Academic literature on the topic 'Damage mechanism'

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Journal articles on the topic "Damage mechanism"

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Hahnel, Robin. "Wanted: A Pollution Damage Revealing Mechanism." Review of Radical Political Economics 49, no. 2 (October 14, 2015): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613415608134.

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This article proposes a theoretical, incentive compatible, pollution damage revealing mechanism to induce people to reveal how much they are damaged by environmental degradation so polluters can be charged for the amount of damage caused. The mechanism is embedded in the participatory planning procedure that is part of a theoretical alternative to capitalism known as a “participatory economy.”
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Hull, Derek, and Yi Bing Shi. "Damage mechanism characterization in composite damage tolerance investigations." Composite Structures 23, no. 2 (January 1993): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(93)90015-i.

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Guo, Hongrui, Huan Liu, Hongbin Wu, Hengmin Cui, Jing Fang, Zhicai Zuo, Junliang Deng, Yinglun Li, Xun Wang, and Ling Zhao. "Nickel Carcinogenesis Mechanism: DNA Damage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (September 21, 2019): 4690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194690.

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Nickel (Ni) is known to be a major carcinogenic heavy metal. Occupational and environmental exposure to Ni has been implicated in human lung and nasal cancers. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of Ni carcinogenicity remain unclear, but studies have shown that Ni-caused DNA damage is an important carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of DNA damage associated with Ni exposure and summarized known Ni-caused DNA damage effects. In vitro and vivo studies demonstrated that Ni can induce DNA damage through direct DNA binding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation. Ni can also repress the DNA damage repair systems, including direct reversal, nucleotide repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous-recombination repair (HR), and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathways. The repression of DNA repair is through direct enzyme inhibition and the downregulation of DNA repair molecule expression. Up to now, the exact mechanisms of DNA damage caused by Ni and Ni compounds remain unclear. Revealing the mechanisms of DNA damage from Ni exposure may contribute to the development of preventive strategies in Ni carcinogenicity.
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Shirai, Takashi, and Isao Ikemoto. "MECHANISM OF ALCOHOLIC TESTICULAR DAMAGE." Japanese Journal of Urology 83, no. 3 (1992): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol1989.83.305.

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Pocheptsova, E. G., I. V. Kuznetsov, and O. E. Matuzok. "Heart trauma: blunt damage mechanism." Medicine of Ukraine, no. 8(244) (September 26, 2020): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37987/1997-9894.2020.8(244).215482.

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Bi, Xin. "Mechanism of DNA damage tolerance." World Journal of Biological Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.48.

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Besterci, Michal, Jozef Ivan, Ladislav Pešek, Oksana Velgosová, and Pavol Hvizdoš. "Damage mechanism of Al–12Al4C3." Materials Letters 58, no. 6 (February 2004): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2003.08.001.

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Chen, Y. L., and J. Israelachvili. "New Mechanism of Cavitation Damage." Science 252, no. 5009 (May 24, 1991): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5009.1157.

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Bartkowiak, Miriam, Ludwig Schoettl, Peter Elsner, and Kay André Weidenmann. "Combined In Situ X-Ray Computed Tomography and Acoustic Emission Analysis for Composite Characterization - A Feasibility Study." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.604.

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Fiber reinforced plastics show a wide range of different damage mechanisms such as matrix cracking, fiber breakage and interface failure. These can be observed in damaged specimens by means of volumetric images acquired by computed tomography (CT). As each failure mechanism causes a characteristic acoustic emission (AE) signal, AE analysis is a promising tool to identify damage mechanisms and offers the advantage that a real-time observation of the damage evolution during the testing period is possible. For a correlation of damage mechanisms and AE events, AE analysis was combined with in- situ CT measurements. This combined approach was validated by means of a 3-point-bending test on a discontinuous glass fiber reinforced sheet molding compound (GF-SMC) in which AE signals were acquired during loading using two high frequency piezoelectric sensors. At times of increasing AE activity, the test was interrupted in order to carry out a CT-scan of the specimen under load. AE events could subsequently be linked with the damage mechanisms observed in the CT-scans at different stages of damage to identify signal features that are characteristic for a certain mechanism. The sources of the signals could be localized and were in line with the actual location of damage.
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Christ, H. J., A. Jung, H. J. Maier, and R. Teteruk. "Thermomechanical fatigue—damage mechanisms and mechanism-based life prediction methods." Sadhana 28, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02717131.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Damage mechanism"

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Saitou, Yuuichirou. "Regulatory mechanism of damage-dependent homologous recombination." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199392.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第19068号
人博第721号
新制||人||173(附属図書館)
26||人博||721(吉田南総合図書館)
32019
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 小松 賢志, 教授 宮下 英明, 准教授 三浦 智行
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Karras, Georgios Ioannis. "Mechanism and function of RAD6-mediated DNA damage tolerance." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-129233.

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Vanichkitrungruang, Siriluck. "Mechanism of damage to fibronectin by myeloperoxidase derived oxidants." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19752.

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Atherosclerosis is characterised by lipid deposition in the arterial wall and chronic low-grade inflammation. Leukocytes migrate to the area of injury and release the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) into the extracellular matrix (ECM). This enzyme converts H2O2 to hypohalous acids (e.g.HOCl from Cl-, HOSCN from SCN-). There is considerable evidence that these oxidants, particularly HOCl, damage cells and the ECM, and contribute to cardiovascular disease. HOCl is a highly damaging oxidant, whereas HOSCN is less reactive and generates reversible modifications. The ECM contains multiple proteins, including fibronectin (FN), which are critical to matrix assembly and cell function. FN possesses multiple functionally-important epitopes including a cell binding fragment (CBF) and a heparin binding fragment (HBF). The co-localisation of FN and MPO in the ECM, makes FN a likely target for MPO-derived oxidants. Therefore, this project aimed to elucidate the effects of HOCl and HOSCN on FN, and whether the increasing SCN- concentrations modulated ECM damage induced by HOCl. Exposure of human plasma FN to HOCl resulted in fragmentation and aggregation of the protein, formation of modified amino acids, and alterations to the CBF and HBF. Human coronary artery endothelial cells exposed to modified FN showed poor adhesion, impaired cell spreading, reduced metabolic activity and altered gene expression. In contrast, reagent HOSCN generated limited modifications. Studies using an enzymatic MPO/H2O2 system with either Cl- or SCN-, showed that MPO/H2O2/Cl- gave extensive FN modifications, whereas MPO/H2O2/SCN- induced only minor changes. When both Cl- and SCN- were present as competing substrates, increasing concentrations of SCN- decreased the extent of chemical and structural modifications detected on FN supporting the hypothesis that increasing the concentration of SCN- may mitigate damage generated by the MPO/Cl-/H2O2 system and potentially modulate disease development.
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Geranmayeh, Vaneghi Rashid. "Progressive Damage Mechanism of Rocks Subjected to Cyclic Loading." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81962.

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This thesis investigates the effect of cyclic loading conditions on the strength and deformation behaviour of rock materials under uniaxial compression. Two microstructurally and mineralogically different rocks are considered in this experimental investigation. Variations in loading stress level, stress amplitude and frequency are considered to derive novel conclusions on the damage mechanism and fatigue strength. The investigation revealed the greater susceptibility of hard rocks to cyclic loading compared to soft rocks.
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Dawson, Lisa Frances. "A novel mechanism regulating DNA-damage repair in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444620/.

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The intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) resides in macrophages and is the causative agent of human tuberculosis. Infected macrophages produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, known to damage DNA therefore DNA damage repair is thought to be important in survival of M. tuberculosis in the host. The expression of many bacterial DNA repair genes is often regulated by the SOS response, in which RecA is an integral part however, in M. tuberculosis the majority of genes in the DNA-damage regulon are regulated independently of the RecA/LexA system. In this study two potential mechanisms for this alternative mode of gene regulation were investigated. The first hypothesis addressed was that regulation of expression following DNA-damage is controlled by an alternative sigma factor. Sigma factors are protein subunits of RNA polymerase, which confer specificity of binding to particular promoters. The function/expression of alternative sigma factors is usually regulated by various mechanisms. The sigma factor SigG is the most highly induced of all 13 sigma factors of M. tuberculosis in response to DNA-damage in both wild-type and ArecA strains. A knockout of sigG in M. tuberculosis was constructed, and found to be more susceptible to mitomycin C stress than wild-type H37Rv and attenuated in mice. ruvC was shown to possesses 2 transcriptional start sites, and although neither were regulated by SigG, the PI promoter appeared to be dual regulated by LexA and the RecA/LexA independent mechanism. Microarray analysis revealed that SigG was not significantly involved in regulation of the RecA/LexA independent DNA-damage regulon, but that SigG directly or indirectly regulated expression of 127 genes in the absence of DNA-damage. The other possible mode of RecA/LexA independent regulation was via a repressor/activator protein. Gel shifts assays using M. tuberculosis cell free extracts were used to attempt to identify a repressor or activator protein that bound to the operator of the recA PI promoter, known to be induced independently of RecA, but failed to detect specific binding. Published microarray data revealed that Rv2017, a predicted regulatory protein, was upregulated in both wild-type and ArecA strains of M. tuberculosis in response to DNA-damage. Therefore, a gene inactivation knockout of Rv2017 was constructed and analysed in M. tuberculosis. The ARv2017 strain was hyposensitive to mitomycin C stress and preliminary mouse in-vivo infection data suggested that the ARv2017 strain may be hypervirulent. Microarray data revealed that Rv2017 plays a direct/indirect role in regulation of a large regulon, including some genes in the DNA-damage repair regulon.
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Parsons, Jason Luke. "The mechanism of genotoxicity of potassium bromate." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364521.

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Yang, Xin. "The development of creep damage constitutive equations for high chromium steel based on the mechanism of cavitation damage." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34682/.

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Due to increasing electrical energy power supply, thermal efficiency and the desire to reduce CO2 emissions, creep-resistant high chromium steels are becoming widely developed and applied for components of electric power plants under high pressure at high temperature. The limited design factors such as strain histories, damage evolution and lifetime are important factors when creating the components of a power plant. Obtaining a long-term (100,000h, over 11 years) creep data is time consuming and costly, hence long-term creep data is very limited, and the extrapolation using the conventional empirical methods may not be reliable due to limited data (Chen et al., 2011; Shrestha et al., 2013; Ghosh et al., 2013). To design against failures, creep damage constitutive equations have the advantage of traceability from the physics based constitutive equation to the fundamental microstructural and damage behaviour. Thus, creep modelling constitutive equations for materials of the critical components of, for example, power plants and other safety critical systems, are a key issue in the research of materials. In the past decade, a range of creep damage constitutive equations have been developed to describe creep damage behaviour for high chromium steel, however, some models are only based on creep deformation (creep microstructural degradation) and are not really concerned with cavitation damage, which is a dominant factor in creep rupture; most of them are proposed based on high stress levels of high chromium steel and extended to a low stress level, the modelling results fail to explore the phenomenon of stress breakdown. Besides, the cavitation damage equations were developed on experimental data of pure metal and super alloy, the fundamental nature of the evolution of creep cavitation damage is still unclear and necessary to solve for high chromium steel. Thus, the aim of this research project was to develop a novel creep damage constitutive equation for high chromium steel based on the mechanism of cavitation damage under a wide range of stress levels. This research made contributions to the specialised knowledge on the following three aspects. Firstly, a modified hyperbolic sine law, which describes the relationship between minimum creep strain and applied stress, was applied to high chromium steel. Through which we found that the modelling results fitted better with published experimental data by NIMS in comparison with conventional functions such as power law, hyperbolic sine law and linear power law. The other two aspects of innovation in the development of creep damage constitutive equation had been achieved. Secondly, using the quantitatively analysed results of the cavity size distribution along grain boundary by the superior 3D technology of X-ray micro-tomography, a novel creep cavitation damage equation was developed and applied to describe the evolution of cavity along grain boundary in the creep process for high chromium steel. Thirdly, the novel creep damage constitutive equations, that coupled appropriate creep deformation mechanisms with the new cavitation damage equation, were successfully applied to high chromium steel under a wide range of stress level according to comparisons made between the modelling results of novel creep damage constitutive equations, classic uniaxial KRH constitutive equations and experimental data for P91 steel at 600°C and also applied to P91 steel at 625°C.
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Smart, Kevin Arthur. "The mechanism by which hyperammonaemia may cause hepatic encephalopathy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267312.

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Gruber, Claudia. "Investigation into the regulatory mechanism of BRCA2 stability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e69ab649-f955-48d2-a7c5-48b65f15df45.

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Inherited mutations in the BRCA2 gene predispose individuals to the development of breast and ovarian cancers. The BRCA2 protein plays a fundamental role in the repair of DNA double strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR). BRCA2 mediates the recruitment of the RAD51 recombinase to DNA damage sites, which in turn promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange during HR. It has been reported that increased BRCA2 mRNA levels correlate with poor cancer prognosis, and recently it has been shown that increased levels of BRCA2 suppress HR. As HR is regulated through the cell cycle and can only be employed during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, in this study, the cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2, as a key player of HR, was investigated. In this study I report that BRCA2 stability is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which has become increasingly evident as an important regulator of DNA repair. In line with this, I found that BRCA2 can be ubiquitylated in vivo and that it interacts with proteins of the UPS. Interestingly, I observed that BRCA2 levels and its ubiquitylation status change during the cell cycle. Using a siRNA-based approach, I identified a candidate E3 ubiquitin ligase, the SCFFBXW7 complex, which is also a known major cell cycle regulator. siRNA-mediated knockdown of FBXW7 led to stabilization of BRCA2 and overexpression of FBXW7 resulted in BRCA2 ubiquitylation in vivo. Furthermore, I have refined the regions that the SCFFBXW7 interacts with on BRCA2, which likely occurs in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Taken together, these observations suggest that BRCA2 stability is regulated by the UPS in a cell cycle-dependent manner, which may be an important regulatory mechanism for BRCA2 function.
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Chau, P. Y. Pauline. "Mechanism of genomic instability in Prelamin A based premature ageing." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557352.

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Books on the topic "Damage mechanism"

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F, Borg Sidney, ed. Earthquake engineering: Mechanism, damage assessment and structural design. 2nd ed. Singapore: World Scientific, 1988.

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Yang, Sheng-Qi. Mechanical Behavior and Damage Fracture Mechanism of Deep Rocks. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7739-7.

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Winn, Louise Mary. Oxidative damage as a potential molecular mechanism mediating phenytoin teratogenesis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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1961-, Kattan Peter Issa, ed. Damage mechanics. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Krajcinovic, Dusan. Damage mechanics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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Krajcinovic, D. Damage mechanics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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Murakami, Sumio. Continuum Damage Mechanics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2666-6.

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Boukharouba, Taoufik, Mimoun Elboujdaini, and Guy Pluvinage, eds. Damage and Fracture Mechanics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2669-9.

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Voyiadjis, George Z., ed. Handbook of Damage Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8968-9.

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Baethmann, Alexander, Oliver Kempski, and Ludwig Schürer, eds. Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9266-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Damage mechanism"

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Cheung, Kin P. "Mechanism of Plasma Charging Damage I." In Plasma Charging Damage, 47–97. London: Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0247-2_2.

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Cheung, Kin P. "Mechanism of Plasma Charging Damage II." In Plasma Charging Damage, 99–167. London: Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0247-2_3.

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Cheung, Kin P. "Mechanism of Plasma Charging Damage III." In Plasma Charging Damage, 169–204. London: Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0247-2_4.

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Derouiche, Abbassia, Nacer Hamzaoui, and Taoufik Boukharouba. "Vibroacoustic Sources Identification of Gear Mechanism Transmission." In Damage and Fracture Mechanics, 143–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2669-9_15.

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Kaminska, B. "Transcriptional Dysfunctions as Pathogenic Mechanism of Neurodegenerative Diseases." In Brain Damage and Repair, 123–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2541-6_9.

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Yan, Dong Ming, and Gao Lin. "Failure Mechanism of Concrete in Dynamic Loading." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 623–26. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.623.

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Rojas, Carlos Horacio Gonzalez. "Mechanism of Cellular Damage from Cryosurgery." In Dermatological Cryosurgery and Cryotherapy, 37–38. London: Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6765-5_5.

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Mohania, Dheeraj, Shikha Chandel, Parveen Kumar, Vivek Verma, Kumar Digvijay, Deepika Tripathi, Khushboo Choudhury, Sandeep Kumar Mitten, and Dilip Shah. "Ultraviolet Radiations: Skin Defense-Damage Mechanism." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 71–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_7.

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Towhata, Ikuo. "Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering: Damage Mechanism Observed." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_2-1.

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Towhata, Ikuo. "Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering: Damage Mechanism Observed." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1071–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Damage mechanism"

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Sun, Mingying, Urs Eppelt, Simone Russ, Claudia Hartmann, Christof Siebert, Jianqiang Zhu, and Wolfgang Schulz. "Laser ablation mechanism of transparent dielectrics with picosecond laser pulses." In SPIE Laser Damage, edited by Gregory J. Exarhos, Vitaly E. Gruzdev, Joseph A. Menapace, Detlev Ristau, and M. J. Soileau. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.976062.

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Rosli, Athirah, Suhaidi Hassan, and Mohd Hasbullah Omar. "Data authentication mechanism using blockchain’s proof-of-trust mechanism in named data networking." In ADVANCES IN FRACTURE AND DAMAGE MECHANICS XX. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128154.

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"Silicon Damage Mechanism In Oxide Etch." In 2nd International Symposium on Plasma Process-Induced Damage. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppid.1997.596694.

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Do, Binh T., Mark Kimmel, Michael Pack, Randal Schmitt, and Arlee V. Smith. "The damage mechanism in borosilicate glass generated by nanosecond pulsed laser at 1.064 μm." In SPIE Laser Damage, edited by Gregory J. Exarhos, Vitaly E. Gruzdev, Joseph A. Menapace, Detlev Ristau, and M. J. Soileau. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.979243.

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van der Hoek, Jeroen E., Wouter Botermans, and Pacelli L. J. Zitha. "Full Blocking Mechanism of Polymer Gels for Water Control." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/68982-ms.

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Scaletta, Brent, and Richard Green. "Critical Location Identification for Multi-Mechanistic Damage Modes Using Damage Interaction Charts." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14678.

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Abstract Damage in gas turbine engines can accumulate from multiple damage mechanisms including creep, fatigue, and oxidation. Each damage mechanism is influenced by various parameters which typically occur during different portions of engine operation. For instance, fatigue is influenced by large stress/strain ranges that occur during startup and shutdown transient conditions while creep is affected by sustained stress and temperature at dwell conditions. In some cases, the maximum damage location for one mechanism could experience negligible contribution in damage from any other mechanism, but in most cases, there is some degree of influence from two or three mechanisms. In those instances, damage will accumulate at various rates during separate portions of operation under different damage mechanisms. Since some applications require engines to dwell for long periods of time while other applications favor more frequent cycling, every engine will accumulate damage differently at each location. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate which location is critical to durability, rendering it necessary to capture all possible critical locations so that damage can be estimated for each application. This paper suggests a method by which to visualize and select critical locations based on all possible customer use scenarios. Once critical locations are identified, a Reduced Order Model (ROM) can be generated for each point of interest and damage can be estimated and monitored using data collection. Damage mechanisms can be combined if micromechanistic affects are additive, the material response compounds, or the material properties evolve with time. Examples of each case are demonstrated. In addition, the visual representation of damage interaction allows for uncertainty to be visualized and implemented to rank location criticality.
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Zhang, Xiaochun, Yiqing Liu, and Yingzhou Yan. "Research about mechanics theory and damage mechanism of asphalt pavement design." In 2016 International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environment. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccte-16.2016.14.

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Craddock, G. G., and Federico Rios. "Perforating Crushed Zone Fracture Mechanism." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199303-ms.

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Shudong, Zhou. "The mechanism and damage of snail trails." In 2017 IEEE 19th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2017.8277581.

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Yoshida, H., K. Yoshida, T. Yabe, Y. Kato, and C. Yamanaka. "Mechanism of damage formation in antireflection coatings." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.1986.ff5.

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Reports on the topic "Damage mechanism"

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Shawoo, Zoha, Aaron Maltais, Inès Bakhtaoui, and Sivan Kartha. Designing a fair and feasible loss and damage finance mechanism. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.024.

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Severe climate-related disasters have already disproportionately affected some of the world’s most vulnerable countries, which are typically some of the least-responsible for the catastrophes. This report highlights the stalemate of international loss and damage support and what can be done to shore up higher-income countries’ responsibilities – starting with COP26.
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Payer. L51962 Coating Failure Consequences to CP Shielding. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011268.

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The objective of this project was to better understand the failure mechanisms of pipeline coatings, and to determine if the coating damage is conducive to external corrosion or SCC. The focus was on coatings where the failure mechanism and consequence of coating damage are not fully understood. The selected coating system for study was a 3-layer coating comprised of an inner layer of FBE; an intermediate adhesive layer of copolymer polypropylene; and an outer layer of extruded polypropylene.
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3

Ma, Zheng-Dong. Innovative Mechanism-Based Textile Composite Damage Modeling Basing on a Nonlinear Fiber Model and Enhanced Homogenization Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada459497.

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Fuglem. L52246 Damage Management for Operating Pipelines Gap Analysis. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010351.

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Given the extensive and aging infrastructure of pipelines in developed countries, as well as increasingly stringent regulatory requirements, there is a large incentive to improve damage management processes in order to reduce failures and maintain the existing pipeline infrastructure for a longer period of time. Industry is responding by focusing research and development efforts on key damage management concerns. The objectives of this report were: to review previous work relating to damage management of onshore gas and liquid transmission pipelines as conducted by PRCI and other organizations: to identify gaps that remain to be filled through research and technological development and to rank the gap elements based on the degree of impediment posed and the potential for elimination in the near term. To carry out the work, a comprehensive literature survey was conducted including a detailed review of relevant documents and reports published by PRCI, GRI and other industry consortia. From this information, current capabilities with respect to the detection and sizing of damage, the prediction of defect growth, the assessment of remaining resistance capacity, and the mitigation and/or repair of damage were characterized for each damage mechanism. Available methods, models and tools were evaluated and any elements that are missing or that could be improved were identified. Missing or deficient elements of the damage management process were then evaluated and ranked.
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Chell and Crouch. HIX1IYS Nonlinear Harmonic Based Mechanical Damage Severity for Delayed Failures in Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011186.

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The objectives of the current work are to (1) provide an assessment of the capabilities of the nonlinear harmonic (NLH) method to detect gouged dents in pressurized pipelines; (2) rank the severity of the detected defects against delayed failure; (3) provide information related to the remaining lives of detected defects when fatigue damage from cyclic pressure changes is the time-dependent mechanism controlling delayed failure; and (4) transfer the developed NLHbased defect severity criteria to an inline inspection vendor, Tuboscope Pipeline Services. An ancillary objective is to assess the capability of NLH probes to detect strain anomalies produced by crack-like flaws in the outside surfaces of pressurized pipes. In this project, the assessment of the capabilities of NLH to detect and rank the severity of defects is based on the analysis of results obtained from NLH measurements performed over the inside surfaces of pressurized pipe sections containing gouged dents subjected to cyclic pressure changes (fatigue loading) that eventually resulted in failure (leakage) at defects, and NLH scans of statically pressurized pipes containing crack-like machined notches.
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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Ashraf Alrajhi, Egemen Okte, Hasan Ozer, and Imad Al-Qadi. Truck-Platooning Impacts on Flexible Pavements: Experimental and Mechanistic Approaches. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-038.

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Truck platoons are expected to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption. However, their use is projected to accelerate pavement damage due to channelized-load application (lack of wander) and potentially reduced duration between truck-loading applications (reduced rest period). The effect of wander on pavement damage is well documented, while relatively few studies are available on the effect of rest period on pavement permanent deformation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the impact of rest period theoretically, using a numerical method, and experimentally, using laboratory testing. A 3-D finite-element (FE) pavement model was developed and run to quantify the effect of rest period. Strain recovery and accumulation were predicted by fitting Gaussian mixture models to the strain values computed from the FE model. The effect of rest period was found to be insignificant for truck spacing greater than 10 ft. An experimental program was conducted, and several asphalt concrete (AC) mixes were considered at various stress levels, temperatures, and rest periods. Test results showed that AC deformation increased with rest period, irrespective of AC-mix type, stress level, and/or temperature. This observation was attributed to a well-documented hardening–relaxation mechanism, which occurs during AC plastic deformation. Hence, experimental and FE-model results are conflicting due to modeling AC as a viscoelastic and the difference in the loading mechanism. A shift model was developed by extending the time–temperature superposition concept to incorporate rest period, using the experimental data. The shift factors were used to compute the equivalent number of cycles for various platoon scenarios (truck spacings or rest period). The shift model was implemented in AASHTOware pavement mechanic–empirical design (PMED) guidelines for the calculation of rutting using equivalent number of cycles.
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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Pablo Cazenave, and Ming Gao. PR-328-133702-R01 Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011556.

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Phase one report: Crack fields (colonies) in dents are often observed in liquid pipe lines. Because of their colonial appearance, these cracks in dents are often thought to be associated with stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, a recent full-scale dent fatigue testing under a PRCI mechanical damage program showed that crack colonies in dents can be produced by fatigue. This observation facilitated PRCI to launch a further study of the cracking mechanism in dents using samples extracted from a liquid pipeline. A total of 6 pipe samples containing dent with crack/metal loss were investigated. Evidences from this investigation showed that cracks in dents are aligned in an axial direction with appearance similar to crack colony. Fractographic analyses showed that the mechanism for cracking in these dents was fatigue. No evidence of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was found. Fractographic analyses also showed that cracks in the colony were associated with a corrosion pit, suggesting corrosion pits are the initiation sites for fatigue crack. A combination of corrosion pitting and fatigue crack growth is the overall mechanism for the observed cracking, that is, corrosion may be the first degrading mechanism followed by the fatigue crack growth. Based on the understanding of the mechanism for cracking, a review is given to the currently available pit-to-crack transition and overall life prediction models. Applicability and limitations of these models to cracks in dent are discussed. Gaps and areas for further study are discussed. An example of rate competing between pit and crack growth and for overall life estimate is illustrated. In this report, sample selection and the approach used in this investigation are presented first. The findings from fractographic analysis are summarized. Currently available modelling efforts for pitto-fatigue are reviewed. Gaps and further research areas are discussed.
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Auden, Elizabeth Catherine. Basic Mechanisms: Displacement Damage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1524360.

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Pérez, N., D. Criollo, and S. Ospina. Wood density and vessel traits of woody species in Colombian seasonal dry lands as an adaptation to, and resilience mechanism for, livestock systems. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.5.

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In Colombia, as well as in South America, dry seasonal tropics have drought periods that can last for six months with less than 10% of mean annual rainfall (900-1150 mm). For livestock systems, this situation generates constraints in the quantity and quality of forage affecting productivity, protability and causing damage to natural resources (Figure 1). Within vegetative genetic resources, fodder trees are recognized for their adaptation to climate change and because they are a source of nutrients for herbivores, they are a topic that waits for improving knowledge about their contribution to mitigation. This study explores the range and variability patterns of xylem vessel traits and wood density of 24 woody forage species (Table 1) which occur within pastures and semi-natural grasslands in dry seasonal areas of the Tolima and Huila departments of Colombia.
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He, Dan, Hongmei Wu, Yujie Han, Min Liu, and Mao Lu. A meta-analysis of topical antifungal drugs to treat atopic dermatitis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0062.

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Review question / Objective: Various bacteria and fungi colonize the skin surface of patients with AD. The colonized fungi mainly include Malassezia, non-Malassezia yeasts, and molds. Among them, Malassezia occupies 63%~86% of the fungal colonization community on the skin surface of AD patients. Although the relationship between the level of Malassezia on the skin surface and disease severity remains controversial, many studies have shown that the level of serum anti-Malassezia-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in AD patients is related to the disease severity, especially in patients with AD in the head and neck. The specific mechanism by which Malassezia causes or aggravates AD is unclear, but damage to the skin barrier in AD patients is a key component of the mechanism. The presence of Malassezia on the skin also seems to change its barrier function, resulting in more Malassezia and its antigens colonizing the skin surface area that is exposed to the immune system. This produces a large number of specific IgE antibodies and cytokines to aggravate the disease.
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