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1
Abuladze, Vissarion. "Numerical analysis and shape optimisation of concrete gravity dams." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336375.
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The Finite Element and Boundary Element Methods are both well established numerical techniques for analysing a wide range of engineering problems. In the present thesis these numerical techniques are used for obtaining a more realistic picture of various characteristics of concrete gravity dams. The present work addresses the behaviour of gravity dams under static loading, and the developed analysis procedure/computer package can cater for a wide range of dam characteristics including: the three-dimensional behaviour of a gravity dam-foundation-abutments system; the non-linear behaviour of a dam and foundation materials; the sequential construction of a dam and impounding of the reservoir loading on the structure; the effect on stresses of interfaces and joints existing between a dam and its foundation, and in the body of a dam itself; the action of pore water pressure within the foundation, at the dam-foundation interface, and in the body of a gravity dam; etc. Using the purpose written computer package which can cater (in an efficient and accurate way) for the influence of all such factors, mathematical programming methods are, then, used to produce a powerful tool for the shape optimisation of gravity dams leading to safe, functional and economical solutions to the problem. In the course of developing the computer program, much care has been exercised as regards the appropriate selection of the finite element types, mesh configurations and mesh densities, in order to reflect (in an efficient fashion) the variation of stress gradients in the body of a gravity dam. In order to reduce high costs associated with a full three-dimensional analysis, a rather efficient method is developed which enables one to carry out equivalent twodimensional computer runs which will effectively simulate the actual three-dimensional behaviour of gravity dams in, for example, narrow valleys. The proposed approach reduces the dimensionality of an actual problem by one, thus, eliminating the main disadvantage of the finite element method in terms of high solution costs for threedimensional problems. As a result, the proposed method makes the solution procedure highly cost effective. By coupling the finite element-boundary element (FEBE) techniques, which can cater for the material non-linearities in the appropriate regions of the foundation, an attempt is made to by-pass the individual disadvantages of both these numerical techniques. It has, then, been possible to exploit the advantages of reducing the dimensionality of the foundation region by one using the boundary element technique, and, hence, come up with significant savings in terms of computer running times. Anisotropic tangent constitutive models for plain concrete under a general state of biaxial static monotonic loading for, both, plane-stress and plane-strain states of stresses are proposed which are simple in nature, and use data readily available from uniaxial tests. These models have been implemented into the computer program which is, then, used to investigate the influence of the step-by-step construction of the dam and the sequential impoundment of the reservoir loading on the state of stresses. The non-linear program is also used to analyse various characteristics of Bratsk concrete gravity darn (in Russia). The correlations between the numerical results and extensive field measurements on this darn, have been found to be encouraging. Isoparametric quadratic interface finite elements for analysing the darnfoundation interaction problem have also been developed. These elements have zero thickness and are based on an extension of the linear interface elements reported by others. The numerical problems of ill-conditioning (usually associated with zero thickness elements) are critically investigated using test examples, and have been found to be due to inadequate finite element mesh design. Non-linear elastic tangent constitutive models for simulating the shear stress-relative displacement behaviour of interfaces have also been developed, and are used to analyse the effects of including interface elements at the dam-foundation region of contact. It is shown that the inclusion of interface elements in the numerical analyses of the dam-foundation system leads to rather significant changes in the magnitudes of the critical tensile stresses acting at the heel of the dam, which have previously been evaluated (by others) using a rigid dam-foundation interconnection scheme. Effects of pore water pressure, acting as a body force throughout the foundation, the dam-foundation interface and the body of a gravity dam, are also critically studied, with the pore pressure values predicted by seepage analysis. Using an extensive set of numerical studies, a number of previously unresolved issues as regards the influence of pore pressures on the state of stresses are clarified. The effect of drainage on the state of stresses within the body of a dam is investigated, and an insight is also given into the effect of the uplift acting at the lift lines between successive layers of Roller Compacted Concrete (ReC) dams. A shape optimisation procedure for gravity dams based on the penalty function method and a sequential unconstrained minimisation technique is also developed. A number of shape optimisations of idealised gravity dams are carried out in order to compare the numerical results with previously available analytical solutions. The present work also caters for the effects of foundation elasticity and uplift on the optimal shape of a gravity dam. A numerical example is provided covering the shape optimisation of a hollow gravity dam. Finally, the shape optimisation of an actual dam (i.e. Tvishi gravity dam in Georgia) using the presently proposed procedures is carried out with the fmal results compared with those available from the project design team. Wherever possible. numerical outputs have been checked against available small or full scale test data or previously reported closed form solutions. Throughout this thesis very encouraging correlations between the present predictions and such experimental and theoretical data have been obtained.
2
Hy, Henrik, and Viktor Hällqvist. "Safety Analysis of Longtan High Dam Considering the Construction Process." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123289.
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To manage China’s growing demands of electricity, more and larger dams could be a part of the solution. It is important to evaluate and perform safety analysis for existing dams, in order to improve our understanding and knowledge about future dams. In this master thesis, a safety research of Longtan Dam on the Hongshui River in China was analysed. The main objectives in this research were to construct a 3D model and determine the critical points of large stress, strain and yield area in the dam for different cases.The factor of safety for sliding when primary loads were acting on the dam was calculated to be 0.50 for the non-overflow section of the dam and 0.48 for the overflow section. A safety factor against overturning was also calculated for the non-overflow and overflow section to 2.24 and 1.96 respectively. The results showed that the dam was safe from both sliding and overturning. The numerical results for distribution of stress, strain and yield area were simulated in 3D models by using ANSYS, a finite element program. Several cases for non-overflow and overflow sections of Longtan Dam were analysed for different heights and load combinations. For the first three cases where only self-weight was applied on the dam, high impacts of stress and strain were located at the dam heel, toe and at the largest maintenance tunnel of the dam. Appearance of plastic strain was also found around these areas. However, when primary loads were applied to the dam sections, the values of stress and strain became larger, especially in the toe area. In the last case when the dam was subjected to seismic activity, the distribution of stress and strain along the z-direction (along the dam) showed an uneven distribution, hence showing the importance of simulation in 3D.
3
McMullen, Thomas M. "The St. Francis Dam collapse and its impact on the construction of the Hoover Dam." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1672.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
4
Tauro, Flavia. "Chilean glacial lake outburst flood impacts on dam construction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53086.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-82).
Four Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) occurred in the Colonia Glacier (Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile) from April 2008 to March 2009. Lago Cachet 2 emptied four times producing a maximum excess discharge in the downstream Rio Baker of about 2,500 m3/s. These events have occurred at the same time as the proposal by HidroAysen to install two dams on the Rio Baker to produce hydropower. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the GLOF mechanisms and to estimate the magnitude of outburst flows to better understand their effect on the feasibility of the HidroAysen project. A temperature balance model for Lago Cachet 2 is developed to estimate the lake temperature before an outburst. These temperatures become inputs for the modified Clarke's model that predicts peak discharge of the lake given its geometry. The temperature model gave a lake temperature in January equal to 7.4 °C degrees that produces a peak discharge of approximately 2,000 m3/s, somewhat lower than the one registered at the confluence of the Rio Colonia with the Rio Baker (the station registered a peak discharge of 2,500 m3/s). A sensitivity analysis of the model to the various inputs suggests that model accuracy could be improved with more information about the geometry of Lago Cachet 2 and meteorological data. The study also illustrates how air temperature influences the melting of the Colonia Glacier and how the temperature trend is responsible for the GLOF frequency. A possible future scenario is proposed for Lago Cachet 2.
by Flavia Tauro.
M.Eng.
5
Du, Xizhen. "Impact of channelization and dam construction on Kaskaskia River morphology /." available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240701631&sid=24&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Navarro, Lérida Alfonso. "Construction of a dam over the Escartana gully close to Albacete, Spain." Thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96307.
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The main aim of this Master Thesis is the design of several hydraulic structures to decrease as much as possible the huge flooding caused by the Escartana gully which drains its water towards the city of Albacete (Spain) and its surrounding areas, affecting to their inhabitants; and causing huge material damages in residential and industrial areas, and loss of crops in nearby farmland. Some alternatives such as embankment dams with or without drainage systems inside the dam body and a roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dam have been proposed to be built, being necessary to carry out a multicriteria analysis in order to decide which alternative has the best fit according to the analyzed features of the region. The alternative chosen to be developed was the RCC dam for the advantages of this typology, currently in development and implantation in some countries like Spain. For this reason, a RCC dam is planned to be built some kilometers upstream of these areas, with the objective of controlling the future floods coming from this watershed by decreasing its peak flow. In order to increase the beneficial effects of the construction of the dam, a channel downstream is also designed to drain the discharged overflows by the drainage systems of the dam towards a natural endorheic area, the Salobral Lagoon (currently dried-up), located 13 kilometers downstream of the dam’s location. This lagoon is connected hydraulically to the drainage network of Albacete by means of the Salobral channel and due to its huge storage capacity, it allows to reduce substantially the peak flows over the Salobral channel avoiding the dangerous flooding and potential damages caused by them. As a result of the projected hydraulic structures, Albacete and its surrounding areas would increase substantially their protection against the floods coming from the Escartana watershed.
7
Lehema, Reitumetse Elizabeth. "Large dam development and displacement : understanding reasons and dynamics for conflict over construction of Polihali dam in Mokhotlong District." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78026.
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This dissertation explores the reasons behind the impasse over the implementation of the LHWP II between communities affected by the construction of the Polihali Dam in Mokhotlong District in Lesotho and the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority. This conflict which has threatened the implementation of the project has been looked at in terms of disagreements over the compensation package for the displacement and losses. Using an actor-oriented approach, the contention was that explanations of the impasse should go further than the simplistic explanations of compensation and non-compensation, but should focus on the dynamics of interaction between different actors involved in the Polihali case. The investigation of the particular context of the Phase II implementation reveals a complex arena; where different actors are pursuing different agendas and using the power at their disposal to achieve these agendas eventually struggled to find common ground.
It also reveals a need to incorporate the perspective of these actors into any explanation of the impasse. Using this approach, the investigation identifies several factors of which the compensation package is only a part which contributed to the conflict. Chief among these factors was how the LHDA handled the situation. Dislocations are traumatic experiences and require that those affected should be fully involved in decisions that affect their situation, yet the LHDA engagement failed on the basic participation principles. The authority modelled its approach to community engagement on tokenism and allowed people’s consultation, but disregarded their inputs in the final decision making. This resulted in a skewed understanding of society and losses resulting from dam construction, which caused tensions between the authority and the communities.
Therefore, this dissertation concludes that; while compensation was certainly a significant aspect in the impasse, the gap between what was compensated and expectations reflects a general lack of knowledge of society and the social dynamics guiding life in these societies, which arose from the failure of the approach adopted by the LHDA. The study therefore advocates a search for a new rural development narrative that will move away from assumption about the viability of small family farms. It also reveals a need to incorporate people affected by large dam development in all aspects of the project that affect their lives.Dissertation(MSocSci (Development Studies))--University of Pretoria 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
MSocSci (Development Studies)
Unrestricted
8
Elmore, Andrew Curtis 1964. "A finite element investigation of flow through an earth dam with open cracks using thin element technique." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276897.
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The residual flow procedure (RFP) is used to conjunction with finite element method for solution of steady state free surface seepage in dams containing open cracks. The cracks are simulated using the thin-layer element concept. A comprehensive parametric study is performed to analyze the applicability of the numerical procedure with the thin layer element. Here, vertically trending as well as horizontally trending open cracks are considered with variable lengths, widths, and conductivities. It is found that the numerical results involve oscillatory, unstable, and physically unreasonable behavior beyond critical values of the geometry and conductivities. Here, the vertically trending configurations are found to be relatively more sensitive than the horizontally trending configurations. Although additional research will be needed to analyze other factors such as different crack geometries, transient flow, and different ratios of crack conductivities to surrounding soil conductivities, the results presented here suggest that the procedure can be applied for seepage analysis in dams containing open cracks.
9
Wickboldt, Walter Charles 1942. "SITE INVESTIGATION, DESIGN ANALYSIS AND CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS FOR NEW SPILLWAY CONSTRUCTION, FRANCIS E. WALTER DAM, CARBON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (GEOLOGIC MAPPING, SLOPE STABILITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276737.
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Kamoyo, Memory. "A review of the use of scientific knowledge in environmental impact assessment reports for dam construction." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421468.
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It is estimated that 3,700 major dams are either planned or under construction, notably in developing countries. Dams can pose a threat to fish diversity, as one of the biggest impacts of damming is habitat fragmentation. Damming causes the isolation of small fish habitats, which reduces genetic diversity and expose fish species to vulnerability of local extinction, hence habitat fragmentation is one of the causes of biological loss. There are tools, which are used to balance between development and biodiversity conservation. One of the tools, which is commonly used, is environmental impact assessment (EIA). EIA uses both science and political knowledge. Science knowledge is important in EIA process as it is required to generate reliable baseline information, impact prediction and effective proposed mitigation. However, no studies have investigated the extent of the use of science knowledge in EIA for hydropower dams in Southern Africa. The purpose of this study is to examine the usage of scientific knowledge in environmental impact statements (EIS), focusing on EISs of dam construction on the impact of habitat fragmentation in fish. Ten EISs were collected from Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe. These countries were chosen because they are the hotspots for hydropower planning. I conducted EIS quality review to answer the research purpose. I adopted and used EIS quality review package, which was developed by Lee and Colley (1991), to assess the content and quality of EISs. The results show that the use of science knowledge varies from one EIS to the other, and from one area of review to the other. The baseline and mitigation areas of EISs aligned with the scientific consensus the best, while the identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts area is generally unsatisfactory. Overall, six EISs out of ten EISs use science in a satisfactory way, and four EISs are unsatisfactory, meaning they attempted or completely omitted methods for assessing the ecological concept of fragmentation. I recommend a comprehensive study to review the use biodiversity concepts and methods in EISs for all the dams in southern Africa.
11
Tanriseven, Esra Nur. "Stability Investigation Of Eti Copper Mine Tailings Dam Using Finite Element Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614675/index.pdf.
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In mining industry, waste storage is a very prominent issuein this respect, safety of storage structures is one of the leading problems in the industry. Most of the tailings dams require remedial measures, throughout their lifespan to increase their reliability. The objective of the study is to investigate stability problems of formerly constructed but newly raised Eti Copper Mine tailings dam and alternative dam geometries for future raises. Plenty of methods were developed to analyze the reliability of structures
limit equilibrium methods, finite element methods and finite difference methods are among them. In this case, stability of the dam was analyzed with finite element method under static loading conditions. In order to determine input parameters properly, disturbed samples obtained at the field investigations were used. For this purpose, several laboratory experiments were conducted to determine natural moisture content, grain size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, maximum dry density and shear strength parameters of tailings and embankment material.
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Sayit, Emir. "An Investigation Of Geotechnical Characteristics And Stability Of A Tailings Dam." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614455/index.pdf.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the stability problems in tailing (i.e. mine waste) dams. A tailing dam is an embankment dam (made of natural borrow or tailing material) constructed to retain slurry-like mining wastes that are produced as a result of operation of mines. In the last 30 years, the stability of tailing dams has drawn much attention as a significant number of tailing dam failures have been recorded worldwide. These instability problems caused significant loss of life and damage to property in addition to environmental hazards. In this study causes of failure of tailing dams and their stability problems are investigated with respect to their geometric and material characteristics. Seepage and stability of tailing dams are studied through limit equilibrium method and finite element method. The effects of uncertainties in material properties on the stability of tailings dams is investigated. Within this context, Kastamonu-Kure copper tailings dam is used as a case study and material properties are determined by laboratory tests.
13
Unsever, Yesim Sema. "An Analysis Of Deformation Behavior Of Muratli Asphalt Faced Rockfill Dam." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608547/index.pdf.
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In this study, settlement and seepage behavior of Muratli Dam, which is the first asphalt faced rockfill dam in Turkey, is investigated for the &ldquoend of construction&rdquo
and &ldquo
reservoir impoundment&rdquo
loading conditions. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses are carried out in order to determine the total stresses, displacements and pore water pressures. Hardening soil model is used in order to represent the non-linear, inelastic and stress dependent behavior of rockfill material. Material model parameters are selected mainly referring to the previous studies on the dams consisting of similar materials and then back analyses are done to find the best fit. Calculated stresses, displacements and pore water pressures are compared with the observed values for both end of construction and reservoir filling conditions.
14
Jalali, Shahrood A. (Abolfazl). "Assessing the impacts of dam construction on river morphology by applying a new automated method on remote sensing images." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201811072989.
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Spatiotemporal morphological impacts of river regulation owing to the construction of hydraulic structures on Kor River, Fars Province, Iran has been quantified using Remote Sensing images during 1993–2017. The river morphology has been studied before and after the construction of the Mollasadra Dam in 2006. MATLAB programming was utilized to extract the waterline in order to reduce the errors derived from manual extraction of the river path. Several characteristics of river morphology, such as the temporal thalweg movements and spatiotemporal Sinuosity Index (SI) have been calculated. Through this work, the Absolute and Rate of Thalweg Movement (ATM and RTM), and spatial movement of meander centroids were proposed as new indices to show morphological changes in the river. The results indicate that thalweg has moved towards to the southwest by an average movement of 40 cm, to the northeast by 20 cm and to the southwest by an average of 40 cm per year during 1993–2003 (pre-impact), 2003–2011, and 2011–2017 (post-impact), respectively. In spatial scale, changes in the morphology of the river is increased from upstream to downstream and this was particularly evident in the last 10% of the river length. The results of SI values show that despite a 5% mutation in the straight class of sinuosity in the pre-impact period, there is a decrease of 18 % in the same class during the post-impact period and river tends to meander after the construction of Mollasadra Dam. Considering the spatial movement of meander centroid, temporal change in major meanders was assessed.
15
Bawa, Soran, and Johan Berntsson. "Uppföljning av erfarenheter från dammprojekt : två exempel från Vattenfall Vattenkraft." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259995.
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Arbetet har gjorts i samarbete med Vattenfall Vattenkraft AB under våren 2019. Vattenfall äger och driver anläggningar för produktion av el, däribland genom vattenkraft. Syftet har varit att få inblick i arbetsprocessen vid projektarbete på dammar. Detta har i huvudsak skett genom uppföljning av projekt utförda på dammarna Damm A och Damm B. Uppföljningen har gjorts genom intervjuer med personer ansvariga för projekten. De två dammarna har valts som objekt för denna undersökning eftersom skadorna varit likartade men lösts på olika sätt. Rapporten har som mål att bidra till Vattenfall Vattenkrafts arbete med att förbättra sin projektstyrning och erfarenhetsåterföring inom projekt för att i förlängningen skapa bättre förutsättningar för att effektivt genomföra dammsäkerhetsrelaterade projekt med hög kvalitét. Efter samtal och intervjuer i samband med uppföljning på de två anläggningarna kan det konstateras att arbetet med underhållsarbeten på aktuella anläggningar fungerat väl trots att projekten varit brådskande, men att det finns utrymme för förbättring av erfarenhetsåterföring.This project has been carried out together with Vattenfall Vattenkraft during the spring of 2019. Vattenfall owns and runs plants for production of electricity, one of which is hydro power plants. The main purpose of this report has been to understand the working process for projects on dams. Two projects on the dams A and B have been followed up by conducting interviews with people involved with the projects. The two dams has been chosen for this follow up because their respective damage has been of a similar nature, but the methods used to solve them differ. The report aims to contribute to Vattenfall Vattenkraft ́s work towards improving its experience feedback and by extension achieve the highest possible quality on projects connected to dam safety. After interviews and conversations in conjunction with the site visits on the dams it can be stated that both projects worked well although the damages was urgent, however the report shows that the experience feedback could be improved.
16
Morais, JoÃo Silvio Dantas de. "Use for analysis hydrossedimentological and environmental impacts after CastanhÃo dam construction - downstream of the mouth of the Rio Jaguaribe-CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15436.
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nÃo hÃO barramento do fluxo natural do rio Jaguaribe, com a construÃÃo da barragem do CastanhÃo, no limite entre o mÃdio e baixo curso, inserido na polÃtica de gestÃo das Ãguas do Estado do CearÃ, alterou consideravelmente a vazÃo, que no inÃcio do sÃculo XX era de 200 m/s, para menos de 40 m/s nos dias atuais. No entanto, as modificaÃÃes nÃo sÃo apenas da Ãgua barrada, mas na interrupÃÃo do fluxo de sedimentos, acarretando alteraÃÃes no ciclo hidrosedimentolÃgico e nas feiÃÃes geomorfolÃgicas. Associados ao processo de aÃudagem estÃo os impactos das alteraÃÃes e mudanÃas no quadro ambiental considerÃvel em apenas uma dÃcada. O processo de acumulo de sedimento na bacia hidrÃulica do CastanhÃo, as Ãreas ocupadas por ilhas fluviais no leito natural e a jusante do barramento variaram de maneira considerÃvel; assim como na planÃcie litorÃnea e na Ãrea do entorno da foz. As ferramentas de geoprocessamento e as tÃcnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto aplicadas na tese levaram a definiÃÃo de trÃs unidades diferentes: bacia hidrÃulica, baixo curso/planÃcie fluvial e foz/linha de costa adjacente. Esta tendÃncia de modificaÃÃo ambiental, onde o aporte de sedimento no prÃprio aÃude foi inferido, a modificaÃÃo do leito à jusante identificado, e a erosÃo e acumulaÃÃes nas margens da foz e linha de zona costeira adjacente foram detectadas atravÃs das modelagens hidrolÃgicas.
The bus of the natural flow from Jaguaribe river, with the construction of the CastanhÃo dam, on the edge between the middle and lower courses of it that are inserted in the policy of the waterâs management of Cearà State changed considerably the flow, which in the early 20th century was 200m/s, for less than 40m/s nowadays. However, the changes are not only from barred water, but on the interruption of the flow of sediments, causing changes in the hidrosedimentolÃgico cycle and the geomorphological features. Associated with the damming process are the impacts of changes and the changes in considerable environmental framework in just a decade. The process of accumulation of sediment in the hydraulic basin of CastanhÃo, the areas occupied by River Islands in the riverbed and downstream of bus ranged from substantial way; as well as in the coastal plain and in the area surrounding the mouth. The tools of the geoprocessing and the Remote Sensing techniques applied in the thesis led to the definition of three different units: hydraulic basin, lower course/river plain and estuary/adjoining coast line. This trend of environmental modification, where the amount of sediment in the pond itself is implied, the modification of downstream riverbed identified, and erosion and accumulations on the banks of the estuary and adjacent coastal zone line were detected through the hydrological modeling.
17
Mirghasemi, Seyedeh Soudeh. "Agriculture, Dams, and Weather." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579110.
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The first chapter investigates whether construction of the Bureau of Reclamation dams in the early twentieth century raise farm values and increase agricultural output? I construct a new county level panel data set from 1890 to 1920 with information on geography, climate, politics, agriculture, and major dams and then evaluate the effect of the Bureau of Reclamation dams on the value of farms and on crop productivity. Using fixed effect panel estimation, I find that new federal dam construction increased the average value of farm land by approximately 6.4 percent. When I apply an instrument to control for potential endogeneity, the effect of Bureau dams on the farm land value increases in size, although the estimate is no longer statistically significant. When examining the crop output, the only crop for which the dams had effects was alfalfa. In the second chapter I investigate the effect of the geographic, economic and political factors on dam construction at the beginning of the Bureau of Reclamation's operation in the American West. Applying county level data which has been linked from various data sources for the time period of 1900 to 1910, I show that the percentage of votes for Republicans in presidential elections has a significant and positive effect on major dam construction. The last chapter investigates the effect of climate change on US agriculture using county-level data from 1997 to 2007. Compared to previous contributions, we pay particular attention to the spatial heterogeneity across the climate zones and include the presence of extreme weather events. The lack of consideration for both effects may have led previous works to generate biased estimates and incorrect impact forecasts. While current approaches use projected climate variables derived from coarse resolution Global Climate Models (GCMs), we use data at a much finer resolution by relying on dynamically downscaled simulation data. Further, we pay particular attention to the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of climate among the climate zones. Chow-Wald tests indicate the presence of significant heterogeneity across zones in the effects of climate on land values.
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Laros, Marlene Therese. "A comparative evaluation of two alternative access routes, the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) and the Western Access Route (WAR), for the Mohale Dam construction, phase 1B, the Lesotho Highlands Water Project." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21620.
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Bibliography: p. 103-107.Contract No. LHDA (Lesotho Highlands Development Authority) 1000 is the design and construction of the supporting infrastructure for the Mohale Dam, Phase lB of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). The Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) of the University of Cape Town (UCT) was employed by GBJV (Gibbs-Bergman Joint Venture), consulting engineers, to conduct the environmental impact assessments for contract No. LHDA 1000. The impact assessments were: * an initial EIA of the Maseru bypass alternatives; * an EIA of two site access roads at the Mohale Dam construction site; * an EIA of the Resident Engineers Camp, and * an EIA of the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) and the Western Access Route (WAR) for the transport of construction materials to the Mohale Dam site. The WAR, which forms part of the existing Mountain Road, was identified as a viable option for the transport of construction materials to the Mohale Dam site. The LCAR was identified from eight alternatives, excluding the WAR, in an initial desk-top study, as a viable route. The WAR proposal involves the upgrading part of existing Mountain Road, which runs in an easterly direction from Maseru, over the Thaba-Putsoa Mountain Range to ThabaTseka. The WAR proposal would upgrade 60 km of this presently degraded road between St. Michael's and Patiseng. The LCAR runs from Maputsoe to Ha Mateka via Teyateyaneng along existing roads. 55 km of new road will be built through the Jorodane Valley from_ Ha Mateka to Mafotholeng (refer to Map 1). Two separate baseline EIA reports were produced for the LCAR and the WAR proposals.
19
Eriksson, Amitis. "Jämförelse av tre metoder vid reparation av betongdammar." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31010.
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The purpose of this rapport/paper is to summarize and compare three different reparation methods, which can be used in repairing damaged concrete dams, which are one of the most important parts of electricity production in Sweden. Most of big dams in Sweden built between1900- 1960 are in a great need of restoration. Time, harsh winter conditions and constant presence of water have caused great damages to these dams. There are numerous restoration methods, which can be used in dam reconstruction. However, choosing the right method plays a crucial role in terms of economy and quality for the power plant companies. Due to negatively impacting global warming, carbon dioxide emissions can also be another concern for power plant companies when selecting a reparation method. Sometimes determining and choosing the “right” method is rather difficult when facing different reparation methods. When deciding which method to choose, comparisons are made in terms of economy, quality, and carbon dioxide emissions causing global warming. The methods compared in this rapport are applying waterjet mechanical chiseling, and Chesterton filler. Accordingly, some boundaries are set and some, but not all, factors are taken into account. For example, winter expenses and transportation are not included in this rapport. The method which has been used in this study is both qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative method, interviews, literature studies and experience of experts are gathered and used. The quantitative method used for calculation of costs and CO2 (e) emissions to the air. The study shows that in a minor spalled concrete damage, the waterjet method and Chesterton filler are appropriate with regards to quality. Mechanical chiseling is the cheapest method, and the Chesterton filler method releases the least amount of carbon dioxide to the air of all methods. Hopefully, the comparison in this rapport can aid those who want to choose a reparation method based on the criterias for the outcome/method.Dammkonstruktioner är en av de viktigaste delarna av elproduktionen i Sverige. De flesta av de stora betongdammarna i Sverige som är byggda mellan 1900 och 1960 är i behov av reparation. Åldern, svåra vinterförhållanden och ständig närvaron av vatten påverkar dammarna negativt och orsakar skador i betongen. Det finns gott om olika reparationsmetoder som kan användas vid dammreparationer. Att välja rätt metod vid reparationer kan spela en avgörande roll när det gäller ekonomi och kvalitet för kraftverksbolagen. Då de olika metoderna resulterar i olika mycket koldioxidutsläpp till luften och därmed effekt på den globala uppvärmningen är just koldioxidutsläppen en annan faktor som kan beaktas av elbolagen när de vill välja en reparationsmetod. Valet av reparationsmetod är inte lätt. Ofta går det att välja mellan flera olika metoder. Syftet med denna rapport att upprätta sammanfattningar för tre olika reparationsmetoder vid reparation av betongdammar, samt en jämförelse mellan dessa metoder. Jämförelser har gjorts i förhållande till ekonomi, kvalitet och koldioxidutsläpp till luften. De reparationsmetoder som har jämförts i denna rapport är vattenbilning, mekanisk bilning och Chesterton spackel. För att möjliggöra jämförelsen i denna studie har några avgränsningar gjorts i för de faktorer som jämförts, bland annat har vinterkostnader och transporter inte inkluderats i jämförelsen. Metoden i denna uppsats bygger på kvalitativ och kvantitativ studie. Den kvalitativa studien består av litteraturstudier och intervjuer genom samtal och email, och den kvantitativa studien består av beräkningar för kostnader och CO2 (e)-utsläpp med hjälp av grundvärden och faktorer för 1 m² betongyta. Studien visar att vid en enkel frostskada så är vattenbilningsmetoden och Chestertonspackel lämpligast med avseende på kvalitet. Mekanisk bilning är billigast och Chestertonspackel släpper ut minst koldioxid till luften. Förhoppningsvis kan jämförelsen i denna rapport hjälpa de som vill välja reperationsmetod baserat på önskade kriterier för slutresultatet.
2017-06-27
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Browning, Bridgette Anne. "Construction of a best practices instrument." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1796.
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Machado, Patrícia Miranda. "Gramática das construções e morfologia: um estudo sobre a rede de construções superlativas sufixais de desencontro do português." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1292.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente trabalho integra o macroprojeto “Construções Superlativas do Português” (MIRANDA, 2012) e busca aprofundar as discussões realizadas por Machado (2011) acerca de um dos nódulos da rede de construções superlativas mórficas do Português – aqui nomeado como Construção Superlativa Sufixal de Desencontro (CSSD). Os pressupostos teóricos centrais aqui assumidos foram a Gramática das Construções (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013) como um Modelo Baseado no Uso (GOLDBER 2006; BYBEE, 1985, 2006, 2008, 2010; LANGACKER, 1987, CROFT e CRUSE, 2004) em um diálogo com a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1977, 1982, 2008, dentre outros) e os modelos de formalização propostos pelo Constructicon (FILLMORE, LEE-GOLDMAN E RHODES, 2012) e por Rhodes (1992) baseados em uma matriz de Atributos e Valores. O nódulo construcional posto como nosso objeto de análise trata-se de uma contrução morfológica formada a partir da integração de um núcleo não graduável (solteiro,casado, gravida, almoço, café) com um operador de escala superlativa (-íssimo, -ésimo, -érrimo, -aço, -ão/-ona). O resultado são types como solteirão, casadaço, gravidíssérrima, almocíssimo e cafezíssimo. A escolha metodológica, ditada pelo nosso compromisso com a empiria, levou ao trabalho com corpora naturais. Dentro dessa abordagem, procedeu-se à constituição de um corpus específico da construção, baseado em dados reais e espontâneos de uso linguístico, por meio de dois concordanciadores eletrônicos: Web Concordancer beta e o WebCorp. Nosso corpus se configura a partir de 165 types da construção, cuja soma é de 7.419 tokens. Nossa análise aponta para um padrão construcional mais genérico, a Construção Superlativa Sufixal de Desencontro, hieraquicamente motivada pela Construção Superlativa Sufixal Harmônica do Português e a que se vinculam, em elos de herança, dois subpadrões construcionais: (i) Construção Superlativa Sufixal de Estados Absolutos (CSSEA), com função predicativa e núcleo não graduável ativando o frame Posição_superlativa_em_uma_escala e (ii) Construção Superlativa Sufixal de Referência (CSSR), com função referencial, dado seu núcleo substantivo, evocadora do frame Posição_entidade_em_uma_escala_superlativa. Tais resultados serviram a uma articulação bem sucedida entre construtos teórico-analíticos da Gramática das Construções e a Morfologia Derivacional, além de contribuírem com a descrição de um nódulo da rede periférica de construções do Português.
Part of the macro project “Morphological Superlative Construction of Portuguese” (Miranda, 2012), this work aims at developing the discussions of Machado (2011) about one of the network nodules of Morphological Superlative Constructions, here referred as the Suffixed Superlative Mismatched Construction (SSMC). The main theoretical assumptions adopted are the Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013) as a Usage Based Model (GOLDBER 2006; BYBEE, 1985, 2006, 2008, 2010; LANGACKER, 1987, CROFT & CRUSE, 2004), Frames Semantics (FILLMORE, 1977, 1982, 2008, and others) and for formulation models we adopted the Constructicon (FILLMORE, LEE-GOLDMAN E RHODES, 2012) and a fomulation based on Attributes and Values, proposed by Rhodes (1992). The constructional nodule analyzed here, is a morphological construction built from the integration of a non-gradable chore (as solteiro,casado, gravida, almoço, café) with a superlative scale operator (- íssimo, -ésimo, -érrimo, -aço, -ão/-ona). The methodological choice, come from our engagement to empiricism, led to the search on natural corpora. In this approach, there was built a specific corpus of this construction based on real and spontaneous data of linguistic use, verified by two electronic concordancer: Web Concordancer beta and WebCorp. Our corpus is made of 165 types and 7.419 tokens. Our analysis points to a more general constructional pattern - Suffixed Superlative Mismatched Construction – hierarchal motivated by the harmonic Suffixed Superlative Construction, which is liked, by inheritance, to two constructions sub pattern (i) Suffixed Superlative Construction of Absolut States (SSCAS), with predicative function and non-graduable chore that emerges the frame Superlative_position_on_a_scale; and (ii) Suffixed Superlative Construction of Reference (SSCR), with referential function, that evocates the frame Entity_position_on_a_superlative_scale. The results have served to a well-made articulation between the theoretical and analytical construct of Construction Grammar and Derivation Morphology. Besides, it still contributes on the description of a nodule of a peripheral network of Portuguese construction.
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Lage, Ludmila Meireles. "Modelagem linguístico-computacional das relações entre construções e frames no Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6757.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Esta tese apresenta as discussões teórico-metodológicas que embasaram a modelagem linguístico-computacional das relações entre construções e entre construções e frames no Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil. Após a fase de implementação de tal recurso, desenvolvido a fim de explicar os fenômenosnão capturados pelas análises lexicográficas proporcionadas pela FrameNet, foi necessário transformá-lo em uma rede. Uma vez que construções são concebidas como construtos cognitivos que participam em redes relacionais, foi modelada a relação de Herança (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999) para estruturar a rede de construções. Outro importante avanço implementado foi a relação de Evocação, que captura os casos em que uma construção evoca um frame, conectando-os de modo a evidenciar a relação entre eles. As construções e os frames, dois dos marcos teóricos mais importantes da Linguística Cognitiva, têm sido, de fato, foco de estudos quanto às relações que estabelecem entre si. Ademais, dado que o Constructicon foi desenvolvido em paralelo com a FrameNet, teria sido um desperdício não conectar ambos os bancos de dados. Contudo, alguns aspectos apresentados pelas construções sobrepujam as generalizações capturadas pela herança e pela importação semântica representada em termos de frames. Além disso, visto que o Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil se volta sobretudo a tarefas em tecnologia da linguagem, era preciso que o recurso proporcionasse informações que fossem legíveis não apenas a leitores humanos, mas também a máquinas. Dessa forma, através da modelagem das construções Aspectual Inceptiva (SIGILIANO, 2012, 2013) e Dativo com Infinitivo (TORRENT, 2009; LAVIOLA 2015), observou-se a necessidade de se adicionar ao Editor de Restrições mecanismos para dar conta de tais aspectos. De tal modo, doravante é possível registrar as unidades lexicais (ULs) que podem preencher um elemento da construção. Essa propriedade pode ser implementada em três níveis diferentes: caso apenas ULs específicas possam preencher um determinado slot; caso todas as ULs que evocam um frame possam preencher o dado slot; ou caso uma família de frames seja aceita em um slot. Assim sendo, através da implementação das relações descritas, este trabalho contribui para o progresso do recurso construcional, bem como para exibir os mecanismos necessários para diversas aplicações computacionais, ao mesmo tempo em que operacionaliza, no domínio computacional, a interdependência entre frames e construções há tanto tempo pontuada pelos estudos descritivos em Linguística Cognitiva.
This work presents the theoretical-methodological discussions that support the linguistic-computational modeling of the relations between constructions and between constructions and frames in the FrameNet Brasil Constructicon. After implementing the resource, developed to explain the phenomena not captured by the lexicographic analyzes provided by FrameNet, it was necessary to turn it into a network. Since constructions are conceived as cognitive constructs that participate in relational networks, the Inheritance relation (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999) was modeled for structuring a constructions network. Another important advance implemented was the Evokes relation, which captures the cases in which a construction evokes a frame, connecting them to put in evidence the relation between them. Constructions and frames, two of the most important theoretical frameworks of Cognitive Linguistics, have been indeed the focus of studies on the relations they establish with each other. In addition, since the Constructicon was developed in parallel with FrameNet, it would have been a waste to not connect both databases. However, some aspects of constructions transcend the generalizations captured by inheritance and by the semantic import represented in terms of frames. Moreover, since FrameNet Brasil Constructicon focuses primarily on language technology tasks, the resource needed to provide information that would be readable not only to human readers but also to machines. Thus, through the modeling of Inceptive Aspectual (SIGILIANO, 2012, 2013) and Dative with Infinitive (TORRENT, 2009; LAVIOLA 2015) constructions, it was observed the need to add some mechanisms to the Constraint Editor to account for these aspects. Therefore, henceforth it is possible to register the lexical units (LUs) that can fill a construction element. This property can be implemented in three different levels: if only specific LUs can fill a given slot; if all LUs evoking a frame can fill a given slot; or if a frame family is accepted in a slot. Hence, through the implementation of the relations described, this work contributes to the progress of the constructional resource, as well as to display the mechanism applicable to several computational applications, at the same time it operates, in the computational domain, the interdependence between frames and constructions that have been long punctuated by the descriptive studies in Cognitive Linguistics.
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Saad, Bassam. "Transient coupled analysis of upstream tailings disposal facilities construction." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115873.
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Extremely huge quantities of mined ore materials are processed annually to obtain the various types of minerals being the barebones of industry. Impounding the waste materials (tailings) of the mined minerals behind a raised embankment is the major and most common method used for the disposal of theses materials. Due to its execution simplicity and low cost, the upstream raising method has been the most common method used for retaining the disposed tailings in spite of being the most failure-vulnerable one. The sophisticated hydromechanocal behavior of the upstream tailings disposal facilities (UTDFs) during the staged construction makes the traditional approaches of consolidation, stability, and seepage analyses inefficient for producing accurate and, in many situations, correct design and evaluation of the UTDFs. The major objective of this thesis is to propose a thorough procedure for realistically evaluating the hydromechanical response of the UTDFs during their staged construction. The procedure incorporates a numerical model that reflects the combination of important realistic features of the UTDFs, namely (i) the partially saturated flow characteristics under the transient state dominating the facility throughout its operation/construction life; (ii) the two dimensional consolidation response of the facility components under both the partially and fully saturated cases considering (a) the full coupled response between the fluid and the solid phases and (b) the large deformation-nature of the tailings; as well as (iii) the appropriate mechanical behavior of the facility materials including a model that can detect the inception of liquefaction in the liquefaction-susceptible zones of the facility. The influences of a number of operational/construction measures that have been reportedly critical for the stability of the UTDFs are investigated in the light of the proposed model. Moreover, the inappropriateness of the traditional approaches for realistically evaluating the UTDF hydromechanical response during its staged construction is substantiated in the analyses carried out in this work.The conclusions and recommendations drawn from this thesis are paramount not only for the feasibility, preliminary design and risk assessment studies of the UTDF during its operation/construction life but also for the on going analytical investigations and monitoring/instrumentations plans carried out throughout such life.
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Kermani, Mohammad. "Prediction of post-construction settlements of rockfill dams based on construction field data." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27406.
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Cette thèse contribue au domaine des déformations post-construction des barrages en enrochement. D’abord, en étudiant le comportement in situ en compression de l’enrochement, il a été révélé que la compressibilité à court terme et la compressibilité en fonction du temps de l’enrochement sont reliés. De plus, la résistance à la compression simple (RCS) de la roche-mère et l’indice des vides de l’enrochement sont deux paramètres clés qui déterminent la compressibilité in situ de l’enrochement. Ainsi, ces paramètres, en plus du comportement des matériaux de remplissage pendant la construction (quantifiées par le module de déformation), ont été utilisés pour présenter des lignes de tendance pour prédire les déformations post-construction de différents types de barrages en enrochement. En considérant une base de données de 19 barrages en enrochement avec masque amont en béton et 22 barrages en enrochement zoné avec noyau en terre et en évaluant des tassements pendant et après la construction des lignes de tendance établissant un rapport entre les déformations post-construction et le comportement observé lors de la construction ont été développées. Dans les lignes directrices présentées, les tassements peuvent être obtenus séparément pour chacune des trois phases du cycle de vie des barrages : avant, pendant et après la mise en eau. De plus, le point zéro du temps pour les déformations en fonction du temps a été redéfini pour chaque phase. Lors du calcul des modules de déformation, les géométries de remblai ont été prises en compte en considérant un facteur de réduction pour les contraintes verticales à l'intérieur des remblais. Cette étude fournit une bonne base pour caractériser et estimer le comportement de l’enrochement pendant et après la construction des barrages en enrochement. Les tendances présentées montrent qu’en plus de surmonter les difficultés reliées aux méthodes actuelles (y compris les essais au laboratoire, les modélisations numériques, et des méthodes empiriques), les approches proposées sont précises et très pratiques. Cette recherche permet également une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de déformation de l’enrochement. Outre l'utilisation de ces méthodes comme outils prédictifs des tassements, les relations présentées peuvent être utilisées afin de détecter un comportement atypique d'un barrage en enrochement au cours de sa durée de vie.This thesis contributes to the area of post-construction deformations of rockfill dams. First, by studying the in-situ compression behavior of rockfill, it was revealed that the rockfill short-term compressibility and time-dependent compressibility are connected. Additionally, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of parent rock and the rockfill void ratio are two key parameters that determine the in-situ (short-term and time-dependent) rockfill compressibilities. Thus, these parameters, besides the fill materials behavior during construction (quantified by defining deformation modulus) were used to present guidelines for predicting post-construction deformations of different types of rockfill dams. In other words, by gathering a comprehensive data base of 19 concrete face rockfill dams and 22 earth core rockfill dams and evaluating settlements during and after construction, trend lines were developed which relate the post-construction settlements to the observed behavior during construction. In the presented guidelines, settlements are obtainable separately for each of the three dams’ life cycle phases: before, during and after impoundment. Additionally, the time datum for time-dependent deformations was redefined for each phase. When calculating the material moduli, the embankment geometries were taken into account by introducing a reduction factor for vertical stresses inside embankments. This study provides a good framework for characterizing and estimating the behavior of rockfill during and after construction of embankments. The trend lines presented based on behavior of numerous rockfill dams show that, in addition to addressing some limitations of previous methods (including laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and empirical methods), the approach proposed for predicting post-construction settlements is accurate and highly practical. This research also permits a better understanding of rockfill deformation mechanisms. Apart from using the presented method for predictive purposes, the presented graphs can be used to distinguish unexpected settlement behavior of a rockfill dam during its post-construction lifespan.
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Scaramozzino-Bouchard, Maria. "Notre-Dame d'Auxonne : histoire de la construction." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA1010.
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Notre-Dame d’Auxonne est un édifice important dans l'architecture gothique bourguignonne. Erigé au plus tôt à l'extrême fin du XIIe siècle, sa construction s'est étalée jusqu'aux années 1260-1280 avant de subir d'autres transformations aux siècles suivants. Plusieurs campagnes de construction ponctuèrent l'avancée des travaux et conduisirent à l'hétérogénéité de son parti. L'analyse architecturale, après une étude historique et une critique d'authenticité, est divisée en plusieurs chapitres portant chacun sur une campagne différente. De cette manière, il a été démontré que le parti premier a été dénaturé. Cette méthode a également permis de rendre compte de la grande technicité de certaines parties de l'édifice, notamment en ce qui concerne le chœur pour lequel l'architecte utilisa la taille en série et le délit une importante adjonction transforma la façade occidentale au début du XVIe siècle. La construction d'un porche, surmonte de deux tours de façade, fut entreprise sous l'autorité d’Antoine le Rupt. L'imposante masse documentaire, conservée en partie par la fabrique de l'église, et composée essentiellement de comptes de construction, a rendu possible l'étude socio-économique d'un chantier de la fin du moyen âge. Mais le parti entrepris demeure très conservateur et les références, quant à elles, restent régionales et sobres.
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Schrader, Ernest K. "Roller compacted concrete (RCC) for dams." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284794.
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Florez, Jhonatan Jair Arismendi. "Construction and evaluation of synthetic carbonate plugs." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-22032019-111757/.
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Many of Brazil\'s pre-salt basins are located in ultra-deep waters, and the high heterogeneities of its offshore carbonate reservoirs make the extraction of representative rock samples difficult, risky and expensive. Synthetic plugs are required to understand oilfield properties and the behavior of oil in reservoirs where natural plugs cannot be extracted. Specifically, in cases where it is necessary to reproduce representative mineralogical and petrophysical characteristics from carbonates reservoir, it is evident that there are a lack of publications focusing on synthetic plug construction. In this work, the construction of synthetic plugs is studied, using a combination of published methodologies to achieve an alternative construction of synthetic carbonate plugs for laboratory scale studies. The obtained plugs used a procedure based on disintegrated rock matrices with known particle sizes and particle size ratio, uniaxial compaction with controlled load force and velocity, CaCO3 solubility control by changing temperature and pH and bonding material. Consolidation, wettability and petrophysical properties of the synthetic plugs were evaluated to characterize them. Generally, it was observed that the porosity and permeability features of the synthetic plugs were within the range of carbonate reservoirs. However, without reproducing a heterogeneous pore structure normally present in natural samples. On the other hand, wettability properties of the resulted synthetic plugs were similar to the natural carbonate plugs. Further studies are necessary to obtain more similar chemical and petrophysical properties to the natural samples.A localização em águas ultra profundas das reservas petrolíferas do pré-sal brasileiro e a alta heterogeneidade dos seus reservatórios carbonáticos dificultam a aquisição de uma amostra de rocha representativa, além de ser uma operação de risco e de alto dispêndio. Plugues sintéticos são utilizados para compreensão das propriedades dos campos petrolíferos e para avaliação do comportamento dos hidrocarbonetos em reservatórios onde plugues reais não podem ser adquiridos. Especificamente, nos casos onde são necessários reproduzir características representativas mineralógicas e petrofísicas dos reservatórios carbonáticos, sendo notório a falta de publicações voltada para construção de plugues sintéticos. No presente trabalho, estudou-se a construção de plugues sintéticos empregando metodologias já difundidas, visando a construção de plugues carbonáticos sintéticos para utilização em escala laboratorial. Os plugues obtidos foram construídos utilizando matrizes de rochas desintegradas com tamanhos e proporções de partículas conhecidos, compactação uniaxial com força e velocidades controladas e controle de solubilidade de CaCO3, variando apenas temperatura, pH e proporções de material cimentante. Foram avaliadas as propriedades petrofísicas, a molhabilidade e a consolidação dos plugues sintéticos para posterior caracterização dos mesmos. Comumente, observou-se que os valores de porosidade e permeabilidade dos plugues sintéticos se encontravam dentro do intervalo de valores obtidos em reservatórios carbonáticos reais. No entanto, não reproduziram a estrutura heterogênea dos poros, normalmente presente em amostras de rochas naturais. Em contrapartida, as propriedades de molhabilidade dos plugues sintéticos se apresentaram análogas aos plugues de rochas carbonáticas naturais. Estudos complementares são necessários para obtenção de propriedades químicas e petrofísicas mais próximas das amostras reais.
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Costa, Igor de Oliveira. "A construção superlativa de expressão corporal: uma abordagem construcionista." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4643.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Este trabalho tem como objeto a Construção Superlativa de Expressão Corporal (Construção SEC) (“solteirona e toda virgem, ignorava machezas, quase morreu de vergonha numa tarde de conversas”; “Padre Dito quase estourou de rir”; “O Lúcio rolou de rir com a explicação, e como consequência acabou virando a vítima e a cobaia do seminário”), um elo da grande rede de construções do Português denominadas por Miranda (2008a) como Construções Superlativas. Tendo como enfoque teórico a Linguística Cognitiva (FAUCONNIER, 1997; FAUCONNIER E TURNER, 2002; FILLMORE, 1977, 1982; FILLMORE E ATKINS, 1992; JOHNSON, 1987; LAKOFF, 1987, 1993; LAKOFF E JOHNSON, 1980, 1999; MIRANDA, 2002, 2008a, 2008b; SALOMÃO, 2002, 2008; dentre outros) e, mais especificamente, o seu Modelo Baseado no Uso da Gramática das Construções (CROFT AND CRUSE, 2004; GOLDBERG, 1995; LAKOFF, 1987; PERINI, 2001, 2008; TOMASELLO, 2003[1999]), propõe-se a descrição dos padrões formais e do valor semânticopragmático emergentes nas ocorrências dessa construção. Dado o relevo do uso no modelo teórico-analítico adotado, opta-se metodologicamente pela Linguística de Corpus (ALUÍSIO E ALMEIDA, 2006; SARDINHA, 2000, 2004), devido à possibilidade de se trabalhar com uma grande massa de dados naturais e de se verificar o grau de convencionalização/gramaticalização e produtividade da construção em foco (GOLDBERG, 1995). O corpus utilizado para pesquisa é o Corpus do Português (DAVIES E FERREIRA, 2006), composto por quarenta e cinco milhões de palavras, distribuídas em textos que perpassam os séculos XIV-XX. Partindo do trabalho de Sampaio (2007) em que parte da Construção SEC foi analisada dentro dos limites do campo metafórico da “morte” (morrer de rir, morrer de medo), nossas análises ampliam tal estudo, investigando a produtividade dessa rede (frequência de types) e a natureza do desencontro ou discrepância semântico e sintático (o fenômeno do mismatch) que institui, sincronicamente, seu padrão. Tal padrão – [Xv de YN/V] – tem em X um verbo (chorar de, rolar de, morrer de, se acabar de, se arrebentar de...) que representa o impacto físico ou fisiológico desencadeado pelo excesso de Y, um SN (de medo, de tristeza) ou um SV (de rir, de estudar). Nossas análises apontam ainda para: (1) a convencionalização da Construção SEC, que instancia, nos corpora investigados, 19 diferentes types; (2) a articulação do esquema imagético da Imposição de Forças (JOHNSON, 1987) – que, por sua vez, impõe uma Dinâmica de Forças (TALMY, 2000) –, a noção de Causalidade (LAKOFF E JOHNSON, 2002[1980]; TOMASELLO, 2003[1999]) e as metáforas primárias “Causa É Força Física” e “Intensidade É Escala” (LAKOFF E JOHNSON, 1999) como bases conceptuais do padrão construcional discutido; (3) a reanálise semântica do elemento X (verbos que suscitam os frames de impacto físico ou fisiológico) como um Operador Escalar, alinhando-se com outras construções canônicas existentes no Português, no frame de Escala Superlativa; (4) o uso pragmático da construção como estratégia argumentativa pertinente a contextos discursivos em que o falante/escritor possui maior liberdade de expressão subjetiva; e (5) a centralidade de processos figurativos na instituição de padrões gramaticais.
This paper focuses at the Superlative Construction of Body Expression (SEC Construction) (“solteirona e toda virgem, ignorava machezas, quase morreu de vergonha numa tarde de conversas”; “Padre Dito quase estourou de rir”; “O Lúcio rolou de rir com a explicação, e como consequência acabou virando a vítima e a cobaia do seminário”), a major link in the network of constructions of Portuguese named by Miranda (2008a) as Superlative Constructions. Having as theoretical basis the Cognitive Linguistics (FAUCONNIER, 1997; FAUCONNIER AND TURNER, 2002; FILLMORE, 1977, 1982; FILLMORE AND ATKINS, 1992; JOHNSON, 1987; LAKOFF, 1987, 1993; LAKOFF AND JOHNSON, 1980, 1999; MIRANDA, 2002, 2008a, 2008b; SALOMÃO, 2002, 2008; among others) and, more specifically, its Usage-based Model of Construction Grammar (CROFT AND CRUSE, 2004; GOLDBERG, 1995; LAKOFF, 1987; PERINI, 2001, 2008; TOMASELLO, 2003[1999]), it aims at the description of formal standards and the semanticpragmatic value emerging from the occurrences of this construction. Given the amount of use in the theoretical and analytical model adopted, the Corpus Linguistics (ALUÍSIO E ALMEIDA, 2006; SARDINHA, 2000, 2004) was the methodological approach chosen due to the possibility of working with a large mass of natural data and verification of the degree of conventionalization/grammaticalization and productivity of the construction focused (GOLDBERG, 1995). The corpus used for this research is the Corpus do Português (DAVIES AND FERREIRA, 2006), composed of forty-five million words, allocated in texts that pervade the XIV-XX centuries. Based on the work of Sampaio (2007), in which part of the SEC Construction was analyzed within the limits of the metaphorical field of "death" (morrer de rir, morrer de medo), our analysis extend such study, investigating the productivity of this network (frequency of types) and the nature of the semantic and syntactic disagreement or discrepancy (the phenomenon of mismatch) that establishes, synchronously, its pattern. This pattern – [Xv de YN/V] – has a verb as the X (chorar de, rolar de, morrer de, se acabar de, se arrebentar de...) that stands for the physical or physiological impact triggered by the excess of Y, a NP (de medo, de tristeza) or a VP (de rir, de estudar). Yet, our analysis points to: (1) a conventionalization of the SEC Construction, which instantiates 19 different types in the corpora investigated, (2) the articulation of the image schema of the Compulsion (JOHNSON, 1987) – which, in turn, requires the Force Dynamics (TALMY, 2000) –, the notion of Causality (LAKOFF AND JOHNSON, 2002[1980]; TOMASELLO, 2003[1999]) and the primary metaphors Causes Are Physical Forces and Intensity Is Scale (LAKOFF E JOHNSON, 1999) as conceptual basis of the constructional standard discussed; (3) the semantic reanalysis of X (verbs that raise the frames of physical or physiological impact) as a Scalar Operator, aligning itself with other canonical structures present in Portuguese, in the frame of Superlative Scale; (4) the pragmatic use of the construction as an argumentative strategy relevant to discursive contexts in which the speaker/writer has more freedom of subjective expression; and (5) the centrality of figurative processes in the institution of grammatical patterns.
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Marção, Natália Duarte. "As construções interrogativas QU- no Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7881.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O trabalho aqui apresentado insere-se no projeto Multilingual Knowledge Base ou simplesmente m.knob (www.mknob.com), o qual tem por objetivo criar um aplicativo web e vem sendo desenvolvido no Laboratório FrameNet Brasil de Linguística Computacional – FN-Br – (SALOMÃO, 2009). De forma mais geral, a FN-Br vem explorando a implementação das teorias da Semântica de Frames e da Gramática de Construções através da criação de recursos linguísticos computacionais, como o Lexicon e o Constructicon do Português Brasileiro (PB) – um repertório de construções disponível online. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação busca embasamento em pressupostos teóricos relacionados à Linguística Cognitiva, tais como a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982) e a Gramática das Construções de Berkeley (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999) e segue a metodologia de análise da Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE ET AL. 2003). Nesse contexto, o objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar a descrição e a modelagem linguístico-computacional (cf. DIAS-DA-SILVA, 1996) das construções Interrogativas QU- em PB na base construcional da FrameNet Brasil, a qual sustenta o aplicativo web m.knob. A pesquisa se justifica pelo fato de o chatbot – uma interface de recomendação de atrações turísticas baseada em compreensão de língua natural – empregado no aplicativo não suportar que o usuário interaja através de sentenças interrogativas. Nesse sentido, a descrição e modelagem das construções QU- se faz necessária de modo a contribuir para que o usuário, durante a interação com o aplicativo, busque informações adicionais acerca das atrações recomendadas através de perguntas. Para fomentar essa funcionalidade nova, esta dissertação traz uma proposta de modelagem de onze construções QU- em PB. Ao final, aplica-se um teste de prova de conceito para avaliação do modelo proposto.
This work is part of the Multilingual Knowledge Base project or simply m.knob (www.mknob.com). It aims to create a web application and has been developed at the FrameNet Brasil Laboratory of Computational Linguistics - FN-Br - (SALOMÃO, 2009). More generally, FN-Br has been exploring the implementation of Framing Semantics and Construction Grammar theories through the creation of computational linguistic resources, such as the Lexicon and Constructicon of the Brazilian Portuguese (PB) - a repertoire of constructions available online. In this way, this Master’s thesis is based on the theoretical assumptions of Cognitive Linguistics, such as Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982) and the Berkeley Constructions Grammar (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999). Our analytical methodology is the one by Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE et al., 2003). In this context, this thesis aims to present the description and the linguistic-computational modeling (cf. DIAS-DA-SILVA, 1996) of the Interrogative Wh-constructions of the Brazilian Portuguese in the constructional base of FrameNet Brasil, which supports the web application m.knob. The research is justified by the fact that the chatbot - a tourist attraction recommendation interface based on natural-language understanding - employed in the application does not support the user interacting through interrogative sentences. In that sense, the description and modeling of Wh-constructions are necessary in order to help the user, during interaction with the application, look for additional information about the recommended attractions through questions. To foster this new function, this thesis presents a proposal for modeling eleven Wh-Constructions in Brazilian Portuguese. At the end, a proof of concept test is applied to evaluate the proposed model.
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Grabowski, Zbigniew Jakub. "Removing Dams, Constructing Science: Watershed Restoration Through a Socio-Eco-Technical Systems Lens." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4515.
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Ecological conservation and restoration in the anthropocene must struggle with overlapping drivers of biodiversity and cultural loss; ruptures of the ecological environment mirror ruptures of human relationships with nature. And yet technology cannot remove humans from nature; technological and infrastructural reconfigurations of nature create new vulnerabilities and risks for humans and ecosystems alike. How can conservation and restoration science productively grapple with complex infrastructure systems and decision-making processes as biophysical and social drivers of ecosystem change?
Using dam removals in the USA and in the Mid Columbia River region of the Pacific Northwest, this dissertation develops a conceptual framework for Social, Environmental, and Technological Systems (SETS), and applies it at three spatial and temporal scales to the practice of dam removal as a river restoration strategy. Drawing upon existing data sets, as well as biophysical, document, survey, and interview data this dissertation addresses how dam removals have functioned in the context of the social histories of river restoration programs, examines how these restoration programs must continue to renegotiate the human relationships with nature through the infrastructure systems that enable certain forms of existence while precluding others.
Of particular interest is how restoration programs have increasingly functioned to deliver novel infrastructure solutions, while ignoring longer-term changes in ecological structure and function due to infrastructure development; in other words, the infrastructural work of restored ecosystems, and the infrastructural blind spots of restoration programs.
How restoration planning considers, or does not consider, infrastructural blind spots, is indicative of not only the biophysical drivers of threatened and endangered species loss, but also the political dynamics of decision making at large, and the power-knowledge relationships constituting legitimate and relevant knowledge in the decision making space.
In the Pacific Northwest, there appears to be a tipping point of social convention in centering treaty rights and obligations vis-a-vis ongoing processes of colonization and institutionalized scientific expertise. Ecological restoration will only be successful if it addresses both engineered infrastructures and social justice.
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Carrara, Anna Carolina Ferreira. "A construção prefixal de modificação de grau - uma abordagem construcionista da morfologia derivacional." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/295.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
O presente trabalho integra o macroprojeto ‘Construções Superlativas Morfológicas do Português’ (MIRANDA, 2011) e tem como objeto a Construção Prefixal de Modificação de Grau (CPMG), um dos nódulos dessa rede de construções superlativas mórficas, constituída pelos prefixos (super-, ultra-, hiper-, mega-, arqui-, maxi-, macro-, mini- e micro-) e exemplificada por ocorrências como (1) As modelos da Alessa entram com o cabelo hiper volumoso no Fashion Rio. Será tendência?; (2) Eu estava numa festa da minha prima. Me sentindo super!; (3) Eu mega curti o look dela na festa...incrível! Para descrevê-la, os pressupostos teóricos centrais assumidos foram a Gramática das Construções Cognitiva (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013) como um Modelo Baseado no Uso (GOLDBERG, 2006; BYBEE, 1985, 2006, 2008, 2010; LANGACKER, 1987; CROFT; CRUSE, 2004), em um diálogo com a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1977, 1982, 2008, dentre outros) e com modelos de formalização do Constructicon (FILLMORE, et. al., 2012). A escolha metodológica, ditada pelo compromisso com a empiria, recai em uma análise baseada em corpus (GONZALEZ-MARQUEZ et al., 2007), o que implica o uso de corpora eletrônicos tratados (Corpus do Português e Floresta Sintática) e, neste caso, de ferramentas computacionais (concordanciador eletrônico Web Concordancer Beta). Outro parâmetro analítico decorrente é a consideração da sensibilidade dos dados à frequência de tipos/types e à frequência de ocorrência/tokens - ligadas respectivamente à produtividade e convencionalização. Nesse viés, este trabalho ilustra a virada metodológica promovida pelos estudos sociocognitivistas e construcionistas da gramática e do léxico e desvela a relevância posta no uso e na diversidade linguística. Os resultados da análise da Construção Prefixal de Modificação de Grau, a partir de um corpus específico formado por 1.821 ocorrências, apontam para dois subpadrões da CPMG: (1) a CPMG Substantiva que, por sua vez, se subdivide em CPMG Substantiva de Tamanho, evocadora do frame Posição_em_uma_escala_superlativa_de_tamanho e a CPMG Substantiva Polissêmica, evocadora do frame Posição_entidade _em_uma_escala_superlativa; (2) a CPMG Predicadora, evocadora do frame Intensificação. Sustenta-se, a partir dos resultados auferidos, a relevância de uma interface entre Morfologia e Gramática das Construções (RHODES, 1992; BOOIJ, 2010).
This work aims at analyzing the Prefixal Degree Modification Construction (henceforth CPMG) and it is part of the Project “Superlative Morphological Constructions in Portuguese” (MIRANDA, 2011). This thesis examines one of the nodes from those superlative morphological constructions that is constituted by the prefixes (super-; ultra-; mega-; arqui-; maxi-; macro-; mini- and micro-); which can be exemplified as: (1) As modelos da Alessa entram com o cabelo hiper volumoso no Fashion Rio. Será tendência?; (2) Eu estava numa festa da minha prima. Me sentindo super!; (3) Eu mega curti o look dela na festa...incrível! We used as theoretical framework to develop this work the Cognitive Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013) as a Usage Based Model (GOLDBERG, 2006; BYBEE, 1985, 2006, 2008, 2010; LANGACKER, 1987; CROFT; CRUSE, 2004), the Frames Semantics (FILLMORE, 1977, 1982, 2008, among others) and Constructicon Formalization Models (FILLMORE, et. al., 2012). The methodological choice was oriented by the commitment to empiricism, so we have developed a Corpus-based analysis (GONZALEZ MARQUEZ, et al., 2007), which implied in the use of treated electronic corpora (Corpus do Português e Floresta Sintática) and in this case with computational tools (the electronic concordance engine Web Concordancer Beta). Furthermore, other analytical parameter accounted was the frequency sensitivity of the data types and occurrence tokens - respectively connected to productivity and conventionalization. In this bias, this thesis illustrates the methodological turn promoted by socio-cognitivists, constructionist grammar and lexicon studies, which reveals the relevance of use in the linguistic variation. The outcome of the analysis, from an specific corpus constituted by 1.821 occurrences, lead to two CPMG patterns: (1) Noun CPMG, that could be classified in two sets: type (i) - Size, that is related to the frame Position_in_a_superlative_scale_of_size; type (ii) - Polissemic, that is related to the frame Position_of_entity_in_a_superlative_scale; (2) the Predicative CPMG, that is related to the frame Intensity. Finally, we argue that the results have showed that is vital an interface between Morphology and Construction Grammar (RHODES, 1992; BOOIJ, 2010).
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Rassi, Amanda Pontes. "Descrição, classificação e processamento automático das construções com o verbo dar em Português Brasileiro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8278.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
This PhD thesis starts from the observation of constructions with the verb dar in Brazilian Portuguese and it proposes an analysis and classification of these constructions. The analysis of all constructions found in corpus is systematic and consistent, based on Transformational Grammar (HARRIS, 1964) and on Lexicon-Grammar approach (GROSS, 1975; GROSS, 1981). Both theories adopt formal and experimental criteria to make reproducible the identification of base sentences and the classification of constructions with the verb dar. The classification was based on structural and syntactic properties, leading to four classes or categories: (i) full verb or distributional verb, from which 8 verbal senses could be identified; (ii) causative operator verb, whose constructions could be subclassified in 4 groups, depending on the semantic type of the predicative noun; (iii) the verb as a fixed element, in idioms or in proverbs; and (iv) support verb, which is selected by a predicative noun. The first part of this thesis analyzes the constructions with the verb dar as a full verb, as a causative operator verb and as a fixed verb. The second part of this thesis debribes the support verb constructions (SVC), which are formed by the support verb dar (Vsup) and the predicative noun (Npred). This description is extensive, considering all the occurrences in the corpus adopted and identifying the main formal, distributional and transformational SVC properties. These properties were described and formalized in a Lexicon-Grammar table, which is a binary matrix: each line corresponds to a lexical entry (Npred) and each column corresponds to a syntactic property of the construction. In the intersection between each line and each column, we sign “+” or “-”, respectively, if the property is verified or not. The third part of the thesis presents an automatic syntactic analysis of SVC, by using an approach based in dependency rules between its constituents. The rules are automatically generated from the L-G matrix data and, then, those rules are used by the parser in order to extract the dependency between the Npred and the Vsup. Thus, this work aims to advance the state of the art of the general verbal classification in Portuguese and Automatic Processing of Natural Languages, to contribute to the development of computational-lexical resources (the Lexicon-Grammar of nominal constructions) and with automatic parsing.
Esta tese parte da observação das construções com o verbo dar em corpus em Português Brasileiro e propõe uma análise e classificação dessas construções, de forma sistemática e consistente, com base na Gramática Transformacional de operadores (HARRIS, 1964; HARRIS, 1978) e no modelo teórico-metodológico do Léxico-Gramática (GROSS, 1975; GROSS, 1981). Ambas as teorias adotam critérios formais/estruturais e procedimentos experimentais reprodutíveis para a identificação das frases de base e que adotamos para a classificação das construções com o verbo dar. A classificação dessas construções foi baseada em suas estruturas e propriedades sintáticas, tendo sido identificadas quatro categorias ou tipos de construções fundamentais em que esse verbo ocorre: (i) verbo pleno (distribucional), de onde se identificam 8 sentidos diferentes; (ii) verbo-operador causativo; (iii) o verbo constituinte de uma frase fixa, seja em expressões cristalizadas seja em provérbios; e (iv) verbo-suporte, um tipo particular de auxiliar que é selecionado por um nome predicativo. A primeira parte da tese analisa os três primeiros tipos sintático-semânticos do verbo dar (pleno, causativo e fixo). A segunda parte da tese analisa e descreve as construções com verbo-suporte (CVS), formadas pelo verbo-suporte (Vsup) dar e um nome predicativo (Npred). Essa descrição é sistemática, buscando recensear o máximo possível de construções em corpus e identificando as principais propriedades formais, distribucionais e transformacionais das CVS. As propriedades são formalizadas por meio de uma matriz de dados, a qual representa de maneira compacta a informação linguística relevante para a descrição dessas construções. A terceira parte da tese apresenta uma proposta de análise sintática automática das CVS, usando uma abordagem baseada em regras de dependência entre seus constituintes. As regras são geradas automaticamente a partir das informações constantes na matriz do L-G e, em seguida, são usadas pelo analisador sintático automático para extrair uma dependência entre o Npred e o Vsup ao identificar a CVS. Assim, este trabalho objetiva avançar o estado da arte da classificação geral dos verbos em Português e do Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais, no sentido de contribuir com o desenvolvimento de recursos léxico-computacionais (o Léxico-Gramática das construções nominais) para a tarefa de análise sintática automática.
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Husain, Sarhang Mustafa. "Computational investigation of skimming flow on stepped spillways using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43038.
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Qoreishi, Seyed Mehdi. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE BEHAVIOR OF ROCKFILL DAMS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND IMPOUNDMENT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29708/29708.pdf.
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Cette thèse vise à modéliser numériquement des barrages en enrochements pendant les phases de construction et de mise en eau. Ceci est fait en se basant sur des essais en laboratoire et l’analyse des données de l'instrumentation insitu. Des essais triaxiaux en compression monotone à déformation/contrainte contrôlée sont effectués sur des assemblages compactés de particules de granit. Les échantillons utilisés en laboratoire ont initialement été préparés à différentes densités sèches et à différentes granulométries. Une loi de comportement élastoplastique parfait, en considérant l’élasticité non linéaire est implémentée dans le logiciel FLAC. Ceci est fait pour modéliser le comportement des particules de roche pendant les essais. Le nouveau modèle est basé sur le comportement hyperbolique, en considérant le critère de rupture de Mohr-Coulomb avec une règle d'écoulement non associé pour considérer la dilatance à cause du cisaillement. La technique de relaxation des contraintes de Nobari-Duncan est également implémentée dans FLAC avec les procédures modifiées et les nouveaux algorithmes pour reproduire les déformations causées par le mouillage. À l'aide de neuf paramètres, le modèle réussi à reproduire le comportement observé pendant les essais triaxiaux et à caractériser l'assemblage des particules de roche. Les effets de temps et de saturation sont également discutés en détail. Finalement, le modèle est utilisé pour la modélisation des étapes de la construction et de la mise en eau du barrage en enrochement LG4 construit au Québec, Canada. Les résultats de la modélisation sont comparés avec les données de l'instrumentation. Aussi, les efforts antérieurs de modélisation de ce barrage et les avantages du nouveau modèle sont discutés.This thesis contributes to the field of numerical modeling of rockfill dams during construction and impoundment based on laboratory research and field instrumentation. Data is presented from monotonic triaxial compression tests, in both stress and strain-controlled conditions, on compacted assemblages of granite rock particles prepared in the laboratory using different initial dry densities and grain size distribution. A nonlinear elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive model is implemented into the commercial software, FLAC, to simulate the behavior of the rock particles during the tests. The new implemented model is the traditional hyperbolic model coupled with the Mohr-Coulomb plastic failure criteria, and with a non-associated flow rule to consider shear dilatancy. The Nobari-Duncan stress relaxation technique with modified procedures and algorithms is also implemented in FLAC to reproduce the collapse deformations due to wetting. Using nine parameters, the model is successful to capture the observed behavior in the triaxial tests and to characterize the assemblage of rock particles. The effects of time and saturation are also discussed in detail. Finally, the model is used to simulate the construction and impoundment stages of LG4 rockfill dam in Quebec, Canada. The results of the modeling of both stages are compared with the instrumentation data and previous efforts of the modeling of this dam and the advantages of the new model are discussed.
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Costa, Igor de Oliveira. "A rede de construções quantificadoras mórficas sufixais: uma contribuição da gramática das construções à morfologia derivacional." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1291.
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Este trabalho, de viés sociocognitivista e construcionista, tem como objeto analítico um nódulo da rede de Construções Quantificadoras Mórficas Sufixais, reconhecida como uma estratégia morfológica de evocação da noção de coletividade na Língua Portuguesa, como ilustram os exemplos seguir: (i) {XN-ADA} (“Com AXE vou pegar a mulherada.”); (ii) {XN-ARADA} (“No meio daquela brinquedarada toda tinha um brinquedo que, pelo menos o que eu acho hoje, era da família daqueles patinhos de borracha [...]”); (iii) {XN-AIADA} (“Após a cachaçaiada é sempre bom beber bastante liquido [...]”). Tal estudo de caso serve de estofo a um objeto teórico mais amplo, qual seja a proposição de um trato construcionista da morfologia derivacional (MIRANDA, 2013; RHODES, 1992). A Gramática das Construções Cognitiva (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013), entendida como um Modelo Baseado no Uso (BYBEE, 2010; CROFT E CRUSE, 2004), fornece o aparato teórico central a este estudo. Da premissa sociocognitivista que reivindica a centralidade da experiência na constituição da linguagem deriva outro fundamento crucial à sustentação das análises, qual seja a proposição de convergência entre o escopo teórico construcionista e a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1977, 2009[1982], 1985; PETRUCK, 1996; RUPENHOFER et al., 2010). Dado o relevo do uso no modelo teórico-analítico eleito, acolhe-se, em termos metodológicos, uma Linguística Cognitiva baseada em corpus (FILLMORE, 2008[1992]; MCENERY, XIAO E TONO, 2006), o que implica o uso de corpora eletrônicos e ferramentas computacionais na análise dos dados. As análises apontam, dentre outras coisas, para a consistência de um trato construcionista da morfologia derivacional, bem como para a riqueza linguística e cognitiva das construções estudadas. Os construtos, instituídos pelo esquema imagético COLEÇÃO (JOHNSON, 2005; CLAUSNER E CROFT, 1999), tem na evocação dos frames Quantidade e Desejabilidade a sua constituição semântica, apresentando-se como estratégias de quantificação e avaliação pertinentes a gêneros mais distensos da Língua Portuguesa.
This paper analyses, in a cognitive and constructionist perspective, a node of the vast network of Suffixal Morphic Quantifying Constructions, recognized as a morphological strategy evocation of the notion of collectivity in Portuguese, as illustrated with the following examples: (i) {XN-ADA} (“Com AXE vou pegar a mulherada.”); (ii) {XN-ARADA} (“No meio daquela brinquedarada toda tinha um brinquedo que, pelo menos o que eu acho hoje, era da família daqueles patinhos de borracha [...]”); (iii) {XN-AIADA} (“Após a cachaçaiada é sempre bom beber bastante liquido [...]”). This case study supports a broader theoretical object, the proposition for a constructionist approach to derivational morphology (MIRANDA, 2013; RHODES, 1992). Cognitive Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013), a Used-based Model of Language (BYBEE, 2010; CROFT AND CRUSE, 2004), provides the central theoretical apparatus to this study. The Cognitive Linguistics premise of claiming the centrality of experience in the creation of language grants another crucial support to this analysis, which is the proposition of convergence between the constructionist approach and Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1977, 2009[1982], 1985; PETRUCK, 1996; RUPENHOFER et al., 2010). Given the amount of use in the theoretical and analytical model adopted, corpus-based Cognitive Linguistics (FILLMORE, 2008[1992]; MCENERY, XIAO AND TONO, 2006) was the methodology chosen. It implies the use of electronic corpora, computational tools and quantitative analysis of the data in terms of type frequency and token frequency (BYBEE, 2010; GOLDBERG, 1995). The analysis points out, among other things, to the consistency of a constructionist approach for derivational morphology, as well as the cognitive and linguistic richness of the constructional patterns under investigation. The constructs, established by the COLLECTION image schema (JOHNSON, 2005; CLAUSNER AND CROFT, 1999), evoke the Quantity and Desirability frames, presenting itself as quantifying and evaluation strategies relevant to distended genres of Portuguese.
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Romero, Hugo. "Environmental conflicts and historical political ecology : a genealogy of the construction of dams in Chilean Patagonia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/environmental-conflicts-and-historical-political-ecologya-genealogy-of-the-construction-of-dams-in-chilean-patagonia(41a79aa7-d426-47cc-bf00-adb38bb4bfbe).html.
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This research aims to understand environmental conflicts generated by large investment projects. Theoretically, this research locates itself within the historical political ecology perspective. It seeks to understand environmental conflicts as a clash of historical representations over the environment that can be traced from the process of dispossession by colonialism and the consolidation of the national state. It is argued that certain places have been constructed as specific socio-natural entities for the reproduction of power relations over nature and people through environmental transformations by discourses and frameworks about environment and society, the establishment of material practices, and the collapsing of biophysical features within political-economy. The case under analysis is the construction of dams in Chilean Patagonia through the HidroAysén project. This project belongs to the transnational company ENDESA and the Chilean private company Colbún. HidroAysén aims to build five dams across two rivers located in the Aysén region in Western Patagonia, a region that has been a scene for the territorialisation of the colonial and postcolonial state over the last four hundred years. The research questions to understand this environmental conflict are: How has Chilean Patagonia been socially constructed in the past? What political economic conditions and discourses enable dams to be built in Chilean Patagonia? Which discourses are in conflict regarding the HidroAysén Project? This research follows a qualitative approach focused on Foucauldian genealogy to understand discourses and representations about the environment. Data have been collected through secondary sources about the history of Patagonia, including accounts from explorations, government reports, scholarly articles, information from the HidroAysén company, and information from the anti-dam campaign Patagonia without Dams. I have also used fifty interviews conducted in Patagonia with people who live in the places that could be affected by the construction of dams. Data have been analysed through the constructionist approach of grounded theory and critical discourse analysis. The main findings are that environmental conflicts have historical and cultural content. Patagonia is a cultural landscape created through the territorialisation of the colonial and postcolonial state, and at the same time, through a process of counter-territorialisation spontaneously performed by settlers. Elites have used Patagonia to increase their power in a material and symbolic way through the mobilization of pre-existing discourses. Therefore, Patagonia does not pre-exist its construction: there is nothing natural about Patagonia but a revisited history of otherness and dispossession. Consequently, environmental conflict over HidroAysén is not only about the hydroelectricity project, but about how territories are constructed and socially and environmentally transformed through the mobilization of representations. The conclusion is that the environmental transformations are one of the most severe forms of inequality.
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Silva, Rodrigo Rodrigues Lyra da. "Construção predial lean: mapeamento da cadeia de valor das estruturas metálicas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=628.
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Este trabalho propõe uma organização para o processo de construção de um prédio comercial, encadeando a logística de abastecimento do canteiro com a montagem das estruturas metálicas. Esta foi desenvolvida a partir dos conceitos lean originários do Sistema Toyota de Produção e, posteriormente, foram aplicados em outros setores como o da construção civil. Para enfatizar problemas críticos de processo e identificar suas soluções, foi estudado um anteprojeto de obra localizada no Centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A sincronização entre a atividade logística e o processo de montagem das estruturas seguiu a lógica lean de redução de tempos de espera, de eliminação de estoques em canteiro e de criação de frentes simultâneas de fechamento dos andares, como condição para a melhoria de produtividade da obra. Foi analisado o mapeamento da cadeia de valor do fluxo de materiais e operações compreendidos entre o depósito de estruturas e a obra, verificando o balanceamento de atividades de produção e os possíveis ganhos de produtividade. Os resultados obtidos evidenciariam potencial de ganho na medida em que fornece justificativas para a aplicação das ferramentas lean no
estudo do anteprojeto de construção, integra a obra com o abastecimento logístico das estruturas e principalmente reduz os desperdícios de espera e estoque. Conclui-se, portanto, que o sistema lean, aplicado a este estudo, reúne condições para a melhoria de produtividade do processo construtivo e por
conseguinte aumenta sua competitividade.The aim of this work is to apply the Lean Construction plan, based on Toyota Production System, as the main strategy for the steel structure assembly in a commercial building. The Lean System target is to increase the productivity in the construction process by considering the synchronism between the logistic activities and the steel structural erection. This synchronism can be obtained by following the Lean Logic of reducing the time delay, the elimination of inventory in the building site and the organization of simultaneous teams for the assemblage of the steel parts. The material flow and the sequence of activities are represented in a value stream map, in order to identify the time wasted during the process and trying to otimize sequence of operation. At the end, by analyzing a particular project of a building at the center of Rio de Janeiro, the critical problems involved in a steel construction were identified and some alternative solutions for these problems, based on Lean System, are proposed.
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Wu, Xiaoqi. "Zai', 'dao', and 'gei' constructions -- a study of Chinese word order /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940665435198.
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Svensson, Tina, and Emma Ekvall. "Study of a Two-Storey Family House in theDar es Salaam Region, Tanzania." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20954.
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This final project is made as a Minor Field Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world and this is reflected in the way they live. Many people live in simple houses made out of mud, but the house that have been studied for this final project are a luxurious house from a Tanzanian perspective. The company that builds these houses are National Housing Corporation and it is this company that have provided drawings, information and educational visits. The purpose of this project is to gain knowledge about how a Tanzanian twostorey family house is constructed and designed. The aim is to evaluate if Swedish knowledge in building technique can be implemented to a Tanzanian two-storey family house concerning the climate, building structure and eco friendly construction. To be able to carry through with this final project a Minor Field Study has been executed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. During the field study educational visits, interviews and own observations has been made. By studying the drawings, read the interviews and look at photographs that were taken at the site several conclusions have been made. The foundation is the thing that differ the most from a Swedish villa. The slab is cast on underground walls and has only a mould around. Since it does not have a mould underneath the concrete can mix with the limestones and the drainage function is destroyed. The concrete strip that is placed underneath the underground walls has a damp proof membrane underneath which should be placed over the entire foundation structure. The roof is constructed by trusses and rafters in small dimensions. The dimensions could be increased to enlarge the distance between them. The windows are equipped with grilles that should protect from break-ins but also makes it harder to get out in case of fire. The upper slab is merged with the balconies and the balconies do not have an inclination out from the house. This could cause damages on the structure if water is stored there. The walls are made out of concrete which is the best material concerning the climate. To get an even better indoor climate the walls and the rest of the structure could be isolated so energy can be saved when the air conditioner is used. Tanzanian do not think in an eco friendly way but in this question a lot of improvements could be made. From a Swedish perspective there are a lot of things that can be improved on the studied house to get a more sustainable house concerning the structure, climate and eco friendly.Detta examensarbete har gjorts som en Minor Field Study i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania är ett av de fattigaste länderna i världen och detta återspeglas i deras sätt att bo. Många människor bor i enkla hus gjorda av lera men huset som har studerats för detta examensarbete är ett lyxigt hus sätt ur ett tanzaniskt perspektiv. Företaget som bygger dessa hus är National Housing Corporation och är det bolag som har lämnat ritningar, information och ordnat studiebesök. Syftet med detta projekt är att få kunskap om hur en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla byggs och utformas. Målet är att utvärdera om svenska kunskaper i byggnadsteknik kan implementeras på en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion. För att kunna genomföra detta examensarbete har en Minor Field Study gjorts i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Under fältstudien har studiebesök, intervjuer och egna observationer gjorts. Genom att studera ritningar, läsa gjorda intervjuer och titta på fotografier som togs på plats har flera slutsatser gjorts. Grundkonstruktionen är det som skiljer sig mest från en svensk villa. Plattan är gjuten på underjordiska väggar och har bara en gjutform runt om. Eftersom det inte finns någon form under kan betongen blandas med kalkstenen och dräneringsfunktionen kan då förstöras. Betongdelen som är placerad under de underjordiska väggarna har en fuktspärr som också borde placeras över resten av grundkonstruktionen. Taket är konstruerat av takstolar och takbjälkar i små dimensioner. De små dimensionerna resulterar i att takstolarna och takbjälkarna måste sitta tätare än om de skulle ha haft större dimensioner. Fönstren är försedda med galler som ska skydda från inbrott, men de gör det också svårare att komma ut i händelse av brand. Det övre bjälklaget är hopgjutet med balkongerna och balkongerna har inte någon lutning ut från huset. Detta kan orsaka skador på konstruktionen om vatten samlas där. Väggarna är gjorda av betong som är det bästa materialet ur klimatsynpunkt. För att få ännu bättre inomhusklimat kan väggarna och resten av konstruktionen isoleras mot värmen så att energi kan sparas när luftkonditioneringen används. Tanzanier tänker inte på ett miljövänligt sätt, och därför finns det en hel del förbättringar att göra på det här området. Ur ett svenskt perspektiv finns det mycket som kan förbättras på det studerade huset för att få ett mer hållbart hus med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion.
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Kruse, Sarah A. "Creating an interdisciplinary framework for economic valuation: A CVM application to dam removal." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1103559899.
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Beier, Frank, Daniel Roth, Hansgeorg Binz, and Thomas Maier. "Konstruktion trifft Design – Das Stuttgarter Modell." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232909.
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Treffen unterschiedliche Welten und Meinungsbilder aufeinander, so sind Missverständnisse und Kommunikationsprobleme unvermeidbar. Während Erstere aus den unterschiedlichen Wissensständen und Randbedingungen resultieren, ergeben sich die Kommunikationsprobleme aus den differenzierten Definitionen und Einstellungen der jeweiligen Fronten. Dieser Umstand lässt sich durch einem Blick auf die Weltgeschichte an vielen, teilweise äußerst dramatischen und einflussreichen Ereignissen leicht belegen. In der Auswirkung deutlich kleiner, aber dennoch nicht unkomplizierter sind aus Missverständnissen und Kommunikationsproblemen resultierende Konflikte im beruflichen Umfeld (Badke-Schaub & Frankberger 2004). Beispiel hierfür ist die Zusammenarbeit von Konstruktion und Design, zweier verwandter aber dennoch verständnisverschiedener Fachdisziplinen, die in der Entwicklung technischer Produkte ihren Ursprung haben. [... aus dem Text]
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Lage, Ludmila Meireles. "Frames e construções: a implementação do constructicon na FrameNet Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1176.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta dissertação propõe apresentar as discussões teórico-metodológicas que embasam a implementação, na FrameNet Brasil (FN-Br), de um repertório de construções disponível online: o Constructicon do português brasileiro. A iniciativa constitui-se em um subprojeto da FN-Br, a qual, por sua vez, visa à criação de um recurso lexical online para o mesmo idioma, baseado na Semântica de Frames e sustentado por evidência em corpus. Para implementar o Constructicon, onze construções da família Para Infinitivo foram escolhidas. A escolha se deve ao fato de que essas construções formam uma rede formal e funcionalmente motivada no português do Brasil, além de evocarem frames relacionados – tais construções compartilham o esquema sintático [SN V SA/SN para (SN) Vinf] e o frame de Finalidade ou algum frame a ele relacionado. Ao longo do trabalho, realizamos análises dessas construções e discutimos quais poderiam ser tratadas como um padrão de valência, isto é, ser anotadas utilizando-se da metodologia centrada em unidades lexicais da própria FrameNet, e quais precisariam ser descritas no Constructicon. Propõe-se, dessa forma, um diálogo entre a proposta goldbergiana para o tratamento das construções e aquela idealizada por Fillmore e colaboradores. Discute-se, ainda, de que maneira e em que medida construções de estrutura argumental e unidades lexicais verbais interagem no que tange aos frames que evocam. Por fim, esta dissertação estabelece critérios que devem ser aplicados às potenciais construções do português brasileiro de modo a definir se elas devem ser tratadas como padrões de valência ou se devem figurar no Constructicon.
This dissertation presents the theoretical and methodological discussions supporting the implementation, in FrameNet Brasil (FN-Br), of a repertoire of constructions available online: the Brazilian Portuguese Constructicon. The initiative is a subproject of the FN-Br, which, in turn, aims at creating an online lexical resource for the same language, based on Frame Semantics and supported by corpus evidence. To implement the Constructicon, eleven constructions of the Para Infinitive Family were chosen. This choice is due to the fact that these constructions form a both formally and functionally motivated network in Brazilian Portuguese, besides evoking related frames – such constructions share the syntactic scheme [NP V AP/NP para (NP) Vinf] and the Purpose frame or some frame related to it. Along this work, we performed analyzes of these constructions and discussed whether they could be treated as a valence pattern, i.e. be annotated using the FrameNet methodology centered on lexical units; or be described in the Constructicon. It is proposed, therefore, a dialogue between the Goldberg proposal for the treatment of constructions and that designed by Fillmore et al. We also discuss how and to what extent argument structure constructions and verbal lexical units interact in terms of the frames they evoke. Finally, this dissertation establishes criteria which must be followed so as to determine whether a potential construction should be annotated as a valence pattern or accounted for in the Constructicon.
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Spinelli-Flesch, Marie. "Pensée et construction lors de la naissance du gothique." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA1018.
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L'analyse des grands édifices au XIIème siècle et des textes les accompagnant permet de préciser les interractions pensée-construction. La dévotion à Dieu et aux saints fonde toute construction et en assure le financement. L'importance des reliques à Saint-Denis amène Suger à une mise en scène spectaculaire de celles-ci. Dans le plan se retrouve l'idée augustinienne du beau. De nouveaux besoins le modifient : liturgie, augmentation des fidèles. La mise en espace qui naît de l'élévation change complètement la perception romane. Le sentiment religieux modifié par la nouvelle christologie a pu contribuer a ce changement des formes. En revanche, la comparaison des pensées du Suger et du pseudo-Denys montre des différences fondamentales entre elles et nie l'influence dans le premier art gothique du corpus dionysiacum. En geométrie, le savoir des lettres présente un intérêt classificatoire et encyclopédique et non pas experimental. Les expériences des constructeurs ne sont qu'occasionnellement aidées par un savoir scolaire. Le progrès technique et les formes gothiques sont essentiellement le fait des maçons fermement appuyés par la volonté des commanditairesThe great edifices analysis during the twelth century and texts going with permit to precise thought-construction relations. The devoutness to God and the saints founds all constructions and provides their financements. The importance of the relics at Saint-denis makes Suger do a spectacular presentation. In the plan, is the augustinian idea of beautiful witch modify the new needs (liturgy, increasing of the faithfuls). Religious feeling modified by the new christology contributed to the changes of the gothic art. The comparison of Suger's thought and the pseudo-Denys shows fondamental differences between them and deny the influence on the first gothic of the corpus dionysiacum. In geometry, the know of the "litterati" doesn't present any experimental interest but a classificatory one. The builders' experiments are only occasionaly helped by the know of the scolars. The technical progress and the gothic forms are mostly the fact of the masons hardly supported by the sleeping-partners' will
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Fagan, Tony Duane. "Effect of membrane weight on vibrations of air-inflated dams." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91167.
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Inflatable dams are flexible membrane structures, pressurized with either air, water, or both, which have been used in recent years as a means of temporarily impounding water. A number of procedures have been developed to investigate the static behavior of the dams, but the dynamic behavior has been largely neglected. The few studies that have been done on dynamic behavior have used the simplifying assumption that the weight of the membrane was negligible.
In this study, equations of equilibrium and equations of motion were derived for an air inflated dam impounding no water, but loaded with its own membrane weight. It was assumed that the effect of membrane extensibility is negligible in the analysis. Derivatives required in the equations of motion were approximated using finite difference equations. Computer programs were written to find solutions for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the equations of motion. The computer program plotted the mode shapes of vibration associated with the four lowest eigenvalues, as well as the static shape of the dam. The eigenvalues obtained were the square of the frequencies of the system, so the effects of a series of membrane weights on the frequencies of dams of various base lengths could be analyzed.M.S.
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Silva, Nina Celeste Macario Simões da. "Análise da vida útil estimada das edificações baseada na norma de desempenho (ABNT NBR 15.575:2013)." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1204.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A análise da vida útil (VU) de uma edificação exige a observação de muitas variáveis, especialmente aquelas voltadas para o desempenho e durabilidade. Nesse sentido, a ABNT NBR 15.575:2013 Edificações habitacionais Desempenho estabelece requisitos, critérios e métodos de avaliação para analisar o desempenho das construções, e ao mesmo tempo subsidiar os projetistas a determinar a vida útil de projeto (VUP) condizente com o nível de desempenho desejado pelo construtor e usuário. Acrescente-se que o cálculo para a vida útil estimada (VUE) das construções leva em consideração o envelhecimento natural dos componentes dos sistemas construtivos, mas não contempla o efeito dos danos provocados pela entrada em operação e uso da edificação ou ausência de manutenção. Além disso, a ABNT NBR 5674:2012 - Manutenção de edificações Requisitos para o sistema de gestão de manutenção, indica quais os sistemas e serviços devem passar pelo processo de manutenção e em qual período, possibilitando a gestão da manutenção com qualidade. Entretanto, não é sempre o que ocorre nas edificações após a entrada em operação e uso. Na pesquisa, procurou-se, então, verificar qual a relação entre a vida útil estimada e os prazos de garantia das obras. Para medir a diferença percentual entre a VUP e a VUE, após a intervenção da ATPO foi utilizado o método dos fatores previsto na ISO 15.686:2000 - Building and construction assets service life planning e recomendado pela NBR 15.575-1:2013. As informações analisadas foram cedidas por uma construtora atuante na cidade do Recife, coletadas de um banco de dados proveniente da assistência técnica pós-obra (ATPO) de oito empreendimentos construídos na Região Metropolitana do Recife. A frequência de ocorrência de danos nas edificações foi analisada através da determinação da taxa de falhas dos empreendimentos. Os resultados assinalam para um percentual de redução da vida útil de projeto (VUP), da ordem de 20% da vida útil de referência (VUR), valores adotados da NBR 15.575:2013; apontam também, para uma concentração de avarias no estágio inicial da construção, acima de 50%, que correlacionando com a curva de probabilidade condicional de falha (curva da banheira) obtém-se um alto índice de falha brusca, classificando a edificação na fase da mortalidade infantil. Esses resultados refletem uma variação não planejada do nível de desempenho proposto para a edificação. Diante desse contexto, sugere-se vincular o prazo de garantia da obra com o nível de desempenho efetivo da construção. A aplicação de conceitos de confiabilidade permite inferir sobre os prazos de garantia da obra e fazer comparações com o valor previsto no aparato legal brasileiro.
Analysis of service life of a building requires the observation of many variables, especially corre-lating to the performance and durability. In this meaning, the NBR 15.575:2013 - Residential Buildings - Performance establishes requirements, criteria and methods assessment for analyz-ing the performance of buildings, and sometimes subsidize designers to determine the design life consistent with the performance level desired by the builder and user. Adding that the calculation of the estimated service life of buildings takes into account the natural aging of the building sys-tems components, but not contemplates of the damage effect caused by the entry into operation and use of the building or absence conservation. Moreover, the NBR 5.674:2012 - Buildings Maintenance - Requirements for the maintenance management system, indicates which systems and services that must go through the maintenance process and in what period, enabling mainte-nance management quality. However, it is not always what happens in the buildings after entry into operation and use. In the survey, we tired so verify the relationship between the predicted service life and the warranty period of the building. The information analyzed were provided by an active construction of Recife, collected in a database from the technical assistance after work eight buildings in the Metropolitan Region of Recife. To measure the percentage difference be-tween the design life and estimated service life, following the intervention of the technical assis-tance after work was used the factors method set out in ISO 15.686:2000 - Building and construc-tion assets - Service life planning and recommended by NBR 15575-1:2013. The frequency of occurrence damage in buildings was analyzed by determining the rates of failure in the buildings. The results show to a reduction of the design life of the order of 20% of the reference service life, from values adopted in the Performance of Brazilian Standard; also point to a concentration of damage in the initial stage of construction, above 50%, which correlate with the conditional prob-ability of failure curve (Bathtub Curve) sorting a high abrupt failure rate, ranking the building at the stage of infant mortality. These results reflect an unplanned variation in performance level proposed for the building. In this context, it is suggested to link the period of the works guarantee to the level of actual performance of the building. The application of reliability concepts allows infer about warranty period of the Building and make comparisons with the requirement of Brazi-lian law enforcement.
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Teixeira, Felipe. "Análise da evolução das características organizacionais das empresas de construção face às variações do ambiente econômico entre 2010 e 2016." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2719.
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A maneira como uma empresa organiza-se está diretamente atrelada a sua eficiência e a sua capacidade de manter-se competitiva durante períodos de crise econômica. Devido à importância da estrutura organizacional no desempenho das empresas, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução das características organizacionais das empresas de construção face às variações econômicas ocorridas no período de 2010 a 2016. O método para a realização deste estudo foi o Survey, permitindo a obtenção de dados primários de forma sistematizada. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de dados pelo grupo de pesquisa “Núcleo de Inovação de Gestão da Construção” (NIGEC), da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, nos anos de 2010, 2012, 2014 e 2016. No total, foram aplicados 362 questionários em empresas de construção civil que atuam em Curitiba e região. Os dados foram analisados por intermédio da estatística descritiva, da análise inferencial não paramétrica e da análise discriminante. Os resultados mostram, de forma geral, que as empresas pesquisadas apresentam características consolidadas, permanecendo imutáveis apesar das grandes variações econômicas ocorridas no período. Entre estas características, podem-se destacar as estruturas predominantemente centralizadas, a preocupação permanente com a redução de custos e a atuação em um mercado classificado como imprevisível. Outras características são diretamente afetadas pelas variações econômicas. Especialmente em momentos ditos de crise econômica, as empresas tendem a aumentar os níveis de treinamento, a investir em tecnologias e equipamentos e a estimular a autonomia de seus funcionários. Assim, de forma geral, as características organizacionais mostram um setor com uma gestão tradicional e atrasada, mas que em momentos de dificuldades buscam alternativas de modernização para superar as deficiências e aumentar a competitividade.The way a company organizes itself is directly related to its efficiency and capacity of remaining competitive during periods of economic crisis. In the face of the importance of organizational structure in business performance, this study aims to analyze the evolution of the organizational characteristics of construction companies with regard to the economic environment variations that took place between 2010 and 2016. The method for conducting this study was the Survey, allowing primary data to be obtained in a systematized way. Four data collections were performed by the "Núcleo de Inovação de Gestão da Construção" (Nucleus of Innovation in Construction Management) - NIGEC, from the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, in the years 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In total, 362 surveys were applied to civil construction companies that operate in Curitiba and region. The data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, non-parametric inferential analysis, and discriminant analysis. The results show, in general, that those companies researched display consolidated characteristics, remaining unchanged in spite of the large economic variations during the period. Among the characteristics, the ones that stand out are the predominantly centralized structures, the ongoing concern in regards to cost reduction, and activity in a market classified as unpredictable. Other characteristics are directly affected by economic variations. Especially in such times of economic crisis, companies tend to increase the levels of training, to invest in technology and equipment, and to encourage the autonomy of its employees. Thus, in general, the organizational characteristics show a sector with a traditional and outdated management, but that in moments of hardship seeks modernization alternatives in order to overcome deficiencies and increase competitiveness.
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Ulloa, Iván de Jesús Davis. "The –Ing construction in the language pair English/Spanish: radiality and subjectification." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6684.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar, descrever e analisar a construção –ING no par linguístico inglês/espanhol. A construção exibe uma série de usos na língua inglesa e ensiná-la ou traduzi-la para usuários de outras línguas impõe alguns desafios. No caso de falantes de língua espanhola como público alvo, a maioria tende a interpretar a construção como sendo verbal, no aspecto progressivo, o que representa apenas uma função da construção. No tocante ao referencial teórico, a pesquisa é baseada no trabalho de Langacker (1987, 1990, 1991, 2006, 2008) com o intuito de investigar o uso da construção. A Teoria dos Protótipos (ROSCH, 1973), as Categorias Radiais (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987), e a Gramática das Construções (FILLMORE & KAY, 1999; GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006), além da abordagem semântica sobre a construção –ING (WIERZBICKA, 1988), serão essenciais para a descrição da construção sob uma perspectiva conceptual. Com relação à metodologia, assume-se uma abordagem tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa dos dados (COOK, T.D. & REICHARDT, C.S., 1979; RICHARDSON, R. J.,1985; CRESWELL, J., 2010), compilados a partir de um corpus bilíngue paralelo no par linguístico Inglês/Espanhol, de 1199 ocorrências da construção –ING. A hipótese central do estudo é que a construção, em sua função verbal progressiva, é mais central ou prototípica (ROSCH, 1973) em relação à sua rede construcional, envolvendo outras funções, quais sejam, nominal, adjetival e adverbial. Essas funções, por sua vez, assumem posições mais periféricas e se relacionam com a função verbal por meio de relações de extensão metafórica (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006). Argumenta-se, então, que essas relações estabelecem um continuum entre as funções, variando de um nível mais concreto, mais ancorado no contexto de fala a um nível mais abstrato, mais subjetificado (LANGACKER, 1990). Por meio de uma análise baseada em corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2002, 2004) argumenta-se, por fim, que existe uma organização radial (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987) para a construção –ING, que passa de um domínio mais concreto, mais situado ou “ancorado” no evento de fala e se torna, assim, mais objetificado (como “processo”) a um domínio mais abstrato, menos situado, menos ancorado no evento de fala e, portanto, mais subjetificado (como “coisa”) (LANGACKER, 2008).
The aim of this dissertation is to identify, describe and analyze the –ING construction from the English language. The –ING construction has a number of uses in the English language and either teaching or translating it to speakers of other languages poses some challenges. In the case of having Spanish speakers as audience, most of them tend to interpret the construction as a verbal one, in the progressive aspect, which is only one function of the construction. As for the theoretical framework, we chiefly based our research on Langacker’s work (1987, 1990, 1991, 2008) in order to account for this construction. We also rely on Prototype Theory (ROSCH, 1973), Radial Categories (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987), and Construction Grammar (FILLMORE & KAY, 1999; GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006), apart from a semantic approach to the –ING construction (WIERZBICKA, 1988), which will be essential for describing the –ING construction from a conceptual perspective. In regard to methodology we take both a quantitative and qualitative approach to data (COOK, T.D. & REICHARDT, C.S., 1979; RICHARDSON, R.J., 1985; CRESWELL, J., 2010) compiled from an English/Spanish parallel corpus of 1199 verbal –ING occurrences. Our main hypothesis is that the –ING construction, in its verbal function, is more central or prototypical (ROSCH, 1973) in respect to its conceptual network and its other functions, namely nominal, adjectival and adverbial. These functions, in turn, exhibit a more peripheral role and are linked to the verbal function through metaphorical extension relationships (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006). These relationships, we argue, establish a continuum between these functions, going from the most or more grounded level up to the most abstract, subjectified level. By performing a corpus-based analysis of the data (BERBER-SARDINHA, 2002, 2004) we finally argue that there is a radial organization (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987) for the –ING construction, which goes from a more concrete level, being this more situated or “grounded” (LANGACKER, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2008) and thus more objectified (as a “here and now process”), until it gets to a more abstract level, therefore, less situated and more subjectified (taken as a “thing”) (LANGACKER, 2008).
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Beier, Frank, Daniel Roth, Hansgeorg Binz, and Thomas Maier. "Konstruktion trifft Design – Das Stuttgarter Modell." TUDpress - Verlag der Wissenschaften GmbH, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30781.
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Treffen unterschiedliche Welten und Meinungsbilder aufeinander, so sind Missverständnisse und Kommunikationsprobleme unvermeidbar. Während Erstere aus den unterschiedlichen Wissensständen und Randbedingungen resultieren, ergeben sich die Kommunikationsprobleme aus den differenzierten Definitionen und Einstellungen der jeweiligen Fronten. Dieser Umstand lässt sich durch einem Blick auf die Weltgeschichte an vielen, teilweise äußerst dramatischen und einflussreichen Ereignissen leicht belegen. In der Auswirkung deutlich kleiner, aber dennoch nicht unkomplizierter sind aus Missverständnissen und Kommunikationsproblemen resultierende Konflikte im beruflichen Umfeld (Badke-Schaub & Frankberger 2004). Beispiel hierfür ist die Zusammenarbeit von Konstruktion und Design, zweier verwandter aber dennoch verständnisverschiedener Fachdisziplinen, die in der Entwicklung technischer Produkte ihren Ursprung haben. [... aus dem Text]
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Mumba, Musonda. "Hydrological and Ecological Changes in the Kafue Flats Floodplain, Southern Zambia, after dam constructions : The Case of Chunga Lagoon." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498605.
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Csillag, Diana. "Análise das práticas de sustentabilidade em projetos de construção latino americanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-17012008-115248/.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os conceitos de sustentabilidade consolidados na prática em projetos e empreendimentos de construção na América Latina e, em particular, no Brasil. Para tanto foi utilizado como referência os projetos participantes do Primeiro Concurso Internacional para Construção Sustentável Holcim Awards 2005, com base no qual foi feito um levantamento estatístico das práticas de diferentes ações incorporadas nos projetos. Com este levantamento, pode-se traçar um perfil do projetista brasileiro e latino-americano. Sobretudo, este estudo permite identificar as lacunas nas práticas de sustentabilidade. Conclui-se que o conceito de preservação ambiental está consolidado para os projetistas latino-americanos e brasileiros; porém, o conceito de sustentabilidade não está. Faltam mais ações relacionadas às dimensões sociais e econômicas nos projetos que se ocupam predominantemente com a dimensão ambiental. Dentro da dimensão ambiental, os conceitos mais consolidados estão associados à energia, água e materiais. Nota-se que há lacunas na utilização de métodos modernos, intensivos em tecnologia e que envolvam o ciclo de vida da construção. Estes pontos servem de base para empreender ações que visem a maior inserção de sustentabilidade nos projetos de construção civil.The aim of this work is to identify the consolidated practices with respect to sustainability utilized in construction projects in Latin America and especially in Brazil. This study is based on data obtained from projects submitted to the first International Holcim Award for Sustainable Construction 2005. A statistical study of this data was undertaken, the result of which is an outline of Brazilian\'s and Latin American\'s designers. Above all, this study can identify the gaps related to applications of sustainable design practices. The study shows that environmental preservation is a consolidated practice to Brazilian and Latin American designers while the concept of sustainability is not. The projects that focus mainly on the environmental dimension should incorporate more actions related to social and economical dimensions. Within the environmental dimension the dominating practices deal with energy, materials and water. Gaps are identified in the lack of use of modern, technology intensive methods and in the scarcity of dealing with the whole life cycle of the building. These results can be used as a basis for actions that aim at inserting higher levels of sustainability in construction projects