Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dam social-environmental impacts'

Includes bibliographical references.
The purpose of this dissertation is to assess and evaluate various water level management options for the upgrading of Olushandja Dam in northern Namibia within the framework of the environmental impact assessment carried out for the project. This will enable the Namibian Department of Water Affairs (DWA) to improve their management of the dam for the benefit of the local communities and consumers in the Oshana Water Region (Figure 5 . 1). The dam has been in existence since 1975 and is part of the Calueque-Olushandja inter-basin water transfer scheme. A pipeline and a series of canals links Calueque Dam , on the Cunene River in Angola , with Olushandja Dam in Namibia and the urban areas to the east and south. In order to provide for the expected increase in water requirements from agricultural and rural development the scheme is presently being upgraded. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) was initiated in 1994 by the DWA as a requirement of the Dutch Government who are funding the project. Biophysical studies were undertaken by staff from the DWA and private consultants from Windhoek. The socio-economic study was carried out by a study team from the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, in association with a consultant from the University's Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU). The EEU was appointed to compile a full EIA based on the findings of the specialist reports. This report is expected to be completed by October 1995.

In this thesis the impact of the Atatü
rk Dam on social and environmental aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia Project has been discussed in terms of planning and policy making, institutional arrangements, infrastuctural development and human resources development. In order to analyse the impacts of Atatü
rk Dam data related to several components are collected. These components can be listed as resettlement, land acquisition and land consolidation, education, health, gender issues. The results show that the Atatü
rk Resettlement has been done involuntarily. The people mostly have their compensation. However the management abilities of the resettlers for the compensations were poor. Generally the Southeastern Anatolia Project as a large scale multi sectoral projects have positive impacts on the literacy ratio and health standards. Actually the social and environmental aspects of this kind of large scale projects are difficult to predict and measure. Therefore reasonable studies on prediciting the problems related to the environemental and social issues and producing sufficient solutions become more and more important day by day. The Southeastern Anatolia Project becomes an important example for similar projects by considering its both positive and negative impacts

O processo de formação do território gera conflitos entre os atores sociais presentes em cada região. No Brasil, tanto o mercado de terras quanto a cobrança do uso da água são criações estatais que respondem a diferentes demandas sociais e criam marcações temporais que permitem analisar o processo de dominação e apropriação de um território em que classes sociais e atores sociais evidenciam o controle social que visa influenciar, atingir ou controlar relacionamentos e pessoas exercido sobre os recursos terra e água ao longo do tempo. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e analisar como Estado e sociedade exercem, em um processo histórico, o controle sobre os recursos terra e água. Para realizar esse objetivo, realiza-se um estudo de caso dos processos históricos de territorialização envolvendo terra e água no município de Pereira Barreto/SP, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Desde a constituição do mercado de terras, os recursos hídricos são fundamentais para potencializar estratégias de privadas de valorização do solo, tentando auferir ganhos monetários por meio da posse da água. A propriedade da terra se mistura à propriedade da água. A imbricação entre terra e água coloca a gestão dos recursos hídricos sob os cuidados dos proprietários de terra. Com a construção e enchimento dos reservatórios da Usinas Hidroelétricas (UHEs) Jupiá, Ilha Solteira e, principalmente, Três Irmãos, a dinâmica territorial e a gestão dos recursos hídricos no município de Pereira Barreto e na região experimentam profundas alterações na estrutura fundiária, alagando terras produtivas e partes da área urbana municipal. O controle social da terra e da água é, então, exercido pela UHE Três Irmãos no território do município de Pereira Barreto. Os Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica do Estado de São Paulo surgem como atores sociais com o controle social da água que buscam, pela gestão dos recursos hídricos, controle sobre a terra, revertendo em parte o quadro inicial apontado. Por fim, discutimos a perspectiva de descontrole social da água advindo da interpretação das barragens como um risco socialmente fabricado
The process of forming territory generates conflicts among the social actors who want social control of key resources such as land and water. In Brazil, the land market as well as levying for the use of water are state created mechanisms that respond to different social demands and create arranged timetables that allow to analyze the process of domination and ownership of a territory in which social classes and social actors demonstrate a social control - aiming to influence, reach or control relationships and people that is applied to land and water resources over time. The study herein describes and analyzes how State and society exert, in a historic process, the control over land and water resources. To achieve this goal, a case study is conducted on the historical processes of territorialization that involves land and water in the city of Pereira Barreto, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Since the incorporation of land markets, water resources have been key strategies to maximize the value of private lands, with the intent of profiting financial gains through the ownership of water. The ownership of land merges with the ownership of water. The overlapping of land and water places the management of water resources under the care of land owners. With the construction and filling of the reservoirs of (UHEs) Jupiá, Ilha Solteira and, especially, Três Irmãos hydroelectric plants, the regional dynamics and management of water resources in the city of Pereira Barreto and region have undergone profound agrarian land structure changes, with the flooding of productive lands and parts of the city. The social control of land and water is then put into practice by UHE Três Irmãos in the city of Pereira Barreto. The Water Basin Committees of the State of São Paulo emerge as social actors who have the social control of water resources and who seek, by means of water resource management, to have control of lands, thus reversing in part the aforementioned initial scenario. Lastly, the prospect of social non-controlled water resulting from the interpretation of dams as a socially manufactured risk is discussed

From long ago, rivers have always sustained livelihoods of the peoples through the utilisation of different natural resources available in the basin. All over the world, many rivers have been dammed in the spirit of performing various purposes: agricultural irrigation, domestic water supply and power generation or flood control.

By the year 2001, the World Commission on Dams brought into focus the debate on damrelated impacts on local economies, societal cultures, livelihoods security and environmental conservation. The outcome of the World Commission on Dams consultation strongly recommended the governments to involve all stakeholders to address appropriately all issues associated with dams.

The overall focus of this master thesis is the projected Rusumo Falls dam in the Kagera River Basin (East Africa). Based on literature documentation completed by on-ground observations and qualitative interviews at Rusumo, various issues connected with the dam are presented.

In the first part, the Kagera River Basin background information is provided. It gives an overview of the physical and human characteristics of the Kagera watershed and subcatchments. A brief history and socio-economic indicators are given to enlighten the outsiders about the development challenges of the riparian countries of Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. Regional frameworks for the development and management of Kagera Basin natural resources are presented: The Kagera Basin Organisation and the Nile Basin Initiative.

Section two analyses the likely social problems around the Rusumo Hydro Electric Project resulting from the land issue and the electricity needs and posing a dilemma for the governments committed to reverse the poverty and developing the economies. Benefits and drawbacks of the dam as perceived by the beneficiaries are thoroughly listed.

Based on the overwhelming supports from the Rusumo people, the governments of Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania together with the international community, a public participation scenario is suggested in the last chapter. It encourages the governments to come together with all interested groups and the affected people of Rusumo and address any matters associated to the dam management process.

The conclusion of this study draws some strategies and methods to ensure full popular participation in the dam management. It provides some ways to involve all stakeholders to address the related issues. As the Rusumo people perceptions of the dam possible effects might not be realistic, the popular participation can offer them a good opportunity to handle socio-economic problems such as the land issue, the economy restructure and the nature conservation. In this case study, the government of Rwanda is therefore responsible for the establishment of platforms for a broad popular consultation.

LIMA, Ernandy Luis Vasconcelos de. Das areias da praia às areias da moradia:um embate socioambiental em Fortaleza - CE. 2005. 195 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2005.
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The knowledge of the geodynamic and social evolution constitues the essential analyze for the planning of the use and occupation, regarding the alterations of the human activities in the natural processes. It avoids futures environmental damages. The study area is located at Serviluz locality, Fortaleza County, Northeastern Brazil. The main objective is to define the environmental dynamics through the characterization of the aeolian dynamics in the transport of sediments in the Future and Serviluz beaches and of the analysis of the natural and social impacts caused the Serviluz locality population. The applied methodology was based on a systematic approach, using qualitative and quantitative data and analyzing the evolution of an environmental system starting from the geodynamics and social processes in the urban area occupation near the coast. Socio-environmental impacts are affecting the natural dynamics in the study area. Dune migration and aeolian sediments along the Serviluz coast are burying the houses, buildings, beach huts, access roads and the urban infrastructure. Besides, the greater part of community does not have the house's ownership because it occupied the area illegally in navy lands. Currently six thousand families, this place serves as a local for activities port, industrial and residential. So, a knowledge integrated for the environmental characterization was done for understanding of the socio-environmental impact verified in the study area, starting from the located connections in this place among the natural phenomena (coastal dynamics) and social aspects.
O conhecimento da evolução dos processos geodinâmicos e sociais de uma área constitui instrumento importante na compreensão das formas de operacionalização de medidas de planejamento, monitoramento e gestão de uso e ocupação do solo. Evita futuros danos ambientais com relação às alterações nos processos naturais decorrentes das atividades antrópicas. A localização da área de estudo está situada na cidade de Fortaleza - CE. O objetivo principal do trabalho é definir a dinâmica ambiental através da caracterização da dinâmica eólica no transporte de sedimentos nas praias do Futuro e do Serviluz e da análise dos impactos naturais e sociais causados à população do lugar Serviluz. A metodologia aplicada para a caracterização dos processos socioambientais foi baseada em uma abordagem sistemática, procurando determinar a evolução de um sistema ambiental a partir dos processos geodinâmicos e sociais locais em um setor litorâneo intensamente ocupado por uma população de baixa renda, usando dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Trava-se um embate entre as questões sociais e ambientais no antigo Serviluz, um lugar estabelecido em Fortaleza, entre os bairros Cais do Porto e Vicente Pinzón, submetido a diversos impactos que atuaram de modo a desarranjar a dinâmica natural. A comunidade deste lugar vem coabitando no período de estiagem com a condição do soterramento das habitações, das vias de acesso e de equipamentos públicos pela invasão de sedimentos de origem praial. Uma grande parte desta população convive ainda com a falta da regularização fundiária, fato decorrente das ocupações ilegais em terrenos de marinha. Além disto, para compreensão do embate socioambiental verificado na área de estudo, foi feito um conhecimento integrado para a caracterização ambiental, a partir da determinação das conexões entre os fenômenos naturais (dinâmica costeira) e sociais que se desenvolvem neste lugar, um espaço caracterizado por ocupações residenciais, industriais e portuárias.

Includes bibliography.
The Olushandja dam is located in the northern part of Namibia, in the Omusati region - one of the four regions into which the former Ovamboland was divided after independence. The Olushandja dam is part of a two-dam supply system comprising the Calueque dam, on the Cunene river in Angola and the Olushandja dam in Namibia. Construction on Olushandja dam was completed in 1975. It acts as a storage and balancing dam for water supplied from Calueque. Olushandja dam is 17, 7kms long and about 300m wide. For the last 20 years it has been managed at 30% as this is the capacity at which evaporation balances injection of water into the dam and seepage. As part of a plan to upgrade the pumping facilities at Calueque and Olushandja dams, upgrading at Olushandja was initiated early in 1995, and involved repairing the north wall pump station and pumps, and the repair of the sluice gates at the south wall. Upgrading of the Calueque facilities is envisaged for 1996. With upgrading virtually complete at Olushandja, the UCT team were commissioned to conduct a SIA on the effect of changing the water level in the dam on the rural communities living in the vicinity of the dam. The SIA forms part of a full EIA looking at the overall environmental effect of changing the water level at which the dam is currently managed. The impact of the SIA will therefore be in terms of management rather than construction.

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A pesquisa objetiva estudar a Ação Civil Pública Ambiental proposta inicialmente pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis em 2005, em desfavor do Município de Campina Grande – PB, sobre a questão da disposição final dos resíduos sólidos no lixão, localizado no Bairro do Mutirão, devido à presença de conflitos de ordem social, econômica, ambiental, sanitária e estética, dentre outros. Com relação à metodologia, foi aplicado o método indutivo que, a partir das informações colhidas nesta ação, possibilitou obter conhecimento generalizado. Além disso, utilizou-se dos métodos da triangulação e hermenêutico-sistêmico para a contextualização do trabalho em uma abordagem qualitativa. Empregou -se, ainda, o procedimento metodológico do estudo de caso, e as técnicas da documentação indireta e direta, cuja análise partiu do levantamento bibliográfico pertinente à temática e, em seguida, foram apreciados os procedimentos adotados no curso desta ação judicial até 2015. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes do Poder Público Municipal de Campina Grande, da Cooperativa de Catadores e Catadoras de Materiais Recicláveis de Campina Grande e do Centro de Ação Cultural. constatou-se que o antigo lixão de Campina Grande desrespeitava a legislação ambiental quanto ao modo de disposição final dos resíduos sólidos, que era feita a céu aberto, como também, a proximidade do lixão com o aeroporto aumentava os riscos de graves acidentes aéreos, além de danos ambientais, com relação ao solo, fauna, flora, ar e água, e problemas sociais originados pelo trabalho dos catadores. Conclui-se que o antigo lixão de Campina Grande foi desativado somente depois de prolatada a sentença, e o processo encontra-se atualmente em grau de recurso aguardando decisão do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Por essa razão, no período de 2012 a meados de 2015, os resíduos sólidos passaram a ser dispostos no aterro sanitário de Puxinanã – PB. Nos últimos meses, está sendo utilizado exclusivamente o aterro sanitário de Catolé de Boa Vista – PB, enquanto aguarda outra solução.
The research aims to study the Environmental Public Civil Action originally proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources in 2005, to the detriment of the Municipality of Campina Grande -PB, which addresses the issue of final disposal of solid waste in the landfill, located in neighborhood Multirão, due to the presence of conflicts of social, economic, environmental, health and aesthetics, among others. With regard to methodology, the inductive method was applied that from the information gathered in this action made it possible to obtain general knowledge. In addition, it was used the methods of triangulation and hermeneutic-systemic context to work in a qualitative approach. It was employed also the methodological procedure of the case study, and the techniques of direct and indirect documentation, where the analysis came from the relevant literature review on the subject, and were then examined the procedures adopted in the course of this lawsuit until 2015. After that was made interviews with representatives of the Municipal Government of Campina Grande, the Cooperative´s Collectors and Collectors of Recyclable Materials of Campina Grande and Cultural Action Center. It was found that the former landfill of Campina Grande disrespected environmental legislation regarding the disposal of solid waste so that it was done in the open, as well as the proximity of the landfill to the airport increased the risk of serious air accidents; And the addition to environmental damage in relation to soil, flora, fauna, air and water, and social problems caused by the collectors´ work. In conclusion, the landfill of Campina Grande was off only after sentence is rendered and the process currently finds itself on appeal awaiting decision by the Superior Court. Then, from 2012 to mid-2015, solid waste began to be arranged in the landfill in Puxinanã - PB. And, in recent months, it is being exclusively used landfill in Catolé de Boa Vista - PB, while waiting for another solution.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study is an analysis of the social and environmental use of the occupation of the land in the riparian forests in municipality of Autazes, Estate of Amazonas, focusing on social environmental impacts produced by these changes, and discusses the changes in the Amazon area through a reading of several interconnected transformation that Amazon comes through. This wok has the titles: Social and environmental impacts in the Amazon: analysis of the changes in land use in Autazes-AM, is an analysis of environmental and social impacts provided by the advances of the agropastorates activities, and among them we can emphasize: deforestation, fires, siltation of the rivers, soil degradation food security, and others. It s also examined the production of the Amazon area in a national, regional and local scale, seeking to context and inter-relate the progress of agriculture and other factors related to changes in land use, and explain the logic of the capitalist mode of production as the propitiator of the environmental and social impacts. In this way, this work seeks to show through context analysis of the Amazon space, more precisely in Autazes-AM, forms of sustainable use of the soil and other environmental resources. Accordingly, this work points to changes in the land use by sustainable economy alternatives means for the inclusion of the Amazon population to reach the conclusions that the way of preservation and conservation is necessary for such reflections
Este estudo faz uma análise socioambiental do uso e ocupação da terra das matas ciliares do município Autazes- AM, enfocando os impactos ambientais e sociais produzido por tais mudanças, além de discutir as transformações do espaço amazônico por meio de uma leitura interconectada das várias transformações que a Amazônia vem passando. Assim, são analisados os impactos ambientais propiciados, pelo avanço das atividades agropastoris entre os quais podemos destacar: desmatamentos, queimadas, assoreamento dos rios e demais corpos de água, degradação do solo, segurança alimentar, comprometimento das vias de circulação, e entre outros. Também, é analisada a produção do espaço amazônico em uma escala nacional, regional e local, procurando contextualizar e inter-relacionar o avanço da agropecuária entre outros fatores nas mudanças do uso da terra em Autazes, além de expor a lógica do modo de produção capitalista como propiciadora dos impactos ambientais e sociais. Dessa forma, esse trabalho procura evidenciar por meio das analises contextualizadas do espaço amazônico, mais precisamente, no município de Autazes- AM, formas de uso sustentáveis do solo e demais recursos ambientais. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho aponta para mudanças no uso da terra por meio de alternativas de economias sustentáveis para a inclusão das populações amazônidas por chegar à conclusão que o caminho da preservação e conservação ambiental passa necessariamente por tais questões

Mestrado em Marketing
Nas sociedades contemporâneas, a preocupação com o meio ambiente não tem parado de crescer, tal como a utilização das energias renováveis se tem revelado fundamental para o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a redução do uso de combustíveis fósseis. A construção de barragens é uma forma de conseguir energia mais limpa, mas produz mudanças ambientais na paisagem, com consequências para as populações das áreas afetadas, onde, normalmente desperta discussão cívica e agitação política. Em Portugal, a construção de barragens adquiriu uma maior importância porque ajuda a reduzir a dependência energética e aumenta a capacidade de produção de água em todo o país. O principal objetivo deste estudo é entender que tipo de estratégia foi usado pela EDP, e qual foi o apoio da Fundação EDP durante a construção da barragem do Baixo Sabor e também descobrir como foi percebida e aceite pela população Para saber mais sobre todo o processo de construção da barragem e como a estratégia foi percebida pela população, realizou-se um questionário a trinta e um respondentes locais na aldeia da Foz do Sabor e procedeu-se uma entrevista aberta a alguns funcionários responsáveis pela empresa em questão. Por conseguinte, concluiu-se que a maioria da população tinha concordado com a construção da barragem, mas não tinha tido conhecimento real da estratégia da EDP. A mesma maioria declarou, também, que o apoio de EDP foi importante para a região, apesar de não ter notado uma mudança significativa na aldeia, após a construção da barragem.
The growing concern about environmentalism has proved of great importance in contemporary societies, such as the use of renewable energies which is fundamental to technological development and it reduces the use of fossil fuels. The construction of dams is a way of achieving cleaner energy, but produces environmental changes on the landscape, with consequences for the populations of the affected areas, where, normally arouses civic discussion and political unrest. In Portugal the construction of dams has acquired a greater importance because it helps to reduce energy dependency and increase the production capacity of water across the country. The main objective of this study is to understand what kind of strategy was used by EDP, and what the EDP Foundation's support was during the construction of the dam of the Baixo Sabor and also find out how it was perceived and accepted by the population To learn more about the whole process of the dam construction and how the strategy was perceived by the population, a questionnaire was carried out to 31 local respondents in the village of Foz do Sabor, and also held an open interview to some responsible staff in EDP. Therefore it was concluded that the majority of the population had agreed to the construction of the dam but had had no real knowledge of EDP's strategy. The same majority stated, too, that the EDP support was important for the region, although they had not noticed significant change in the village after the construction of the dam.

O modelo energético global está caracterizado pelo uso intenso de combustíveis fosseis como o petróleo, o que tem influenciado diretamente no incremento de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) na atmosfera, causando problemas ambientais eventualmente irreversíveis como o aquecimento global, o mais proeminente fenômeno associável às mudanças climáticas. Com a finalidade de reduzir o consumo destes recursos energéticos não renováveis e minimizar potenciais externalidades socioambientais negativas, iniciou-se, globalmente, uma transição em prol de maior uso de energias alternativas, as quais aproveitam fontes renováveis, em princípio e em geral, indutoras de menores impactos ambientais como a energia eólica; estabelecendo-se, assim, um novo paradigma tecnológico focado num modelo mais sustentável. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos analisar os impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais ocasionados pelo desenvolvimento de projetos eólicos no Istmo de Tehuantepec, no Sudoeste do México e, concomitantemente, avaliar, de modo sinérgico, a energia eólica como uma opção efetivamente viável para a matriz energética mexicana mapeando-se e analisando-se as externalidades socioambientais e econômicas. O desenvolvimento destes parques representa, nesta região do país, um modelo bem sucedido de redução de emissão de GEE, porém existem controvérsias como o deslocamento de terras e falta de desenvolvimento local, o que têm gerado conflitos socioambientais que permanecem vigentes até hoje. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada alicerçou-se em revisão sistêmica de literatura, assim como na aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em pesquisa de campo in situ e na análise dos resultados com o uso de um software de código aberto (Iramuteq), foi possível ampliar a compressão a respeito do seguinte paradoxo: os parques eólicos implementados no Istmo, de fato, contribuem no sentido de mitigar as emissões de GEE, no entanto, ao que apontam os resultados desta dissertação, este benefício ambiental não carreou, às comunidades locais, qualquer melhoria em suas vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas. Conclui-se, portanto, que os preceitos basilares do desenvolvimento sustentável não foram atingidos no âmbito dos projetos eólicos do Istmo de Tehuantepec
The global energy model is characterized by the intensive use of fossil fuels such as oil, which has directly influenced on the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, causing irreversible environmental problems such as global warming, the most prominent phenomenon associated with climate changes. In order to reduce the consumption of these non-renewable energy resources and to minimize potential negative socio-environmental externalities, a transition towards a greater use of alternative energies has started globally, which employs renewable sources, principle and in general, inducing lower environmental impacts such as wind energy; therefore establishing a new technological paradigm focused on a more sustainable model. In this context, the present job aims to analyze the economic, social and environmental impacts caused by the development of wind projects in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in Southwest MÉXICO and, concurrently, synergistically evaluate wind energy as an effective and viable option for the Mexican energy matrix by mapping and analyzing socio-environmental and economic externalities. The development of these parks represents a successful model of GHG emission reduction in this region of the country, but there are controversies such as the displacement of land and lack of local development, which have generated socio-environmental conflicts that remain until today. To that end, the methodology adopted was based on a systemic literature review, as well as the application of semi-structured interviews conducted in situ f research and the analysis of results using a open source software (Iramuteq), it was possible to increase the compression However, to what the results of this dissertation aim to, is that this environmental benefit did not bring any improvement to the socioeconomic vulnerabilities of those local communities. It is concluded, therefore, that the basic precepts of sustainable development were not reached within the scope of the Tehuantepec Isthmus wind projects

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This paper seeks to analyze the relationship between health and economic activity of the municipality of Canelinha population, located in the state of Santa Catarina, in the Greater Florianópolis, over a period of 11 years (2001-2011) based on the socio-environmental perspective. Environmental, demographic, social and economic characteristics were raised, rescuing their social and spatial formation. The theoretical framework used to analyze the situation understands the notions of space, social space and training, urban dispossession and health promotion. The methodology to achieve the proposed objectives consisted of an association between quantitative and qualitative data. Thus, the information sought is in banks and official data and through semi-structured interviews and focus groups conducted with community health workers and residents of the town. Still records in a field diary complementarily were performed. The main causes of deaths were identified in the population to diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, external causes, ill-defined causes and respiratory diseases. We conclude that the social and environmental impacts of the ceramics industry and production of cotton waste, housing, education and sanitation are important factors when considering the social and environmental determinants of health.
Este trabalho busca analisar as relações entre saúde e atividades econômicas da população do município de Canelinha, localizado no estado de Santa Catarina, na região da Grande Florianópolis, em um período de onze anos (2001-2011), tendo como base a perspectiva socioambiental. Foram levantadas as características ambientais, demográficas, sociais e econômicas, resgatando sua formação socioespacial. O referencial teórico adotado para análise da situação compreende as noções de espaço, formação socioespacial, espoliação urbana e promoção da saúde. A metodologia para alcançar os objetivos propostos consistiu em uma associação entre dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Assim, buscaram-se as informações nos bancos de dados oficiais e através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais realizados com agentes comunitários de saúde e moradores da cidade. Ainda foram realizados registros em diário de campo de forma complementar. As principais causas dos óbitos identificados na população foram as doenças do aparelho circulatório, as neoplasias, as causas externas, as causas mal definidas e as doenças do aparelho respiratório. Concluí-se que os impactos socioambientais decorrentes da indústria ceramista e da estoparia, moradia, educação e saneamento básico são fatores importantes quando se analisa os determinantes socioambientais em saúde.

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Se, por um lado, o meio ambiente é fundamental para o crescimento econômico no modelo capitalista, as crises ambientais, devido ao não respeito dos limites planetários, representam uma ameaça para humanidade. As empresas são cobradas para contribuir com a solução desse problema, por historicamente terem contribuído para essa situação. Por outro lado, ainda existem poucos estudos que tratam a sustentabilidade empresarial e seus impactos para melhorar a qualidade do meio ambiente (WHITEMAN, WALKER E PEREGO, 2013). Este estudo buscou avaliar se as estratégias de sustentabilidade do setor elétrico estão alinhadas aos principais desafios ambientais da atualidade. Para definir esses desafios, o estudo se baseou, principalmente, na teoria dos limites planetários de Steffen et al. (2015). Além de revisões bibliográficas, também foi realizada uma análise Multi Estudos de Casos, que contou com análises documentais (websites e relatórios de sustentabilidade) e entrevistas com três líderes da estratégia de sustentabilidade de empresas do setor elétrico, que são referências no tema (estão na carteira do ISE). Como resultado desse estudo, observou-se que, dos nove limites planetários (mudança do clima, integridade da biosfera, redução da camada de ozônio, acidificação dos oceanos, uso de água doce, fluxo bioquímico (nitrogênio e fósforo), alteração no território , carga de aerossol atmosférico e novos contaminantes), seis deles (mudança do clima, integridade da biosfera, alteração no território, uso de água doce, carga de aerossol atmosférico e novos contaminantes) tiveram historicamente o setor elétrico como uma de suas principais ameaças. Dois desses temas (mudança do clima e novos contaminantes) são considerados prioritários por todas as empresas estudadas. No entanto, quando se analisa o alinhamento das empresas para enfrentar os principais impactos causados pelo setor nos limítes planetários, observa-se que: I) todos os impactos relacionados ao tema ‘alteração no território’ são geridos por, ao menos, uma estratégia de cada empresa estudada; II) todos os impactos relacionados a uso de água doces e carga de aerossóis atmosféricos são gerenciados por uma ou duas das empresas estudadas; III) um ou mais impactos relacionados aos temas ‘mudança do clima’, ‘integridade da biosfera’ e ‘novos contaminantes’ não são gerenciados pela estratégia de sustentabilidade de nenhuma empresa estudada. Ao final, são sugeridos alguns estudos futuros relacionados aos temas estudados.
The environment is essential for economic growth in capitalism. In contrast, environmental crisis, due to not respecting planetary boundaries, represent a threat to humanity. Corporations are charged to help solving this problem, since historically they were the contributors of this issue. Nonetheless, there still are few studies that deal with corporate sustainability and its impacts to improve environment quality (Whiteman, Walker and Perego, 2013). This paper tried to evaluate if the sustainable strategies within the Brazilian electric Power companies are aligned with the main environmental challenges of current times. To describe these challenges, this research was mainly based on the planetary boundaries theory , done by Steffen et al. (2015). Among several bibliographic reviews, it was done a an Multiple Case Study analysis, that took into account documental reviews (websites and sustainability reports), interviews with three sustainable strategy leaders from benchmark companies of the Brazilian electric power sector (present at ISE portfolio).As a result of this research, it was realized that out of the nine planetary boundaries described (climate change, biosphere integrity, stratospheric ozone depletion, ocean acidification, freshwater use, biochemical flows (nitrogen and phosphorus), land-system change, atmospheric aerossol loading, novel entities) , the electric power sector represents a historically threat over six of them (climate change, biosphere integrity, land-system change, freshwater use, atmospheric aerossol and novel entities). The companies studied consider as a priority two of these boundaries (climate change and novel entities). Notwithstanding that, observing these companies alignment to deal with these main impacts caused by the electric sector Power on the boundaries, we can point that: I) all companies have their own strategies to manage all impacts on land-system change ; II) at least one company manages each freshwater use or atmospheric aerossol loading impacts; III) one or more impacts caused by climate change, biospheric integrity or novel entities are not dealt with any of these companies. It is possible to conclude that sustainable strategies among the Brazilian eletric power sector companies are partially aligned with the main environmental challenges of current times. Lastly, futures studies related to these cases are suggested.

In the Kingdom of Lesotho, large dams are currently being constructed with the sole purpose of selling water to the Republic of South Africa, in order to earn royalties and to generate electricity for Lesotho. The focus of this study was to investigate the perception of the community on the socio-environmental impacts of Metolong Dam and Reservoir in Lesotho. A qualitative research methodology was adopted and grounded theory was used in collecting data from the study area. Qualitative research techniques used were document analysis, field notes and semi-structured interviews. After conducting an audit which evaluated the accuracy of the initial Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) by comparing actual to predict impacts, it was found that the perceptions of the community on the socio-economic impacts of Metolong project were: the community had poor education due to expensive school fees and their level of education did not help with dynamics on climate for they are complex and not easily to be understood, alcoholism existed due to unemployement, cultural constraints existed dominated by the patriarchal structures on the land and decision making, compensation policy was not honoured by project developers, the project brought benefits and loss of life-support resources, people are unable to grow wheat, beans and peas for their fields are taken and the community experienced loss of building sand that is not addressed. Information obtained helped the study to close the gap which appears not to have been addressed by the Government of Lesotho Department of Water Affairs Lowlands Water Supply Unit, 2008. Results of the study revealed that local villagers in the study area were happy with the project benefits, but they were discontented with the project as they were not incoporated in the management and supervision of the project. Rather, the local villagers were engaged only as labourers. The study recommends that when large dams are constructed, local villages should not be given promises that are dressed with many enticing commitments. The reason is that, communities never asked for the project, but it is set forth authoritatively as obligatory upon them. Project authorities should increase their efforts to fulfil promises made. Not only that, they should have respect, compassion, care and dedication when dealing with affected people. It is in this regard that the Local Based Project Execution and Observation Model is proposed, which will incorporate local villagers in the management steps of all large dam developments within their communities, in order to contend with environmental impacts of large dams.
Environmental Sciences
Ph. D. (Environmental Management)

A história da exploração mineral no Brasil teve seu início com a chegada dos colonizadores portugueses, com a extração do ouro, perpassando pelo início da exploração do minério de ferro que, juntamente com outros minerais, se destacaram na balança comercial do país a partir da primeira metade do século XX. A atuação das mineradoras sempre se focou no beneficiamento mineral, com o claro objetivo de obter lucro. Os rejeitos e os estéreis, sem valor econômico, e os métodos de sua disposição acabaram por receber um tratamento secundário, resultando na construção de estruturas de contenção (barragens) sem projetos de engenharia e com baixo nível de controle. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral caracterizar os impactos ambientais e sociais oriundos da atividade mineradora, e dos diversos processos envolvidos, no Estado de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa foi fundamentada na abordagem e na metodologia qualitativas, recorrendo a análise bibliográfica e documental e a entrevistas semidiretivas. A atividade minerária, por um lado, promove vários impactos positivos nas regiões onde é desenvolvida, como o pagamento de impostos, os investimentos na infraestrutura do lugar ou o incremento nas vendas do comércio local, mas, por outro lado, promove impactos negativos, como a contratação apenas de trabalhadores locais de baixa qualificação, o aumento do custo de vida, prejuízos na produção agrícola e criação de gado para a população rural próxima das minas, chegada de um enorme número de pessoas (quase exclusivamente homens) em busca de emprego, o assédio às meninas e mulheres do município ou o aumento do uso e tráfico de entorpecentes, da prostituição e da violência. Os impactos ambientais resultantes desta atividade são irreparáveis, como a destruição de vegetação e de cursos d’água, a alteração da paisagem, o rebaixamento de lençóis freáticos, a geração de poeira e consequentes problemas de saúde para a população do entorno, etc. A estabilidade das barragens de rejeitos é também motivo de grande preocupação para a população do entorno. Existem registos de rompimentos de barragens de rejeitos no estado de Minas Gerais desde 1969. No entanto, é a partir de 2001 que começam a ocorrer com uma frequência alarmante, culminando na catástrofe de Córrego do Feijão, no município de Brumadinho, em 25 de janeiro de 2019, que provocou a morte de 270 pessoas e gravíssimos danos ambientais. Esses rompimentos de barragens não podem ser considerados como acidentes, já que se percebe a intencionalidade pela falta de adoção de medidas que os evitassem, colocando em risco as vidas de trabalhadores e populações do entorno. Esses acontecimentos ocorridos promovem uma série de danos socioambientais, o que faz levantar o debate da importância dessa atividade econômica para o Estado, deixando em suspeito suas vantagens, cumprimento de legislações e ações reparadoras, além de colocar em cheque o mito existente no imaginário dos mineiros, de que nos dias de hoje, a mineração é indispensável a toda a população dessa unidade federativa.
The history of mineral exploration in Brazil began with the arrival of Portuguese colonizers, with the extraction of gold, going through the beginning of the exploitation of iron ore which, together with other minerals, stood out in the country's trade balance from the first half of the twentieth century onwards. Mining companies have always focused on mineral processing, with the clear objective of making a profit. The tailings and the waste, with no economic value, and the methods for their disposal ended up receiving secondary treatment, resulting in the construction of containment structures (dams) without engineering projects and with a low level of control. The main goal of this study was to characterize the environmental and social impacts arising from the mining activity, and of the several processes involved in it, in the State of Minas Gerais. The research was based on a qualitative approach and methodology, using bibliographic and documentary analysis and semi-directive interviews. The mining activity, on the one hand, promotes several positive impacts in the regions where it is carried out, such as tax payments, investments in the infrastructures of the place or the development of local commerce, but, on the other hand, it promotes negative impacts, such as hiring only low-skilled local workers, increase of the cost of living, losses in agricultural production and cattle raising for the rural population close to the mines, the arrival of a huge number of people (almost exclusively men) looking for a job, girls’ and women’s harassment in the municipality or the increase of narcotics consumption and trafficking, prostitution and violence. The environmental impacts resulting from this activity are irreparable, such as the destruction of vegetation and water courses, the alteration of the landscape, the lowering of water tables, the generation of dust and consequent health problems for the surrounding population, etc. The stability of tailings dams is also a matter of great concern to the surrounding population. There are records of tailings dam ruptures in the state of Minas Gerais since 1969. However, it is from 2001 that they start to occur with an alarming frequency, culminating in the Córrego do Feijão catastrophe, in the municipality of Brumadinho, on January 25, 2019, which caused the death of 270 people and serious environmental damage. These dam ruptures cannot be considered as accidents, since the intentionality is perceived by the lack of measures to avoid them, putting the lives of workers and the surrounding populations at risk. These events have promoted a series of socio-environmental damages, which raises the debate on the importance of this economic activity for the State, leaving in suspicion its advantages, compliance with laws and restorative actions, in addition to calling into question the myth that exists in the miners' mind, that nowadays, mining is indispensable for the entire population of this federative unit.

An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is a process that identifies, predicts and evaluates the potential consequences of proposed development projects. This is in order to improve project decisions and mitigate adverse environmental and social impacts. Although ESIA may be an important step towards mitigating the negative environmental and social impacts of development, ESIA is not a technocratic tool free from subjectivities. Instead, it is embedded in a broader political context that is shaped by dominant development ideologies and values. This dissertation explores the ‘development effectiveness’ of ESIAs in large dam projects using the WCD analytical approach. This approach builds on a rights-and-risks based approach to understanding the ‘development effectiveness’ of a large dam project. The concept of ‘development effectiveness’ is however a subjective one (WCD, 2000). As such, the ‘development effectiveness’ of an ESIA must be evaluated by the stakeholders of a project. In this research report this is undertaken by evaluating the experiences of those affected by the construction of Mohale Dam in the Kingdom of Lesotho. In order to evaluate the experiences of those affected by the construction of Mohale Dam, the research conducted a total of 38 in-depth interviews. These in-depth interviews took place with 15 key informants who had expert knowledge in the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, ESIAs and the social impacts of large dams. Added to this a total of 23 in-depth interviews were undertaken with households directly affected by the construction of Mohale Dam. A majority of these households were resettled (65%), while the other households (35%) remained in the Project Area but were given monetary compensation. The interviewed households were randomly selected from three directly affected villages, two of which were host villages. The villages were purposefully selected to represent the geographical distribution of affected households. The selected villages comprised Ha Mohale in the Highlands, Ha Nazareth in the Foothills and Ha Thaba Bosiu in the Lowlands. Ha Nazareth and Ha Thaba Bosiu comprised the host villages. These findings show that the Mohale ESIA was not informed by the local context but rather by definitions of development that prioritised money, individualism and single, instead of multiple livelihood strategies. As such the Mohale ESIA ignored the cultural and social context within which the dam was being constructed. This created a situation whereby some of the mitigation measures were culturally and socially inappropriate. Thus the ‘development effectiveness’ of the Mohale ESIA was directly compromised by the outcomes of some of the culturally inappropriate mitigation measures.

Thesis (M.A.(Development Studies))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, 2016.
Public participation has become an integral component of development projects, and is encouraged in the South African constitution as well as national laws governing the development and management of the environment. Especially in large infrastructure projects such as dams and water transfer systems, community participation is essential, as these projects leave great social and environmental footprints, with the benefits often accruing far beyond the immediately affected areas. Yet, there is little consensus on how this participation should manifest or what it should hope to achieve. This study sought to examine public participation processes through a case study of a dam and pipeline project, the Mooi Mgeni Transfer Scheme Phase II, particularly in terms of its social impacts. The study draws from the perspectives of all stakeholders involved, namely the various project authorities (government architects, implementing company, engineers, construction contractors), the interested and affected community members, and the independent authorities hired to monitor different aspects of the project. This study found that differing views of participation among these different actors greatly affected the participation that manifested in the project. While project authorities’ primary focus for participation was as a means to achieve project goals, community members expected that participation directly benefit them, whether through mitigating impacts or maximising benefits. These differences are complicated by conflicting conceptions of participation in South African legislation, and scant conflict management mechanisms. These conflicting views of participation led to conflict in participatory spaces, and resistance against the project. This study examines five participatory spaces, namely Environmental Impact Assessment public participation meetings, Environmental Monitoring Committee meetings, the engagement with marginalised communities, the engagement with expropriated landowners, and the engagement with relocated informal farm workers. The analysis illuminates the way that power manifests in participatory spaces and can work for or against community goals, and also the effectiveness of different community strategies to leverage their interests. It finds that trust between project authorities and community members is often lacking, but can significantly reduce conflict when it is present. When conflict does arise, if community members are able to upset the project from proceeding, they can make significant inroads in achieving their interests. However, marginalised contingents of the community are faced with ingrained disempowerment in participatory spaces which is difficult to overcome
GR2017

A RSE é um tema já em estudo nos últimos anos, no entanto, só com o avanço na globalização e o aumento da competitividade empresarial é que as empresas se sensibilizaram para o conceito estudando e construindo-o. A partir dos anos 90 emerge a boa reputação das empresas associada à RSE. Atualmente, as empresas vêm a sua missão para lá da obtenção do lucro, cada vez mais impelidas de fazer mais e melhor pela sociedade, sentindo-se como verdadeiras responsáveis pela sustentabilidade social e ambiental. Ainda que a primeira preocupação seja a obtenção de lucro, as empresas podem, paralelamente, contribuir para o cumprimento de objetivos sociais e ambientais mediante a integração da responsabilidade social, enquanto investimento estratégico. Existe também uma maior preocupação, por parte de quem investe, em não financiar empresas que, por exemplo, exploram muito a mão-de-obra. Para tal, há os “fundos éticos”, com que as pessoas cada vez mais se preocupam. Neste sentido, a RSE pode desempenhar, também um papel de lealdade entre os clientes e a marca, assente em valores e princípios éticos. A ética e a RSE foram fortemente incorporadas nas práticas de gestão devendo-se à sociedade dos dias de hoje. Em Portugal, a questão da RSE está a ganhar relevância e para isso muito contribuiu o artigo 64.º/1, b) do CSC, uma vez que realça a necessidade de a sociedade ter em conta os interesses dos stakeholders, na ótica dos deveres dos administradores. Por sua vez, "Direito Proactivo" surge como encorajador das sociedades em adotar práticas socialmente responsáveis.
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is a topic that has been studied in recent years but, only with the increase in globalization and business competitiveness and its consequences, companies have now become aware of the importance of CSR and the ways in which to implement it. From the 90’s onwards, we can see an emergence of more and more companies associated with CSR and therefore, with overall better reputations. Actually, these companies see their missions as beyond just obtaining profit, and find themselves increasingly driven to do more and better for society and demonstrating their responsibility to social and environmental sustainability. Though the primary concern is to make a profit, companies, can at the same time contribute to social and environmental objectives, through integrating corporate social responsibility as a strategic investment. There is also a major concern by those who invest not to fund companies that, for example, exploit the very hand labor. To this end, the "ethical funds", with people increasingly care about. In this sense, CSR may play an important and complementary role in consumer loyalty to their brand based on ethical principles. Both ethics and CSR have been largely incorporated in management practices in today’s society. In Portugal, the importance of CSR has been gaining in popularity and has contributed to the article 64/1 b) of the CSC, which stresses the need for society to take into account the interests of stakeholders from the perspective of directors’ duties. In turn, the “Proactive Law” has emerged encouraging companies to adopt socially responsible practices.

Freshwater in adequate supply and quality is vital to life on Earth; however, land-based activities such as development, agriculture, mining and industry, and their associated contaminants, pose a major threat to the quality of freshwater water resources and health of aquatic ecosystems. The upper uMngeni catchment draining into Midmar Dam is a strategically significant water resource, supplying clean drinking water to the eThekwini, uMgungundlovu and Msunduzi municipalities. The quality of this resource is under threat from current land-based activities such as Mpophomeni settlement and agriculture and emerging threats in the form of the Khayalisha social housing project. Monitoring sites were established in varying land use types in three sub-catchments of the upper uMngeni, to assess water quality and ecosystem health impacts of current land uses on Midmar Dam. A suite of physical, chemical and biological water parameters were sampled in conjunction with SASS5 bio-monitoring to assess the associated impacts. Water quality and ecological condition were highest in forested land use and upstream of Mpophomeni where natural land cover and sparse settlement occurred. Marked declines in water quality and ecological condition were observed at areas under commercial agriculture, indicated predominantly by rises in nutrient concentrations and declines in the SASS5 indices. The most notable declines in water quality and ecological condition were observed at sites downstream of Mpophomeni settlement as a result of severe sewage contamination, indicated by high E. coli counts. Nutrient concentrations downstream of Mpophomeni settlement ranged from mesotrophic to hypertrophic, with nitrogen to phosphorus ratios indicative of nitrogen limitation. Ecological condition remained in the ‘seriously/critically modified’ category over the study period. Nutrient loads produced by Mpophomeni are the highest of all the land uses, followed by that of commercial agriculture; both should be viewed as a concern, more so when viewed in terms of their compound effect on Midmar Dam water quality. Current water quality draining the commissioned Khayalisha social housing development area is good and although not natural, is of no contamination concern to Midmar Dam. Results indicate that with current land use activities, urban development and agriculture pose a potential threat to the quality of Midmar Dam resource and that further development in the form of the Khayalisha social housing project may replicate impacts already prevailing in Mpophomeni, whereby a principle water resource may be threatened by eutrophication.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

The luxury industry practices have always been one of the most unethical, but in the 21st century, this is starting to cause some issues. The mindset of this century is constantly evolving and turning more eco-friendly and ethical, rejecting old procedures. These society’s changes are resulting in a decline of the fashion luxury brands’ reputation and also, in their sale and profits, which leads them to create a new management strategy, one more aligned with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The aim of this study is to analyze the importance of CSR practices in the luxury industry nowadays, taking as an example two iconic luxury brands, Hermès and Tiffany, which follow different paths and values and so, analyzing the reactions to these practices in their internal and external environment in two countries, France and Mexico, which have major cultural differences. In order to identify this, a deep analysis of the two brands will be made, revealing their actual business strategies and their mistakes, likewise, a complete description of the two countries’ culture, mindsets and implication in the luxury business. This study recovers the different perspectives from a sample of 100 users and non-users of these brands, as well as their opinion on possible changes to these practices, but also the vision of internal players who actually apply those strategies. It is interesting to notice from these results that, from the 100 persons interviewed, 58 were not even able to mention one CSR practice that these brands implement and 46 think any luxury brand could be ethical and eco-friendly. We will see in this case study that the answers vary drastically according to the country (France or Mexico) and the people have different interpretations to each brand’s strategy as well as different recommendations. It is curious to realize that most of the visions of these persons from each brand are completely wrong. The aim of this study is then to find which strategies are and should be implemented in each brand in each country in order to satisfy their clients or potential customers, respecting the external environment.

A problematização em torno do tema da Responsabilidade Social das Empresas (RSE) tem vindo a crescer, nas últimas duas décadas, ao ritmo das mudanças impostas pela globalização, a qual veio trazer uma nova consciencialização não só às empresas como à sociedade em geral sobre a necessidade de garantir direitos individuais e coletivos, sem esquecer a sustentabilidade da vida na terra. No atual momento histórico, está ultrapassada a conceção de que uma empresa de sucesso terá somente interesse na obtenção de lucro sem atender à responsabilidade social junto dos seus stakeholders. Além do mais, esta responsabilidade social será um veículo de valorização da empresa, sendo que confere aos clientes uma maior fidelidade e confiança nos produtos e serviços. No fundo, transmite uma boa imagem da empresa, também ela associada à qualidade. Existem outras questões que se interligam com a dimensão social, em contexto empresarial, nomeadamente, as questões éticas, económicas, ambientais que inclusivamente podem ser consideradas basilares na concretização da política de responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC). As conclusões a retirar do caso da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa do BNP Paribas são que a mesma aposta em 4 pilares de intervenção (Economia; Pessoal do Banco; Comunidade e Ambiente). Os projetos desenvolvidos em cada um dos pilares constituem linhas de força com repercussões a nível internacional de grande impacto em todas as áreas de negócio do BNP Paribas e junto de todas as partes interessadas (stakeholders) da instituição bancária. Do plano de atividades da RSC, destacam-se a questão da igualdade entre homens e mulheres, em contexto laboral, e o pacote de ações no âmbito da sustentabilidade ambiental. Podemos também aferir que as dinâmicas desenvolvidas pelo Banco têm-lhe valido distinções e prémios internacionais, concedidos por organismos de elevado prestígio em prol da qualidade de vida do ser humano e da sustentabilidade do próprio planeta Terra.
In the last two decades, the discussion about the theme of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been growing at the pace of changes imposed by globalization, which has brought new awareness not only to companies but also to society in general about the need to guarantee individual and collective rights, without including the sustainability of life on earth. Nowadays, the conception that a successful company is only interested in obtaining profit without attending to social responsibility to its stakeholders is outdated. In fact, this social responsibility will be a vehicle of appreciation of the company, giving customers greater loyalty and confidence in the products. In the background, it conveys a good image of the company, also associated with quality. There are other issues that are linked to corporate social responsibility, including ethical, economic and environmental issues that can be considered as fundamental in the implementation of the social responsibility policy. The results of our study on the case of BNP Paribas Corporate Social Responsibility show that the strategy is based on 4 pillars of intervention (Economy, Bank Staff, Community, Environment). The projects developed in each of the pillars constitute lines of force with international repercussions of great impact in all business areas of BNP Paribas and with all the stakeholders of the banking institution. From the actions outlined here, we will highlight the issue of equality between men and women within the workplace and the environmental sustainability action package. We can also verify that the dynamics developed by the Bank have earned him international awards and prizes, granted by the most prestigious organizations for the quality of life of the human being and the sustainability of the planet Earth itself.

As áreas temáticas nas quais se enquadra o trabalho é o desenvolvimento sustentável, discutido através do caso do projeto florestal integrado da Portucel Moçambique. Em primeiro lugar será apresentado o significado de um desenvolvimento sustentável, onde será esclarecido de que forma e como o desenvolvimento sustentável está presente e é aplicado no projeto da Portucel Moçambique, incluindo a consideração dos desafios ao longo do processo. Será adoptada uma análise crítica, que visa compreender se e em que medida estamos perante um exemplo e, nessa medida, se outras empresas internacionais podem aprender da Portucel em Moçambique. A questão de investigação é a seguinte: quais os desafios que a Portucel Moçambique tem que ultrapassar para atingir um projeto de boas práticas? Para perceber melhor, é inevitável esclarecer a importância das conclusões feitas no passado, que supostamente serão substituídas por abordagens e técnicas claramente melhoradas. Ao desenvolver este trabalho, pretende-se também perceber quais as principais motivações da própria Portucel Moçambique para o investimento social, ambiental e económico em Moçambique. Será uma vez mais importante esclarecer como a Portucel Moçambique pretende atingir os seus objetivos. Por fim espera-se concluir com algumas evidências que permitam atingir um novo nível de sucesso, não só para o desenvolvimento do próprio projeto, mas também compreender a necessidade de redefinir algumas abordagens com vista em facilitar a preparação, concepção e a execução de futuros projetos.
The thematic area of this work is sustainable development which will be discussed on the case study of the integrated forestry project executed by Portucel Mozambique. At first, the concept of sustainable development will be presented and discussed in order to later determine how this concept is represented in the project of Portucel Mozambique. Through a critical analysis will be ascertained in which extend the project could be considered a good example of sustainable development for other international companies and what these could learn from Portucel Mozambique´s approach. The research question is: which challenges does Portucel Mozambique need to overcome in order to become a project with best practice? In order to fully understand this question, it will be necessary to also consider conclusion made in the past, so an approach can be identified as new or better. Alongside this work it is also intended to understand which are the motivations of Portucel Mozambique for investing in the social, environmental and economic development of Mozambique. Therefore it will be essential to understand how Portucel Mozambique intend to reach their objectives. At the end this works intends to identify some indicators which help to reach a greater success for the project itself, but also understand which approaches need to be redefined in order to promote a successful preparation, conception and execution of future projects.