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Journal articles on the topic 'Daisy pattern mitigation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Kotz, Maximilian, Leonie Wenz, and Anders Levermann. "Footprint of greenhouse forcing in daily temperature variability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 32 (2021): e2103294118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103294118.

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Changes in mean climatic conditions will affect natural and societal systems profoundly under continued anthropogenic global warming. Changes in the high-frequency variability of temperature exert additional pressures, yet the effect of greenhouse forcing thereon has not been fully assessed or identified in observational data. Here, we show that the intramonthly variability of daily surface temperature changes with distinct global patterns as greenhouse gas concentrations rise. In both reanalyses of historical observations and state-of-the-art projections, variability increases at low to mid l

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Gough, Matt K., Francisco J. Beron-Vera, María J. Olascoaga, Julio Sheinbaum, Julien Jouanno, and Rodrigo Duran. "Persistent Lagrangian Transport Patterns in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 2 (2019): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0207.1.

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AbstractPersistent Lagrangian transport patterns at the ocean surface are revealed from climatological Lagrangian coherent structures (cLCSs) computed from daily climatological surface current velocities in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (NWGoM). The climatological currents are computed from daily velocities produced by an 18-yr-long free-running submesoscale-permitting Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) simulation of the Gulf of Mexico. Despite the intense submesoscale variability produced by the model along the shelf break, which is found to be consistent with observations a

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Li, Kangning, Yunhao Chen, and Shengjun Gao. "Comparative Analysis of Variations and Patterns between Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity and Frequency across 305 Chinese Cities." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (2021): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173505.

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Urban heat island (UHI), referring to higher temperatures in urban extents than its surrounding rural regions, is widely reported in terms of negative effects to both the ecological environment and human health. To propose effective mitigation measurements, spatiotemporal variations and control machines of surface UHI (SUHI) have been widely investigated, in particular based on the indicator of SUHI intensity (SUHII). However, studies on SUHI frequency (SUHIF), an important temporal indicator, are challenged by a large number of missing data in daily land surface temperature (LST). Whether the

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De Jongh, Derick, and Carmen Möllmann. "Market barriers for voluntary climate change mitigation in the South African private sector." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 5 (2014): 639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i5.532.

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A key challenge in the twenty-first century is to enable economic growth and increase both environmentalquality and social inclusiveness, while mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable and sustainable economic growth must be placed at the heart of future development for all citizens. The South African private sector is under enormous pressure to remain globally competitive while balancing the interests of society, the environment and its shareholders. It has been suggested that ther

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Kučas, Andrius, and Linas Balčiauskas. "Impact of Road Fencing on Ungulate–Vehicle Collisions and Hotspot Patterns." Land 10, no. 4 (2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040338.

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The number of road traffic accidents decreased in Lithuania from 2002 to 2017, while the ungulate–vehicle collision (UVC) number increased and accounted for approximately 69% of all wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) in the country. Understanding the relationship between UVCs, traffic intensity, and implemented mitigation measures is important for the assessment of UVC mitigation measure efficiency. We assessed the effect of annual average daily traffic (AADT) and wildlife fencing on UVCs using regression analysis of changes in annual UVCs and UVC hotspots on different categories of roads. At t

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Hempel, Sabrina, Diliara Willink, David Janke, Christian Ammon, Barbara Amon, and Thomas Amon. "Methane Emission Characteristics of Naturally Ventilated Cattle Buildings." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (2020): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104314.

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The mandate to limit global temperature rise calls for a reliable quantification of gaseous pollutant emissions as a basis for effective mitigation. Methane emissions from ruminant fermentation are of particular relevance in the context of greenhouse gas mitigation. The emission dynamics are so far insufficiently understood. We analyzed hourly methane emission data collected during contrasting seasons from two naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings with concrete floor and performed a second order polynomial regression. We found a parabolic temperature dependence of the methane emissions i

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Crossley, R. E., A. Harlander, and T. J. DeVries. "0742 Mitigation of variability in feeding patterns between competitively fed dairy cows through increased feed delivery frequency." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (2016): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-0742.

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Yazdanfar, Shiler, and Alireza Bonyadi. "Request Strategies in Everyday Interactions of Persian and English Speakers." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (2016): 215824401667947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016679473.

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Cross-cultural studies of speech acts in different linguistic contexts might have interesting implications for language researchers and practitioners. Drawing on the Speech Act Theory, the present study aimed at conducting a comparative study of request speech act in Persian and English. Specifically, the study endeavored to explore the request strategies used in daily interactions of Persian and English speakers based on directness level and supportive moves. To this end, English and Persian TV series were observed and requestive utterances were transcribed. The utterances were then categoriz

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Lan, Y., Z. Huang, R. Guo, and Q. Zhan. "THE ROLES OF URBAN BUILDINGS AND VEGETATION IN ADJUSTING SEASONAL AND DAILY AIR TEMPERATURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 1307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1307-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Exploring the spatiotemporal patterns of the relationships between urban indicators and urban temperature is essential to improve the mitigation effectiveness when we intend to adjust built environment for moderating urban thermal environment. In this study, RS, GIS technology and statistical methods were involved to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of the impacts of urban buildings and vegetation on Air Temperature (AT). Building Density (BD) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are the indicators for urban buildings and vege

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Sparks, R. S. J., W. P. Aspinall, E. Brooks-Pollock, et al. "A novel approach for evaluating contact patterns and risk mitigation strategies for COVID-19 in English primary schools with application of structured expert judgement." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 1 (2021): 201566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201566.

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Personal contacts drive COVID-19 infections. After being closed (23 March 2020) UK primary schools partially re-opened on 1 June 2020 with social distancing and new risk mitigation strategies. We conducted a structured expert elicitation of teachers to quantify primary school contact patterns and how contact rates changed upon re-opening with risk mitigation measures in place. These rates, with uncertainties, were determined using a performance-based algorithm. We report mean number of contacts per day for four cohorts within schools, with associated 90% confidence ranges. Prior to lockdown, y

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Frenette, Erik, Olivier Bahn, and Kathleen Vaillancourt. "Meat, Dairy and Climate Change: Assessing the Long-Term Mitigation Potential of Alternative Agri-Food Consumption Patterns in Canada." Environmental Modeling & Assessment 22, no. 1 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10666-016-9522-6.

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Do, Quang Van, Hong Xuan Do, Nhu Cuong Do, and An Le Ngo. "Changes in Precipitation Extremes across Vietnam and Its Relationships with Teleconnection Patterns of the Northern Hemisphere." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061646.

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Understanding changes in precipitation extremes is critical for designing mitigation measures for the potential implications of a warming climate. This study assessed changes in the magnitude and frequency of precipitation extremes over Vietnam using high-quality gridded daily precipitation observations from 1980 to 2010. The annual maxima precipitation was analyzed to detect historical changes in the magnitude of precipitation extremes, while the number of heavy precipitation events, defined using the peak-over-threshold approach, was used to assess changes in the frequency of precipitation e

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Calvetti, Daniela, Alexander P. Hoover, Johnie Rose, and Erkki Somersalo. "Modeling Epidemic Spread among a Commuting Population Using Transport Schemes." Mathematics 9, no. 16 (2021): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9161861.

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Understanding the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 between connected communities is fundamental in planning appropriate mitigation measures. To that end, we propose and analyze a novel metapopulation network model, particularly suitable for modeling commuter traffic patterns, that takes into account the connectivity between a heterogeneous set of communities, each with its own infection dynamics. In the novel metapopulation model that we propose here, transport schemes developed in optimal transport theory provide an efficient and easily implementable way of describing the temporary populati

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Rezaie-Balf, Mohammad, Sajad Fani Nowbandegani, S. Zahra Samadi, Hossein Fallah, and Sina Alaghmand. "An Ensemble Decomposition-Based Artificial Intelligence Approach for Daily Streamflow Prediction." Water 11, no. 4 (2019): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040709.

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Accurate prediction of daily streamflow plays an essential role in various applications of water resources engineering, such as flood mitigation and urban and agricultural planning. This study investigated a hybrid ensemble decomposition technique based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) with gene expression programming (GEP) and random forest regression (RFR) algorithms for daily streamflow simulation across three mountainous stations, Siira, Bilghan, and Gachsar, in Karaj, Iran. To determine the appropriate corresponding input variables w

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Sanz-Gorrachategui, Iván, Carlos Bernal Ruiz, Estanis Oyarbide Usabiaga, et al. "Partial State-of-Charge Mitigation in Standalone Photovoltaic Hybrid Storage Systems." Energies 12, no. 22 (2019): 4393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224393.

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Energy Storage in photovoltaic installations has increased in popularity in recent years due to the improvement in solar panel technology and energy storage systems. In several places where the grid is not available, in remote isolated rural locations or developing countries, isolated photovoltaic installations are one of the main options to power DC micro-grids. In these scenarios, energy storage elements are mandatory due to the natural day-night cycles and low irradiation periods. Traditionally, lead-acid batteries have been responsible for this task, due to their availability and low cost.

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Zhou, Tao-Yun, Bao-Wang Lian, Yi Zhang, and Sen Liu. "Amp-Phi: A CSI-Based Indoor Positioning System." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 09 (2018): 1858005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418580053.

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With rapid growth in the demand of location-based services (LBS) in indoor environments, localizations based on fingerprinting have attracted significant interest due to their convenience. Until now, most such methods were based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI), which is vulnerable to non-line-of-sight (NLOS). In order to realize high-precision indoor positioning, we propose a channel state information (CSI)-based Amp-Phi indoor-positioning system which exploits the amplitude and phase information of CSI at the same time to establish a fingerprinting database. Firstly, according to

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Grjibovski, Andrej, Gulmira Kozhakhmetova, Aliya Kosbayeva, and Bettina Menne. "Associations Between Air Temperature and Daily Suicide Counts in Astana, Kazakhstan." Medicina 49, no. 8 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina49080059.

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Background and Objective. Seasonal variations in suicide mortality and its association with ambient air temperature have been observed in many countries. However, the evidence from Central Asia is scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between 4 indicators of air temperature and daily suicide counts in Astana, Kazakhstan. Material and Methods. The daily counts of suicides (ICD-10 codes, X60–X84) for the population of Astana in 2005–2010 were collected using death certificates and medical records at the Municipal Bureau of Forensic Medicine. Associations between the number

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Feldl, Nicole, and Gerard H. Roe. "Climate Variability and the Shape of Daily Precipitation: A Case Study of ENSO and the American West." Journal of Climate 24, no. 10 (2011): 2483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3555.1.

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Abstract Characterizing the relationship between large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and the shape of the daily precipitation distribution is fundamental to understanding how dynamical changes are manifest in the hydrological cycle, and it is also relevant to issues such as natural hazard mitigation and reservoir management. This relationship is pursued using ENSO variability and the American West as a case study. When considering the full range of wintertime precipitation and consistent with conventional wisdom, mean precipitation intensity is enhanced during El Niño relative to La N

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Jiménez-Ocampo, Rafael, Sara Valencia-Salazar, Carmen Elisa Pinzón-Díaz, et al. "The Role of Chitosan as a Possible Agent for Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants." Animals 9, no. 11 (2019): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110942.

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Livestock production is a main source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). The main gases are CH4 with a global warming potential (GWP) 25 times and nitrous oxide (N2O) with a GWP 298 times, that of carbon dioxide (CO2) arising from enteric fermentation or from manure management, respectively. In fact, CH4 is the second most important GHG emitted globally. This current scenario has increased the concerns about global warming and encouraged the development of intensive research on different natural compounds to be used as feed additives in ruminant rations and modify the rumen ecosystem, fe

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Saxe-Custack, Amy, Jenny LaChance, Mona Hanna-Attisha, and Tiffany Ceja. "Fruit and Vegetable Prescriptions for Pediatric Patients Living in Flint, Michigan: A Cross-Sectional Study of Food Security and Dietary Patterns at Baseline." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (2019): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061423.

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Though fruit and vegetable consumption is essential for disease prevention and health maintenance, intake among children fails to meet dietary recommendations. Limited access to and the affordability of fresh produce, particularly among low-income youth, are barriers to adequate intake. To address these challenges, researchers and pediatricians in Flint, Michigan, expanded a successful fruit and vegetable prescription program that provides one $15 prescription for fresh fruits and vegetables to every child at every office visit. Vendors include the downtown farmers’ market and a local mobile m

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Das, M., and S. K. Ghosh. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE USING MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-4/W2 (July 14, 2015): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-4-w2-185-2015.

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Of late, significant changes in climate with their grave consequences have posed great challenges on humankind. Thus, the detection and assessment of climatic changes on a regional scale is gaining importance, since it helps to adopt adequate mitigation and adaptation measures. In this paper, we have presented a novel approach for detecting spatio-temporal pattern of regional climate change by exploiting the theory of <i>mathematical morphology</i>. At first, the various climatic zones in the region have been identified by using <i>multifractal cross-correlation analysis</

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Lee, Whanhee, Seung-Sik Hwang, Insung Song, et al. "COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 4 (2020): 1106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa119.

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Abstract Background South Korea experienced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in the early period; thus data from this country could provide significant implications for global mitigation strategies. This study reports how COVID-19 has spread in South Korea and examines the effects of rapid widespread diagnostic testing on the spread of the disease in the early epidemic phase. Methods We collected daily data on the number of confirmed cases, tests and deaths due to COVID-19 from 20 January to 13 April 2020. We estimated the spread pattern with a logistic growth model, calculate

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Bates, Toni, Christa Stutz, and Daniel Boyle. "Replacing Parking with Transit: Evaluation of Bus Service to Offset Parking Loss During Construction of Light Rail Extension at San Diego State University." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1704, no. 1 (2000): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1704-10.

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The San Diego State University (SDSU) bus service analysis study was undertaken to address two related issues—mitigation of the parking impacts of Mission Valley East (MVE) light rail transit (LRT) line construction at SDSU and the potential for “trolley emulation” service in advance of the opening of the extension. The study was undertaken to develop cost-effective bus service options to meet immediate mitigation needs and encourage travel patterns and ridership in the MVE corridor. The Metropolitan Transit Development Board estimates that 940 spaces in five campus lots will be affected by MV

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Cottle, David, and Richard Eckard. "Modelling the reduction in enteric methane from voluntary intake versus controlled individual animal intake of lipid or nitrate supplements." Animal Production Science 54, no. 12 (2014): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14464.

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In 2011, the Australian government introduced a voluntary carbon offset scheme called the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI), which provides an incentive mechanism for farmers to earn carbon credits by lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or sequestering carbon. In Australia, there is now interest in developing offset methods for controlled feeding of lipids or nitrates to livestock, where individual animal daily supplement intake is controlled and recorded. Carbon offset methodologies are being drafted that require the impact of voluntary versus controlled feeding of these supplements on meth

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Thomas, Amy, Leon Danon, Hannah Christensen, et al. "Limits of lockdown: characterising essential contacts during strict physical distancing." Wellcome Open Research 6 (May 14, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16785.1.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed health inequalities within countries and globally. The fundamental determining factor behind an individual’s risk of infection is the number of social contacts they make. In many countries, physical distancing measures have been implemented to control transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), reducing social contacts to a minimum. We characterise social contacts to understand the drivers and inequalities behind differential risks for aiding in planning SARS-CoV-2 mitigation programmes. Methods: We u

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Gufe, C., V. Bokosha, J. Marumure, et al. "Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mastitogenic Bacteria Isolated From Clinical Mastitis Cows in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe." Tanzania Veterinary Journal 35, no. 2 (2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v35i2.2.

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Mastitis is a global challenge for the dairy industry and mastitogenic bacteria play a critical role among other causes. Many mastitogenic bacteria are becoming resistant to single or combination antibiotic therapy, making mastitis cases difficult to cure. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence on the occurrence and antibiotic resistance patterns of mastitogenic bacteria in commercial dairy and communal farms in the Midland Province of Zimbabwe that might support a holistic approach to mastitis mitigation. A cross-sectional study aimed to isolate and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibilit

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Minaudo, C., M. Meybeck, F. Moatar, N. Gassama, and F. Curie. "Eutrophication mitigation in rivers: 30 years of trends in spatial and seasonal patterns of biogeochemistry of the Loire River (1980–2012)." Biogeosciences 12, no. 8 (2015): 2549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2549-2015.

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Abstract. Trends and seasonality analysis from 1980 onward and longitudinal distribution, from headwaters to estuary, of chlorophyll a, nitrate and phosphate were investigated in the eutrophic Loire River. The continuous decline of phosphate concentrations which has been recorded since 1991 both in the main river and in the tributaries has led to the conclusion that it was responsible for the significant reduction in phytoplanktonic biomass across the whole river system, although Corbicula spp. clams invaded the river during the same period and probably played a significant role in the phytopl

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Morar, Cezar, Tin Lukić, Biljana Basarin, et al. "Shaping Sustainable Urban Environments by Addressing the Hydro-Meteorological Factors in Landslide Occurrence: Ciuperca Hill (Oradea, Romania)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 5022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095022.

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Romania is one of the countries severely affected by numerous natural hazards, where landslides constitute a very common geomorphic hazard with strong economic and social impacts. The analyzed area, known as the “Ciuperca Hill”, is located in Oradea (NW part of Romania) and it has experienced a number of landsliding events in previous years, which have endangered anthropogenic systems. Our investigation, focused on the main causal factors, determined that landslide events have rather complex components, reflected in the joint climatological characteristics, properties of the geological substra

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Oliveira, Daniela Souza de, Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa, Luiza Marchezan Bezerra, Ana Maria Heuminski de Avila, and Eliana Cotta de Faria. "Hotter, Longer and More Frequent Heatwaves: An Observational Study for the Brazilian City of Campinas, SP." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 36, no. 2 (2021): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863620119.

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Abstract Worldwide there is accumulated evidence of heatwave intensification due to climate change. Regional differences in the effects of heatwaves require local studies to implement public mitigation and adaptation strategies. This work analyzes and characterizes heatwaves’ occurrence for the city of Campinas, Brazil, through an observational study from 1956 to 2018. The definition of heatwaves adopted requires that the maximum and minimum daily temperatures be above the daily limits derived from climate normal 1961-1990. The annual and seasonal metrics of the number, frequency, and heatwave

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Drewry, Jessica L., J. Mark Powell, and Christopher Y. Choi. "Design and Calibration of Chambers for the Measurement of Housed Dairy Cow Gaseous Emissions." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 4 (2017): 1291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12046.

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Abstract. The increased global demand for milk and other dairy products over the past decade has heightened concerns about the potential for increased environmental impacts. Accurate measurement of gas emissions from dairy cows is essential to assess the effects of cow diets and other management practices on both the composition and rate of gas emissions. In this article, methodologies are described to instrument, calibrate, and assess the uncertainty of gas emissions by cows housed in chambers that simulate production settings. The supply and exhaust ducts of each chamber were equipped with p

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Ahmed, M. A., A. T. Olowosulu, B. K. Adeogun, A. A. Murana, H. A. Ahmed, and I. M. Sanni. "Development of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Curve for Abuja, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 1 (2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i1.20.

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Urban flooding is a major social and economic problem of any nation. The social implication is attributed to loss of lives and property, unwanted displacement and emotional disturbance attached. While that of economic problem is the cost of mitigation of flood and the aftermath solution. Thus, storm water drainage is part of essential modern city infrastructure. The need for proper analysis and design of drainages and other road water facilities cannot be overemphasized. To achieve this, critical analysis of available rainfall data, which is a key input, is required. A 35 years daily rainfall

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Kurniawan, Teguh, Craig A. Baguley, Udaya K. Madawala, Suwarno Suwarno, Nanang Hariyanto, and Yuana Adianto. "An Electric Vehicle Charge Scheduling Approach Suited to Local and Supplying Distribution Transformers." Energies 13, no. 13 (2020): 3486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133486.

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Distribution networks with high electric vehicle (EV) penetration levels can experience transformer overloading and voltage instability issues. A charge scheduling approach is proposed to mitigate against these issues that suits smart home settings in residential areas. It comprises measurement systems located at distribution transformers that communicate directly with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) systems embedded within EV supply equipment (EVSE). This realizes a reduction in data processing requirements compared to more centralized control approaches, which is advantageous for distribution n

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Wu, Benson, Mohammad Usama Toseef, Wassim Tarraf, et al. "Longitudinal Daily Living Limitations and Cognitive Status: Results from the 1998-2016 Health and Retirement Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3306.

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Abstract Data increasingly points to midlife health and modifiable risk factors as critical targets for improving older-age health outcomes and mitigating potential cognitive impairment and disease. We used biennial Health and Retirement Study data (1998-2016) collected on adults ages 50-64 years who did not meet criteria for dementia at baseline and who remained living by 2016 (unweighted-n=4,803). Cognitive status was defined using Langa-Weir criteria: Normal, Cognitively Impaired Not Dementia (CIND), and Dementia. We examined how 18-year patterns in activities of daily living (ADLs) and ins

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Kharel, Gehendra, and Andrei Kirilenko. "Comparing CMIP-3 and CMIP-5 climate projections on flooding estimation of Devils Lake of North Dakota, USA." PeerJ 6 (April 30, 2018): e4711. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4711.

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BackgroundWater level fluctuations in endorheic lakes are highly susceptible to even slight changes in climate and land use. Devils Lake (DL) in North Dakota, USA is an endorheic system that has undergone multi-decade flooding driven by changes in regional climate. Flooding mitigation strategies have centered on the release of lake water to a nearby river system through artificial outlets, resulting in legal challenges and environmental concerns related to water quality, downstream flooding, species migration, stakeholder opposition, and transboundary water conflicts between the US and Canada.

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Pinchoff, Jessie, Cara Kraus-Perrotta, Karen Austrian, et al. "Mobility Patterns During COVID-19 Travel Restrictions in Nairobi Urban Informal Settlements: Who Is Leaving Home and Why." Journal of Urban Health 98, no. 2 (2021): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00507-w.

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AbstractNairobi’s urban slums are ill equipped to prevent spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to high population density, multigenerational families in poorly ventilated informal housing, and poor sanitation. Physical distancing policies, curfews, and a citywide lockdown were implemented in March and April 2020 resulting in sharp decreases in movement across the city. However, most people cannot afford to stay home completely (e.g., leaving daily to fetch water). If still employed, they may need to travel longer distances for work, potentially exposing them COVID-19 or contr

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Lavers, Jennifer L., and Alexander L. Bond. "Exceptional and rapid accumulation of anthropogenic debris on one of the world’s most remote and pristine islands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (2017): 6052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619818114.

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In just over half a century plastic products have revolutionized human society and have infiltrated terrestrial and marine environments in every corner of the globe. The hazard plastic debris poses to biodiversity is well established, but mitigation and planning are often hampered by a lack of quantitative data on accumulation patterns. Here we document the amount of debris and rate of accumulation on Henderson Island, a remote, uninhabited island in the South Pacific. The density of debris was the highest reported anywhere in the world, up to 671.6 items/m2(mean ± SD: 239.4 ± 347.3 items/m2)

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Lee, Sang-Min, and Seung-Ki Min. "Heat Stress Changes over East Asia under 1.5° and 2.0°C Global Warming Targets." Journal of Climate 31, no. 7 (2018): 2819–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0449.1.

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This study provides a first quantification of possible benefits of global warming mitigation through heat stress reduction over East Asia by comparing projection results between low-emission and high-emission scenarios, as well as between 1.5° and 2.0°C target temperature conditions. Future changes in summer heat stress over East Asia were examined based on the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) using CMIP5 multimodel simulations. Changes in the intensity, frequency, and duration of heat stress were analyzed in terms of area fraction across RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios and also between

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Smoliak, Brian V., Peter K. Snyder, Tracy E. Twine, Phillip M. Mykleby, and William F. Hertel. "Dense Network Observations of the Twin Cities Canopy-Layer Urban Heat Island." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 9 (2015): 1899–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0239.1.

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AbstractData from a dense urban meteorological network (UMN) are analyzed, revealing the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of the Twin Cities (Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota) canopy-layer urban heat island (UHI). Data from individual sensors represent surface air temperature (SAT) across a variety of local climate zones within a 5000-km2 area and span the 3-yr period from 1 August 2011 to 1 August 2014. Irregularly spaced data are interpolated to a uniform 1 km × 1 km grid using two statistical methods: 1) kriging and 2) cokriging with impervious surface area data. The cokriged S

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Eanes, Andre M., Todd R. Lookingbill, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Kelly C. Saverino, and Stephen S. Fong. "Assessing Inequitable Urban Heat Islands and Air Pollution Disparities with Low-Cost Sensors in Richmond, Virginia." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 10089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310089.

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Air pollution and the urban heat island effect are consistently linked to numerous respiratory and heat-related illnesses. Additionally, these stressors disproportionately impact low-income and historically marginalized communities due to their proximity to emissions sources, lack of access to green space, and exposure to other adverse environmental conditions. Here, we use relatively low-cost stationary sensors to analyze PM2.5 and temperature data throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the ten hottest days of 2019. For both hourly means within the ten hottest days of 2019 and daily me

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Freni, Gabriele, and Lorena Liuzzo. "Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas." Water 11, no. 7 (2019): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071389.

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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have many benefits being an effective alternative water supply solution, not only in arid and semi-arid regions. Also, these systems can be useful in the reduction of flood risk in urban areas. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH in reducing water consumption, whereas few examples examined their efficiency in the retention of stormwater in flood-susceptible residential areas. The aim of this work was to investigate the reliability of RWH systems in terms of stormwater retention. Specifically, the performance of RWH

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Luppicini, Rocci, and Victoria Aceti. "Exploring the Effect of mHealth Technologies on Communication and Information Sharing in a Pediatric Critical Care Unit." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 6, no. 3 (2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2011070101.

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Communication and information sharing is an important aspect of healthcare information technology and mHealth management. A main requirement in the quality of patient care is the ability of all health care participants to communicate. Research illustrates that the complexity of communicating within the health care system hinders the quality of health care service delivery. Health informatics have been touted as a way to improve communication deficiencies, which has led to the exponential growth of health informatics integration. However, research still lags in understanding how health informat

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Setyowati, Rr Diah Nugraheni, and Fajar Susilowati. "PENDEKATAN MITIGASI DAN ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM MELALUI REKLAMASI LAHAN DAN KONSERVASI AIR." Construction and Material Journal 1, no. 3 (2019): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/cmj.v1i3.2424.

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AbstractClimate change is a condition of temperature change and rainfall distribution. Extreme climate events or anomalies such as very high rainfall intensity in short time cause floods and landslides. There is no rain in a long time that will cause drought. Flood and landslide disasters are a form of hydrological disaster in this study. The approach to mitigation and adaptation to climate change focused on how to prevent the occurrence of hydrological disasters, namely land reclamation and water conservation. The method of this research was descriptive research. Descriptive research methods

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Zhang, Ziyuan, Baojun Zhang, and Zhongquan Li. "Price Discrepancy Between Sellers and Buyers When Making Decisions for the Self and Others." Psychological Reports 118, no. 3 (2016): 889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116649144.

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In daily life, people make decisions not only for themselves but also on behalf of others. There may be differences in terms of the endowment effect when making decisions in these two situations. In Study 1, this question was investigated with an existing dataset exploring the traditional endowment effect, in which 86 students ( M age = 20.8 years, SD = 5.0) at Harvard University were asked to make a decision on selling or buying a coffee mug for themselves or for others as brokers. When making decisions for the self, the average price demanded by sellers was much higher than that offered by b

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Nath, Debashis, Keerthi Sasikumar, Reshmita Nath, and Wen Chen. "Factors Affecting COVID-19 Outbreaks across the Globe: Role of Extreme Climate Change." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063029.

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious threat to global health system and economy. It was first reported in Wuhan, China, and later appeared in Central Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. The spatial COVID-19 distribution pattern highly resembles the global population distribution and international travel routes. We select 48 cities in 16 countries across 4 continents having infection counts higher than 10,000 (by 25 April 2020) as the COVID-19 epicenters. At the initial stage, daily COVID-19 counts co-varies strongly with local temperature and humidity, w

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Karelus, Dana L., J. Walter McCown, Brian K. Scheick, Madelon van de Kerk, Benjamin M. Bolker, and Madan K. Oli. "Effects of environmental factors and landscape features on movement patterns of Florida black bears." Journal of Mammalogy 98, no. 5 (2017): 1463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx066.

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Abstract A greater understanding of how environmental factors and anthropogenic landscape features influence animal movements can inform management and potentially aid in mitigating human–wildlife conflicts. We investigated the movement patterns of 16 Florida black bears (Ursus americanus floridanus; 6 females, 10 males) in north-central Florida at multiple temporal scales using GPS data collected from 2011 to 2014. We calculated bi-hourly step-lengths and directional persistence, as well as daily and weekly observed displacements and expected displacements. We used those movement metrics as r

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Flanagan, Paul X., Jeffrey B. Basara, Jason C. Furtado, and Xiangming Xiao. "Primary Atmospheric Drivers of Pluvial Years in the United States Great Plains." Journal of Hydrometeorology 19, no. 4 (2018): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0148.1.

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Abstract Precipitation variability has increased in recent decades across the Great Plains (GP) of the United States. Drought and its associated drivers have been studied in the GP region; however, periods of excessive precipitation (pluvials) at seasonal to interannual scales have received less attention. This study narrows this knowledge gap with the overall goal of understanding GP precipitation variability during pluvial periods. Through composites of relevant atmospheric variables from the ECMWF twentieth-century reanalysis (ERA-20C), key differences between southern Great Plains (SGP) an

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Soulis, Konstantinos X., Emmanouil Psomiadis, Paraskevi Londra, and Dimitris Skuras. "A New Model-Based Approach for the Evaluation of the Net Contribution of the European Union Rural Development Program to the Reduction of Water Abstractions in Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177137.

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Agriculture is an essential driving force in water resources management and has a central role in the European Union’s Rural Development Programme (RDP). In this study, the solution developed addresses countries characterised by relatively small farms, vast spatial and temporal variability and severe data scarcity. The proposed model-based approach is directly relevant to the evaluation of agricultural policies affecting water abstraction based on multisource data. The evaluation process utilises an entirely spatially distributed, continuous hydrological model. The model provides a gridded out

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Islam, M., Nynke Hofstra, and Ekaterina Sokolova. "Modelling the Present and Future Water Level and Discharge of the Tidal Betna River." Geosciences 8, no. 8 (2018): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080271.

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Climate change, comprising of changes in precipitation patterns, higher temperatures and sea level rises, increases the likelihood of future flooding in the Betna River basin, Bangladesh. Hydrodynamic modelling was performed to simulate the present and future water level and discharge for different scenarios using bias-corrected, downscaled data from two general circulation models. The modelling results indicated that, compared to the baseline year (2014–2015), the water level is expected to increase by 11–16% by the 2040s and 14–23% by the 2090s, and the monsoon daily maximum discharge is exp

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Hill, I. D. C., C. A. Rossi, S. O. Petrovan, M. Hartup, F. Clark, and J. R. Downie. "Mitigating the effects of a road on amphibian migrations: a Scottish case study of road tunnels." Glasgow Naturalist 27, Supplement (2018): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27s06.

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The ever-growing pace of road construction worldwide has become a serious concern for wildlife and natural habitats, resulting in habitat fragmentation and increasing wildlife road fatalities. For amphibians, which are undergoing population declines worldwide, mitigation measures such as road under-passages linked to amphibian-proof fencing may be an effective conservation tool, aiming to reconnect natural habitats and reduce wildlife fatalities. This study assessed the efficacy of road tunnels in a recently developed area by Frankfield Loch, Stepps, North Lanarkshire. Three amphibian tunnels,

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Maghsood, Fatemeh Fadia, Hamidreza Moradi, Ali Reza Massah Bavani, Mostafa Panahi, Ronny Berndtsson, and Hossein Hashemi. "Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios." Water 11, no. 2 (2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020273.

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This study assessed the impact of climate change on flood frequency and flood source area at basin scale considering Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 General Circulation Models (CMIP5 GCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5). For this purpose, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was calibrated and validated for the Talar River Basin in northern Iran. Four empirical approaches including the Sangal, Fill–Steiner, Fuller, and Slope-based methods were used to estimate the Instantaneous Peak Flow (IPF) on a daily basis

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