Dissertations / Theses: 'Damage Indicators'

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Preisler, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Efficient Damage Detection and Assessment Based on Structural Damage Indicators / Andreas Preisler." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205239669/34.

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Andrushchak, M. O. "Determination of kidney damage indicators against the background of immunodeficiency." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18218.

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Gregory, Erin Kathleen Taylor. "Cognitive and Perceptual-Motor Indicators of Lateralized vs. Diffuse Brain Damage in Adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3287/.

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Among the goals of the neuropsychological assessment are to detect the presence of brain damage, localize which areas of the brain may be dysfunctional and describe subsequent functional impairments. The sensitivity of neuropsychological instruments in carrying out these functions is a question of some debate. The purpose of this study is to determine the utility of lateralizing indicators from the WAIS-III, McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) and Haptic Visual Discrimination Test (HVDT), from the McCarron-Dial System Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (MDS), in ascertaining the presence or absence of brain damage as well as location of lesion. The classification accuracies of using performance level indicators from these tests and lateralizing indicators, alone and together, were compared.

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Peng, Zhen. "Novel Data Analytics for Developing Sensitive and Reliable Damage Indicators in Structural Health Monitoring." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89064.

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This thesis focuses on developing novel data analytics and damage detection methods that are applicable to the condition assessment of civil engineering structures subjected to operational and environmental condition changes, nonlinearity and/or measurement noise. Comprehensive numerical and experimental studies validate the effectiveness and performance of using the proposed approaches for practical structural health monitoring applications.

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Arnold, Long Mary Caroleen. "Building Expert Consensus on Including Indicators of Moisture-Associated Skin Damagein The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1461076119.

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Mahowald, Jean [Verfasser]. "EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC DAMAGE INDICATORS ON REAL-LIFE CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES: MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES CONSIDERED / Jean Mahowald." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050341740/34.

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Abuirmeileh, Amjad Naji. "The corticotropin releasing factor like peptide urocortin reverses key indicators of nigrostriatal damage in rodent models of Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497621.

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Musquiz, Daniel. "Cave and cliff swallows as indicators of exposure and effects of environmental contaminants on birds from the Rio Grande, Texas." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1154.

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Cave (Petrochelidon fulva) and cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) were collected along the Rio Grande and evaluated as potential indicators of environmental contamination. The Rio Grande receives toxic substances from agricultural, industrial, municipal, and non-point sources; consequently, high levels of contaminants have been detected in birds, mammals, fishes and sediments. Swallows were obtained from 8 sites between Brownsville and El Paso, as well as from a reference site in Burleson County, 320 miles north of the nearest site of the Rio Grande. Blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, a technique that allows the detection of DNA damage in blood and other tissues. Plasma samples were analyzed for thyroid hormones using a radioimmunoassay technique. Organochlorines and trace metal analysis was limited to a few samples. DDE and PCB levels were below levels known to cause reduced hatching, embryo mortality, and deformities, Hg, Pb, and As were below detection, and Se, Ni and Cr concentrations were lower than levels known to cause harm in birds. Neither species showed sex-related differences in chromosome damage. Cave swallows from the Del Rio area had the highest levels of DNA variation, which may be indicative of DNA damage, possibly from PAHs exposure. Previous studies indicate that sediment samples from tributaries near Del Rio have high levels of chromium compared to other sites along the Rio Grande. A significant increase in DNA variation between sampling years was detected in cave swallows from Llano Grande Lake. Wildlife samples collected from Llano Grande Lake have recorded high levels of DDE and PCBs; in addition, this urban/agricultural contaminant sink appears to be affected by PAH exposure. T3 levels were below the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay. There were no gender related differences in T4 levels in cave swallows. Cave swallows sampled from Laredo had significantly higher T4 levels than those from birds at other sites during 1999. It was not possible to determine thyroid hormone disruption in plasma samples. Thyroid hormone and flow cytometry data were useful in establishing baseline data. Areas of concern based on genotoxic data include Llano Grande Lake, Del Rio, and El Paso.

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De, Kock Andrea. "Metabolic syndrome indicators and target organ damage in urban active coping African and Caucasian men : the SABPA study / A. de Kock." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4736.

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MOTIVATION: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is creating immense concern worldwide. In 2009, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) announced the new MetS definition. MetS is diagnosed by any 3 of the following 5 indicators being present: increased waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, and fasting glucose values, and decreased high–density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C) concentrations. Psychosocial stress relating to an urban environment or acculturation greatly influences the prevalence of both MetS and target organ damage (TOD). Furthermore, in urban Africans, active coping (AC) responses have been associated more with MetS and the related cardiovascular pathology than avoidance. A further synergistic effect of MetS and AC responses was also revealed in African men, in strong association with both subclinical atherosclerosis and renal impairment. Microalbuminuria was four times higher in Africans with MetS, than in those without any MetS indicators. Furthermore, Africans, especially those utilising AC responses, present with greater carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) than their Caucasian counterparts, although they exhibit a lipid profile that is anti–atherogenic. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were firstly to indicate and compare differences regarding AC responses in the African and Caucasian men, in accord with the prevalence of MetS indicators. Secondly, the extent to which AC responses and MetS indicators predict endothelial dysfunction was investigated. METHODOLOGY: This comparative target population study is nested in the Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) study, which was conducted from February until the end of May in both 2008 (Africans) and 2009 (Caucasians), avoiding seasonal changes. The Ethics Committee of the North–West University approved the study, and all volunteers gave written informed consent prior to participation. Procedures were conducted according to the institutional guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants included 202 male teachers of which 101 were African and 101 Caucasian. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements were recorded with the Cardiotens CE120 at 30 minute intervals during the day and 60 minutes at night. Actical accelerometers determined physical activity (PA). Registered clinical psychologists supervised completion of the psychosocial questionnaires, including the Coping Strategy Indicator. Participants fasted overnight; after the last BP recording, disconnection of the Cardiotens CE120 and Actical followed. A fasting 8 hour overnight collected urine sample was obtained from each participant. Anthropometric measurements followed, after which a registered nurse commenced blood sampling. The SonoSite Micromaxx was used for the scanning of CIMT. MetS indicators (glucose, triglyceride, and HDL–C), together with gamma glutamyl transferase, cotinine, and ultrahigh–sensitivity C–reactive protein (hs–CRP), were analyzed with Konelab 20i. The albumin–to–creatinine ratio and CIMT determined TOD. Participants were stratified according to ethnicity and median splits of AC response scores (high AC and low AC). Diabetic medication users (n= 8), and participants with renal impairment (n= 2) or HIV positive (n= 13), were excluded from analyses. 2×2 ANCOVA’s determined significant interactions for ethnicity and AC. Partial correlations between MetS indicators and TOD were performed within each ethnic and AC group, independent of age, alcohol consumption and PA. Regression analyses were performed for four models, firstly with microalbuminuria and secondly with CIMT as dependent variables. Significant values were noted as p 0.05, r 0.35, and adjusted R2 0.25. RESULTS: Caucasian men were physically more active than African men, whilst BP, alcohol consumption and hs–CRP levels were significantly higher in African men. Psychological variables revealed higher avoidance scores in Caucasian men and higher social support scores in African men. More MetS indicators exceeded the IDF cut–off points in high AC African men (14.71%) than in their Caucasian counterparts (3.33%). Furthermore, more MetS indicators predicted endothelial dysfunction in African men, especially the high AC responders. CONCLUSION: The following hypotheses were accepted: high AC responses in urban African men were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS indicators than in their Caucasian counterparts, while MetS indicators were associated with a marker of TOD in urban high AC African men, but not in their Caucasian counterparts.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Sampson, Dayle Lorand. "Urinary biomolecular indicators of exercise-induced over exertion injury." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/62158/1/Dayle_Sampson_Thesis.pdf.

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Poor health and injury represent major obstacles to the future economic security of Australia. The national economic cost of work-related injury is estimated at $57.5 billion p/a. Since exposure to high physical demands is a major risk factor for musculoskeletal injury, monitoring and managing such physical activity levels in workers is a potentially important injury prevention strategy. Current injury monitoring practices are inadequate for the provision of clinically valuable information about the tissue specific responses to physical exertion. Injury of various soft tissue structures can manifest over time through accumulation of micro-trauma. Such micro-trauma has a propensity to increase the risk of acute injuries to soft-tissue structures such as muscle or tendon. As such, the capacity to monitor biomarkers that result from the disruption of these tissues offers a means of assisting the pre-emptive management of subclinical injury prior to acute failure or for evaluation of recovery processes. Here we have adopted an in-vivo exercise induced muscle damage model allowing the application of laboratory controlled conditions to assist in uncovering biochemical indicators associated with soft-tissue trauma and recovery. Importantly, urine was utilised as the diagnostic medium since it is non-invasive to collect, more acceptable to workers and less costly to employers. Moreover, it is our hypothesis that exercise induced tissue degradation products enter the circulation and are subsequently filtered by the kidney and pass through to the urine. To test this hypothesis a range of metabolomic and proteomic discovery-phase techniques were used, along with targeted approaches. Several small molecules relating to tissue damage were identified along with a series of skeletal muscle-specific protein fragments resulting from exercise induced soft-tissue damage. Each of the potential biomolecular markers appeared to be temporally present within urine. Moreover, the regulation of abundance seemed to be associated with functional recovery following the injury. This discovery may have important clinical applications for monitoring of a variety of inflammatory myopathies as well as novel applications in monitoring of the musculoskeletal health status of workers, professional athletes and/or military personnel to reduce the onset of potentially debilitating musculoskeletal injuries within these professions.

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Van, Dyke Jason. "Modeling Behaviour of Damaged Turbine Blades for Engine Health Diagnostics and Prognostics." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20312.

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The reliability of modern gas turbine engines is largely due to careful damage tolerant design a method of structural design based on the assumption that flaws (cracks) exist in any structure and will continue to grow with usage. With proper monitoring, largely in the form of periodic inspections at conservative intervals reliability and safety is maintained. These methods while reliable can lead to the early retirement of some components and unforeseen failure if design assumptions fail to reflect reality. With improvements to sensor and computing technology there is a growing interest in a system that could continuously monitor the health of structural aircraft as well as forecast future damage accumulation in real-time. Through the use of two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical modeling the initial goals and findings for this continued work include: (a) establishing measurable parameters directly linked to the health of the blade and (b) the feasibility of detecting accumulated damage to the structural material and thermal barrier coating as well as the onset of damage causing structural failure.

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Pancotto, Theresa E. "Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of endothelial damage and basement membrane degradation as indirect indicators of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in chronic canine hypothyroidism." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76955.

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A variety of neurologic illnesses including peripheral and cranial neuropathies, central vestibular disease, seizures and coma have been associated with hypothyroidism in dogs. Repeated studies have shown that there is loss of blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity in these animals. Current research has also shown the development cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in neurologically normal hypothyroid dogs; a finding that is related to BBB degradation. This derangement may be secondary to atherosclerosis and vascular accidents. One possible mediator of vasospasm and ischemic brain injury is endothelin-1 (ET-1). Another group of mediators of vascular dysfunction that has been found in CSF of dogs with various other CNS diseases is matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The purpose of this study was to assay molecular markers that may contribute to disruption in the blood brain barrier in chronically hypothyroid canines. We hypothesized that BBB disruption in hypothyroidism is mediated by ET-1 and MMPs, as evidenced by increased concentrations of these proteins in CSF compared to controls. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) previously collected from 9 control and 9 experimentally induced hypothyroid dogs was used. Administration of I-131 was used to create the experimental model. CSF from time points 0, 6, 12, and 18 months post-induction were evaluated using an ELISA kit for endothelin-1. CSF from each time point was also evaluated using gelatinase zymography to detect MMP-2,9, and 14. The endothelin assay was able to detect ET-1 in CSF as determined by a spike and recovery method. However, ET-1 was undetectable in CSF of control and hypothyroid dogs at all time points. Constitutively expressed MMP-2 was detectable in all dogs at all time points. No other MMPs were detectable in CSF. ET-1 and gelatinase MMP,-9, and -14 are not primary mediators of BBB damage in chronically hypothyroid dogs. They could be involved secondarily and may be better evaluated with different assays or in temporal association with the development of clinical signs of neurologic dysfunction. Additional research is needed to confirm this finding and to evaluate biomarkers of non-vascular components of the BBB.
Master of Science

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Orenäs, Nissas Sebastian, and Nangyalay Rahimi. "Mätfel vid fuktmätning i emissionsskadad betong." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231912.

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När människors hälsobesvär misstänks vara byggnadsrelaterat är det viktigt att klarlägga källan till problemet. Fukt kan vid högre nivåer ge upphov till mikrobiella eller kemiska reaktioner som orsakar emissioner från byggnadsmaterial som kan ha negativa hälsoeffekter. För att utreda om byggnaden är problemkällan görs skadeutredningar. I utredningarna är det viktigt att identifiera vilka emissioner som förekommer i inomhusmiljön för att kunna åtgärda den eventuella skadan. Med hjälp av fuktprofiler som skapas genom fuktmätningar kan det utredas om varifrån fukten kommer. En vanlig orsak i Norden till förhöjda koncentrationer av emissioner i inomhusmiljön är fuktskadade betongkonstruktioner med en pålimmad plastmatta. I en sådan konstruktion utgör plastmattan ett tätt skikt som inte låter fukten i betongen avdunsta. Betong, som är alkalisk, kan i kombination med höga fuktnivåer utlösa en kemisk process, så kallad alkalisk hydrolys, som bryter ned mjukgörare i golvlim och PVC-mattor. Detta leder till att nedbrytningsprodukterna 2-etyl-1-hexanol och n-butanol dels emitteras till inomhusluften och dels migrerar ned i betongen där de fixeras. Det är i det skedet betongen blir emissionsskadad på grund av att de kemiska ämnena som fixerats i betongen kan lagras där under en lång tid och kan om förhållandena förändras, exempelvis vid renovering, avge dessa ämnen till inomhusluften. Eftersom 2-etyl-1-hexanol och n-butanol utgör majoriteten av nedbrytningsprodukterna, används de därför som indikatorämnen vid skadeutredningar. Om indikatorämnena upptäcks i inomhusluften är det troligt att en skada i golvkonstruktionen har inträffat och detta kontrolleras då med fuktmätningar. Problemet med fuktmätningar i emissionsskadad betong är dock att det befaras av fuktskadeutredare att dessa indikatorämnen påverkar fuktmätningarna genom att man mäter till en lägre relativ fuktighet (RF) än vad det faktiskt är. Examensarbetet är utformat som ett experimentellt arbete med fuktmätningar som utförts i Polygon AK:s laboratorium. I laborationerna testades huruvida indikatorämnena, 2-etyl-1-hexanol samt n-butanol, påverkar fuktmätningar. Detta gjordes genom att prover med ren betong först RF-bestämdes för att sedan droppa i ovanstående ämnen i proverna och därefter följdes utvecklingen i RF. Vidare kontrollerades eventuell drift i mätinstrumenten genom egenkontroller både före och efter varje uppföljning. Mätresultaten från gjorda försök visade att den effekt som befarats av skadeutredare ej märkts av, det vill säga att indikatorämnena skulle ha en påverkan genom att fuktnivån mäts till något lägre jämfört med den verkliga fuktnivån. Effekten påvisades varken genom lägre uppmätta fuktnivåer eller genom mätinstrumentens drift.
When people's illness are suspected to be building-related, it is important to clarify the source of the problem. Moisture at higher levels can trigger microbial or chemical reactions which causes emissions from building materials that may have adverse health effects. In order to investigate whether the building is the source of the problem or not, indoor environment investigations are conducted to investigate the matter. In the investigations it is important to identify what kind of emissions that occurs in the indoor environment in order to fix the possible damage or damages. Using moisture profiles created with moisture measurements, it is possible to determine where the moisture comes from. A common cause in the Nordic countries for increased concentrations of emissions in the indoor environment is moisture-damaged concrete structures with a glued plastic mat. In such constructions, the plastic mat is a compact layer that does not allow the moisture in concrete to evaporate. Concrete, which is alkaline, can in combination with high moisture levels trigger a chemical process, called alkaline hydrolysis, which degrades plasticizers in floor adhesives and plastic mats. This results in the degradation products 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and n-butanol, which are being emitted to the indoor air and partly migrating down into the concrete where they are fixed. At that moment the concrete gets emission-damaged because of the degradation products that has been fixed into the concrete where they can be stored for a long time and can with changed conditions, for instance during renovation, emit these degradation products to the indoor air. Since 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and n-butanol constitutes the majority of degradation products, they are therefore used as indicators during damage investigations. If the indicators are detected in the indoor air, it is likely that a damage has occured in the floor construction and this is later checked with moisture measurements. However, the problem with moisture measurements in emission-damaged concrete is that some investigators fears that these indicators affects the moisture measurements by measuring a lower relative humidity (RH) than it actually is. The thesis is structured as an experimental work with moisture measurements performed in Polygon AK's laboratory. In the laboratory it was tested whether the indicators, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and n-butanol, affects moisture measurements. This was done with specimens of pure concrete by first determining the RH followed by dropping the indicators into the samples and then the development in RH was followed. Furthermore, eventual drifting in the measuring instruments was checked before and after each follow-up. The measurement results from the experiments showed no effect of what the damage investigators feared of, that the indicators would have an impact by measuring the moisture level lower than the actual moisture level. The effect was not detected either by lower measured humidity levels or by drifting of the measuring instruments.

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TALLARICO, LENITA de F. "Avaliacao dos efeitos toxicos e mutagenicos de amostras ambientais do Rio Tiete na regiao de Suzano em Biomphalaria glabrata (SAY, 1818)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9382.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Schallhorn, Charles Joseph. "Coherence-based transmissibility as a damage indicator for highway bridges." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2007.

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Vibration-based damage detection methods are used in structural applications to identify the global dynamic response of the system. The purpose of the work presented is to exhibit a vibration-based damage detection algorithm that calculates a damage indicator, based on limited frequency bands of the transmissibility function that have high coherence, as a metric for changes in the dynamic integrity of the structure. The methodology was tested using numerical simulation, laboratory experimentation, and field testing with success in detecting, comparatively locating, and relatively quantifying different damages while also parametrically investigating variables which have been identified as issues within similar existing methods. Throughout both the numerical and laboratory analyses, the results were used to successfully detect damage as a result of crack growth or formation of new cracks. Field results using stochastic operational traffic loading have indicated the capability of the proposed methodology in evaluating the changes in the health condition of a section of the bridge and in consistently detecting cracks of various sizes (30 to 60 mm) on a sacrificial specimen integrated with the bridge abutment and a floor beam. Fluctuations in environmental and loading conditions have been known to create some uncertainties in most damage detection processes; however, this work demonstrated that by limiting the features of transmissibility to frequency ranges of high coherence, the effect of these parameters, as compared to the effect of damage, become less significant and can be neglected for some instances. The results of additional field testing using controlled impact forces on the sacrificial specimen have reinforced the findings from the operational loading in detecting damage.

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Winfield, Kaye R. "Extraction of desmosines from urine : an indicator for inflammatory lung damage." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0059.

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[Truncated abstract] Urinary desmosines have been proposed as a biomarker for inflammatory lung damage. Desmosine, a breakdown product of elastin, is an effective marker of the degradation of elastin and has been studied in many disease scenarios where there is acute and chronic lung inflammation. Lung matrix degradation has been proven in vitro and in vivo with many experiments showing that the excess proteases degrades lung matrix. The secretion of proteases by neutrophils is an innate response of the body to the invasion by micro organisms and when secreted in excess, the protective anti-protease mechanism is swamped. Chronic inflammation and persistent infection eventually leads to bronchiectasis and respiratory failure. Urinary desmosine has been shown to be elevated in respiratory conditions with acute and chronic inflammation . . . Urinary desmosine levels in a large cohort of healthy children have been established using this method and predictive Z-score formulae have been developed to use in children with lung disease. Exploration of these scores in children with CF have shown that the levels of urinary desmosine appear to be sensitive to the clinical setting, where high urinary desmosine levels were present during exacerbation and significantly reduced when treated for infection with antibiotic therapy and physiotherapy. The study of young children under the age of seven was undertaken to determine if the urinary desmosine levels could indicate when lung damage was occurring and to determine what mechanisms might be involved. Since there appeared to be no apparent relationship between elevated desmosines and proteases in the lung in young children with CF, further studies are required to define the mechanisms behind increased elastin metabolism in those children.

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Vickery, Emma Jane. "Monitoring peatland damage and restoration using testate amoebae as indicator organisms." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2338.

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This thesis has examined the response of testate amoebae communities to restoration at three peatland sites in the UK. It builds upon the use of testate amoebae analysis as a palaeoenvironmental tool by exploring the hypothesis that testate amoebae respond to hydrological conditions in restored mires. Previous research has found that testate amoebae act as good proxies for hydrological condition of intact mires and past conditions but little has been done on their reaction to conditions at damaged sites in the UK. The research aimed to further the understanding of testate amoebae ecology including seasonal variability of communities, a poorly understood area. The secondary aim was to assess the potential for using testate amoebae as biological indicators of peatland damage and restoration. These aims were achieved through studies at three sites covering a range of damage commonly affecting UK sites. The experiments entailed repeated monitoring of a ditch blocking experiment at Coorn Rigg Moss which has been affected by peripheral forestry drains, a study of forest removal treatments at Flanders Moss and a study of rewetted cutover surfaces at Fenn's and Whixall Mosses. The results were analysed using a variety of statistical and multivariate methods. Data on water table and moisture conditions were also analysed and the results of the two were compared. 'Me results showed that testate amoebae communities responded to hydrological conditions but depth to water table was not always the primary factor affecting community composition. The results of the research indicate that testate amoebae analysis does have potential as a tool for monitoring peatland restoration but further research is necessary to fully understand the factors affecting distributions.

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Winfield, Kaye R. "Extraction of desmosines from urine : an indicator for inflammatory lung damage /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0059.

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Twier, Khaled. "Damage control laparatomy for abdominal gunshot wounds: indications, mortality and long term outcomes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27547.

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Background: Outcomes of patients subjected to damage control laparotomy (DCL) for abdominal gunshot wounds (GSWs) remains relatively unknown. There is limited evidence as to which variables may reliably predict morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of DCL on long term morbidity and survival, to determine clinical characteristics associated with increased mortality, and to evaluate the indications for DCL in patients with abdominal GSWs. Methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent a damage control laparotomy for abdominal GSWs at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) was conducted. Data was collected on 50 consecutive trauma patients over a 4.5 years period (between August 1st, 2004 and September 30th, 2009). Patients were stratified by, age, preoperative and intraoperative physiological parameters, trauma indices, numbers and locations of abdominal GSWs, extra abdominal involvement, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, morbidity and mortality. Unadjusted and adjusted estimates of the association between these factors and the odds of survival were computed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most of the patients were male (96%) with a mean age 29.7 year. Most patients had a single abdominal gunshot wound (60%). Liver injuries were the most common injury (58%) followed by small bowel (44%), 20 majors venous (40%), and colonic injury (38%) injuries. The overall mortality was 54%. The mean of length stay in the intensive care unit was 7 days with overall mean hospital length of stay of 13 days. Factor an associated with a decreased odd of survival included Penetrating abdominal trauma index(PATI) >25, pre-operative infusion of less than two litres of crystalloids, intra-operative blood lactate level >8mmol/L, massive transfusion >10 units PRBCs. Conclusion: The overall mortality of patients requiring DCL for abdominal GSWs was 54%. In this limited study, there is significant evidence that after controlling for confounding PATI score of >25 is associated with a decreased odds of survival (OR:0.20, p-value 0.04).

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Grant, Eugene. "INTERCEPTOR TARGET MISSILE TELEMETRY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607598.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
A target missile is a unique piece of test hardware. This test tool must be highly reliable, low cost and simple and must perform any task that the developing interceptor missile planners require. The target missile must have ample power and guidance resources to put the target in a specified place in the sky at a desired time. The telemetry and measurement system for the target missile must have the same requirements as its interceptor missile but must be flexible enough to accept new requirements as they are applied to the target and its interceptor. The United States Army has tasked Coleman Aerospace to design and build this type of target missile. This paper describes and analyzes the telemetry and instrumentation system that a Hera target missile carries. This system has been flying for the past two years, has completed seven out of seven successful test flights and has accomplished all test objectives to date. The telemetry and instrumentation system is an integral part of the missile self-test system. All preflight checks and flight simulations are made with the on-board three-link telemetry system through a radio frequency (RF) link directly through the missile antenna system to a ground station antenna. If an RF transmission path is not available due to test range restrictions, a fiber-optic cable links the pulse code modulator (PCM) encoder to the receiving ground stations which include the bitsync, decommutator and recorders. With this capability, alternative testing is not limited by RF test range availability. The ground stations include two mobile stations and a factory station for all testing including preflight testing of the missile system prior to flight test launches. These three ground stations are built in a single configuration with additional equipment in the mobile units for use at remote locations. The design, fabrication, testing and utilization of these ground stations are reviewed. The telemetry system is a modification of the classical PCM system and will operate with its interceptor missile at least into the first decade from the year 2000.

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Hui, Yi. "Development and experimental validation of vibration based damage indicator on a specific twin-wall sandwich structure." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC032.

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La surveillance de santé structurale (SHM) a attiré beaucoup d'attention dans de nombreux domaines tels que l'industrie civile, aéronautique, mécanique, etc., car il est important de surveiller l'état de la structure afin d'éviter des défaillances structurelles imprévues. Le processus d'identification des endommagements à quatre niveaux: existence, localisation, sévérité et prédiction de l'évolution des endommagements peut être partiellement réalisé si un propre indicateur est bien choisi. Il existe différents indicateurs d'endommagements dont la gamme d'application de la fréquence s'étend de la réponse vibratoire à basses fréquences aux régimes ultrasoniques dans la gamme méga hertz.Les structures sandwich sont largement utilisées dans diverses applications d'ingénierie en raison de son rapport rigidité / poids exceptionnellement élevé par rapport aux structures monocoques. Dans ce travail, une structure sandwich a été étudiée et des indicateurs basés sur la réponse vibratoire ont été conçus en utilisant ses caractéristiques de directivité de propagation et d'amortissement relativement élevé de la structure. Des investigations numériques sur différents scénarios d'endommagement (càd, différents types d'endommagement et leurs combinaisons) et une discussion associée sur la plage d'application ont d'abord été effectuées. La configuration expérimentale a été facilement réalisée à l'aide d'un vibromètre laser à balayage Doppler (SLDV). L'endommagement a été détecté avec succès par les indicateurs proposés
Structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted much attention in many engineering fields like civil, aeronautic, mechanical industry, etc. since it is important to monitor the healthy condition of the operational structure in order to avoid unpredicted structural failure which may have severe consequences. The four-level damage identification process: existence, localization, severity and prediction of damage evolution, can be partly realized if a suitable indicator is chosen. It exists different damage indicators whose application range of frequency spans from vibrational response at low frequencies to the ultrasonic regimes in the mega hertz range.The sandwich structures are widely used in various engineering applications due to its exceptionally high flexural stiffness-to-weight ratio compared to monocoque structures. In this thesis a specified twin-wall sandwich structure in polypropylene was studied and vibration-based indicators were designed by taking use of its relative high damping and propagation directivity characteristics. Numerical investigations on different damage scenarios (i.e., different types of defect and their combinations) and an associated discussion on the range of application were first carried out. Experimental configuration was easily realized with the help of a scanning laser doppler vibrometer (SLDV). Defect was successfully detected by the proposed indicators

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22

Zhelyazkov, Aleksandar. "Development of a Damage Indicator Based on Detection of High-Frequency Transients Monitored in Bridge Piers During Earthquake Ground Shaking." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/272732.

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Real-time structural health monitoring is a well established tool for post-earthquake damage estimation. A key component in the monitoring campaign is the approach used for processing the data from the structural health monitoring system. There is a large body of literature on signal processing approaches aimed at identifying ground-motion induced damage in civil engineering structures. This dissertation expands on a specific subgroup of processing approaches dealing with the identification of damage induced high-frequency transients in the monitoring data. The underlying intuition guiding the current research can be formulated in the following hypothesis - the time difference between the occurrence of a high-frequency transient and the closest deformation extremum forward in time is proportional to the degree of damage. A mathematical deduction is provided in support of the above hypothesis followed by a set of shaking table tests. For the purposes of this research two shaking table tests of reinforced concrete bridge piers were performed. Data from a shaking table test performed by another research group was also analyzed. The cases in which the proposed procedure could find a practical application are examined along with the present limitations.

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23

Zhelyazkov, Aleksandar. "Development of a Damage Indicator Based on Detection of High-Frequency Transients Monitored in Bridge Piers During Earthquake Ground Shaking." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/272732.

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Real-time structural health monitoring is a well established tool for post-earthquake damage estimation. A key component in the monitoring campaign is the approach used for processing the data from the structural health monitoring system. There is a large body of literature on signal processing approaches aimed at identifying ground-motion induced damage in civil engineering structures. This dissertation expands on a specific subgroup of processing approaches dealing with the identification of damage induced high-frequency transients in the monitoring data. The underlying intuition guiding the current research can be formulated in the following hypothesis - the time difference between the occurrence of a high-frequency transient and the closest deformation extremum forward in time is proportional to the degree of damage. A mathematical deduction is provided in support of the above hypothesis followed by a set of shaking table tests. For the purposes of this research two shaking table tests of reinforced concrete bridge piers were performed. Data from a shaking table test performed by another research group was also analyzed. The cases in which the proposed procedure could find a practical application are examined along with the present limitations.

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24

Blomqvist, Göran. "De-icing salt and the roadside environment : Air-borne exposure, damage to Norway spruce and system monitoring." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3140.

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After decades of investigation, we still have to deal withthe problem of environmental effects of the use of de-icingsalt on roads. Lacking useful indicators of the system, westill do not know the environmental utility of ameliorativemeasures taken. The thesis aims at

i) describing the system of de-icing practices and theirenvironmental effects with special reference to the exposure ofthe roadside environment to air-borne salt and damage to Norwayspruce seedlings and ii) at proposing indicators for afollow-up system. By collecting bulk deposition and relatingthe deposition pattern to factors concerning wind androad-maintenance characteristics, the influence of thesefactors on air-borne exposure is investigated. By exposingNorway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) seedlings to roadsideconditions the influence ofsalt exposure on the degree ofdamage is investigated. Based on a comparison of severalsystems of monitoring, improvements are suggested by proposingnew indicators for salt use and its environmental effects.

A large part of the salt that is applied on the road surfacewill be transported by air and deposited on the ground in theroadside. While the vast majority of the salt will be depositedwithin some tens of metres of the road, some may still be windtransported several hundred metres away. The wind directionplays an important role for the deposition already at adistance of some ten metres from the road. Wind speedinfluences the distance to which the salt is transported.Chloride concentration in unwashed needles collected after thesalting season is positively related to the bulk deposition ofCl during the exposure. The degree of damage can be describedby a sigmoid curve of response to the Cl concentration inneedles. Improvements to the follow-up system are suggested byproposing indicators of the driving forces, pressures, states,impacts and possible responses as regards the undesired impactson water resources, vegetation and the roadside scenery as asocietal asset.

Keywords:road, de-icing salt, air-borne, environmentalimpact, vegetation damage, Norway spruce, seedling, follow-up,monitoring, indicator

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25

Yang, Fangtao. "Simulation of continuous damage and fracture in metal-forming processes with 3D mesh adaptive methodology." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2385/document.

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Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre des recherches menées dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre le laboratoire Roberval de l'Université de Technologie de Compiègne et l'équipe dans le cadre du projet ANR-14-CE07-0035 LASMIS de l'Institut Charles Delaunay de l'Université de Technologie de Troyes. Nous présentons dans ces travaux une h-méthodologie adaptative tridimensionnelle des éléments finis afin de représenter l'initiation et la propagation des fissures dans des matériaux ductiles. Un modèle élasto-plastique couplé à l'endommagement isotrope proposé par l'équipe du LASMIS/UTT est utilisé. Les applications visées à terme concernent principalement la mise en forme des métaux. Dans ce contexte, une formulation Lagrangienne actualisée est employée et des remaillages fréquents s'avèrent essentiels afin d'une part d'éviter les fortes distorsions d'éléments dues aux grandes déformations plastiques et d'autre part de suivre les modifications de la topologie résultant de la création de fissures. La taille du nouveau maillage doit permettre à moindre coût représenter avec précision l'évolution des gradients des quantités physiques représentatives des phénomènes étudiées (plasticité, endommagement...). Nous proposons des indicateurs empiriques de taille d'éléments basés sur la déformation plastique ainsi que sur l'endommagement. Une courbe définie par morceau représente l'évolution de la taille d'élément suivant la sévérité de la plasticité et le cas échéant de l'endommagement. Les fissures sont représentées par une méthode de destruction d'éléments qui permet une description aisée de la géométrie de ces dernières et une gestion simplifiée de la fissuration sans nul besoin de critères additionnels. En revanche, pour permettre une description réaliste des fissures, ces dernières doivent être représentées par l'érosion des éléments de plus petite taille. Un solveur ABAQUS/Explicit® est utilisé avec des éléments tétraédriques quadratiques (C3D10M) évitant notamment les problèmes de verrouillage numérique survenant lors de l'analyse de structures en matériau compressible ou quasi-incompressible. Le contrôle de la plus petite taille du maillage est important dans un contexte explicite. De surcroît, pour les phénomènes adoucissant, la solution dépend de la taille de maille considérée alors comme un paramètre intrinsèque. Une étude nous a permis de constater que lorsque le maillage est suffisamment raffiné, les effets de la dépendance au maillage se réduisaient. Dans la littérature, les coûts de maillage ou de remaillage fréquents sont souvent considérés comme prohibitifs et de nombreux auteurs s'appuient sur cet argument pour introduire, avec succès certes, des méthodes alternatives qui limitent le coût des opérations de remaillage sans toutefois les éliminer (XFEM par exemple). Nos travaux montrent que le coût d'un remaillage local est négligeable par rapport au calcul. Compte tenu de la complexité de la géométrie et de la nécessité de raffiner le maillage, la seule alternative à ce jour est d'utiliser un mailleur en tétraèdres. La stratégie de remaillage local en tétraèdre s'appuie sur une méthode de bisection suivie si nécessaire d'une optimisation locale du maillage proposé par A. Rassineux en 2003. Le remaillage, même local, doit s'accompagner de procédures de transfert de champ des variables nodales et aux points d'intégration. Les variables nodales sont, comme le fait la plupart des auteurs, transférées en utilisant les fonctions de forme éléments finis. Le transfert de champ en 3D aux points de Gauss et les nombreux problèmes sous-jacents ont été relativement peu abordés dans la littérature
This work is part of the research carried out in the framework of a collaboration between the Roberval laboratory of the Compiègne University of Technology and the team within the framework of the project ANR-14-CE07-0035 LASMIS of the Charles Delaunay Institute of Technology University of Troyes. In this work, we present a three-dimensional adaptive Pi-methodology of finite elements to represent the initiation and propagation of cracks in ductile materials. An elastoplastic model coupled with the isotropic damage proposed by the LASMIS / UTT team is used. The targeted applications will mainly concern the metal forming. In this context, an updated Lagrangian formulation is used and frequent remeshing is essential in order to avoid the strong distortion of elements due to large plastic deformations and to follow the modifications of the topology resulting in the creation of cracks. The size of the new mesh must allow at a lower cost to accurately represent the evolution of the gradients of the physical quantities representative of the studied phenomena (plasticity, damage ...). We propose empirical indicators of size of elements based on the plastic deformation as well as on the damage. A piecewise defined curve represents the evolution of the element size according to the severity of the plasticity and, if appropriate, the damage. The cracks are represented by a method of destruction of elements which allows an easy description of the geometry and a simplified treatment of the cracking without any need for additional criteria. On the other hand, to allow a realistic description of the cracks, the latter must be represented by erosion smaller elements. An ABAQUS / Explicit@ solver is used with quadratic tetrahedral elements (C3DIOM), avoiding in particular the problems of numerical locking occurring during the analysis of structures in compressible or quasi-incompressible material. The control of the smaller mesh size is important in an explicit context. In addition, for softening phenomena, the solution depends on the mesh size considered as an intrinsic parameter. A study has shown that when the mesh is sufficiently refined, the effects of mesh dependence are reduced. In the literature, the costs of frequent meshing or remeshing are often considered prohibitive and many authors rely on this argument to introduce, with success, alternative methods that limit the cost of remeshing operations without eliminating them ( XFEM for example). Our work shows that the cost of local remeshing is negligible compared to the calculation. Given the complexity of the geometry and the need to refine the mesh, the only alternative to date is to use a mesh in tetrahedra. The strategy of local remeshing tetrahedron is based on a bisection method followed if necessary by a local optimization of the grid proposed by A. Rassineux in 2003. The remeshing, even local, must be accompanied by field transfer procedures on both nodal variables and integration points. Node variables are, as most authors do, transferred using finite element shape functions. The 3D field transfer at Gauss points and the many underlying problems have been relatively untouched in the literature. The main difficulties to be solved in order to ensure the "quality" of the transfer concern the limitation of numerical diffusion, the lack of information near borders, the respect of boundary conditions, the equilibrium, the calculation costs, the filtering of the information points, crucial problems in 3D where the number of Gauss points used is several hundred. We propose a so-called "hybrid" method which consists, initially, in extrapolating the data at the Gauss points, in the nodes by diffuse interpolation and then in using the finite element form functions to obtain the value at the point considered

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OLIVEIRA, ELAINE M. de. "Avaliacao do efeito biologico da radiacao beta do sup[90]Sr em celulas sanguineas humanas e elaboracao de curva dose resposta." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10815.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:44:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06865.pdf: 2088769 bytes, checksum: 011acb7fa0ff799f54b79805918ddfb3 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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27

Nortes-Martinez, David. "Prise en compte de la multiscalarité dans la modélisation économique de la vulnérabilité aux inondations : apport d'un modèle multi-agent appliqué aux systèmes coopératifs viticoles." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSAM0003.

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Les conséquences néfastes des inondations sur la société sont le résultat probable de facteurs socio-économiques. Les nouvelles pratiques en matière de prévention des dommages causés par les inondations se sont éloignées de la mise en œuvre de mesures structurelles pour inclure également des mesures non structurelles intégrant les services des écosystèmes, exploitant ainsi le potentiel des écosystèmes pour prévenir, réguler et réduire les risques liés à l'eau.Ce changement, même s'il poursuit des niveaux plus élevés de prévention des risque et des dommages, ainsi qu'une volonté de durabilité économique, renforce la protection des zones urbaines et industrielles au détriment des zones rurales et agricoles (plus exposées)Mais les secteurs agricoles ont en réalité des structures singulières qui les rendent particulièrement vulnérables aux fluctuations des revenus et des cash flows.L'agriculture est aussi de plus en plus considérée comme un système socio-écologique complexe (SES), constitué de l'ensemble des activités agricoles, du territoire, de l'environnement et des relations établies entre ces trois éléments.En tant que tels, il existe des facteurs qui, à plusieurs niveaux, jouent un rôle fondamental dans la détermination de la vulnérabilité du système agricole.Dans la mesure où la discrimination entre les types d'exploitations est essentielle pour fournir des évaluations des impacts et des vulnérabilités fiables, cette thèse se concentre sur la production de vin et propose une étude micro-économique du Système Coopératif de Vinification (SCV).Ce système présente des caractéristiques qui le caractérisent comme une SES.Nous cherchons donc à étudier dans quelle mesure l'intégration de plusieurs échelles d'analyse contribuent à la détection, à la compréhension et à la caractérisation des facteurs de vulnérabilité d'un SCV aux risques d’inondation.Nous considérons la vulnérabilité comme une propriété intrinsèque de tout élément/système qui dépend de la sensibilité à subir des dommages et de la capacité à faire face aux conséquences de l’aléa.Ce en quoi nous pouvons évaluer la vulnérabilité d'un système et ses facteurs via l'estimation des dommages causés par les inondations.Nous proposons et construisons un nouveau modèle d'évaluation des dommages aux inondations pour le SCV (modèle COOPER), basé sur des données obtenues de deux cas d'étude dans le Sud de la France: les départements de l'Aude et du Var.Pour développer le modèle COOPER, nous utilisons une approche multiagent qui nous permet de faire une description du système "bottom-up", en identifiant les entités selon leurs intérêts, leurs interactions et l'environnement dans lequel elles se déroulent.L’utilisation du modèle COOPER comme laboratoire d’évaluation ex-ante des dommages causés par de multiples inondations met en évidence l’importance d’une identification correcte des interactions entre les éléments du système.Si les interactions ne sont pas bien identifiées, les dommages sur le système (et par autant la vulnérabilité) peuvent soit être surestimés, soit sous-estimés.Aussi, la possibilité de décrire en détail les agents et les règles du système productif, ainsi que la présence d'interactions explicites, nous permettent d'identifier et d'estimer le poids que différents facteurs significatifs ont dans la susceptibilité du système à subir un préjudice ou la capacité à faire face aux conséquences d'un risque d'inondation
New practices in flood damage prevention have moved away from the implementation of structural measures, embracing as well non-structural measures that integrate ecosystem services, taking advantage of the ecosystems’ potential to prevent, regulate and scale down water-related hazards.This shift, even though it pursues higher levels of risk prevention, damage reduction and economic sustainability, is incrementing the exposure of rural and farming areas for greater protection of urban and industrial ones.But agricultural sectors have in fact singular structural patterns that make them particularly vulnerable to income and cash flow shifts. Moreover, agriculture is increasingly considered as a complex Socio-ecological system (SES), formed by the ensemble of farming activities, territory, environment, and the relations established among these three elements.As such, there might exist factors that, acting along several scales, play a fundamental role in the determination of the vulnerability of the agricultural system.Insofar farm-type discrimination is essential to provide reliable assessments of impacts and vulnerabilities, this dissertation focuses on wine production and proposes a microeconomic study of the cooperative winemaking system (CWS). This system exhibits features that characterize it as a SES. Thus, we seek to study to what extent the integration of several scales of analysis contributes to the detection, understanding and characterization of the drivers of vulnerability of a CWS to flood hazards.We consider vulnerability as an intrinsic property of any element/system that depends on the sensitivity to suffer harm and the capacity to cope in the aftermath of the hazard. Accordingly we can evaluate and asses the vulnerability of a system and its drivers through the estimation of flood damages.We propose and build a novel model for the assessment of flood damages of a CWS (the COOPER model), based on data elicited from two study cases in southern France: Aude and Var counties. To develop the COOPER model we use an agent-based model approach, which enables us to describe the system from the bottom-up identifying the entities of interest, their interactions and the environment in which they take place.The use of the COOPER model as laboratory for the ex-ante assessment of damages of multiple flood events highlights, despite scales the importance of the correct identification of interactions between elements in the system. Their misidentification may lead to either the overestimation or the underestimation of damages, thus vulnerability of the system. Furthermore, the possibility to describe in detail both agents and rules within the productive system, together with the presence of explicit interactions, enable us to identify and estimate the weight that different significant factors have in the susceptibility of the system to suffer harm or the capacity to cope with the consequences of the a flood hazard

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28

Künnemann, Kathi 1982. "Expression and role of cyclin O in colorectal cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120756.

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Cyclin O, a novel identified Cdk1 and Cdk2-binding cyclin, has been demonstrated to be required for apoptosis induced by intrinsic apoptotic stimuli. Because proteins implicated in apoptosis are often deregulated in cancer, we aimed to study the expression and role of Cyclin O in Colorectal carcinomas. We demonstrate that Cyclin O is overexpressed in CRC already during early stages of tumour development. Cyclin O expression correlated with a better prognosis of the CRC patients. Furthermore, we could show that loss of one Cyclin O allele leads to a higher adenoma count in a mouse model of CRC, the APCmin/+ mouse, suggesting that Cyclin O has tumour suppressor functions. Addtionally, we observed Cyclin O expression in the histologically normal APCmin/+ mouse- and in human peritumoral- intestinal epithelium. Accordingly, we hypothesise that Cyclin O could act as an early indicator of epithelial cell transformation to CRC.
La Ciclina O, una ciclina que ha estat identificada recentment i que s'uneix amb Cdk1 i Cdk2, s'ha demostrat ser necessària per a l'apoptosis induïda per estímuls intrinsecs. Donat que les proteïnes implicades en apoptosis solen estar desregulades en el càncer, nosaltres hem volgut estudiar l'expressió i la implicació de la Ciclina O en carcinomes colorectals (CRC). Hem demostrat que la Ciclina O es sobreexpressa en estadis prematurs de CRC. L'expressió de la Ciclina O correlaciona amb una millor pronòstic en pacients amb CRC. A més, hem demostrat que la pèrdua d'un al·lel de la Ciclina O comporta l'aparició d'un major nombre d'adenomes en un model de ratolí de CRC, els ratolin s APCmin/+. Això ens indica que la Ciclina O funciona com un gen supressor de tumors. També hem observat expressió de la Ciclina O en teixits no tumorals de l'epitel·li intestinal dels ratolins APCmin/+ i en teixit peritumorals de pacients amb CRC. Amb aquestes observacions hem arribat a formular la hipòtesi de que la Ciclina O podria ser útil com a indicador precoç de la transformació de cèl·lula epitel·lial a tumoral en los pacientes de CRC.

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Novák, Jan. "Analýza návrhových prvků okružních křižovatek v závislosti na nehodovost." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390280.

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The dissertation deals with the analysis of roundabout design elements and their impact on accidents. The analysis objective was to identify the important elements of roundabouts that have impact on accidents. In order to achieve this goal, the multifactorial statistical safety assessment method was used on the basis of a representative sample of data, by developing several safety performance functions, verifying them and interpreting the result. Several design elements, which from the point of view of the traffic accident mechanism belong to the infrastructure factor, have been identified: AADT, average diameter, entrance width, entry angle, direct passage angle, location and many others. The original sample contained about 1200 roundabouts, which were reduced to 200 based on data availability. Accident frequencies were monitored between 2009 and 2016, i.e. for eight years, resulting in total 2674 roundabouts accidents. The result is an accident prediction model, developer based on roundabout approach design elements, and map of critical roundabouts, identified based on empirical Bayes estimate of accident frequency. Following approach parameters were identified: AADT, entry angle, distance between collision points, deviation of angles between approaches, presence of apron, presence of bypass, entry type, presence of pedestrian crossing and surrounding area type.

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Zorana, Šobot Matić. "Istraživanje uslova za smanjenje rizika prilikom osiguranja motornih vozila." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101469&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Prevencija u osiguranju motornih vozila postaje permanentan proces, koji se usavršava i nadograđuje. Povećan rizik prevara u osiguranju zahteva automatizaciju procesa osiguranja i procene šteta na motornim vozilima, kao i modelovanje samog procesa uz određen nivo razmene podataka. Funkcionisanje celokupnog sistema zavisi od definisanja elemenata koji dovode do povećanog rizika prevara u osiguranju motornih vozila. Uspostavljanje procesa automatizacije će takve rizike umanjiti i ublažiti a ujedno povećati i obim osiguranja. Na bazi dobijenih podataka će biti omogućeno filtriranje i blagovremena automatska selekcija a sistem primenjiv u osiguranju.
Prevention in motor insurance becomes a permanent process, which isimproved and upgraded. Increased risk of fraud in insurance claims processautomation and security assessments of damage to motor vehicles, as wellas the modeling of the process with a certain level of data exchange. Thefunctioning of the entire system depends on the definition of the elementsthat lead to an increased risk of fraud in motor insurance. Establishment ofprocess automation will reduce such risks and also increase insurancecoverage. Based on the obtained data will be able to filter and timelyautomatic selection and the system will be able to be effective in insurance.

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Santos, Fábio André Ferreira dos. "Influência das condições do pré-abate na inspeção sanitária de suínos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10850.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Neste trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar a influência de alguns fatores de stress do pré-abate nos indicadores de bem-estar em suínos (Sus domesticus), nomeadamente o número de animais por veículo, a distância total percorrida, a duração do transporte, a distância percorrida nos diferentes tipos de estrada e o tempo de permanência dos suínos na abegoaria antes do abate. Pretendeu-se relacionar esses fatores, no momento da inspeção post mortem, com os indicadores de bem-estar na carcaça: lesões na pele do tipo 1, 2 e 3 nos membros, lesões na pele de outras regiões anatómicas que não os membros, fraturas e número de animais mortos no transporte e na abegoaria. A amostra foi composta por 1.580 animais que foram abatidos em dois matadouros diferentes. No total, os animais foram conduzidos por 49 percursos diferentes entre as explorações de origem, localizadas em Portugal continental, nas regiões centro, área metropolitana de Lisboa e Alentejo e o local de abate. O indicador mais observado foram os hematomas na pele, os mais superficiais ou com tamanhos entre 2 e 3 cm (lesões na pele do tipo 1). Este indicador revelou ser influenciado pelo número de quilómetros em estradas secundárias, terciárias ou vias rápidas, pelo tempo de permanência na abegoaria e pelo número de animais por veículo. A distância total percorrida mostrou ser um fator de stress com influência significativa no número de mortos na abegoaria e nas lesões na pele do tipo 3 nos membros. As vias rápidas foram o tipo de estrada que mais influenciou os indicadores estudados. O tempo de permanência dos animais na abegoaria e a diminuição do número de animais por veículo, mostraram ter influência no aparecimento de lesões da pele do tipo 1. Assim, confirmou-se a importância das condições do pré-abate no bem-estar dos animais, o que não só afeta a qualidade da carne como também tem implicações económicas na cadeia da carne de suíno.
ABSTRACT - In this study we intended to assess the influence of stress factors in the pre slaughter welfare indicators of the pig (Sus domesticus), namely: the number of animals per vehicle, total distance traveled, duration of transport, distance traveled in different types of road and the time spent at the abbatoir before slaughter. Following, a correlation between these factors with carcass welfare indicators was sought. The welfare indicators considered were skin lesions on the limbs, skin lesions in anatomical regions other than the limbs, fractures and the number of dead animals during transport and at the abbatoir. The population sample included 1.580 animals slaughtered at two different slaughter-houses. In total, 49 different routes were used between the farm of origin and the allocated slaughter-house, all within the central, metropolitan Lisbon and Alentejo regions of continental Portugal. The most observed indicator was superficial or 2 to 3 cm wide skin hematomas (type 1 skin lesion). This indicator proved to be influenced by the number of kilometers traveled by secondary, tertiary or fast routes, the time spent at the abbatoir and the number of animals per vehicle. The total distance traveled proved to be a stress factor with significant influence in the number of dead animals at the abbatoir and the appearance of type 3 skin lesions in the limbs. Fast routes were the type of route that most influenced the factors considered. The time spent at the abbatoir and the decrease in the number of animals per vehicle proved to have influence in the appearance of type 1 skin lesions. In summary, we confirmed the importance of pre-slaughter conditions in the welfare of the animals, which have a negative impact not only in the quality of the meat but in the economic balance of the chain production of pork meat.

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Racle, Elie. "Comportement d'un composite à matrice céramique en fatigue et mise en place d'indicateurs d'endommagement par émission acoustique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0071.

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La compréhension du comportement d'un composite à matrice céramique (CMC) lorsqu'il est sollicité en fatigue est l'un des points clés pour permettre son utilisation dans un cadre industriel. Il est en effet nécessaire de déterminer la chronologie des différents mécanismes d'endommagement ainsi que d'estimer la durée de vie en conditions d'utilisation. Il est alors nécessaire de réaliser une caractérisation mécanique mais aussi de définir des indicateurs d'endommagement permettant la prévision de durée de vie. Dans ce but, il est intéressant de coupler l'analyse des paramètres mécaniques et les observations microstructurales à des techniques de suivi en temps réel de l'endommagement. L'émission acoustique (EA) est une méthode de suivi non destructive qui permet de répondre à cette problématique. Elle permet notamment de quantifier et de localiser l'endommagement. Dans ce travail, de nouveaux indicateurs d'endommagement sont mis en place tels la "Sévérité" des signaux définie à partir de l'énergie acoustique ainsi que la "Sentry function" définie à partir de l'énergie acoustique et de l'énergie mécanique. Ce travail s'articule autour de deux principaux axes. Dans un premier temps il s'agit de caractériser les effets de la sollicitation cyclique sur ce type de matériau, ceci notamment en comparant l'évolution des paramètres mécaniques, les observations microstructurales ainsi que l’analyse de l'évolution globale de l'émission acoustique (EA) lorsque le matériau est soumis à un chargement statique et à un chargement cyclique. La seconde partie consiste à déterminer un scenario d'endommagement. Dans un premier temps, les signaux d’EA sont analysés en fonction de leur détection dans le cycle (charge/décharge). Ensuite la détermination de la signature acoustique des différents mécanismes d'endommagement par application de techniques de reconnaissance de formes supervisées a permis d'évaluer leur chronologie d'activation durant les essais de fatigue cyclique. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence un ensemble de mécanismes propres à la sollicitation cyclique, composé principalement de décohésion et de frottement aux interfaces fibre/matrice et matrice/matrice. De plus, l'utilisation de l'émission acoustique a permis de définir des temps caractéristiques ou critiques pouvant être utilisés dans un objectif de prévision de la durée de vie. En effet, par exemple la sévérité des signaux a permis de mettre en évidence un temps caractéristique situé entre 25 et 45% de la durée de vie du matériau. La détection en temps réel de ce temps caractéristique permet d'estimer la durée de vie restante
The full understanding of a ceramic matrix composite under fatigue loading is needed in view of industrial applications. It is necessary to determine the damage mechanisms chronology and to be able to forecast the lifetime of the material in the conditions of use. To reach these purposes, a mechanical characterisation has to be done as well as the definition of damage indicators. It is then interesting to link the analysis of mechanical parameters and microscope observations with a non-destructive monitoring technique. Acoustic emission (AE) appears to be a good candidate to monitor material damage under loading. It makes the quantification and the material damage localisation possible. In this study, indicators based on released acoustic energy are used as "Severity" of signals or "Sentry function" which depends on both acoustic and mechanical energies. This work is organised in two parts. First, the analysis of mechanical parameters behaviour, material microstructure and global evolution of acoustic emission under static and cyclic loading makes the characterisation of the effects of cyclic fatigue on the material possible. The second part consists in determining a damage scenario. First acoustic emission signals are analysed depending on their acquisition during a cycle (loading or unloading). Then the connection between the acoustic emission signals and the different damage mechanisms, using a supervised clustering method, facilitated the estimation of the activation of these different damage mechanisms during cyclic fatigue tests. This study pointed out different damage mechanisms generated by cyclic loading, which are mainly debonding and friction at matrix/fibre and matrix/matrix interfaces. In addition, damage indicators based on acoustic emission enabled to determine characteristic times which can be used for lifetime forecast. For example, signal severity shows a characteristic time between 25% and 45% of the time to ultimate failure. Detection of this time in real-time during a test can be used to estimate the time of the ultimate failure of the material

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Pagani, V. "INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS FOR THE SIMULATION OF BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES IN MODEL-BASED YIELD FORECASTING SYSTEMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/487500.

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The raising global demand for agricultural products and the exacerbated inter-annual fluctuations of food productions due to climate change are increasing world food price volatility and threatening food security in developing countries. In this context, the availability of reliable operational yield forecasting systems would allow policy makers to regulate agricultural markets. However, the reliability of the current approaches (the most sophisticated being based on crop models) is undermined by different sources of uncertainty. In particular, large area simulations can be affected by errors deriving from the uncertainty in input data (e.g., sowing dates, information on cultivar/hybrid grown, management practices) and upscaling assumptions, as well as from the incomplete adequacy of crop models to reproduce the effects of key factors affecting inter-annual yield fluctuations (e.g., extreme weather events, pests, diseases). The aim of this Ph.D. project was to reduce the uncertainty affecting the existing model-based forecasting systems through: (i) the implementation of approaches for the estimation of the impact of biotic and abiotic stressors on crop yields (based on dynamic models and on dedicated agro-climatic indicators), and (ii) the integration of remote sensing information within crop models. Concerning the first objective, the approaches for the simulation of transplanting shock and cold-induced spikelet sterility in rice included in Oryza2000 and WARM models, respectively, were improved, by increasing the model adherence to the underlying systems. Moreover, generic approaches for the simulation of the impacts of extreme weather events on crop yields were developed and evaluated, as well as approaches specific for sugarcane. For the second objective, remote sensing information was used to derive rice-cropped areas and sowing dates varying with time and space, as well as for the assimilation of exogenous leaf area index data using both recalibration and updating techniques (to account for factors not explicitly reproduced by the model within large-area applications). The application of the improved forecasting systems to different crops and agro-climatic contexts worldwide led to marked improvements compared to existing approaches. This was achieved through an increase in the percentage of inter-annual yield variability explained. On the one hand, the simulation of the impact of weather extremes (cold shocks, heat waves, water stress and frost) allowed to reduce the tendency of CGMS (the monitoring and forecasting system of the European Commission) to overestimate cereal yields in case of unfavorable seasons. Moreover, the integration of dynamic crop models and of agro-climatic indicators led to enhance the predicting capacity of available approaches. On the other hand, the integration of remote-sensing information within high resolution simulation chains allowed to decidedly reduce the uncertainty of the standard CGMS-WARM system when applied to the main European rice districts.

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Tataie, Laila. "Méthodes simplifiées basées sur une approche quasi-statique pour l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité des ouvrages soumis à des excitations sismiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0123/document.

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Dans le cadre de la protection du bâti face au risque sismique, les techniques d’analyse simplifiées, basées sur des calculs quasi-statiques en poussée progressive, se sont fortement développées au cours des deux dernières décennies. Le travail de thèse a pour objectif d’optimiser une stratégie d’analyse simplifiée proposée par Chopra et al. (2001) et adoptée par les normes américaines FEMA 273. Il s’agit d’une analyse modale non linéaire découplée, dénommée par les auteurs UMRHA qui se caractérisent principalement par : des calculs de type pushover selon les modes de vibration dominants de la structure, la création de modèles à un degré de liberté non linéaire à partir des courbes de pushover, puis le calcul de la réponse temporelle de la structure en recombinant les réponses temporelles associées à chaque mode de vibration. Dans ce travail, la méthode UMRHA a été améliorée en investiguant les points suivants. Tout d’abord, plusieurs modèles à un degré de liberté non linéaire déduits des courbes de pushover modal sont proposés afin d’enrichir la méthode UMRHA originelle qui emploie un simple modèle élasto-plastique : autres modèles élasto-plastiques avec des courbes enveloppes différentes, le modèle de Takeda prenant en compte un comportement hystérétique propre aux structures sous séismes, et enfin, un modèle simplifié basé sur la dégradation de fréquence en fonction d’un indicateur de dommage. Ce dernier modèle à un degré de liberté privilégie la vision de la chute de fréquence au cours du processus d’endommagement de la structure par rapport à une description réaliste des boucles d’hystérésis. La réponse totale de la structure est obtenue en sommant les contributions non linéaires des modes dominants aux contributions linéaires des modes non dominants. Enfin, la dégradation des déformées modales, due à l’endommagement subi par la structure au cours de la sollicitation sismique, est prise en compte dans la méthode M-UMRHA proposée dans ce travail, en généralisant le concept précédent de dégradation des fréquences modales en fonction d’un indicateur de dommage : la déformée modale devient elle-aussi dépendante d’un indicateur de dommage, le déplacement maximum en tête de l’ouvrage ; l’évolution de la déformée modale en fonction de cet indicateur est directement identifiée à partir des calculs de pushover modal. La pertinence de la nouvelle méthode M-UMRHA est investiguée pour plusieurs types de structures, en adoptant des modélisations éprouvées dans le cadre de la simulation des structures sous séismes : portique en béton armé modélisé par des éléments multifibres pour le béton et les armatures, remplissage en maçonnerie avec des éléments barres diagonales résistant uniquement en compression, bâti existant contreventé (Hôtel de Ville de Grenoble) avec des approches coques multicouches. Les résultats obtenus par la méthode simplifiée proposée sont comparés aux résultats de référence issus de l'analyse temporelle non linéaire dynamique
In the context of building’s protection against seismic risk, simplified analysis techniques, based on quasi-static analysis of pushover, have strongly developed over the past two decades. The thesis aims to optimize a simplified method proposed by Chopra and Goel in 2001 and adopted by American standards FEMA 273. This method is a nonlinear decoupled modal analysis, called by the authors UMRHA (Uncoupled Modal for Response History Analysis) which is mainly characterized by: pushover modal analysis according to the dominant modes of vibration of the structure, setting up nonlinear single degree of freedom systems drawn from modal pushover curves, then determining the history response of the structure by combining of the temporal responses associated with each mode of vibration. The decoupling of nonlinear history responses associated with each mode is the strong assumption of the method UMRHA. In this study, the UMRHA method has been improved by investigating the following points. First of all, several nonlinear single degree of freedom systems drawn from modal pushover curves are proposed to enrich the original UMRHA method, in which a simple elastic-plastic model is used, other elastic-plastic models with different envelope curves, Takeda model taking into account an hysteretic behavior characteristic of structures under earthquakes, and finally, a simplified model based on the frequency degradation as a function of a damage index. The latter nonlinear single degree of freedom model privileges the view of the frequency degradation during the structure damage process relative to a realistic description of hysteresis loops. The total response of the structure is obtained by summing the contributions of the non linear dominant modes to those of linear non dominant modes. Finally, the degradation of the modal shapes due to the structure damage during the seismic loading is taken into account in the new simplified method M-UMRHA (Modified UMRHA) proposed in this study. By generalizing the previous model of frequency degradation as a function of a damage index: the modal shape becomes itself also dependent on a damage index, the maximum displacement at the top of the structure; the evolution of the modal shape as a function of this index is directly obtained from the modal pushover analysis. The pertinence of the new method M-UMRHA is investigated for several types of structures, by adopting tested models of structures simulation under earthquakes: reinforced concrete frame modeled by multifibre elements with uniaxial laws under cyclic loading for concrete and steel, infill masonry wall with diagonal bars elements resistant only in compression, existing building (Grenoble City Hall) with multilayer shell elements and nonlinear biaxial laws based on the concept of smeared and fixed cracks. The obtained results by the proposed simplified method are compared to the reference results derived from the nonlinear response history analysis

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TRONCI, ELEONORA MARIA. "Damage sensitive features. From classic parameters to new indicators." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1331907.

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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the discipline that concerns about the health condition of engineering structures, mechanical systems, aerospace models, at every moment during their utility life. The primary object of SHM is to spot damage, if present, in the observed system and give a consequent diagnosis. Damage can be considered as a variation in the properties of the system that permanently affects the performance of the structure. This variation is meaningless unless contextualized as a comparison between two different states: damaged and healthy. It is precisely this deviation from normal conditions that approaches like vibration-based algorithms are looking for. Vibration-based SHM aims to implement a strategy to correctly detect damage through the assessment of changes in the identified vibration response of civil structures. The structural response is represented, employing a compact representation of its primary traits, called damage sensitive features (DSFs). It can be stated, therefore, that the effectiveness of vibration-based methodology in identifying damage depends on the robustness of the chosen DSFs. They need to be sensitive enough in spotting anomalies in the structural behavior, but at the same time, they need to be insensitive as much as possible towards temporary or seasonally variation of the structural properties that fall into the common behavior of structural systems. In this dissertation, two typologies of DSFs are investigated: the first type, well known in the SHM research community, is derived from the response of the system using user's dependent extraction algorithms, while the other is directly computed from the response of the system using digital signal processes alone. In both approaches, the effects of external conditions, like the seasonal variation of air temperature, are accounted for. Within the first kind of DSFs, an automated procedure is proposed to reduce the interdependency of the algorithm from the user's abilities, leading to a robust identification procedure, more suitable for long-term monitoring purposes. The second health indicator here proposed offers a very low-burden computation cost, with almost non-existing dependency from the user and its extraction process makes these features less sensible to external variation like temperature. The two DSFs and the associated extraction processes are investigated and validated both numerically and experimentally.

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Dinsdale, Elizabeth. "Coral reef health indicators: integrating ecological and perceptual assessments of anchor damage." Thesis, 2004. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/67/1/01front.pdf.

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The ecosystem health concept is an integrative approach to environmental management and while conceptually logical, it is difficult to implement. The false dichotomy of nature and culture, and the way in which knowledge is constructed has led to many of these problems. To understand the relationship between knowledge systems, the ecosystem health concept is explored here by assessing the condition of coral reefs associated with different intensities of anchoring, using both an ecological and a social perspective. Specifically, the research aims to: 1) identify environmental indicators to evaluate management strategies; 2) identify perceptual meanings ascribed to coral reefs; 3) evaluate the relationship between perceptual meanings, health judgments and environmental indicators; and 4) use the ecosystem health indicators developed to assess a coral reef management strategy. Because environmental conservation can alienate scarce natural resources from competing uses, it is important to gain support for conservation programs by demonstrating that management actions have been effective in achieving their goals. One way to do this is to show that selected significant environmental variables (indicators) vary between managed and unmanaged areas, or change over time following implementation of a management regime. However, identifying indicators that reflect environmental conditions relevant to management practices has proven difficult. Initially this thesis focuses on developing a framework for choosing indicators in a coral reef habitat. To identify indicators suitable to measure the success of a management strategy to reduce anchor damage to a coral reef, twenty-four candidate variables were identified and evaluated at sites with different intensities of anchoring. In this study, measures which reflected injuries to coral colonies were generally more efficient than traditional measures of coral cover in describing the effects of anchoring. The number of overturned colonies was identified as the single most useful indicator of coral reef condition associated with anchoring intensities. The indicator selection framework developed has the advantages of being transparent, cost efficient, and is readily transferable to other types of human activities and management strategies. To further the development of collaborative management, an understanding of the meanings people hold for the environment is required. Therefore, community meanings for coral reefs were elicited by asking participants, with a range of experiences, to describe photographs of the coral reefs surveyed to identify the environmental indicators. Three important meanings ascribed to coral reefs were elicited. The most important meaning was “evaluation”, whether the scenes were perceived positively or negatively. The second meaning was “activity”, whether the scene depicted movement through the variation in numbers of fish and types of coral. The third meaning was “diversity”, describing highly diverse scenes compared to monocultures of coral. Participants with and without a working association with coral reefs all ascribed these meanings and had a remarkably consistent conceptualisation of coral reefs. Coral reefs with high levels of anchoring were associated with the constructs “unhealthy”, “boring”, “lacklustre” and “dead”, suggesting they had lost much of their value. A health judgement was added to the ecological and perceptual meanings of the coral reefs to identify the usefulness of the ecosystem health concept. The three assessments described changes to coral reef condition associated with anchoring. The ecological measures identified an increase in the number of overturned corals and a reduction in soft and branching corals, the perceptual meanings identified a loss of visual quality and the health judgements identified a reduction in health of the coral reef sites associated with high levels of anchoring. Comparing the three perceptual meanings with the health judgement showed that the evaluation dimension was highly correlated with coral reef health judgements, suggesting that when people enter an environment, the first and most important feature they identify is whether the environment is healthy. Health judgements were related to key ecological measures or environmental cues, the most important being the amount of damaged coral followed by amount of branching coral and perceived activity. The three ecological measures and normative health judgement were used as indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the Reef Protection Program implemented to protect coral reefs from the effects of anchoring. To conduct the evaluation, three coral reef sites with high levels of boating, but a reduced number of anchor drops, because of the management strategy, were surveyed in addition to the six coral reef sites associated with low and high levels of anchoring intensity. The Reef Protection Program would be effective if the level of each of the indicators at the protected sites resembled that of the sites associated with low levels of anchoring. Two of the indicators, the number of overturned coral colonies and the judgement of health, showed that the condition of the protected coral reef sites were proceeding towards that of the coral reef sites with low levels of anchoring. However, the condition of the other two indicators, cover of soft corals and corals in the family Acroporidae, showed that the protected coral reefs sites were similar to the coral reef sites with high levels of anchoring intensity. Therefore, the Reef Protection Program is effective in reducing damage and improving the health of the coral reefs, but the reef condition had not yet returned fully to the condition described for the reefs associated with low levels of anchoring intensity. The coral reef case study showed that the ecosystem health concept, although contentious, is an appropriate concept for incorporating community and scientific information into environmental management decisions. People’s first assessment of coral reefs is a judgement of its health. The similarity in health judgements provided by the two groups of participants shows that health judgements are understood by a wide range of people and could be used to discuss concepts between various stakeholders. The health judgements were related to ecological measures and were useful in describing changes in condition associated with anchoring and a management strategy designed to protect coral reefs from the effects of anchoring. The evaluation of the Reef Protection Program showed that if the environment is managed to promote ecosystem health, humans can in some circumstances, change the way they are using the environment, to increase their use without causing detrimental effects to the environment.

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Greer, Beau Kjerulf Haymes Emily M. "The effects of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on indirect indicators of muscle damage and performance." 2006. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/07052006-174614.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: Emily Haymes, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Food, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 19, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 123 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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Coombes, Jeff Scott. "The effects of branched chain amino acid supplementation on indicators of muscle damage after prolonged strenuous exercise." Thesis, 1993. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18868/1/whole_CoombesJeffScott1994_thesis.pdf.

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Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is becoming more widely used by athletes in an attempt to improve their recovery between training or competition. This study examined the effects of the supplementation on indicators of muscle damage after intense prolonged exercise. Sixteen male subjects were used in the study with eight taking BCAA supplementation and eight acting as the control group. The experimental group were required to take the manufacturer's recommended dose for the 14 days oi iesiing. For the seven days before the exercise test both groups had their blood analysed every second day for creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase which have been shown to be accurate indicators of muscle damage. The exercise test was a 120 minute bicycle ride at 70% of their predetermined VO2max. Directly after the exercise and hourly for 4 hours all subjects again had blood samples analysed. The experimental group continued to take supplementation for 7 days after the test and all subjects had their blood analysed every second day. Subjects were also required to keep activity to a minimum and have their diet analysed during the 14 days and manipulated if necessary to ensure that the recommended daily Intake of BCAA's were being consumed as part of their normal diet. Results indicated that all subjects' diets did not require manipulation as they all consumed the recommended daily intake of BCAA's in their normal diet. No significant differences were found between any of the two enzyme values in the 7 days prior to the test. There were, however, significant changes in pre-exercise and post-exercise values for LDH at 2 hrs., 3 hrs., 4 hrs., 1 day, 2 days and 4 days after the test (p<0.05). There were also significant changes in pre -exercise and post-exercise values for CK at 4 hrs., 1 day, 2 days and 4 days after the test. The BCAA was shown to significantly (p<0.05) reduce this change in LDH at 3 hrs., 4 hrs. and 1 day and CK at 4 hrs., 1 day and 2 days post exercise. These results indicate that supplementary Branched Chain Amino Acids significantly reduce the levels of the intramuscular enzymes creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase after prolonged strenuous exercise. This suggests that the supplementation may reduce muscle damage.

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Krishnan, N. Gopala. "Identification Tools For Smeared Damage With Application To Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements." Thesis, 2009. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/988.

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Countries world-over have thousands of critical structures and bridges which have been built decades back when strength-based designs were the order of the day. Over the years, magnitude and frequency of loadings on these have increased. Also, these structures have been exposed to environmental degradation during their service life. Hence, structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted the attention of researchers, world over. Structural health monitoring is recommended both for vulnerable old bridges and structures as well as for new important structures. Structural health monitoring as a principle is derived from condition monitoring of machinery, where the day-to-day recordings of sound and vibration from machinery is compared and sudden changes in their features is reported for inspection and trouble-shooting. With the availability of funds for repair and retrofitting being limited, it has become imperative to rank buildings and bridges that require rehabilitation for prioritization. Visual inspection and expert judgment continues to rule the roost. Non-destructive testing techniques though have come of age and are providing excellent inputs for judgment cannot be carried out indiscriminately. They are best suited for evaluating local damage when restricted areas are investigated in detail. A few modern bridges, particularly long-span bridges have been provided with sophisticated instrumentation for health monitoring. It is necessary to identify local damages existing in normal bridges. The methodology adopted for such identification should be simple, both in terms of investigations involved and the instrumentation. Researchers have proposed various methodologies including damage identification from mode shapes, wavelet-based formulations and optimization-based damage identification and instrumentation schemes and so on. These are technically involved but may be difficult to be applied for all critical bridges, where the sheer volume of number of bridges to be investigated is enormous. Ideally, structural health monitoring has to be carried out in two stages: (a) Stage-1: Remote monitoring of global damage indicators and inference of the health of the structure. Instrumentation for this stage should be less, simple, but at critical locations to capture the global damage in a reasonable sense. (b) Stage -2: If global indicators show deviation beyond a specified threshold, then a detailed and localized instrumentation and monitoring, with controlled application of static and dynamic loads is to be carried out to infer the health of the structure and take a decision on the repair and retrofit strategies. The thesis proposes the first stage structural health monitoring methodology using natural frequencies and static deflections as damage indicators. The idea is that the stage-1 monitoring has to be done for a large number of bridges and vulnerable structures in a remote and wire-less way and a centralized control and processing unit should be able to number-crunch the in-coming data automatically and the features extracted from the data should help in determining whether any particular bridge warrants second stage detailed investigation. Hence, simple and robust strategies are required for estimating the health of the structure using some of the globally available response data. Identification methodology developed in this thesis is applicable to distributed smeared damage, which is typical of reinforced concrete structures. Simplified expressions and methodologies are proposed in the thesis and numerically and experimentally validated towards damage estimation of typical structures and elements from measured natural frequencies and static deflections. The first-order perturbation equation for a dynamical system is used to derive the relevant expressions for damage identification. The sensitivity of Eigen-value-cumvector pair to damage, modeled as reduction in flexural rigidity (EI for beams, AE for axial rods and Et 12(1 2 )3− μ for plates) is derived. The forward equation relating the changes in EI to changes in frequencies is derived for typical structural elements like simply-supported beams, plates and axial rods (along with position and extent of damage as the other controlling parameters). A distributed damage is uniquely defined with its position, extent and magnitude of EI reduction. A methodology is proposed for the inverse problem, making use of the linear relationship between the reductions in EI (in a smeared sense) to Eigen-values, such that multiple damages could be estimated using changes in natural frequencies. The methodology is applied to beams, plates and axial rods. The performance of this inverse methodology under influence of measurement errors is investigated for typical error profiles. For a discrete three dimensional structure, computationally derived sensitivity matrix is used to solve the damages in each floor levels, simulating the post-earthquake damage scenario. An artificial neural network (ANN) based Radial basis function network (RBFN) is also used to solve the multivariate interpolation problem, with appropriate training sets involving a number of pairs of damage and Eigen-value-change vectors. The acclaimed Cawley-Adams criteria (1979) states that, “the ratio of changes in natural frequencies between two modes is independent of the damage magnitude” and is governed only by the position (or location) and extent of damage. This criterion is applied to a multiple damage problem and contours with equal frequency change ratios, termed as Iso_Eigen_value_change contours are developed. Intersection of these contours for different pairs of frequencies shows the position and extent of damage. Experimental and analytical verification of damage identification methodology using Cawley-Adams criteria is successfully demonstrated. Sensitivity expressions relating the damages to changes in static deflections are derived and numerically and experimentally proved. It is seen that this process of damage identification from static deflections is prone to more errors if not cautiously exercised. Engineering and physics based intuition is adopted in setting the guidelines for efficient damage detection using static deflections. In lines of Cawley-Adams criteria for frequencies, an invariant factor based on static deflections measured at pairs of symmetrical points on a simply supported beam is developed and established. The power of the factor is such that it is governed only by the position of damage and invariant with reference to extent and magnitude of damage. Such a revelation is one step ahead of Caddemi and Morassi’s (2007) recent paper, dealing with static deflection based damage identification for concentrated damage. The invariant factor makes it an ideal candidate for base-line-free measurement, if the quality and resolution of instrumentation is good. A moving damage problem is innovatively introduced in the experiment. An attempt is made to examine wave-propagation techniques for damage identification and a guideline for modeling wave propagation as a transient dynamic problem is done. The reflected-wave response velocity (peak particle velocity) as a ratio of incident wave response is proposed as a damage indicator for an axial rod (representing an end-supported pile foundation). Suitable modifications are incorporated in the classical expressions to correct for damping and partial-enveloping of advancing wave in the damage zone. The experimental results on axial dynamic response of free-free beams suggest that vibration frequency based damage identification is a viable complementary tool to wave propagation. Wavelet-multi-resolution analysis as a feature extraction tool for damage identification is also investigated and structural slope (rotation) and curvatures are found to be the better indicators of damage coupled with wavelet analysis. An adaptive excitation scheme for maximizing the curvature at any arbitrary point of interest is also proposed. However more work is to be done to establish the efficiency of wavelets on experimentally derived parameters, where large noise-ingression may affect the analysis. The application of time-period based damage identification methodology for post-seismic damage estimation is investigated. Seismic damage is postulated by an index based on its plastic displacement excursion and the cumulative energy dissipated. Damage index is a convenient tool for decision making on immediate-occupancy, life-safety after repair and demolition of the structure. Damage sensitive soft storey structure and a weak story structure are used in the non-linear dynamic analysis and the DiPasquale-Cakmak (1987) damage index is calibrated with Park-Ang (1985) damage index. The exponent of the time-period ratio of DiPasquale-Cakmak model is modified to have consistency of damage index with Park-Ang (1985) model.

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40

Krishnan, N. Gopala. "Identification Tools For Smeared Damage With Application To Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/988.

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Countries world-over have thousands of critical structures and bridges which have been built decades back when strength-based designs were the order of the day. Over the years, magnitude and frequency of loadings on these have increased. Also, these structures have been exposed to environmental degradation during their service life. Hence, structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted the attention of researchers, world over. Structural health monitoring is recommended both for vulnerable old bridges and structures as well as for new important structures. Structural health monitoring as a principle is derived from condition monitoring of machinery, where the day-to-day recordings of sound and vibration from machinery is compared and sudden changes in their features is reported for inspection and trouble-shooting. With the availability of funds for repair and retrofitting being limited, it has become imperative to rank buildings and bridges that require rehabilitation for prioritization. Visual inspection and expert judgment continues to rule the roost. Non-destructive testing techniques though have come of age and are providing excellent inputs for judgment cannot be carried out indiscriminately. They are best suited for evaluating local damage when restricted areas are investigated in detail. A few modern bridges, particularly long-span bridges have been provided with sophisticated instrumentation for health monitoring. It is necessary to identify local damages existing in normal bridges. The methodology adopted for such identification should be simple, both in terms of investigations involved and the instrumentation. Researchers have proposed various methodologies including damage identification from mode shapes, wavelet-based formulations and optimization-based damage identification and instrumentation schemes and so on. These are technically involved but may be difficult to be applied for all critical bridges, where the sheer volume of number of bridges to be investigated is enormous. Ideally, structural health monitoring has to be carried out in two stages: (a) Stage-1: Remote monitoring of global damage indicators and inference of the health of the structure. Instrumentation for this stage should be less, simple, but at critical locations to capture the global damage in a reasonable sense. (b) Stage -2: If global indicators show deviation beyond a specified threshold, then a detailed and localized instrumentation and monitoring, with controlled application of static and dynamic loads is to be carried out to infer the health of the structure and take a decision on the repair and retrofit strategies. The thesis proposes the first stage structural health monitoring methodology using natural frequencies and static deflections as damage indicators. The idea is that the stage-1 monitoring has to be done for a large number of bridges and vulnerable structures in a remote and wire-less way and a centralized control and processing unit should be able to number-crunch the in-coming data automatically and the features extracted from the data should help in determining whether any particular bridge warrants second stage detailed investigation. Hence, simple and robust strategies are required for estimating the health of the structure using some of the globally available response data. Identification methodology developed in this thesis is applicable to distributed smeared damage, which is typical of reinforced concrete structures. Simplified expressions and methodologies are proposed in the thesis and numerically and experimentally validated towards damage estimation of typical structures and elements from measured natural frequencies and static deflections. The first-order perturbation equation for a dynamical system is used to derive the relevant expressions for damage identification. The sensitivity of Eigen-value-cumvector pair to damage, modeled as reduction in flexural rigidity (EI for beams, AE for axial rods and Et 12(1 2 )3− μ for plates) is derived. The forward equation relating the changes in EI to changes in frequencies is derived for typical structural elements like simply-supported beams, plates and axial rods (along with position and extent of damage as the other controlling parameters). A distributed damage is uniquely defined with its position, extent and magnitude of EI reduction. A methodology is proposed for the inverse problem, making use of the linear relationship between the reductions in EI (in a smeared sense) to Eigen-values, such that multiple damages could be estimated using changes in natural frequencies. The methodology is applied to beams, plates and axial rods. The performance of this inverse methodology under influence of measurement errors is investigated for typical error profiles. For a discrete three dimensional structure, computationally derived sensitivity matrix is used to solve the damages in each floor levels, simulating the post-earthquake damage scenario. An artificial neural network (ANN) based Radial basis function network (RBFN) is also used to solve the multivariate interpolation problem, with appropriate training sets involving a number of pairs of damage and Eigen-value-change vectors. The acclaimed Cawley-Adams criteria (1979) states that, “the ratio of changes in natural frequencies between two modes is independent of the damage magnitude” and is governed only by the position (or location) and extent of damage. This criterion is applied to a multiple damage problem and contours with equal frequency change ratios, termed as Iso_Eigen_value_change contours are developed. Intersection of these contours for different pairs of frequencies shows the position and extent of damage. Experimental and analytical verification of damage identification methodology using Cawley-Adams criteria is successfully demonstrated. Sensitivity expressions relating the damages to changes in static deflections are derived and numerically and experimentally proved. It is seen that this process of damage identification from static deflections is prone to more errors if not cautiously exercised. Engineering and physics based intuition is adopted in setting the guidelines for efficient damage detection using static deflections. In lines of Cawley-Adams criteria for frequencies, an invariant factor based on static deflections measured at pairs of symmetrical points on a simply supported beam is developed and established. The power of the factor is such that it is governed only by the position of damage and invariant with reference to extent and magnitude of damage. Such a revelation is one step ahead of Caddemi and Morassi’s (2007) recent paper, dealing with static deflection based damage identification for concentrated damage. The invariant factor makes it an ideal candidate for base-line-free measurement, if the quality and resolution of instrumentation is good. A moving damage problem is innovatively introduced in the experiment. An attempt is made to examine wave-propagation techniques for damage identification and a guideline for modeling wave propagation as a transient dynamic problem is done. The reflected-wave response velocity (peak particle velocity) as a ratio of incident wave response is proposed as a damage indicator for an axial rod (representing an end-supported pile foundation). Suitable modifications are incorporated in the classical expressions to correct for damping and partial-enveloping of advancing wave in the damage zone. The experimental results on axial dynamic response of free-free beams suggest that vibration frequency based damage identification is a viable complementary tool to wave propagation. Wavelet-multi-resolution analysis as a feature extraction tool for damage identification is also investigated and structural slope (rotation) and curvatures are found to be the better indicators of damage coupled with wavelet analysis. An adaptive excitation scheme for maximizing the curvature at any arbitrary point of interest is also proposed. However more work is to be done to establish the efficiency of wavelets on experimentally derived parameters, where large noise-ingression may affect the analysis. The application of time-period based damage identification methodology for post-seismic damage estimation is investigated. Seismic damage is postulated by an index based on its plastic displacement excursion and the cumulative energy dissipated. Damage index is a convenient tool for decision making on immediate-occupancy, life-safety after repair and demolition of the structure. Damage sensitive soft storey structure and a weak story structure are used in the non-linear dynamic analysis and the DiPasquale-Cakmak (1987) damage index is calibrated with Park-Ang (1985) damage index. The exponent of the time-period ratio of DiPasquale-Cakmak model is modified to have consistency of damage index with Park-Ang (1985) model.

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41

Wu, Yi-Ying, and 吳怡瑩. "A damage indicator for building-soil systems using dynamic displacement frequency response functions." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33073809822771770129.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
104
This study develops a damage detection method for building-soil systems. A normalized damage indicator (NDI) utilizing frequency response functions is proposed to localize damaged stories in building structures. To evaluate the proposed damage indicator, a numerical example of a five-story RC building subjected to harmonic waves is investigated in this study. The influence of the random noise and the structural damage extent as well as soil shear velocity are examined. In addition, the new approach is further applied in the earthquake analysis. The ROC curve analysis is also implemented to qualify the detection performance of the damage indicators and two existing FRF-based damage indicators are employed for a comprehensive comparison. 　　The analyzed results show that the two existing damage indicators are significantly affected by the random noise with a rather low accuracy in detecting damage of heavy buildings situated on soft soil. In contrast, even though a high level of noise is considered, NDI is able to detect slightly damaged stories in the buildings with relatively high accuracy. The accuracy of this indicator may also be improved by shortening the frequency intervals. Furthermore, NDI has the best detection performance among all three indicators in fixed-base models; for building-soil systems, NDI shows its ability to incorporate the effects of soil-structure interaction efficiently.

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42

Mendes, Natalia Crespo. "Plant species richness as indicator of terrestrial ecosystem damages: Lessons from the Brazilian case." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81766.

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43

Milligan, Ryan. "Introduction to Critical Strain and a New Method for the Assessment of Mechanical Damage in Steel Line Pipe." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151331.

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Abstract:

The pipeline industry has conducted a vast amount of research on the subject of mechanical damage. Mechanical damage makes up a large portion of the total amount of pipeline failures that occur each year. The current methods rely on engineering judgment and experience rather than scientific theory. The method for the assessment of mechanical damage introduced in this study uses a material property called critical strain to predict the onset of cracking within the pipe wall. The critical strain is compared to the strain within a dent using a ductile failure damage indicator (DFDI). To investigate the use of the DFDI to indicate the onset of cracking within a dent, the study attempted to accomplish three tasks. The first was to investigate the use of various techniques to locate the critical strain from the stress-strain curve. Five samples taken from the pipe material was used to generate both engineering and true stress-strain curves. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to show the effects of different variables on the critical strain value. The DFDI compares the critical strain value to the calculated strain at the deepest depth location within a dent. The strain calculations use the curvature of the dent and thus require a dent profile. A high resolution laser scanner was used to extract dent profiles from a pipe. The second task of the study was to investigate the reliability of the laser scanner equipment used for this study. The results from the investigation showed that the laser scanner could be used to scan the inside of the pipe despite its design for external scanning. The results also showed that the scans should be 1 mm in length along the axis of the pipe at a resolution of 0.5 mm and 360 degrees around the pipe. The final task was to conduct the denting test. The test used a spherical indenter to dent the pipe at increments of 3% of the outside diameter. The results from the test showed that a visible crack did not form on the inside pipe surface as expected from the DFDI method. This does not mean a crack did not form. During the denting test distinct popping sounds were observed possibly indicating cracks forming within the pipe wall.

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44

"DNA strand breaks in crustaceans as an indicator of marine pollution." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892426.

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Abstract:

Chan Kwan-ling.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-105).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Contents --- p.vi
List of figures and tables --- p.ix
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- Literature review --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- The effect of pollutants on the genetic materials of aquatic organisms --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Response of individual to genotoxicants --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Effects of genotoxicants on population structure --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Application of genetic markers in monitoring water pollution --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- DNA adduct --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Micronucleus --- p.6
Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- DNA strand breaks --- p.7
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay --- p.9
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Test organisms for comet assay --- p.12
Chapter 1.2 --- Objective of the present study --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Genotoxicity of pollutants on Hyale crassicornis
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.22
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Sampling of amphipods --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Acclimation --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.4 --- The effect of test duration on DNA damage --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Effect of toxicants on DNA damage --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Comet assay --- p.29
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Chemicals --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Data analysis --- p.34
Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.34
Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.47
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Genotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide on different tissue types of Metapenaeus ensis
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.54
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Collection and acclimation of shrimps --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Incubation --- p.59
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Comet Assay --- p.60
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Chemicals --- p.61
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Data analysis --- p.61
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.61
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.67
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Genotoxicity of wastewater on Hyale crassicornis
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.71
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Collection of wastewater samples --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Metal content analysis --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Genotoxic effect of wastewater samples on Hyale crassicornis --- p.74
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Chemicals --- p.76
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.77
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.77
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Metals content in water samples --- p.77
Chapter 4.3.2 --- DNA damage --- p.79
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.79
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.89
References --- p.91

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