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Campbell, Zoe. "The impact of trade reform on the research and development incentives for Canadian dairy producers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2451.
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Canada has long been a proponent of free trade while at the same time defending the current supply management system that protects the dairy industry from import competition. In the most recent Doha Development Round of talks amongst nations belonging to the World Trade Organization, the validity of Canada's protectionist position has been questioned and it is conceivable that Canada may have to make significant changes in the dairy industry to allow more liberal trade policies to be enacted. The key purpose of this study is to find out how free trade will affect the research and development (R&D) incentives of Canadian dairy farmers. On one hand they may be induced to perform more R&D due to competition effects in order to lower costs and achieve a competitive advantage over the main competitor, the United States. On the other hand they may be induced to perform less R&D due to the spillover effect, which allows the Canadian R&D efforts to be used by the United States at no additional cost. It is found that the outcome of these two opposing forces depends on the market scale effect. If Canada is a net importer when the border opens the spillover effect may dominate and Canadian dairy producers may invest less into R&D than under the current protectionist policies. These results however will switch if Canada is found to be the net exporters. The results also depend on the level of the quota currently in place. If the current quota is chosen at a quantity relatively close to the amount supplied at the monopolistic level, a free trade regime may promote R&D efforts more so than supply management. On the other hand, if the current quota level in Canada is closer to the quantity that would be supplied in a competitive industry, Canadian dairy producers may invest less heavily in R&D efforts under a free trade regime than a supply management system.
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Nel, Magdel. "The effect of fine particle removal on the estimation of protein degradability parameters in diary cattle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20039.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Grinding of feedstuffs prior to in sacco incubation results in fine particles that could escape from dacron bags without being degraded. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the removal of these fine particles on protein degradation parameters. The feedstuffs that were used were protein feedstuffs that are commonly used in dairy cattle diets in South Africa. Feedstuffs were soybean oilcake, sunflower oilcake, maize gluten 20, maize gluten 60 and fish meal. Treatments were; 1. grinding through a 2 mm screen with no subsequent sieving, 2. grinding through a 2 mm screen followed by sieving through a 106 μm mesh, and 3. grinding through a 2 mm screen followed by sieving through a 150 μm mesh. In the first trial, the material that was lost through sieving and the chemical composition of the different treatments were determined. Protein solubility was also determined. Between 20 and 60% of the material dry matter was lost with the sieving. The chemical composition for the soybean and sunflower oilcake and maize gluten 60 was similar between the three different treatments (or fractions). The CP content of fish meal and maize gluten 20 differed somewhat between the treatments. The 106 μm mesh seemed to be most suitable for fish meal, but a suitable mesh size could not be found for maize gluten 20. In the second trial, the degradability parameters were determined according to the in sacco degradation procedure. Three lactating Holstein cows that were fitted with rumen cannulae were used. The cows received a commercial lactation diet and oat hay that was supplied ad libitum. Samples of all the protein sources were placed in dacron bags and incubated in the rumen. The following removal times were used: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 or 48 hours. Dry matter and CP disappearances were determined, and the values were used to estimate DM and CP degradability parameters using a non-linear model. Effective CP degradability was also determined. The a-values were affected most of all. On average, the a-values were 39.4 and 40.3% higher for the un-sieved treatments than for the sieved treatments, for DM and CP, respectively. The effective CP degradability was also, on average, 43% higher for the un-sieved treatments. Grinding without the subsequent sieving of samples appears to result in an overestimation of DM and CP degradation in the rumen. It is therefore recommended that after grinding, feedstuffs should be sieved through at least a 106 μm mesh in preparation for in sacco incubations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die maal van grondstowwe ter voorbereiding van in sacco inkubasies lei tot ‘n potensiële verlies van klein partikels uit die dakronsakkies sonder dat hulle gedegradeer word. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die invloed van die verwydering van fynmateriaal op proteïen-degradeerbaarheidsparameters te bepaal. Die grondstowwe wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, is proteïengrondstowwe wat algemeen in melkbeesdiëte in Suid-Afrika gebruik word. Die grondstowwe was soja-oliekoek, sonneblom-oliekoek, mielie gluten 20, mielie gluten 60 en vismeel. Behandelings was; 1. maal deur ‘n 2 mm sif sonder verdere sifting, 2. maal deur ‘n 2 mm sif gevolg deur sifting deur ‘n 106 μm sif en 3. maal deur ‘n 2 mm sif gevolg deur sifting deur ‘n 150 μm sif. In die eerste proef is die hoeveelheid materiaal wat verlore gaan as gevolg van sifting van die grondstowwe bepaal en die chemiese samestelling van die verskillende behandelings. Proteïenoplosbaarheid is ook bepaal. Tussen 20 en 60% van die materiaal het verlore gegaan as gevolg van sifting. Die chemiese samestelling van die soja- en sonneblom oliekoek, asook dié van die mielie gluten 60 was soortgelyk vir al drie die behandelings. Die ruproteïeninhoud (RP) van die vismeel en mielie gluten 20 het verskil tussen die drie behandelings. Dit wil voorkom asof die 106 μm sif die mees geskikte is vir vismeel, maar ‘n geskikte sif kon nie vir mielie gluten 20 gevind word nie. In die tweede proef is die degradeerbaarheidsparameters bepaal met behulp van die in sacco-metode. Drie lakterende Holsteinkoeie met rumen kannulas is gebruik. Die koeie het ‘n kommersiële melkbeesdieët ontvang en hawerhooi ad libitum. Die monsters is in dakronsakkies in die rumen geïnkubeer. Die sakkies is na die volgende inkubasietye verwyder: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 of 48 uur. Die DM- en RP-verdwyning is bereken en die waardes is gebruik om die DM- en RP- degradeerbaarheidsparameters te bereken met behulp van ‘n nie-lineêre model. Effektiewe RP- degradeerbaarheid is ook bereken. Die waardes wat die meeste beïnvloed is, is die a-waardes. Die a-waardes was gemiddeld 39.4 en 40.3% hoër vir die ongesifte behandelings as vir die gesifte behandelings, vir DM en RP, onderskeidelik. Die effektiewe RP-degradeerbaarheid was ook gemiddeld 43% hoër vir die ongesifte behandelings. Dit wil voorkom asof DM- en RP-degradeerbaarheid oorskat word wanneer voermonsters slegs gemaal word. Dit word aanbeveel dat grondstowwe ten minste deur ‘n 106 μm sif gesif word ter voorbereiding vir in sacco-studies.
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Feudjo, Tepie Maurille Aime. "Modelling daily diary cards in asthma clinical trials." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408447.
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Eatough, Erin. "Illegitimate Tasks and Employee Well-Being: A Daily Diary Study." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4476.
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This dissertation focuses on an occupational stressor that has been recently introduced to the literature, illegitimate tasks, or tasks that seem unreasonable or unnecessary at work. Previous work has demonstrated the relationship between illegitimate tasks and a narrow set of discrete emotions as well as negative employee performance behaviors. The current research contributes to the literature by expanding the nomological network associated with illegitimate tasks and uses a rigorous daily diary methodology in a full-time working sample. It was expected that illegitimate tasks reduce state levels of self-esteem as well as other employee well-being indicators including anger, depressive mood, fatigue, job satisfaction, and sleep quality. Ninety participants filled out trait level surveys and subsequently completed daily dairy questionnaires three times daily for two workweeks. Daily diaries assessed experiences of illegitimate tasks as well as self-esteem and well-being. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test primary hypotheses. Results indicate that anger and job satisfaction are consistently, significantly associated with illegitimate task episodes throughout workdays; however, responses dissipate overnight. Depressive mood and fatigue tend to be related to illegitimate tasks as the workday carries on and these responses appear to persist into the following workday. Results are consistent with the notion that illegitimate tasks reduce state self-esteem. However, high trait levels of self-esteem may negate this relationship. No effects on sleep quality were evident. In sum, daily experience of illegitimate task episodes represents a meaningful occupational stressor that predicts reductions in employee self-esteem and employee well-being.
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Gazica, Michele Wilk. "Bi-directional Work-Family Affective Spillover: A Daily Diary Study." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6241.
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This study drew upon the affective events and mood-congruent cognition theories to help explain how one domain influences the other. Affective events are things that happen to which people react emotionally and state affect is a result of those affective experiences. This study proposed that state affect generated in one domain would spillover and influence mood-congruent experiences in the receiving domain. Through an integration of organizational stressor-strain models (e.g., job-resources demand theory) and positive psychology, this study further proposed that positive events are resource-building and will work to prevent or buffer against strain responses to resource-depleting negative events. Finally, this study explored how individual differences in domain integration and work- and family-role salience moderate the foregoing relationships, particularly because studies investigating these effects have produced mixed results.
To address these empirical questions, this study used the daily diary method to examine daily affective spillover effects from work-to-family and from family-to-work in a full-time working sample over the course of two weeks. This method was employed to help bolster confidence about the temporal precedence of work-family affective spillover and employee health and wellbeing outcomes. One-hundred and forty-four participants filled out diary questionnaires three times daily during the work week and one time daily during the weekend. Daily diaries assessed the participants’ exposure to a number of domain-specific affective events, state affect, physical symptoms, and sleep quality. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test this study’s hypotheses.
Overall, the results of this study support affective spillover as the linking pin between the two domains, which has health and wellbeing implications for employees. Specifically, tests of this study’s hypotheses indicated that exposure to affective events throughout the workday was related to state affect at the end of the workday, which then related to the number of valence-congruent affective events within the family domain. Exposure to those family-related affective events was related to corresponding changes in state affect, which not only persisted to the next morning but impacted employee health and wellbeing in terms of psychosomatic complaints. These findings are in line with both the affective events and mood-congruent theories.
Only one significant moderating effect was observed. There was a positive relationship between negative affect at the end of the workday and the number of negative family affective events endorsed by participants who were lower on domain integration, but not among those who were higher on domain integration. The direction of this effect was surprising and may suggest that setting up strong boundaries between life domains creates unattainable expectations, which may increase negative outcomes for an employee.
In sum, family-related affective experiences are an important variable to consider when investigating the effects of affective spillover on work-related experiences and health and wellbeing. The failure to do so may result in a considerable loss of information and contribute to mixed study results.
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Simmons, Mathias J. "The relationship between leadership and flow: a daily diary study." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18822.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Clive J. Fullagar
The current study examines how leaders craft conditions of the workplace to make it more conducive for flow to occur in their followers and what beneficial effects this has on employee well-being and performance. Data from 43 employees surveyed daily over two work weeks suggested that transformational leaders and leader-member exchange relationships impact several workplace conditions that in turn impact flow. Also, daily flow experiences were related to daily psychological well-being and daily performance.
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Morrill, Edward Forrest Gil Karen M. "The E-Diary-CS an Internet based daily diary study of stress, physical activity and health in cancer survivors /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,643.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology)." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Kumar, Shreyas. "Patterns in the daily diary of the 41st president, George Bush." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4826.
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This thesis explores interfaces for locating and comprehending patterns among
time-based materials in digital libraries. Time-based digital library materials are
like other digital library materials in that they are comprised of data and
metadata. In addition, they have a time or period of time attached to each data
item. The specific focus of this thesis is on fine-granularity items-items that
have relatively little data and cover brief periods of time. In such a context,
people often are left to discern patterns of activity by retrospectively making
sense of the collection or parts thereof. The specific domain chosen for the
implementation is the daily diary of President George Bush, the 41st president of
the USA. This project developed a searching and browsing interface, which
allows people to study the relationship between activities and people in the library
data. As part of this thesis, a corpus of the Presidential daily diary was digitized.
Two interfaces were provided to this corpus, one based on a standard
information retrieval engine (Greenstone) and another presenting time-based
visualizations of data items. An evaluation was conducted to explore the relative
strengths and weaknesses of these two interfaces.
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Sacchetti, Gina Marie. "Predicting Risky Sexual Behaviors in College Students: A Daily Diary Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1601141775519279.
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Mennenga, Kayla Dawn. "Effects of Positive and Negative Events on Daily Relationship Effect for Clinical Couples: A Daily Diary Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6047.
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Relationship satisfaction is a popular variable to consider when looking at long-term success for couples. Research indicates positive and negative events have an impact on relationship satisfaction. Considering the influence of the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation framework, the present study focuses on the daily impact of positive and negative events that happen outside of therapy on couple relationship satisfaction for couples seeking therapy. Daily diary methods were used to collect data, a first for using this method with clinical couples. Random effects and multilevel models of analysis controlled for days and couples. Results suggest that on any given day, positive events impact both male and female daily relationship satisfaction. Findings also propose that these events outside of therapy tend to occur more frequently in the evening on any given day, specifically for negative events. Understanding these findings, therapists have an opportunity to use therapy as a tool to enhance adaptive processes for couples in order for couples to continue experiencing higher levels of couple satisfaction.
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Totenhagen, Casey J. "Daily Processes in Romantic Relationships." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145463.
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My goal was to examine how experiences and behaviors of individuals and their romantic partners impact relationships on a daily basis. I conducted three separate but empirically and conceptually related studies. For all three papers, the sample was both members of heterosexual romantic relationships (N = 164 couples, 328 individuals) who completed measures each day for seven days. The papers were informed by tenets from interdependence theory and the conservation of resources model. The main purpose of the first paper was to examine a set of relational constructs (i.e., satisfaction, commitment, closeness, conflict, ambivalence, maintenance, and love) to determine which constructs fluctuated daily. All seven relational constructs showed significant within-person variability and were thus appropriate for further daily investigation. With this information, the next step was to understand how to foster positive relationships by examining what daily experiences were associated with those fluctuations. In the second paper I examined whether daily hassles and uplifts were associated with same-day and next-day feelings about the relationship. For same-day effects, I found that hassles were associated with decreased positivity and increased negativity about relationships, whereas uplifts were largely associated with increased positivity. I also found interactions between hassles and uplifts, suggestive of "blunting" effects whereby the positive effects of uplifts were nullified by high levels of hassles. For the next-day effects, I unexpectedly found that uplifts were associated with
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Cardilla, Kim. "Personality vulnerabilities, coping, and depression : a multi-method daily diary study of college students' coping with daily hassles /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Shahar, Ben. "EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE AND THE MAINTENANCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: A PROSPECTIVE DAILY-DIARY ANALYSIS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194707.
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Experiential avoidance (EA) is an emotion-regulation strategy used to control or avoid unpleasant internal experiences. Experimental studies, however, have shown that EA is associated with an ironic increase in unpleasant experiences. While single manipulation laboratory experiments can demonstrate the immediate ironic detrimental effects of EA, a different methodology is needed to establish how such ironic processes unfold over time in the natural environment. The current study uses a longitudinal design and daily-diary methodology to examine daily associations between EA and negative affect (NA) over a three-week period among college-students who initially reported high levels of psychological distress. A daily measure of state EA based on several avoidant behaviors (thought suppression, emotion suppression, distraction, reflective pondering, and lack of experiential acceptance) was developed for this study. Before and after making daily web-based reports of EA and NA for 21 consecutive days, participants completed a standardized checklist of psychological symptoms, with pre-post change scores on this measure serving as an index of symptomatic improvement. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that, as predicted, symptomatic improvement was associated with decreasing trajectories of EA and NA during the 21-day study period. More symptomatic improvement was associated with weakening (decoupling) of same-day EA-NA links over time. Contrary to predictions, same-day and one-day lagged associations between NA and EA were not associated with symptomatic change. Additional multilevel analyses showed that symptomatic worsening was associated with more daily EA, over and above what was accounted for by daily NA. Likewise, traditional between-person regression analyses showed that overall mean levels of daily EA (aggregated across days) predicted symptomatic worsening, even after statistically accounting for mean levels of daily NA. The results of this study provide partial support for the hypothesis that EA and NA are related to each other in an ironic positive feedback loop that unfolds over time and that symptomatic improvement may involve a process by which EA and NA both decrease and decouple from each other over time. These findings emphasize the importance of using methodologies that track the relationship between EA and its consequences over time using within-person analyses, rather than solely relying on between-person designs.
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Ingram, Kyle E. "Antecedents and consequences of relational ambivalence : a longitudinal and daily diary study investigation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/386/.
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Employee-manager relationships have received significant attention in the literature in attempting to understand the development and consequences of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ relationships. Whilst much is known about these relationships independently, relatively little is known about those relationships that are both ‘good’ and ‘bad’. This thesis uses ‘relational ambivalence’ to describe such relationships and addresses a fundamental question in employee-manager research; can employees simultaneously like and dislike their managers? Two separate research methodologies address this question. The first study, employing a longitudinal survey over a six-month period, explored how historical, individual and social-cognitive perspectives contributed to employee relationship valuations (positive, negative, and ambivalent). This study also tested the impact that each relationship valuation had on interpersonal and organisational outcomes. The second study employed a daily diary method to explore how employee relationship valuations impacted responses to manager-induced psychological contract violations over a two-week period. Findings indicated that relational ambivalence is a distinct relationship valuation both in terms of its antecedents and consequences. The first study revealed that relational ambivalence had a curvilinear relationship with both leader-member exchange and relational schema similarity. Additionally, preoccupied attachment was positively related to relational ambivalence, whilst oneness perceptions were negatively related to relational ambivalence. The study examined two outcome categories: interpersonal and organisational. The interpersonal outcomes revealed a negative relationship with affectbased and cognition-based trust, as well as relational identification; whilst the organisational outcomes revealed that relational ambivalence was the strongest relationship valuation linked to turnover intent. Relational ambivalence was negatively related to OCBs directed toward the organisation, and job control negatively moderated OCBs directed toward the manager. Finally, study two revealed that relational ambivalence changes in intensity over time and leads to increased OCBs, decreased forgiveness, and increased intrusive thoughts after a manager-induced psychological contract violation. Employees offering positive valuations lowered their OCBs, increased forgiveness, and did not experience intrusive thoughts; whilst those offering negative valuations only lowered their OCBs. Contributions and implications of this thesis are discussed.
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Reilly, Laura C. "Adolescents' Co-rumination and Stress Predict Affective Changes in a Daily Diary Paradigm." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1308326427.
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Cushen, Noreen. "Psychological and quality of life effects of daily diary cards on patients undergoing chemotherapy." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438152.
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Ekholm, Eric. "Investigating Daily Writing Emotions, Attention Regulation, and Productivity: An Intensive Longitudinal Study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5977.
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Emotions pervade academic situations and influence the ways that learners think, behave, and achieve (Pekrun, 2006; Schutz & Lanehart, 2002). Writing may be a particularly emotion-laden activity, and especially so for students concentrating in fields that value writing production. However, very few studies have quantitatively investigated writers’ emotional experiences. The goal of the current study was to examine the writing-related emotions of graduate students enrolled in writing-intensive disciplines as well as how these emotions related to writers’ daily productivity and attention-regulation behaviors. To do so, the study employed a daily diary design (Gunthert & Wenze, 2012) in which participants completed brief daily surveys over 28 days. Data from a final sample of 183 participants were analyzed in several frameworks, including descriptive statistics, reliable change indices, and longitudinal modeling via generalized estimating equations. Results from these analyses indicate that writers tend to experience positive valence emotions (e.g. enjoyment, pride) more strongly than negative valence emotions (e.g. anxiety, shame) and that, for most of the emotions studied, writers’ emotional states tended to vary considerably from day to day. Furthermore, results indicate that writers’ emotional states are differentially related to daily writing outcomes such as attention regulation, time spent writing, and number of words written, and that state emotions are more predictive of these outcomes than are trait emotions. Theoretical implications and suggestions for future research are also presented.
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Johnson, Ellen Elizabeth Haynes. "A Daily Diary Study of Alcohol Use After Dating Violence Among College Students:The Role of Bidirectional Violence and Daily Self-Control." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1607613361639999.
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Johnson, Ellen Elizabeth Haynes. "A Daily Diary Study of Alcohol Use After Dating Violence Among College Students:The Role of Bidirectional Violence and Daily Self-Control." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1607613361639999.
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Vidrinskaitė, Gabija. "Dailininkų dienoraščiai. Sąsiuvinis Nr. 4." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140703_112546-31369.
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Pasiklydau temų miške vieną dieną. Kiekviena smulkmena atrodė įdomi ir verta aptarimo... Kad suprasčiau, kas man iš tiesų rūpi, nusprendžiau rašyti dienoraštį. Susikūriau sau užduotį – rašyti dienoraštį kas dieną ir taip visą mėnesį. Mėnesis praėjo, o karuselė vis dar sukosi. Reikėjo naujos užduoties... Išvažiavus į Švediją atlikti praktikos, užsivedžiau naują sąsiuvinį ir pildžiau jį du mėnesius. Praktika baigėsi, grįžau į savo šalį. Negalėjau nustoti rašiusi, jaučiau, jog tai mano darbo dalis. Kai sutikau tris žymius nepažįstamuosius – Eugenijų Delakrua, Paulių Klė ir Edvardą Munchą ir pradėjau skaityti jų dienoraščius, užsivedžiau naują sąsiuvinį ant viršelio užrašiusi „Nr. 4“. Šie dailininkai savo dienoraščiuose pasiūlė naujų žiūrėjimo taškų į savo pačios dienoraščio rašymą bei kūrybą. Tai buvo akstinas rūpestingam dailininko dienoraščio svarstymui.One day I felt lost in the forest of topics. Every single thing seemed to be interesting and worth to discuss… I decided to write a diary to understand what is the most important to me. I started with a task – to write a diary every day for a period of a month. The month ended, but the carousel was still spinning. I needed a new task. I was writing my second journal during the practice in foreign country for two months, also every day. The practice was finished – I could not stop writing – It was a part of my work I felt. I took a blank Journal and wrote "No. 4" on the cover when I met three famous strangers and started to read their diaries - Edvard Munch, Paul Klee and Eugene Delacroix. They offered me new perspectives on my own writing and working. It was the reason to start with a serious discussion about the diaries of artists.
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Ritter, Kelsey-Jo. "Give Me a Break: Daily Teacher Recovery." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1415091755.
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Mihic, Ljiljana. "Personality vulnerability to depression and stress processes a daily diary approach to the diathesis-stress model." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988795442/04.
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Dombrowski, John Thomas. "A Multi-Method Investigation of Approach and Avoidance Temperaments: Self-Report, Physiological, and Daily Diary Measures." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626773.
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Kotila, Letitia E. "What Do Fathers Do? A Look into the Daily Activities of Fathers Using Time Diary Data." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313594649.
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Francetich, Jade M. "Daily-collected Sleep Diaries Compared to Weekly-collected Sleep Diaries Via Actigraph Concordance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500117/.
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Both sleep diaries and actigraphy have been recommended to assess sleep in research and clinical settings. Investigators have traditionally used sleep diaries that were completed daily by participants and collected weekly but have recently begun using sleep diaries that are both completed and collected daily. No research had previously assessed the agreement between daily-collected sleep diaries and actigraph data over one week. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to use daily- or weekly-collected sleep diaries. Sleep parameters obtained from these measures were compared to each other via concordance with concurrent actigraph data. It was hypothesized that daily-collected sleep diaries would have greater concordance with actigraphy than weekly-collected sleep diaries. Results indicated that daily-collected sleep diaries provided more reliable data than weekly-collected sleep diaries, but the differences were not statistically significant. Additional aims examined self-reported sleep diary adherence, the participation day number, and day of the week. There were trends for the Daily group to have better adherence. Overall concordance did not change based on the day number or day of the week. Both sleep diaries yield comparable sleep parameter data, suggesting that clinicians and researchers can use either method to estimate sleep parameters.
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Stonerock, Gregory L. Gil Karen M. "Daily coping strategies and their relationships with mood, activity level and health care use in sickle cell disease analysis of daily diary data /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1713.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology Clinical Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Dryman, Meredith Taylor. "The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Depression: A Daily Diary Study." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/515027.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Social anxiety and depression are commonly comorbid, and together they result in greater functional impairment and a poorer prognosis than when either condition occurs alone. Although the onset of social anxiety precedes the development of depression in the large majority of comorbid cases, little research has directly examined factors that contribute to the occurrence of depression in individuals with social anxiety. Theoretical models implicate emotion and emotion regulation in the development and maintenance of internalizing disorders. Emotion regulation research has predominantly focused on expressive suppression (ES), the suppression of outward emotion, and cognitive reappraisal (CR), the modification of cognitions to manage emotion. Social anxiety and depression are both characterized by maladaptive patterns of emotion regulation, exhibiting an overreliance on ES and an underutilization of CR. The present study investigated the role of emotion regulation, specifically ES and CR, in the relationship between social anxiety and depression over time. Our primary aim was to evaluate ES and CR, separately, as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and depression. Our secondary aim was to evaluate additional mediating and/or moderating effects of related variables (i.e., relationship quality, positive and negative affect, and reward sensitivity). Our final exploratory aim was to evaluate whether emotion regulation (i.e., ES and CR) for positive emotions differs from emotion regulation for negative emotions in the relationships proposed by our primary and secondary aims. Undergraduate participants (N=137) completed an in-person laboratory session (i.e., baseline), followed by a 14-day daily diary period. During the daily diary period, participants reported on their daily experiences of social anxiety, depressed mood, emotion, emotion regulation, and relationship quality. Approximately two weeks after the end of the daily diary period (i.e., four weeks after baseline), participants completed a final in-person laboratory session (i.e., endpoint). Multilevel modeling was used to analyze observation-level data over the two-week diary period, and bootstrapping methods were used for person-level analyses over the full four-week study period. Daily diary analyses failed to support the hypothesized mediation models. Average social anxiety across the daily diary period was positively associated with daily depressed mood, but observation-level social anxiety was not. Exploratory analyses revealed affect-specific effects of emotion regulation, such that higher perceived success in ES (i.e., daily ES self-efficacy) for positive affect and less frequent use of CR (i.e., daily CR frequency) for negative affect significantly predicted higher next-day depressed mood. Person-level analyses across the four-week study period yielded some support for our hypotheses, in that ES frequency and positive affect acted as sequential mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and depression. Higher social anxiety predicted more frequent ES, which predicted lower positive affect, which then predicted higher depression. However, the mediation model was no longer significant after controlling for baseline depression. Our results highlight the role of emotion dysregulation in predicting depression and provide initial support for the mediating effects of ES and CR in the relationship between social anxiety and depression. These findings also emphasize the importance of investigating affect-specific effects, with particular attention paid to emotion regulation for positive affect and its role in the co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression. Future research would benefit from longitudinal studies across longer time periods and examining these relationships within a clinical sample.
Temple University--Theses
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Borowski, Shelby Catherine. "A Daily Diary Investigation of the Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Physical Activity Among University Staff." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100953.
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The goal of this investigation was to examine personal and environmental factors that may influence levels of daily physical activity in a sample of university staff employees who use flexible work arrangements (flextime or telework). Our first aim was to investigate the link between self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and flexible work arrangements on daily physical activity. Our second aim was to investigate the link between work stress, job burnout, work-to-family conflict and flexible work arrangements on physical activity. Lastly, we investigated if the use of flexible work arrangements buffered the relationship between barriers, as well as job burnout, on physical activity. University staff employees who worked full-time, currently used a flexible work arrangement, lived with at least one family member were eligible to participate. Using a daily diary design, data were collected from 61 university staff employees. Participants completed an initial survey followed by daily diaries over the course of one workweek, resulting in 281 diary days. Data were analyzed with multilevel negative binomial models. Daily barriers and use of flextime were associated with lower physical activity. Self-efficacy, telework, work stress, and work-to-family conflict were not significantly associated with daily physical activity. Flexible work arrangements did not moderate the association between barriers and physical activity. However, flextime moderated the association between job burnout and physical activity. Individuals with high job burnout engaged in more physical activity on flextime days compared to non-flexible workdays. Implications regarding physical activity, flexible work arrangements, and workplace wellness programs are discussed.Doctor of Philosophy
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McCully, Scout N. "Task-Switching, Flexible Self-Regulation, and Physical Activity in Young Adults." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1402408598.
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Hahn, Elizabeth. "Daily Experiences of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4060.
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Rationale and study aims: Persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experience declines in everyday functioning and cognitive performance greater than what is experienced in normal aging but less than that of dementia. Daily stress and daily memory complaints associated with cognitive deficits may contribute to greater psychological distress in the day-to-day experiences of persons with MCI. However, research examining the occurrence of daily stressors, daily memory complaints and psychological distress in MCI is limited, and it is not clear how the daily processes of stress and affect in persons with MCI compare to cognitively healthy older adults. This dissertation examined the occurrence of daily stressors, daily memory complaints, retrospective and daily well-being in persons with MCI compared to cognitively healthy controls. Main analyses examined whether daily stressors and daily memory complaints were associated with worse daily affect in MCI participants compared to controls, and whether increased daily stress was associated with a greater number of memory complaints.
Methods: The study used a short-term repeated measures design, and included MCI and control participants recruited from a university-based memory clinic. The interviews consisted of a baseline interview and up to eight consecutive days of brief daily phone interviews. The interviews included both retrospective and daily measures of psychological well-being, daily stressors, daily memory complaints, and open-ended questions about daily experiences.
Results: Persons with MCI reported a greater number of daily memory complaints and worse psychological distress, as measured by both retrospective and daily reports. There were no significant differences between MCI and control participants, however, in the frequency of daily stressors. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, on days when a participant reported more daily stressors, they had higher negative affect. The stress-negative affect relationship was stronger for MCI participants compared to controls. MCI and control participants who reported more memory complaints, on average, had higher negative affect.
Discussion: Daily stressors were disproportionally associated with greater psychological distress in MCI participants as compared to cognitively healthy controls. Interventions targeting the potential distress associated with daily life may be beneficial for psychological well-being in persons with MCI. Future research should examine other potential mechanisms of distress in daily lives of persons with MCI in order to inform relatives and caregivers of persons with MCI, clinicians who give diagnoses to their patients, and individuals providing community support for individuals living with MCI.
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Snell, Carolyn. "A Daily Phone Diary Procedure to Assess Behavioral Engagement in the Treatment of Adolescent Anxiety and Depressive Disorders." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/700.
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Anxiety and depressive disorders are common conditions for adolescents and are associated with significant impairments in functioning. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment modality for these youth, and the behavioral components of CBT protocols, in particular, are thought to be one of the active mechanisms through which positive symptom changes are produced. However, few procedures are available to measure the behavioral changes taking place in adolescents’ daily lives as they make therapeutic progress. This study examined adolescents’ “behavioral engagement” throughout treatment, a construct defined as time spent in social, athletic and academic activities. Behavioral engagement was measured using the Daily Phone Diary (DPD), a validated measure of daily activities utilized in the child health literature, which employs the principles of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Twenty-four adolescents reported each activity they engaged in throughout the day, in chronological order, over the past 24 hours. Participants were diverse in their ages, ethnicities, socioeconomic statuses and internalizing disorder diagnoses. Activities were reported during phone calls scheduled before, during, and after treatment using a transdiagnostic formulation of CBT and, for a randomized subset of the sample (N=8), both before and following a Waitlist comparison condition. Results indicated that “behavioral engagement” is a construct that is measurable and that daily phone diaries are an acceptable method of data collection for this population. Based on theoretical and empirical literature, three key categories of activities on the DPD comprised behavioral engagement: 1) Time spent socially engaged with others; 2) Time spent on any physical or athletic activity; and 3) Time doing homework. Results supported good inter-rater reliability and potentially reasonable test-retest reliability; data collection via the DPD was feasible and acceptable in this context. Tests of convergent validity with other measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms suggested that prior to treatment, more time spent in some activity categories was associated with more internalizing symptoms for those with anxiety disorders only, but fewer internalizing symptoms for those with depression as well as anxiety. Tests of convergent validity with other measures of weekly mood were promising. Future studies will explore alternate definitions of behavioral engagement, examine this construct in a larger sample that has completed a full course of CBT, and explore this construct’s potential role as a mediator of clinical improvement.
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Kenner, Frank M. "Dimension of Affect, Drinking Motives and Daily Moods: An Electronic Diary Study of Binge Drinking in College Students." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1240609560.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan 22, 2010). Advisor: Dan Neal. Keywords: Drinking Motives; Affect; Electronic Diary. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-60).
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Heggeness, Luke Franklin. "COPING VIA SUBSTANCE USE AND THE DEPRESSOGENIC INTERPLAY OF INTERNAL ATTRIBUTION BIAS: A THREE-WEEK DAILY DIARY STUDY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523846055576536.
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Omid, Narges. "The assessment level of fluoride intake/exposure using '3-day dietary diary' & '2-day duplicate' methods." Thesis, Teesside University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/251437.
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Background: Studies of assessing dietary fluoride intake in children have employed different dietary methods mainly “2-day duplicate” and “3-day food diary” methods. However, none of these methods have been validated or standardised. Main aims: The main aims of the current study were to develop a better understanding of strengths and weaknesses of dietary assessment methods “2-day duplicate plate” and “3-day food diary” by comparing dietary fluoride intake estimated by each method and evaluate the validity of the two methods for estimating dietary fluoride intake in young children. Methods: Sixty one healthy 4-6 year old children living in fluoridated area of the north-east of England since birth were recruited via 10 primary schools. Dietary information was collected using “2-day duplicate plate” and “3-day food diary” methods. Two 24-h urine samples and two samples of post brushing expectorate (a mixture of saliva, toothpaste and water used to rinse after brushing) from each child. Completeness of 24-h urine samples was checked using urinary excretion of creatinine and urinary flow rate. Validity of the two dietary assessment methods was checked by measuring urinary excretion of nitrogen and potassium as independent validity checks. Total daily fluoride intake from diet and toothpaste ingestion and urinary fluoride excretion was determined for each child. Results: All participated children completed all aspects of the study. According to the validity criteria, dietary data of 58 (95%) children, when collected by the 3-day food diary, were considered valid. However, when the dietary data were collected by the 2-day duplicate plate method, the data for 46 (75%) children were viewed as valid. Mean total dietary fluoride intake was 0.533 mg/d by the 3-day food diary method and 0.583 mg/d by the 2-day duplicate plate method. No statistically significant difference in total dietary fluoride intake was observed between the two methods. The mean difference in estimated dietary fluoride intake by the two dietary assessment methods was -0.050 mg/d with 95% limits of agreement of -0.501 to + 0.401 mg/d. Conclusion: Either the 3-day food diary or the 2-day duplicate plate method can be used when investigating mean total daily dietary fluoride intake of a population. However the methods cannot be used interchangeably at the individual level.
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Cho, Eunae. "Daily Recovery from Work: The Role of Guilt." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4456.
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Acknowledging the critical role that occupational factors play in employee health, researchers have tried to understand ways to reduce the harmful effects of work on employee health. As the process by which individuals recharge resources that have been depleted, recovery has been recognized as important due to its potential to mitigate the negative effects of work on employee well-being. Although the recovery literature has continued to grow, many questions remain unanswered. The purpose of the present study was to expand our knowledge of recovery by examining situational (job characteristics) and individual (trait guilt) predictors of recovery and investigating psychological attributes of off-job activities. An experience sampling design was used to understand relationships among focal variables at day level. Hypotheses were tested using the data from 99 full-time employees living with a full-time working spouse and at least one dependent. The results suggest that daily job characteristics serve an important role in recovery such that they relate to recovery experiences of psychological detachment and relaxation. However, job characteristics did not have significant relationships with the choice of off-job activities. With regard to subjective experiences of off-job activities, findings demonstrated considerable variance across individuals. Further, psychological attributes of off-job activities were found to relate to recovery experiences although the results were not always consistent with expectation. Next, little support was found for the moderating role of trait guilt in the relationship between job characteristics and off-job activities. Finally, consistent with previous research, recovery experiences related to better well-being outcomes.
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Grant, Lynda D. "The relationship between pain appraisals and coping strategy use and adaptation to chronic low back pain, a daily diary study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25061.pdf.
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Imel, Janna L. "Positivity Ratio: Predicting Sleep Outcomes Across The Adult Lifespan." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4604.
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Although sleep has been linked to changes in positive and negative affect across the lifespan, the prediction of sleep from affect has not been explored completely. As such, the main objective of this study was to examine the association between affect and sleep across the adult lifespan, using a novel gauge of affect, the positivity ratio. Both subjective and objective assessments of sleep were used in analyses. This study was an archival analysis of data collected as a part of the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS-II), with participants ranging from 34 to 83 years of age. Results revealed the positivity ratio to be a significant predictor of self-reported sleep quality and global sleep, but not of objective sleep measures. Additionally, the positivity ratio was found to increase with age and appears to predict better global sleep and sleep quality across all age groups. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Stupiansky, Nathan W. "Alcohol use and sexual behavior during a college special event week utilizing internet based daily diary methodology to analyze event-level data /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3331274.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 27, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6740. Adviser: Michael Reece.
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Simpson, Samantha Karma-Jean. "Effects of Exercise on Clinical Couple Interactions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7702.
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Research has shown that exercise has the potential to improve couple relationships. This study contributes to current literature by examining the associations between exercise, its duration, and its intensity and daily clinical couple interactions. Participants were 22 married couples in a treatment-as-usual setting who completed daily diaries about daily behaviors and marital interactions. Multilevel models were run, and results showed that wives who exercised were more likely to report a negative interaction with their husband that day. When wives exercised longer, both they and their husbands were more likely to report positive interactions that day. Interestingly, if husbands exercised longer on a given day, their wives were less likely to report positive interactions and there was no association between husbands' perception of interactions and their own exercise duration. Finally, we found that when wives exercised more intensely, both she and her husband were less likely to report positive marital interactions. These results have implications for clinicians working with couples in therapy.
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Kokkoris, Michail, Olga Stavrova, and Tila Pronk. "Finding meaning in self-control: The effect of self-control on the perception of meaning in life." Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6743/1/15298868.2018.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The present research explored whether self-control is associated with
the perception of meaning in life. A week-long daily diary study (Study
1) showed trait self-control (but not daily experiences of self-control
failure) to be positively associated with a general sense of meaning in
life and daily experiences of meaning. This association was robust
against controlling for life satisfaction, positive and negative affect.
Study 2 tested two potential mechanisms underlying the association
between trait self-control and meaning in life: Successful goal progress
and experience of structure in life. While self-control was positively
associated with both, only the experience of structure predictedmeaning:
Self-control was positively related to the perception of one's life as
having a clear sense of structure and order, which in turn predicted a
stronger perception of meaning. Study 3 replicated the mediation
path via the experience of structure and showed it to be stronger for
individuals high (vs. low) in the personal need for structure. The
present findings add to the emerging literature on trait (and state)
self-control and dispositional determinants of meaning in life.
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Horvath, Keith J. "The use of a daily web diary to examine the relation between online sex seeking and HIV risk among Internet-using men who have sex with men." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1083543051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Goncy, Elizabeth A. "Conflict and Temporal and Relational Spillover of Conflict in Young Adult Romantic Relationships: Impact of Interparental and Parent-Child Relationships." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310482081.
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Sernheim, Åsa-Sara. "Time for Activities for Girls and Women with Rett Syndrome." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för arbetsterapi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149823.
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Irrespective of the great individual variation, people diagnosed with RTT largely rely on support from others to be able to do and participate in activities throughout their lives. This thesis focuses on which activities are done and liked/disliked by girls and women with RTT in Sweden. The overall aim was to describe the everyday lives of female individuals with Rett syndrome. Two studies are included in this thesis. The first is a descriptive study, using secondary data from three earlier questionnaires, encompassing data from 175 participants (girls/women) described by 365 informants (parents/staff). Content analysis was used to analyse the openended questions. In the second study a Time-geographic diary method and the software VISUAL-TimePAcTs computer program, DAILY LIFE 2011 were used. Ten participants (teenagers/young female adults) with RTT and their 63 informants participated in the diary study. The main findings in the first study (I) were that the girls and women with RTT enjoyed activities that included aspects of ‘contact’, ‘sensory impression’ and ‘motion’. The activities most enjoyed over the years were bathing/swimming, listening to music or being outdoors/walking. The parents and staff also liked to do the same activities that the girls or women enjoyed doing, described as sharing their joy. Of the few activities that were reported as being unenjoyable, most were daily care activities. The diary study (II) showed that the most frequently reported activities were hygiene/toilet, moving around indoors, eating and getting dressed. Most time was spent in sleeping, daily care, medical and health care activities and also for travel/transportation. Little time remained for other kinds of activities especially for the young adults. Most time was spent with staff, thereafter with families, and the least time was spent with friends. The participant response that was reported most often during activities was ‘interested’, while ‘opposed’ was the least reported. Responses of ‘opposition’ were primarily seen during caring activities such as toileting, using the breathing mask, stretching, brushing teeth, being woken up, dressing and putting on orthoses. Responses of ‘engagement’ were noted in contexts of socialising, playing and communicating activities with friends or staff. Engagement responses were also reported during activities of ‘motion’ such as changing body position, moving in the water or gymnastics, eating food and snacks, and even when watching/listening to films, books or music. Thus, increased knowledge concerning the importance of activities for girls and women with RTT is essential for their well-being, participation and continued development. Increased knowledge could facilitate the choice of activities and a more varied use of activities. Regardless of age, severity of symptoms or developed skills, it is important that not only basic needs such as sleep, daily care and medical health care activities are fulfilled for individuals with Rett syndrome. It is also essential for them to spend time with friends, family and staff doing enjoyable activities both at home and in other places.Funding:
Linnéa and Josef Carlsson’s Foundation, Helsingborg, Sweden and the Folke Bernadotte Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Khan, Cynthia Marleen. "Spousal Support and Control Targeting Exercise in Older Adults with Diabetes: Roles of Patients' Emotional Responses and Gender." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1285010481.
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"Modeling Relationships between Cycles in Psychology: Potential Limitations of Sinusoidal and Mass-Spring Models." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53747.
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abstract: With improvements in technology, intensive longitudinal studies that permit the investigation of daily and weekly cycles in behavior have increased exponentially over the past few decades. Traditionally, when data have been collected on two variables over time, multivariate time series approaches that remove trends, cycles, and serial dependency have been used. These analyses permit the study of the relationship between random shocks (perturbations) in the presumed causal series and changes in the outcome series, but do not permit the study of the relationships between cycles. Liu and West (2016) proposed a multilevel approach that permitted the study of potential between subject relationships between features of the cycles in two series (e.g., amplitude). However, I show that the application of the Liu and West approach is restricted to a small set of features and types of relationships between the series. Several authors (e.g., Boker & Graham, 1998) proposed a connected mass-spring model that appears to permit modeling of more general cyclic relationships. I showed that the undamped connected mass-spring model is also limited and may be unidentified. To test the severity of the restrictions of the motion trajectories producible by the undamped connected mass-spring model I mathematically derived their connection to the force equations of the undamped connected mass-spring system. The mathematical solution describes the domain of the trajectory pairs that are producible by the undamped connected mass-spring model. The set of producible trajectory pairs is highly restricted, and this restriction sets major limitations on the application of the connected mass-spring model to psychological data. I used a simulation to demonstrate that even if a pair of psychological time-varying variables behaved exactly like two masses in an undamped connected mass-spring system, the connected mass-spring model would not yield adequate parameter estimates. My simulation probed the performance of the connected mass-spring model as a function of several aspects of data quality including number of subjects, series length, sampling rate relative to the cycle, and measurement error in the data. The findings can be extended to damped and nonlinear connected mass-spring systems.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2019
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"Daily Diary Data: Effects of Cycles on Inferences." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.16435.
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abstract: Daily dairies and other intensive measurement methods are increasingly used to study the relationships between two time varying variables X and Y. These data are commonly analyzed using longitudinal multilevel or bivariate growth curve models that allow for random effects of intercept (and sometimes also slope) but which do not address the effects of weekly cycles in the data. Three Monte Carlo studies investigated the impact of omitting the weekly cycles in daily dairy data under the multilevel model framework. In cases where cycles existed in both the time-varying predictor series (X) and the time-varying outcome series (Y) but were ignored, the effects of the within- and between-person components of X on Y tended to be biased, as were their corresponding standard errors. The direction and magnitude of the bias depended on the phase difference between the cycles in the two series. In cases where cycles existed in only one series but were ignored, the standard errors of the regression coefficients for the within- and between-person components of X tended to be biased, and the direction and magnitude of bias depended on which series contained cyclical components.Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. Psychology 2013
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Oliveira, Dora Cristina Santos. "Good apples and bad apples: Different approaches on presenteeism: A daily diary study." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7059.
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Este estudo teve como objectivo a construção e validação de uma escala que pretende medir os ganhos e as perdas associadas ao presentismo (“good apples and bad apples)”, sendo que este novo construto da área organizacional consiste no facto de as pessoas irem trabalhar doentes. Participaram nesta parte do estudo trabalhadores portugueses dos sectores da saúde, social, banca e serviços (n=105). Através da realização de análises de componentes principais com rotação varimax, análises factoriais confirmatórias, estudos de concomitância e teoria de resposta ao item, foram demonstradas as qualidades métricas da escala. Adicionalmente, procurou-se estudar o fenómeno no seu contexto, assim como as flutuações individuais. Assim, utilizando uma metodologia longitudinal – daily diary study – testaram-se algumas hipóteses. Nesta parte do estudo, participaram 42 trabalhadores de uma instituição social. Recolheram-se dados diários durante duas semanas consecutivas de trabalho, os quais foram analisados através do modelo hierárquico linear. Verificou-se que o afeto negativo e o burnout se associam positivamente à perda de produtividade devido a presentismo, enquanto que o vigor se associa negativamente. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que o afeto negativo e o burnout se relacionam positivamente com as perdas do presentismo, enquanto que o vigor se relaciona negativamente. Por último, constatou-se que o conflito família-trabalho se associa positivamente aos ganhos do presentismo.This study aimed to develop and validate a scale that intends to measure presenteeism gains and losses (“good and bad apples”). This new concept in the organizational filed consists on being on the job but sick. Portuguese workers from health, social, bank and services sectors collaborated (n=105) on this part of the study. By conducting principal component analysis with varimax rotation, confirmatory factor analysis, concomitance studies and item response theory, appropriate metrical qualities were demonstrated. Additionally, this study aimed to approach the phenomenon in its context as well as individual fluctuations. Thus, by using a longitudinal methodology – daily diary study – several hypotheses were tested. In this part, 42 workers from a social institution participated. Weekly diary data gathered over the course of two working weeks were analyzed according to the hierarchical linear modeling. Results showed that negative affect and burnout positively predicted productivity losses due to presenteeism while vigor negatively predicted it. The same way, negative affect and burnout were positively associated to presenteeism losses while vigor was negatively associated. Lastly, family-to-work conflict positively predicted presenteeism gains.
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Banks, Devin Elizabeth. "Concurrent Substance Use and Related Problems among African American Adolescents: A Daily Diary Study." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/23131.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)African American adolescents have historically been considered at low risk for substance use relative to the White adolescent majority based on national prevalence estimates. However, during the last decade, African American adolescents’ rates of marijuana use—alone and in combination with other substances—have increased disproportionately relative to those of their White peers. Given the strong relationship between marijuana use and other substance use and the functional consequences associated with concurrent substance use during adolescence, the increase in marijuana use among African American youth may contribute to increased substance-related health disparities across the lifespan. Thus, the current study examined daily associations between marijuana use and other substance use among African American adolescents relative to their White peers. It also examined whether those associations differentially predicted behavioral health consequences among African American adolescents. Participants (N = 35; 42.9% African American) were adolescents age 14-18 who reported past 30-day use of marijuana, alcohol, and/or tobacco products. Respondents completed daily diaries reporting their substance use for 14 consecutive days, followed by self-report measures of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and substance use problems. Multilevel regression and structural equation models were used to account for the nesting of days within individuals. Participants completed 458 diaries for a completion rate of 93.5%. African American respondents reported greater daily- and individual-level rates of marijuana use and concurrent substance use than White respondents. However, in multilevel models controlling for demographics, marijuana use was not related to concurrent use of alcohol and/or tobacco use and this relationship did not vary by race. Racial differences in the relationship between concurrent substance use and behavioral health consequences were observed such that the relationship was positive among White youth but not African American youth. Findings suggest that African American youth are at high risk for engagement in problematic patterns of substance use but that daily diary methods may not be most appropriate for illuminating these patterns. Despite these unexpected results, disparities in substance-related consequences among African Americans adults persist. Future research should examine long-term rather than proximal consequences of concurrent substance use among African American adolescents.
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Banks, Devin E. "Concurrent Substance Use and Related Problems among African American Adolescents: A Daily Diary Study." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/23131.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)African American adolescents have historically been considered at low risk for substance use relative to the White adolescent majority based on national prevalence estimates. However, during the last decade, African American adolescents’ rates of marijuana use—alone and in combination with other substances—have increased disproportionately relative to those of their White peers. Given the strong relationship between marijuana use and other substance use and the functional consequences associated with concurrent substance use during adolescence, the increase in marijuana use among African American youth may contribute to increased substance-related health disparities across the lifespan. Thus, the current study examined daily associations between marijuana use and other substance use among African American adolescents relative to their White peers. It also examined whether those associations differentially predicted behavioral health consequences among African American adolescents. Participants (N = 35; 42.9% African American) were adolescents age 14-18 who reported past 30-day use of marijuana, alcohol, and/or tobacco products. Respondents completed daily diaries reporting their substance use for 14 consecutive days, followed by self-report measures of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and substance use problems. Multilevel regression and structural equation models were used to account for the nesting of days within individuals. Participants completed 458 diaries for a completion rate of 93.5%. African American respondents reported greater daily- and individual-level rates of marijuana use and concurrent substance use than White respondents. However, in multilevel models controlling for demographics, marijuana use was not related to concurrent use of alcohol and/or tobacco use and this relationship did not vary by race. Racial differences in the relationship between concurrent substance use and behavioral health consequences were observed such that the relationship was positive among White youth but not African American youth. Findings suggest that African American youth are at high risk for engagement in problematic patterns of substance use but that daily diary methods may not be most appropriate for illuminating these patterns. Despite these unexpected results, disparities in substance-related consequences among African Americans adults persist. Future research should examine long-term rather than proximal consequences of concurrent substance use among African American adolescents.
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Bermbach, Nicole. "Participating in a daily diary study of stress and coping : an exploration of reactivity." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13952.
Full textAbstract:
Daily process methods are becoming increasingly common in both health and social science research. However, the issue of how these intensive self-monitoring procedures affect participants and the information provided has not been systematically studied. In the present study, I explored the issue of reactivity in a daily diary study of workplace stress and coping among female clerical workers (n = 74), and compared them to clerical workers who did not self-monitor (n = 101). Daily diary participants provided information on stressors, coping, and mood twice a day for 15 consecutive workdays (30 occasions). At the end of the recording period participants reported on the overall experience of daily self-monitoring as well as on whether daily self-monitoring affected their behavior and mood. Participants also completed measures of distress (anxiety and depression) and satisfaction (job and life) both before and after completing the daily diaries. Finally, the role of individual differences [negative affect (NA) and depressive symptomatology] in reactivity was also examined. Results of repeated measures MANOVAs suggested that twice daily self-monitoring of stress and coping does not have a significant impact on daily mood during recording. Nor was there evidence of short-term effects of daily self-monitoring on participants' satisfaction and distress. However, content analysis revealed that participants' perceived daily self-monitoring to have had an impact. Though there was no evidence that this perceived impact was related to NA or depressive symptomatology, trend analysis showed that level of NA was associated with differential trends in daily anxious and depressed mood. Possible explanations for findings are discussed.