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Journal articles on the topic 'Damaged mined land'
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1
Wu, Ya-lin, You-li Feng, Qi-sen Wang, Chong Gao, and Zhuo Zhang. "RECLAMATION SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF DAMAGED MINED LAND BASED ON THE LIMIT CONDITION METHOD-EXAMPLE OF PINGDINGSHAN TIANAN TEN COAL MINE." RECLAMATION SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF DAMAGED MINED LAND BASED ON THE LIMIT CONDITION METHOD-EXAMPLE OF PINGDINGSHAN TIANAN TEN COAL MINE 06, no. 09 (2021): 1017–23. https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v6i9.03.
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Reclamation suitability evaluation is the basis for determining the reuse direction of damaged land. Limit condition method is the most widely used method in land reclamation suitability evaluation at present. In this paper, the limit condition method is used to evaluate the suitability of land reclamation of damaged land in Pingdingshan Tianan ten coal mine. The evaluation index of damaged area is determined as six main factors: field slope/land flatness, ponding, depth of collapse, soil texture, thickness of soil layer, irrigation and drainage conditions, and finally determine the reclamation direction of the land to be reclaimed in combination with the overall local land use planning and the overall wishes of local residents.
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Bukhova, D. M. "Modern legal problems of restoration of lands damaged as a result of military operations." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 86 (2025): 96–100. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.86.3.14.
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Military actions have had a global negative impact on the land and soil of Ukraine as a whole, causing widespread contamination and degradation. Daily airstrikes and shelling leave deep craters, heavy metals from shells and military equipment penetrate the soil and groundwater, soil permeability decreases, oxygen is displaced, biochemical and microbiological processes are disrupted, vast areas are scorched by fires, and the risk of toxic waste emissions from industrial enterprises in temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine increases. Additionally, there is massive flooding of closed and war-damaged mines. Furthermore, Ukraine is the most mined country in the world. Unfortunately, this list is not exhaustive. The restoration of Ukrainian land and soil is one of the priority tasks in the post-war period, as it affects not only the ecological safety of the state but also its economic stability and development. Given the scale of the problems facing Ukraine, a comprehensive approach is needed, including legal, technological, and organizational support for land restoration. Important stages in this process are the assessment of the degree of damage, the development of an effective methodology for damage compensation, the implementation of modern technologies, the development and implementation of new regulations governing land restoration procedures, and the establishment of clear standards for soil quality. Ukraine also needs to take into account the experience of other countries in land restoration after military conflicts, particularly those that have applied innovative approaches and modern technologies for soil rehabilitation. This will help implement the best practices and restoration methods, ensuring effective and rapid land recovery. International cooperation and support will play a crucial role in this process, as the issue of restoring land and soil damaged by war is not only a domestic matter for Ukraine but also a challenge for the entire global community. Successful examples of land restoration in other countries demonstrate Ukraine’s readiness and ability to cope with the consequences of war and ensure sustainable development in the future, which is a priority task on which Ukraine’s future depends. Considering environmental, economic, and social aspects in the restoration process will allow not only to restore soil fertility but also to create conditions for sustainable development and prosperity of the country.
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Cheng, Linlin, and Haiyuan Sun. "Reclamation suitability evaluation of damaged mined land based on the integrated index method and the difference-product method." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 14 (2018): 13691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2020-4.
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Arislan, Arislan, M. Syukurman, and Mardalena Mardalena. "RECLAMATION OF EX-PETI AGRICULTURAL LAND IN MERANGIN DISTRICT (CASE STUDY IN PANGKALAN JAMBU DISTRICT MERANGIN REGENCY, JAMBI PROVINCE IN 2020)." Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science 2, no. 3 (2021): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijemss.v2i3.753.
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Unlicensed gold mining (PETI) is rife in the community, especially entrepreneurs / capital owners since the last ten years in Merangin Regency. Lack of awareness of negative impacts is a problem that needs serious attention from the government. There are miners who come from outside and from the community itself. Even though PETI is difficult to overcome, many of the people who own the land have processed it to be planted with rice again. In other places or areas in Indonesia, many ex-PETI lands cannot be planted with rice anymore because they have already contaminated with mercury. Due to the fact that many ex-PETI lands have been re-processed into paddy fields in Merangin Regency, a research was conducted which took place in Pangkalan Jambu District. The reason for choosing Pangkalan Jambu sub-district as the research location is because in this sub-district the largest area of land in Merangin Regency is being mined by the community. The research was conducted with a case study qualitative approach with data collection techniques, observation, interviews and documentation. The purpose of this study was to examine the processing of ex-PETI rice fields into reclamation. The results of the study concluded that the reclamation activity was carried out after several landowners tried to plant rice on the ex-PETI land which was successful and did not encounter any significant obstacles. Starting from here, other residents did the same thing and it turns out that it continues to grow until now. As the reason why rice plants can thrive, it turns out that in this place the miners do not use mercury when mining. Previously, the area of productive rice fields was 1202 ha and now, of the eight villages, the number of rice fields that have been reproducing (reclaimed) is 139 ha. There are 804 ha of rice fields damaged by PETI and there are 259 ha of land that are not damaged but have not yet operated or have not recovered and need to be reclaimed again.
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Villiers, A. J. De, M. W. Van Rooyen, and G. K. Theron. "Seed bank classification of the Strandveld Succulent Karoo, South Africa." Seed Science Research 12, no. 1 (2002): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr200198.
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Laboratory characteristics of seeds of 37 species (41 seed types) from the Strandveld Succulent Karoo were used to predict seed bank types according to a modified key of ). Five seed bank strategies were recognized for this vegetation type, i.e. two with transient and three with persistent seed bank strategies. Of the 37 species investigated, 32% (all perennial species) had transient seed bank strategies, while 68% had persistent seed bank strategies. Seed dispersal of these 37 species was mainly anemochorous, although antitelechoric elements such as myxospermy, hygrochasy, heterodiaspory and synaptospermy were found among these species. The seed bank alone will not be sufficient to restore the vegetation of damaged land in the Strandveld Succulent Karoo, since many of the dominant species in the vegetation do not produce persistent seed banks. Many of these species may, however, be dispersed by wind into revegetation areas from surrounding vegetation. Topsoil replacement, seeding and transplanting of selected species will be essential for the successful revegetation of mined areas in this part of Namaqualand.
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Pokalchuk, M. Yu, A. V. Marachuk, and O. O. Shulepova. "Legal support for post-war reconstruction measures of land resources of Ukraine." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (December 16, 2024): 455–61. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.06.74.
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In the article, the authors provided a description of the legal regulation of approaches, methods and measures of post-war recovery of land resources of Ukraine. It is emphasized that this topic is extremely relevant in the current conditions of the ongoing full-scale war, especially considering the circumstances that significant areas of land are degraded, unsuitable for use, mined, or are generally under occupation. The authors stated that one of the most important tasks of modern land legislation is the development and further legislative consolidation of legal methods of regulating land relations in the field of restoration. A prerequisite for this is a large number of Ukrainian land areas close to a critical condition. Fertile soils in Ukraine are recognized as one of the most important natural resources and national wealth. Military actions have the most destructive effect precisely on the most fertile layers of the land cover. Because of this, our country suffers numerous losses, primarily in the economic sphere, since almost a third of the world’s chernozems are concentrated on the territory of Ukraine. Natural recovery of these soil layers is extremely slow and may take tens or even hundreds of years. All this means that there is already a need for the development and legislative regulation of national strategies aimed at the accelerated restoration of soils after the end of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine. As well as the practical application of the developed methods and measures of land restoration in the territories where this is possible due to the absence of hostilities. The authors determined that approaches to restoration and reclamation of war-damaged land resources should be comprehensive and include legislative, ecological, economic and social aspects. A progressive idea seems to be the involvement of international aid (it can consist of various measures: provision of technologies and modern equipment; training and education of domestic specialists; provision of various methods developed in the field of land resource restoration; attraction of investors to finance various restoration projects, etc.). The authors conclude that the improvement of the legislative framework in the field of regulation of land restoration is an essential prerequisite for starting the process of reclamation of Ukrainian lands after hostilities.
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TONKHA, Oksana, Oleksandr MENSHOV, Dmytro LITVINOV, et al. "ASSESSMENT OF SOIL POLLUTION LEVELS IN SOUTHERN UKRAINE DAMAGED BY MILITARY ACTIONS." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (108) (2025): 30–38. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.108.04.
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Background. Russian aggression and military actions in Ukraine have caused significant soil damage and contamination. Approximately 139,000 square kilometers of Ukrainian territory have been affected by war-related pollution, leading to annual economic losses of $11.2 billion due to mined fields. Degradation processes impact over 15 million hectares of land, including more than 5 million hectares of chernozems, which have undergone various types of military degradation: physical, mechanical, chemical, physico-chemical, and biological. Methods. To ensure proper use and compliance with maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of hazardous substances during soil analysis and quality assessment, the selection of detection and control methods, as well as the establishment of general requirements and procedures for related activities, regulatory legal acts and standards are applied. Results. During the study, soil resources in the villages of Blahodatne, Kyselivka, Vasylky, and Maksymivka, located in the Mykolaiv district east of Mykolaiv, were analyzed. The concentration coefficient (Ks) assessment revealed extremely high values for copper (ranging from 8.2 to 81.19) and cadmium, necessitating the implementation of comprehensive monitoring and advanced purification technologies to stabilize the ecosystem. The differentiation of pollution based on the type of impurities showed that soil samples saturated with oil had the highest ecological risk for cadmium (Er=415) and lead (Er=130). In samples without hydrocarbon traces, the most hazardous elements were copper (Er=220) and cadmium (Er=665). Samples containing silvery metallic fragments exhibited a critically high risk for cadmium (Er=1228) and copper (Er=404), while the total risk index (RI) reached 1805, indicating a catastrophic level of contamination. Conclusions. The level of heavy metal pollution is high, making the use of the studied areas unsafe without technical and biological reclamation. In many zones, removing the topsoil layer is recommended due to its toxicity.
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Ebrahimabadi, Arash. "Selecting Proper Plant Species for Mine Reclamation Using Fuzzy AHP Approach (Case Study: Chadormaloo Iron Mine of Iran)." Archives of Mining Sciences 61, no. 4 (2016): 713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2016-0049.
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Abstract This paper describes an effective approach to select suitable plant species for reclamation of mined lands in Chadormaloo iron mine which is located in central part of Iran, near the city of Bafgh in Yazd province. After mine’s total reserves are excavated, the mine requires to be permanently closed and reclaimed. Mine reclamation and post-mining land-use are the main issues in the phase of mine closure. In general, among various scenarios for mine reclamation process, i.e. planting, agriculture, forestry, residency, tourist attraction, etc., planting is the oldest and commonly-used technology for the reclamation of lands damaged by mining activities. Planting and vegetation play a major role in restoring productivity, ecosystem stability and biological diversity to degraded areas, therefore the main goal of this research work is to choose proper and suitable plants compatible with the conditions of Chadormaloo mined area, providing consistent conditions for future use. To ensure the sustainability of the reclaimed landscape, the most suitable plant species adapted to the mine conditions are selected. Plant species selection is a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. In this paper, a fuzzy MCDM technique, namely Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is developed to assist chadormaloo iron mine managers and designers in the process of plant type selection for reclamation of the mine under fuzzy environment where the vagueness and uncertainty are taken into account with linguistic variables parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. The results achieved from using FAHP approach demonstrate that the most proper plant species are ranked as Artemisia sieberi, Salsola yazdiana, Halophytes types, and Zygophyllum, respectively for reclamation of Chadormaloo iron mine.
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Nezhevelo, V. V., and V. S. Liachenko. "Update on the assessment of the condition of lands and their restoration, following the consequences of martial law." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 85 (2024): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.2.24.
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The article is devoted to the study of selective problematic aspects regarding the assessment of the condition of the lands and the needs and possible ways of restoring the lands that were damaged as a result of the military actions of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the need and difficulty of clearing mined areas, which should be done with an integrated approach, but this process requires and will require a large amount of time and resources. The main focus is on the need to create a comprehensive strategy for land restoration, which will include damage assessment, development of new legal acts, as well as implementation of mechanisms for the protection and restoration of land resources as a component of the environment. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to introduce so-called «red zones» in the most dangerous and polluted territories, where economic or personal activities are dangerous for the health of the population, which needs to be taken into account, including the period of active hostilities in certain territories. The article also considers the experience of other countries that faced such problems, in particular, for example, the country of France after the First World War, and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation with the organization of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to ensure effective restoration of lands. In addition, it is proposed to introduce amendments to the tax legislation of Ukraine for a balanced temporary exemption of land owners or land users from taxes for the time of restoration works, which will contribute to more efficient use of resources. In addition, it was noted that the state government should take all organizational measures as much as possible in order to receive reparations for crimes against the environment from the aggressor country. The work emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the environmental policy of Ukraine with the norms of the European Union in the context of European integration, because Ukraine has a European integration course and environmental changes are also one of the conditions for joining the European Union, so the reconstruction of destroyed cities should already be in accordance with the norms of the European Union.
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Kuzmenko, V., N. Tretiak, V. Chornai, and I. Yarysh. "MILITARY ECOCIDE IN UKRAINE AS A DESTRUCTIVE CONSEQUENCE OF THE USE OF RUSSIAN MISSILES AND PROJECTILES." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки 19, no. 1 (2024): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.19.2024.08.
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Effectively, russia’s aggression against Ukraine can be considered the first case of intentional ecocide during wartime in this century. Through its actions, russia has caused massive destruction of the animal and plant world, pollution of the atmosphere, Ukrainian fertile lands, and water resources. According to calculations by the working group at the State Environmental Inspection, as of January 2023, the ecological damage to Ukraine during the 11 months of russian military aggression amounts to over 1 trillion 743 billion hryvnias, or over 47.6 billion dollars. This sum includes hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of ruined soil and devastated lands, forest fires, emissions of poisonous substances into the atmosphere, destruction of animals, alterations to the migratory paths of birds, and more. The top five regions most affected by ecocide in Ukraine are Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv, Donetsk, and Zaporizhzhia regions.
 The study of war ecocide crimes allows to systematise them by the following features: air pollution, soil pollution, destruction of green spaces, destruction of wildlife, water pollution, unauthorized use of subsoil, and disruption of ecosystems Since the beginning of the full-scale armed aggression by russian occupation forces on objects within the 71 territory of Ukraine, almost 6,500 missile strikes and nearly 3,500 aerial strikes have been carried out, resulting in environmental damage.
 Missiles launched onto Ukrainian territory carry hundreds and thousands of kilograms of chemical substances. In case of complete combustion and dispersion of remnants into the surrounding environment, they pose significant pollution and are toxic to all living beings.
 The destruction of the upper fertile layer of soil, which has been forming over centuries, occurs as a result of missile explosions, artillery shells of various types, cluster bombs, drones, mines, and various types of multiple rocket launchers.
 A significant problem is the contamination of soil with chemical substances, leading to a reduction in fertility and causing harm to both humans and animals living in polluted areas. In substantial areas of Ukraine, there is considerable damage to the surface layer of the soil due to the burning of munitions. The detonation of missiles, artillery shells, cluster bombs results in the release of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen, as well as a large amount of toxic organic compounds, which then enter the soil.
 According to assessments from the Kyiv School of Economics and Zoï Environment Network, a total of 186,000 km2 of land, nearly 31% of Ukraine's territory, is at risk of damage and pollution. Among them, over 20,000 km2 are damaged by more than 75% In addition to missiles, the aggressor country employs projectiles of various calibers and cluster bombs, the detonation of which causes environmental destruction, including damage to buildings, structures, industrial facilities, soil, wildlife, and ecosystems. Ukrainian land has transformed into a horrifying testing ground for various types of weaponry, including long-range artillery, salvo fire systems, phosphorus bombs, and guided missiles.
 A threatening issue is the replacement of territories, particularly agricultural lands. A mined area loses its intended purpose and cannot be utilized for a long period. Additionally, the demining of such territory requires substantial expenses.
 Therefore, russian missiles and projectiles pose a deadly threat to humans, animals, plants, harm the environment, devastate soil, water bodies, forests, destroy infrastructure, alter landscapes, and dismantle ecosystems.
 Thus, the investigation of war ecocide crimes involving russian missiles and projectiles allows the conclusion that these are extremely harmful actions resulting from military aggression. Those who perpetrate them are well aware of the serious and irreversible long-term damage inflicted on the environment.
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Zhang, Fei, Kai Hu Hou, Xu Ying Zhu, Li Yin Cao, and Yan Ran Pu. "The Effect Study of a Mine Land Reclamation Based on the Method of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2417.
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In recent years, our some rare earths have been mined improperly, causing some problems like environmental damages and the desertification of land in the mines. There is a necessary to restore them ecologically. In this paper, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation analysis was used to select all evaluating indicators implementing the land reclamation in a mine, and then expert judging method was to evaluate them with their comprehensive subordination degrees and their scores. Not only did these scores showed a good performance, but these solutions gave an example to other mines with a fact that this process was proofed feasible and scientific to evaluate the effectiveness of land reclamation.
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SKRYPNYCHENKO, Mariia, and Lidiia KUZNIETSOVA. "HALLENGES FROM THE OFFER AND DEMAND SIDES OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY DURING THE MILITARY ACTIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR IMPACT ON MACRODYNAMICS." Economy of Ukraine 2023, no. 8 (2023): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.08.047.
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Mass destruction of almost all types of infrastructure, the death of thousands of Ukrainian militaries and civilians, migration of millions of refugees abroad have already become the consequences of a full-scale war in Ukraine. The destruction of the infrastructure eliminated the assets of enterprises and complicated or disrupted the supply chains of both raw materials and finished products. A severe situation emerged in the agricultural sector, where the essential abundance of the country, namely fertile agricultural land, is being polluted and destroyed. It is difficult to predict the further development of the economic situation in the Ukrainian economy, specifically due to the fact that the war continues and the economic system suffers new losses every day. The consequences of hostilities in territories that must be liberated remain uncertain, as well as the terms of the end of hostilities. However, it is obvious already that the main challenges for offer and demand, which the Ukrainian economy will face in the near future, will be destroyed infrastructure, damaged or mined agricultural lands, a significant drop in the personal sector, and the scale of population movement outside the country. All this will negatively affect the consumer demand of the domestic market in general and the service sector in particular, and the offer of Ukrainian producers of several consumer goods will remain insufficient to satisfy even the narrowed demand of the domestic market. Under the conditions of the cessation of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine by the end of the current year, the dynamics of Ukraine's GDP will emerge from last year's deep recession but be unfavorable according to the results of the year 2023.
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Yao, Qi, Yufen Wang, Yuting Gao, Yuanchao Ma, and Tianheng Zheng. "Research Progress on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil in Mines." Scientific Journal of Technology 4, no. 12 (2023): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/sjt.v4i12.3275.
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The environmental problems caused by heavy metal pollution in mines are becoming more and more serious, especially the large-scale heavy metal pollution will cause the waste of land resources. At present, there are many remediation methods for heavy metal contaminated soil in mines, and the results of research and practice are scattered, without big data analysis. This paper summarizes the current remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil in mines, and puts forward some suggestions for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mines in the future. China is one of the countries rich in mineral resources. With the rapid growth of national economy, the development speed of mineral resources is accelerating, forming a large area of mined-out areas and abandoned land of metal mines, and the land area polluted by mineral resources development is expanding accordingly. The development of metal mines not only promotes the development of national economy, but also brings severe environmental problems. Chemical agents are usually used in the mining and dressing process of metal mines, and the harmful substances produced are fixed in the soil after circulation, which causes soil pollution and damages to the soil in different degrees. Soil pollution in metal mines is hidden, irreversible and lasting for a long time. Heavy metals are ingested by human body through food chain flow and atmospheric circulation, threatening human health and ecological security. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the state attaches great importance to the construction of ecological civilization. Mine ecological restoration is one of the quantitative indicators assessed by local governments, and the restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil is an unavoidable problem. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and try to find the best solution.
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Sydorov, Maksym. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY." Economic scope, no. 201 (June 10, 2025): 156–59. https://doi.org/10.30838/ep.201.156-159.
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Ukraine's agricultural sector has historically played a vital role in the national economy, serving not only domestic consumption needs but also acting as a significant contributor to global food security. The country’s fertile black soils (chernozem), favorable climate conditions, and strategic geographic location have enabled the large-scale production and export of key crops such as sunflower seeds, wheat of various grades, corn, barley, as well as, in more recent years, soybeans and rapeseed. These commodities have consistently ranked among Ukraine’s top exports, ensuring a steady inflow of foreign currency and cementing the country’s status as one of the world’s leading grain exporters. However, following the geopolitical upheavals since 2022, most notably the full-scale Russian invasion, Ukraine’s economic landscape has undergone significant transformation. The temporary occupation of parts of the country, particularly in the East and South, has not only disrupted agricultural logistics and infrastructure but has also further diminished other traditionally important sectors, such as mining and metallurgy. The decline of the chemical industry and other heavy industries — a process that began with the collapse of the Soviet Union — has accelerated, forcing a structural shift in economic focus and investment priorities. As a result, the agricultural sector has emerged as a cornerstone of national economic resilience. In the face of war-related challenges, from damaged supply chains to mined farmlands and labor shortages, Ukraine has continued to rely heavily on its crop production capabilities to sustain its GDP. Although the livestock sector remains underdeveloped in comparison and represents a smaller share of both value and output, it still contributes to food security and rural employment. In this context, the importance of agriculture has not only increased in economic terms but also in geopolitical and strategic dimensions. International support, investment in agricultural technology, logistics innovation (e.g., the creation of alternative export routes), and land restoration programs have become essential elements in ensuring the continued functionality and competitiveness of the sector. Consequently, Ukraine’s agricultural complex is not just a legacy of its past economic model, but a critical pillar in its future recovery and development.
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Alfan, eka suardana, and Muhammad Fuad. "Study Amendment of Post-Field Classification of Illegal Gold in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 06016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187306016.
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Illegal mining activities in the kolaka regency of Southeast Sulawesi province is one of the mines whose location is in the conservation area of nature tourism park. Mining by means of dredging with an average depth of up to 15 meters and indiscriminate stockpiling after mining, using mercury chemicals (hg) so make the land damaged and unproductive, changes in the landscape and damage the physical properties of the soil that makes the soil pH becomes sour, so as to make soil quality low, dust texture increased and soil compaction that makes soil chemistry decreased, so can not support the growth of plants around the mine, the occurrence of heavy erosion and loss of top soil. the mining area reaches 50 hectares which damages the soil quality and removes vegetation around the area.
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Ding, Qiaoling, Conrad Labandeira, and Ren Dong. "Biology of a leaf miner (Coleoptera) on Liaoningocladus boii (Coniferales) from the Early Cretaceous of northeastern China and the leaf-mining biology of possible insect culprit clades." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 72, no. 3 (2014): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.72.e31790.
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Specimens of the broad-leaved conifer, Liaoningocladus boii Sun, Zheng & Mei 2000 were evaluated from the mid Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation occurring overwhelmingly at Dawangzhangzi, Liaoning Province, NE China. Arthropod-mediated plant damage types (DTs) were categorized for 343 specimens of this host; one of these DTs represented a distinctive leaf-mine, DT280, established as Fossafolia offae Ding, Labandeira & Ren, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. A comparison of DT280 to analogous modern leaf mines was based on: (1) leaf-mine features observed in modern leaf mines; (2) likelihood of a particular leaf-mine culprit lineage being present, given phylogenetic evidence; and (3) body fossils of the candidate culprit occurring in the same or a spatiotemporally proximal deposit. Evidence from these three and other sources of information indicate the most likely miner of F. offae was an extinct species of Buprestidae (Coleoptera), perhaps similar to modern leaf-mining tribe Trachyini. Much less likely affiliations were Mordellidae, Chrysomelidae and Curculionoidea. Fossafolia offae leaf mines were produced by a larva that consisted of four instars, engaged in full-depth tissue feeding, partitioned into a linear, earlier-phase mine with a distinctive frass trail and a more blotch-like, later-phase mine. Adults of this leaf miner likely fed on L. boii, producing linear patches of intercostal window feeding, assigned to DT103, or less likely, may have been a pollinator. The adult female likely laid eggs singly into leaf tissues between adjacent major veins, resulting in DT101 ovipositional damage. This study provides for the use of multiple damage-types to document life-history feeding traits for a single herbivore species. Consequently, we introduce the damage-type suite concept to refer to two or more different damage types genetically linked to the same culprit herbivore that issue from different developmental stages (larvae, adult), or are produced by different tissue-penetrating insect organs (ovipositors, mouthparts). In addition, we provide a basis for using three types of general evidence necessary to elucidate identification of the culprit.
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Ding, Qiaoling, Conrad Labandeira, and Ren Dong. "Biology of a leaf miner (Coleoptera) on Liaoningocladus boii (Coniferales) from the Early Cretaceous of northeastern China and the leaf-mining biology of possible insect culprit clades." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 72 (December 12, 2014): 281–308. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.72.e31790.
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Specimens of the broad-leaved conifer, Liaoningocladus boii Sun, Zheng & Mei 2000 were evaluated from the mid Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation occurring overwhelmingly at Dawangzhangzi, Liaoning Province, NE China. Arthropod-mediated plant damage types (DTs) were categorized for 343 specimens of this host; one of these DTs represented a distinctive leaf-mine, DT280, established as Fossafolia offae Ding, Labandeira & Ren, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. A comparison of DT280 to analogous modern leaf mines was based on: (1) leaf-mine features observed in modern leaf mines; (2) likelihood of a particular leaf-mine culprit lineage being present, given phylogenetic evidence; and (3) body fossils of the candidate culprit occurring in the same or a spatiotemporally proximal deposit. Evidence from these three and other sources of information indicate the most likely miner of F. offae was an extinct species of Buprestidae (Coleoptera), perhaps similar to modern leaf-mining tribe Trachyini. Much less likely affiliations were Mordellidae, Chrysomelidae and Curculionoidea. Fossafolia offae leaf mines were produced by a larva that consisted of four instars, engaged in full-depth tissue feeding, partitioned into a linear, earlier-phase mine with a distinctive frass trail and a more blotch-like, later-phase mine. Adults of this leaf miner likely fed on L. boii, producing linear patches of intercostal window feeding, assigned to DT103, or less likely, may have been a pollinator. The adult female likely laid eggs singly into leaf tissues between adjacent major veins, resulting in DT101 ovipositional damage. This study provides for the use of multiple damage-types to document life-history feeding traits for a single herbivore species. Consequently, we introduce the damage-type suite concept to refer to two or more different damage types genetically linked to the same culprit herbivore that issue from different developmental stages (larvae, adult), or are produced by different tissue-penetrating insect organs (ovipositors, mouthparts). In addition, we provide a basis for using three types of general evidence necessary to elucidate identification of the culprit.
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Pyrikov, Oleksii V., Оksana V. Lunova, Viкtor M. Yermakov, Rolf Petry, and Natalya O. Lubenska. "Impact of the long-time armed conflicts on the ecological safety of industrial objects." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 2 (2022): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112235.
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 The article analyzes the consequences of pollution from industrial enterprises, as well as the risks of disruption of operation and flooding of mines. The armed conflict in the East of Ukraine led to serious environmental consequences – it is the pollution of groundwater, water bodies, air pollution, decommissioning of large areas of arable land, destruction and damage to objects of the nature reserve fund, forest fires, etc. It has been shown that in areas where the armed conflict continues, there has been significant pollution of the environment with chemical toxic substances, metal fragments and heavy metals due to artillery shelling and the use of explosives. As a result, numerous funnels were formed, which mutilated the land and destroyed natural protected areas, flooded mines, built fortifications, ditches, and damaged sewage and water supply networks. Risks associated with damage to communications, businesses and other facilities that pose an increased environmental risk, increase the scale of the negative impact. The problem of flooding of mines and excessive mineralization of waters, which are the part of the production process, is very relevant for both Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Solving this problem requires significant efforts from both the Ukrainian state and international environmental organizations. The main problem is that the mines are located in both controlled and uncontrolled by the Ukrainian government. The fate of coal mines in the territory not controlled by t government of Ukraine is uncertain and requires control by international organizations that are able to conduct monitoring activities. The coal industry in the EU is at «coal-out phase», i. e. at the stage of gradual abandonment of coal mining. First of all, this is dictated by the EU’s course to reach a carbon-free economy by 2050, which means the gradual abandonment of coal generation and the transition to renewable energy sources. And also in accordance with the EU Directive No787 in 2010 On the need to close unprofitable mines.
 
 
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Xie, Lifeng, Weicheng Wu, Xiaolan Huang, et al. "Mining and Restoration Monitoring of Rare Earth Element (REE) Exploitation by New Remote Sensing Indicators in Southern Jiangxi, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (2020): 3558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213558.
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Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in various industries. The open-pit mining and chemical extraction of REEs in the weathered crust in southern Jiangxi, China, since the 1970s have provoked severe damages to the environment. After 2010, different restorations have been implemented by various enterprises, which seem to have a spatial variability in both management techniques and efficiency from one mine to another. A number of vegetation indices, e.g., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), can be used for this kind of monitoring and assessment but lack sensitivity to subtle differences. For this reason, the main objective of this study was to explore the possibility to develop new, mining-tailored remote sensing indicators to monitor the impacts of REE mining on the environment and to assess the effectiveness of its related restoration using multitemporal Landsat data from 1988 to 2019. The new indicators, termed mining and restoration assessment indicators (MRAIs), were developed based on the strong contrast of spectral reflectance, albedo, land surface temperature (LST) and tasseled cap brightness (TCB) of REE mines between mining and postmining restoration management. These indicators were tested against vegetation indices such as NDVI, EVI, SAVI and generalized difference vegetation index (GDVI), and found to be more sensitive. Of similar sensitivity to each other, one of the new indicators was employed to conduct the restoration assessment of the mined areas. Six typically managed mines with different restoration degrees and management approaches were selected as hotspots for a comparative analysis to highlight their temporal trajectories using the selected MRAI. The results show that REE mining had experienced a rapid expansion in 1988–2010 with a total mined area of about 66.29 km2 in the observed counties. With implementation of the post-2010 restoration measures, an improvement of varying degrees in vegetation cover in most mines was distinguished and quantified. Hence, this study with the newly developed indicators provides a relevant approach for assessing the sustainable exploitation and management of REE resources in the study area.
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Daisy Radnawati, Desy F Makhmud, and Suzana K Putri. "ANALYSIS OF EX MINING LAND USE AS AGROFORESTRY TOURISM IN CISANTANA VILLAGE." Journal of Synergy Landscape 2, no. 2 (2023): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/tjsl.v2i2.16311.
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Cisantana Village is a village in Kuningan Regency, West Java, which is close to Mount Ciremai. Its natural conditions are pretty beautiful. The village has abundant natural resources, one of which is mountain stone. Illegal mountain stone mining activities have become the livelihood of the surrounding community, which, if not stopped, will damage the environment. The problem of land damage due to unlicensed mining activities is environmental damage. For this reason, this research aims to optimize the open land of former mines into agro-tourism land that focuses on education about agricultural and plantation activities that can attract tourists. Agritourism is expected to help restore the quality of the environment that has been damaged and develop the potential that exists in the location through tourism activities. Agritourism is a form of tourism activity carried out in agricultural areas that presents the natural scenery of agricultural areas and their activities (Arifin, 1992). The stages in this research include preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, concept, and design. The process of analyzing functions, sites, landscape buildings, and vegetation analysis is carried out as a basis for determining planning directions. Planning activities, the concepts prepared are poured into schematic designs, consisting of spatial arrangement designs, vegetation, sites, landscape buildings, and other details. The result of this research is to optimize Cisantana Village, which is a former mining area, as a sustainable agro-tourism area.
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Thakre, Bhupendra, and Uttam Soni. "Incidence of suitable insecticides for the control of leaf miner (Phyllcnistis citrella) on Nagpur mandarin at Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh, India." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 7 (2017): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.07.002.
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An experiment on the Incidence of suitable insecticides for the control of leaf miner (Phyllcnistis citrella) on Nagpur Mandarin at Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh was conducted at Government Nursery Kudam (Sausar Block of Chhindwara District) under Citrus project – Technology Mission on citrus during 2016. Observation recorded on total leaves and leavers damaged due to leaf miner on 8” long twig were counted before and at 7 days of treatment. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having seven treatments including control. Each treatment consisted of three replicates on 6 year-old Nagpur Mandarin plants. The insecticides applied as foliar spray twice initiating during the emergence of new flush in the month of February and Month of March Maximum leaf damage due to this pest was found during February to March. Imidaclroprid 0.005% Followed by Imidaclroprid 0.005% as second spray after 15 days recorded minimum damage as against control.
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Yao, Weiling, Wenjia Xu, Jie Wang, Hao Wang, Xiaoyang Liu, and Cunhao Jiang. "Research on Dynamic Monitoring and Ecological Restoration of Mining Environment in the Source Region of the Yellow River." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405006.
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The source region of the Yellow River is facing with problems of local ecosystem degradation and reduction of water conservation function, and the ecological environment in the source region of the Yellow River is fragile. Mining development is one of the key factors affecting the ecological environment in the source region of the Yellow River. Based on the high-resolution remote sensing satellite data of 2015 and 2018, this paper carried out the monitoring of the current situation and dynamic changes of the mine environment in the source region. The results show that the main mine environmental problems, caused by mining development, in the source region are land excavation and land occupation, and the growth rate is pretty fast. At present, the recovery rate of mines is low, only 25.24%. According to the present situation of mining environment, regional physical geography and other factors, the mine damaged land in the source region of the Yellow River is divided into three types: the natural restoration areas, the general restoration areas and the key restoration areas. The ecological restoration of mines in the source region should adhere to the strategy of taking measures according to local conditions, and offer specific ecological restoration proposals for each type of areas. The ecological restoration of mines in the source region should focus on water conservation, strengthen the restoration of stocking mine damaged land, study the permitting mechanism of mining activities, and reinforce the function of regional ecological protection.
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Do Nascimento, Edenilson Roberto, Gisele Cristina Sessegolo, Elias Fernando Berra, Claudinei Taborda Da Silveira, and Tony Vinícius Moreira Sampaio. "MINING IN CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CURITIBA, PR: CHALLENGES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF KARST AND SPELEOLOGICAL HERITAGE." RAEGA - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 59 (April 23, 2024): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v59i0.94933.
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Carbonate rocks are the lithotypes with the highest volume of exploitation and financial profitability in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (RMC), representing the most important mineral source for the cement industry, aggregates in construction, soil acidity correction, as well as housing the Karst Aquifer of the RMC, ornamental rock mines, and providing inputs for the manufacturing industry. However, mining activity, carried out in open-pit operations through the dismantling of rock masses usually using explosives, directly impacts the karst landscape and regional speleological heritage, especially the dozens of caves occurring in the region. Therefore, considering the irreversible nature of the environmental impacts resulting from mining and the lack of continuous monitoring of mined areas, remote sensing data, official mining data, and records of environmental damage were used to identify the growth of carbonate rock mining and its impacts on regional karst and speleological heritage. Specifically, the following data were used: records from the National Mining Agency (ANM), historical records from the Paraná Speleological Studies Group (GEEP-Açungui), and primarily, 1980-2022 land use and land cover change dataset derived from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 series of images. The increase in the land use classified as "mining" between 1980 and 2022, the annual increase in revenue from the Financial Compensation for Mineral Exploration, and the presence of dozens of caves in areas with active mining processes allowed for identifying that the growth of mining activity in carbonate rocks constitutes the greatest challenge to preserving the karst systems of the RMC.
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Provornaya, Irina, Irina Filimonova, Nataliya Yurkevich, Vasiliy Nemov, and Mikhail Mishenin. "Economic assessment of a complex of measures for the remediation of the territory from technogenic impact." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126504017.
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In this work, an economic assessment of environmental damage to water and land resources is calculated, and the cost of a project for the reclamation of destroyed lands within the territory of the Komsomolsk gold recovery plant is determined. The object of the study is directly the territory of the enterprise, which is located in the Tisulsky municipal district of the Kemerovo region. According to our calculations, the total assessment of environmental damage from the plant’s activities amounted to 458 million rubles, of which: 294 million rubles – accumulated environmental damage from water pollution; 164 million rubles – accumulated environmental damage from soil pollution in the surrounding area. The cost estimate of the destroyed land reclamation project amounted to 716.7 million rubles. At the same time, income from the sale of equipment and gold mined in the territory of the tailing dump reaches 3916 million rubles.
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Wang, Xiaotong, Jiazheng Han, and Jian Lin. "Response of Land Use and Net Primary Productivity to Coal Mining: A Case Study of Huainan City and Its Mining Areas." Land 11, no. 7 (2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11070973.
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The terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle is essential to the global carbon cycle. Mining activities have seriously damaged the terrestrial ecosystem and destroyed the carbon sequestration ability of vegetation, which is of great significance to studying the effect of coal mining on land structure change and carbon sink function in cities and mining areas. However, the existing research lacks the targeted analysis of the carbon sink level of the mining area combined with the mining data. Based on the coal-mining information, land-use data, and MODIS NPP data, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal change characteristics of land use and NPP in Huainan City and its mining areas from 2001 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) 22.5% of the land types in the mining area have changed, much higher than 3.2% in Huainan; 40.08 km2 of the cropland in the mining area has been transformed into waterbodies, seriously affecting regional food security. (2) NPP fluctuates with rainfall, has a weak correlation with temperature, and is restricted by coal-mining factors. The average NPP of most coal mines is significantly lower than that of non-mining areas. The NPP of Huainan City showed an overall growth trend of 2.20 g/(m2 × a), which was much higher than the average value of 0.43 g/(m2 × a) in the mining area. Especially in the Guqiao mine, the difference in NPPslope before and after mining was as high as 16.92 g/(m2 × a). (3) The probability integral method was used to estimate that 195.16 km2 of land in Huainan would be damaged by mining in 2020. The distribution of damage degree was negatively correlated with NPPslope, which meant the more serious the damage was, the less NPPslope was. This study revealed the characteristics of land-use change and NPP spatio-temporal response in resource-based cities and mining-disturbed areas. It quantitatively estimated the impact of mining activities on regional carbon sink function. It can provide theory and data support for mining areas to carry out ecological protection and restoration, improve the environmental service function of resource-based cities, and formulate sustainable development strategies.
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MsAditya, Isetyawan Putra*1 &. Yasmina Amalia2. "PLANNING SECONDARY MINE PLAN FOR THE 2nd YEAR PIT PT SENAMAS ENERGINDO MINERAL CENTRAL KALIMANTAN." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 8 (2019): 45–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3377979.
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PT. Senamas Energindo Mineral is a coal mining company in East Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Every mining business activity must have negative impacts such as health hazards to the community around the mining area, environmental damage and so on. To minimize these negative impacts, especially related to environmental damage, in accordance with Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 18/2008 concerning Reclamation and Mine Closure, each Mining Business Permit holder (IUP) is required to prepare a mine reclamation and closure plan in accordance with the principles the principles of the environment, occupational safety and health, and conservation of minerals. The study was conducted to determine the management of top soil and overburden for the 2nd year pit and to determine the time needed to arrange the land in the 2nd year pit. This research was conducted on the former mining land in PIT 2 PT. Senamas Energindo Mineral. From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the land structuring system for overburden is a flat leveling system with a flat terrace which has a maximum slope of 5%, the total cover land requirement for the 2nd year pit is 30,691,618.45 LCM, while the overburden pit for the second year -2 which is still stored in the waste dump area is 20,630,367.7 LCM, the rest is taken from the cover tanning in the 3rd year pit of 10,061,250.75 LCM, the total need for top soil is 573,640 LCM, the available top soil is 604,231, 29 LCM, and the total time needed to arrange the ex-mining land of PT. Senamas Energindo Mineral in the 2nd year pit is 524 days.
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Jiancheng, Yan, Liu Yong, and Gao Junhai. "Research on Identification of Land Damage Types and Analysis of Damage Process in Opencast Coal Mine of Steppe." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 04032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019404032.
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Aiming at the situation of land damage caused by large Opencast Coal Mine in steppe, this paper took Borshil Opencast Coal Mine in Hulunbuir as the research object, identified the types of land damage caused by Opencast Coal Mine in the last 20 years, analysed the space-time sequence and quantity of land damage process, and calculated the coefficient of land damage based on the types of damage. We found that, since 1998 to 2018, the area of land improper excavation and land cover occupation increased year by year in Borshil Opencast Coal Mine, the area of land improper excavation changed inconspicuously between years, and the area of land cover occupation decreased between years; the area of land occupation increased first and then remained unchanged basically, and the proportion decreased from 36.5% to 16.2%. By 2018, the total area of land damage in Borshil Opencast Coal Mine was 5150.52 hm2, and the ratio of land improper excavation to land cover occupation to land piled up was about 3:5:2. In addition, the land damage coefficient of Borshil Opencast Coal Mine increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum of 0.6425 hm2/104t in 2011, and it was 0.196hm2/104t in 1998-2018. The data combined with coal mine output can predict the future land damage area of mining area, and provide data support for land reclamation potential survey. It can also provide reference for the implementation of relevant national policies and plans.
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Antony, Dedy, Weni Wilia, and Agus Kurniawan Mastur. "KAJIAN POTENSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK TANAH BEKAS PENAMBANGAN SEBAGAI LAHAN SAWAH DI KECAMATAN PANGKALAN JAMBU KABUPATEN MERANGIN PROVINSI JAMBI." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 12, no. 1 (2024): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v12i1.697.
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The phenomenon of people's gold mining or often called gold mining without permit (PETI) in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province is a serious problem because it occurs in productive paddy fields. This activity causes damage to paddy fields due to processes during mining activities. After the mining activity, the damaged paddy fields needed handling, especially for being reclaimed into paddy fields again. The research was conducted at the Baru Pangkalan Jambu Village, Pangkalan Jambu District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. The research took place from May to November 2022 which consisted of two stages, namely: 1) mapping the potential of ex-mining land to become rice fields, 2). Analysis of soil characteristics in paddy fields that have been reclaimed. Data were analyzed descriptively based on the criteria of soil physical and chemical properties based on PPT Bogor (1994). The results showed that the soil physical properties of paddy rice fields from reclamation of former mines had relatively low bulk density, coarse soil texture (sandy loam). The chemical properties of the soil indicate that the land has very low organic C and total nitrogen and a relatively acidic to slightly acidic soil pH. Research shows that the quality of this soil tends to increase with the duration of post-reclamation utilization.Keywords: Paddy field, land reclamation, unauthorized people's mining, land quality
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Ma, Baodong, Xiangru Yang, Yajiao Yu, Yang Shu, and Defu Che. "Investigation of Vegetation Changes in Different Mining Areas in Liaoning Province, China, Using Multisource Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (2021): 5168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245168.
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Mining can provide necessary mineral resources for humans. However, mining activities may cause damage to the surrounding ecology and environment. Vegetation change analysis is a key tool for evaluating damage to ecology and the environment. Liaoning is one of the major mining provinces in China, with rich mineral resources and long-term, high-intensity mining activities. Taking Liaoning Province as an example, vegetation change in six mining areas was investigated using multisource remote sensing data to evaluate ecological and environmental changes. Based on MODIS NDVI series data from 2000 to 2019, change trends of vegetation were evaluated using linear regression. According to the results, there are large highly degraded vegetation areas in the Anshan, Benxi, and Yingkou mining areas, which indicates that mining activities have seriously damaged the vegetation in these areas. In contrast, there are considerable areas with improved vegetation in the Anshan, Fushun, and Fuxin mining areas, which indicates that ecological reclamation has played a positive role in these areas. Based on Sentinel-2A data, leaf chlorophyll content was inferred by using the vegetation index MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) after measurement of leaf spectra and chlorophyll content were carried out on the ground to validate the performance of MTCI. According to the results, the leaf chlorophyll content in the mines is generally lower than in adjacent areas in these mining areas with individual differences. In the Yingkou mining area, the chlorophyll content in adjacent areas is close to the magnesite mines, which means the spillover effect of environmental pollution in mines should be considerable. In the Anshan, Benxi, and Diaobingshan mining areas, the environmental stress on adjacent areas is slight. All in all, iron and magnesite open-pit mines should be monitored closely for vegetation destruction and stress due to the high intensity of mining activities and serious pollution. In contrast, the disturbance to vegetation is limited in resource-exhausted open-pit coal mines and underground coal mines. It is suggested that land reclamation should be enhanced to improve the vegetation in active open-pit mining areas, such as the Anshan, Benxi, and Yingkou mining areas. Additionally, environmental protection measures should be enhanced to relieve vegetation stress in the Yingkou mining area.
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Zhao, A., and A. Tang. "Land subsidence risk assessment and protection in mined-out regions." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-145-2015.
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Abstract. Land subsidence due to underground mining is an important hazard that causes large damages and threatens to social and economic activities. The China government has started a national project to estimate the risk of land subsidence in the main coal production provinces, such as Heilongjiang, Anhui and Shanxi Provinces. Herein, the investigation methods for land subsidence identification were reported, some types of land settlement are summarized, and some successful engineering measures to mitigate the subsidence are discussed. A Geographical Information System (GIS) for land subsidence risk assessment is developed and is based on site investigations and numerrical simulation of the subsidence process. In this system, maps of mining intensity and risk ranks are developed.
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Mustapha, S., A. K. Musa, and A. S. Aliyu. "Assessment of leaf miner Liriomyza spp (diptera: Agromyzidae) damage on tomato and the yield output in Ilorin, Southern Guinea Savannah, Nigeria." Agrosearch 20, no. 2 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v20i2.1.
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 Tomato plays an important nutritional role in human diet. Although, Nigeria is the largest producers of tomato in Africa, its production is threatened by the invasive polyphagous insect pest belonging to the genus Liriomyza. An experiment was conducted to enumerate the level of damage of the agromyzid fly Liriomyza spp on the tomato variety, UC82B. Infestations were observed on potted tomato plants and studied from December 2016 to March, 2017. The experimental treatment consisted of both screen house and field trials. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Data were collected on the number of tomato leaves mined by larvae of the pest every week after transplanting (WAT) and on the total weight of tomato fruits harvested. Using t-test statistical analysis, results revealed that tomato plants grown in the field were the most infested by the insect pest from 5 to 10 WAT having significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean population of the pest when compared to the screen house which had little or no infestation. However, there was no significant difference in the leaf damage by Liriomyza spp from 2 to 4 WAT. Tomato fruits harvested at the end of the experiment were weighed and observation showed that the screen house gave more fruit yield (90.80±6.10g) compared to the field experiment (24.20±2.27g) which was significantly lower due to leaf miner flies’ damage on tomato leaves. Therefore, appropriate control measures of the insect pest are recommended where screen houses may not be accessible.
 
 
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Liu, Yun Chao. "Coal Mine Land Reclamation Measures — Open-Pit Coal Mine of Baofa Coal Co., LTD." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.78.
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The coal mining has brought a series of ecological and environmental problems, including the most obvious one —land damage. Coal mine land reclamation can restore and rebuild the mine ecology, improve regional environmental quality, the establishment of social - economic - naturally coordinated development of a mine, ecologically virtuous circle of green industrial ecosystem. Open-pit coal mine of Baofa Coal Co., LTD. For its current land use, based on the "land reclamation technical standards" and other relevant standards and comprehensive study of area natural and socio-economic conditions, land suitability factors, the land reclamation countermeasures of open-pit coal mine are given out.
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Krešáková, Viera. "Revitalizácia hnedouhoľného revíru Lužice - ako príklad zodpovedného a konkurencieschopného rozvoja banského regiónu po ukončení ťažby." Ekonomika a spoločnosť 25, no. 2 (2024): 129–50. https://doi.org/10.24040/eas.2024.25.2.129-150.
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In 1988, the Lusatian lignite district was a major coal producer. However, after Germany’s reunification in 1990 and subsequent deindustrialization, most lignite mines and power stations closed, causing significant job losses and left the landscape devastated. This paper presents an exploratory case study of projects aimed at the reclamation of opencast mines following the cessation of lignite mining. Using content analysis of the programme website, relevant studies, our own observations of several completed and ongoing projects, we present the IBA Fürst-Pückler-Land programme, which included 30 sub-projects aimed at revitalizing damaged areas after mining activity and were also intended to contribute to tackling unemployment and out-migration from the region. We illustrate the functioning of these projects through the example of the IBA terraces sub-project. The implemented projects have not only significantly improved the image and attractiveness of the mining-ravaged region, as evidenced by the increased number of tourists, but have also laid the groundwork for new initiatives aimed at halting severe depopulation and attracting skilled workers to the area. In the discussion, we formulate suggestions for inspiration of the Slovak Brown Coal District, which in 2023 also ceased the extraction of brown coal and its processing into electricity.
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K, Suchitra. "Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Soil Using Biosurfactant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37395.
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Abstract: Mining results in enormous land damage, varying the ecosystem of microbial culture and disturbing plant life leading to annihilation of the land. Due to this researcher’s has shifted their focus to alternative methods for the sustainable development. The present study aims at environmental friendly and cost effective technique for the reclamation of abandoned mine soil using bio-surfactant. In the current investigation bio-surfactant was produced using Bacillus Subtilis MTCC no. 1427 on 20% spent wash collected from distillery unit. The mined soil with bio-surfactant was able to minimize heavy metal concentration and the plants grown on this soil were healthy similar to the results of the agricultural soil. Keywords: Mining, Abandoned, Reclamation, Heavy Metals, Re-vegetation, Bioremediation.
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Wang, Chunsheng, Lili Chang, Lingran Zhao, and Ruiqing Niu. "Automatic Identification and Dynamic Monitoring of Open-Pit Mines Based on Improved Mask R-CNN and Transfer Learning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (2020): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213474.
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As the ecological problems caused by mine development become increasingly prominent, the conflict between mining activity and environmental protection is gradually intensifying. There is an urgent problem regarding how to effectively monitor mineral exploitation activities. In order to automatic identify and dynamically monitor open-pit mines of Hubei Province, an open-pit mine extraction model based on Improved Mask R-CNN (Region Convolutional Neural Network) and Transfer learning (IMRT) is proposed, a set of multi-source open-pit mine sample databases consisting of Gaofen-1, Gaofen-2 and Google Earth satellite images with a resolution of two meters is constructed, and an automatic batch production process of open-pit mine targets is designed. In this paper, pixel-based evaluation indexes and object-based evaluation indexes are used to compare the recognition effect of IMRT, faster R-CNN, Maximum Likelihood (MLE) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The IMRT model has the best performance in Pixel Accuracy (PA), Kappa and MissingAlarm, with values of 0.9718, 0.8251 and 0.0862, respectively, which shows that the IMRT model has a better effect on open-pit mine automatic identification, and the results are also used as evaluation units of the environmental damages of the mines. The evaluation results show that level Ⅰ (serious) land occupation and destruction of key mining areas account for 34.62%, and 36.2% of topographical landscape damage approached level I. This study has great practical significance in terms of realizing the coordinated development of mines and ecological environments.
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Sulakhudin, Sukirno, and A. M. Abdillah. "Monitoring soil fertility to mitigate soil degradation in reclamation land after bauxite mining." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1314, no. 1 (2024): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012011.
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Abstract Bauxite is one of the minerals mined in an open pit system. Mining with this system will initially cause soil degradation because the soil layer covering the bauxite ore will be removed first from the mining location. The top soil will be returned after the bauxite ore extraction is complete. Returning soil to the mining site causes quite severe soil degradation because the process of taking and returning the top soil is carried out by an excavator which mixes the soil. As a result of this process, the soil in the reclamation area changes its chemical, physical and biological properties. To mitigate soil degradation in the reclamation area after bauxite mining, soil fertility status monitoring is carried out. This monitoring activity was expected to be able to identify and reduce the level of soil damage in post-bauxite mining reclamation land.
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Schuchová, Kristýna, and Jan Lenart. "Geomorphology of old and abandoned underground mines: Review and future challenges." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 44, no. 6 (2020): 791–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133320917314.
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Abandoned underground mines remain insufficiently investigated landforms, which leads to underestimating their importance within world landscapes. Even though they stand as distinct and widespread geomorphic forms, research devoted to them is underpublished in comparison with natural caves. Because many mines with disturbed entrances remain hidden, various methods of their detection are reviewed, which are essential to prevent loss of life and damage due to their eventual collapse. The most prominent manifestations of the presence of abandoned underground mines are dynamic deformations along with slower subsidence. Even small related movements of the rock mass are detectable. Interest in monitoring and modelling the motions of such processes is growing. In response to the increasing number of documented mines worldwide, their reclamation, remediation or rehabilitation are being initiated as part of efforts to restore land devastated by mining activities; complex reclamation problems can be addressed by multidisciplinary expert teams. However, it is important to note that abandoned underground mines and their particular geomorphic forms are considered to be a source of great geodiversity and hence also biodiversity. The various possibilities of future research connected with abandoned underground mines as geomorphic forms are outlined.
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Wang, Jiarui. "The Economic and Environmental Effects of Coal Mining: South Africa." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 5 (February 16, 2023): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5025.
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South Africa is a country that combines considerable coal mines, coal reserves and natural resources, environmental issues, and water scarcity. Increasing concerns with the carbon footprint and carbon dioxide emissions worldwide have led to a growing number of scholars studying the coal mining field. According to the research, the influences of coal mining in South Africa are dissected. The positive influence is that coal mining improves the South African economy, expressive of impacts on export, domestic consumption, GDP, and employment. However, coal mining damages the environment, evidently in water and air, which harms people’s and animals’ health. Depending on the backgrounds and facts of South Africa, the environmental issues should be given more consideration because they may threaten South Africa in the long term. Fortunately, two environmental policies, including damage land tax (DLT) and environmental bonds, are referred to solve the issue brought about by coal mining. Therefore, the economic effects of coal mining are the benefits for South Africa; the environmental influences are the cost.
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O, Fareed,, El-shahat, Nehal, F, Al-Shazly, M. F., Al Kilani , M, and khalifa, A. A. "MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY FOR LAND MINE ACTION PROGRAMS TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES." Journal of Environmental Science 40, no. 3 (2017): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jes.2017.20261.
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Hsiung, S. M., P. M. Lin, and S. S. Peng. "Structure and Ground Damage Over Abandoned Mine Lands." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1988, no. 2 (1988): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr88020362.
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Dassanayake, L., A. Karunarathne, and D. Munidasa. "(A21) Injury Patterns of Blast Type Antipersonnel Land Mine Victims." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000343.
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Anti-personnel land mines are deployed in many regions of conflict around the world. A large number of civilians and militants are affected regularly due to the blasts of such mines. Once set, they remain as silent concealed killers for decades and challenge the safety of the civilians even during the times of peace. A descriptive study was carried out at the Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital during a six month period starting in July 2007. The total number of anti-personal land mine injuries admitted during this period was 89. In all cases, the body part primarily in contact with the mine had been a lower limb. Except for few occasions, extensive soft tissue damage associated with compound fractures necessitated some form of an amputation for those limbs in primary contact with the blast mines. Closed fractures of the calcareous, talus, and the tarsal bones were seen in two cases. Nearly two thirds of the patients sustained either soft tissue or bone injuries to the opposite lower limb. Twelve percent of the victims had compound fractures on the opposite tibia and fibula. Injuries to external genitalia were seen in 8% of the cases. Upper limb injuries were not rare and predominantly found on the contra lateral upper limb (17%). The majority of them were soft tissue injuries. Chest wall injuries were seen among 2% of the cases. Superficial facial injuries were seen among 7% of the cases. In one occasion a gingival injury was detected. Seven percent of the victims developed deterioration in level of consciousness. None of them clinically showed any external physical trauma to the head. In some instances, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was ranked as 7 in which tracheal intubation and ventilation were needed. It was evident in this study that the majority of the affected patients sustained severe injuries in both lower limbs in contrast to some of the previous available studies.
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Rusdiana, S., and Cut R. Adawiyah. "ANALISIS EKONOMI DAN PROSPEK USAHA TANAMAN DAN TERNAK SAPI DI LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA." SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 10, no. 1 (2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v10i1.14118.
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This paper studies the results of the 2012 field survey research area targeted is the location of plantations owned by farmers in the village of Coventry District Leuwi Booths Bogor Regency of West Java, to get a general idea on the land through a pattern of oil palm plantations and the business of cattle through research studies with application of livestock on land that has not produced oil crops (TBM), coconut trees that produce (TM) and coconut trees that do not produce or damaged (TTM / TR) conservation-minded, analissi financial economics. Financial analysis methods is used to determine income from coconut plantations and cattle business. Primary data were obtained directly from the farmers, the secondary data obtained from the relevant authorities and research results. Primary and secondary data collected are tabulated qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as the tables. The results of the financial analysis of the plant economically immature coconut (TBM) gains from the coconut around Rp-3.780.000/tahun/ha because immature coconuts, which means the cost is still in pemeliharana coconut plants, of cattle around Rp5.143.000 / year, whereas immature (TBM) benefits of coconut around Rp6.750.000 / year / ha of cattle around Rp1.972.000/tahun and plants do not produce or damaged plants (TTM / TR) gains from the coconut around Rp1.200.000 of livestock around Rp4.950.000/tahun. It means that utilization of vacant land in coconut plantations damaged by cattle in financial analysis and profitable livestock farmers can maintain the existence of livestock.
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Chmykhalova, S. V., V. Yu Grishin, and I. A. Pytalev. "Reclamation of Lands Disturbed by the Mining Production Considering the Peculiarities of Land Allocation for the Mining Enterprises." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2023): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-28-33.
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Mining production is one of the important components of the economic development of the Russian Federation. But in the process of mining, environmental damage is caused, which must be compensated by reclamation (restoration). However, to date, the reclamation rate is inferior to that of extraction. A special feature of the legal regime of subsoil use is the dual form of land allocation: subsoil use (the Law of the Russian Federation «On Subsoil») and land use (the Land Code of the Russian Federation). In this paper, the technologies of parallel reclamation of sections (quarries) are considered, the project of which should be contained in a set of documents for obtaining a license for the development of subsurface resources. Parallel reclamation without using the mined-out space of the quarry involves the use of overburden rocks as materials for the construction of large-scale linear infrastructure facilities of the district, etc. Parallel recultivation using the developed space of the quarry (section) involves filling it with either current overburden rocks or recultivant obtained based on the mineral processing products or technogenic raw materials. At the same time, it is required to ensure that at least one side of the quarry is placed in the limit position in the absence of any communications on it. A prerequisite for the implementation of this approach is mandatory long-term planning. The reclamation plan and its direction should be developed before the start of mining operations in accordance with the needs of the region, and then consistently implemented. The necessary legislative and regulatory framework is available in Russia, but it needs to be finalized, in particular, clarification of the concept of reclamation. In this case, it is interpreted as the return of land to a new economic turnover. Close cooperation and interaction of business with the federal and regional authorities, scientific and design organizations is required to restore the lands disturbed by mining production in accordance with the current laws and regulatory framework in order to develop and implement geotechnological solutions that ensure the return of these lands to a new economic turnover.
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Pratama, Aldi Adi, and Faathir Alfath Risdarmawan. "Technical and Environmental Feasibility Analysis in Revitalizing Former Coal Mines as a Green Economy Pillar for Sustainable Development." Indonesian Journal of Community Development 4, no. 2 (2024): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijcd.v4i2.78591.
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Introduction : Coal mining plays an important role in the national economy, but after exploitation, mining land is often left in a damaged and unproductive condition. Therefore, revitalizing former coal mines is a strategic step to utilize degraded land into a new economic area that is oriented towards sustainability. Objective: The technical and environmental feasibility study aims to ensure that the revitalization of ex-mining land can be carried out safely, efficiently and in accordance with sustainability principles. This research also aims to explore the potential of former coal mining land as a basis for a sustainable green economy found at PT XYZ, as well as providing solutions to environmental challenges in a post-mining context. Method: Method: This community service integrates quantitative and qualitative methods to comprehensively understand the technical feasibility, environment, and green economic potential in ex-coal mining areas. Conclusion : Revitalization of ex-mining land can bring great potential in improving technical and environmental quality, utilizing renewable energy, and introducing more sustainable land use. Through improving soil quality, efficient management of natural resources, and utilizing renewable energy potential, ex-mining land can be converted into productive land that supports the green economy and sustainable development. Test data also shows that the revitalization of ex-mining land has a positive impact on soil pH quality, which can support more environmentally friendly and sustainable land management.
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Liu, Xiangbin, Xuemin Xing, Debao Wen, et al. "Mining-Induced Time-Series Deformation Investigation Based on SBAS-InSAR Technique: A Case Study of Drilling Water Solution Rock Salt Mine." Sensors 19, no. 24 (2019): 5511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245511.
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Compared to traditional coal mines, the mining-induced dynamic deformation of drilling solution mining activities may result in even more serious damage to surface buildings and infrastructures due to the different exploitation mode. Therefore, long-term dynamic monitoring and analysis of rock salt mines is extremely important for preventing potential geological damages. In this work, the small baseline subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique with Sentinel−1A imagery is utilized to monitor the ground surface deformation of a rock salt mining area. The time-series analysis is carried out to obtain the spatial–temporal characteristics of land subsidence caused by drilling solution mining activities. A typical rock salt mine in Changde, China is selected as the test site. Twenty-four scenes of Sentinel−1A image data acquired from June 2015 to January 2017 are used to obtain the time-series subsidence of the test mine. The temporal–spatial evolution of the derived settlement funnels is revealed. The time-series deformation on typical feature points has been analyzed. Experimental results show that the obtained drilling solution mining-induced subsidence has a spatial characteristic of multiplied peaks along the transversal direction. Temporally, the large-scale surface settlement for the rock salt mine area begins to appear in September 2016, with a time lag of 8 months, and shows an obvious seasonal fluctuation. The maximum cumulative subsidence is detected up to 199 mm. These subsiding characteristics are consistent with the connected groove mining method used in drilling water solution mines. To evaluate the reliability of the results, the SBAS-derived results are compared with the field-leveling measurements. The estimated root mean square error (RMSE) of ±11 mm indicates a high consistency.
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Bramiana, Chely Novia, and Ratih Widiastuti. "Implementing Mixed Land Use Rooting Jane Jacobs’ Concept of Diversity in Urban Sustainability." MODUL 17, no. 1 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mdl.17.1.2017.27-35.
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nowadays, sustainability has become an important issue in any development project, including area development. Thishappen because the area development requires space, in this case land. As people developing land, it damages theenvironment. It means there will be less balance between built environment and natural environment. This calls forconcern in urban sustainability. One of the ways to restore the balance is to reduce as much land as possible to be builtby maximizing the space. This paper will explore the multiple space use in terms of mixed-use development in differentlevel and also assess mixed land use implementation, which include the concept of diversity in urban sustainability
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Krzysztof Cygańczuk and Jacek Roguski. "The Consequences of Mining Damage and their Impact on the Natural Environment – a Case Study of Trzebinia." SAFETY & FIRE TECHNOLOGY 64, no. 2 (2024): 66–82. https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.64.2.2024.5.
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Aim: This article attempts to present issues related to surface subsidence in areas of closed and inactive coal and lignite mines. Land reclamation is the necessity of degrading the natural environment and restoring it to its original state. Introduction: Europe is giving up fossil fuels to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. It is also a result of the embargo imposed on 24 February 2022 on the Russian Federation on coal exports to European Union countries. This results in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels in all sectors of the economy. The direction of the search is towards choosing "green energy", which, due to its potential wide application, is already being treated as an instrument of climate neutrality. Many EU countries have decided to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, which means reducing greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 95% compared to the baseline year of 1990. However, achieving climate neutrality will require eliminating emissions not only in the electricity sector, but also in other sectors. As a result of this process, further areas requiring action after the mines are closed will be created, especially in Upper Silesia. Reclamation of post-mining areas is a very difficult task because there is no universal method of planning reclamation. Many forms of environmental degradation have been observed during mining activities. Methodology: The article uses theoretical and practical research methods, including the analysis of a report on satellite methods, which was developed on the basis of data from satellite radar interferometry. The land surface movement system belongs to the group of products of the Copernicus program, which involves monitoring the land surface, and its implementation was commissioned by the European Environment Agency (EEA). Moreover, the article was based on publications by domestic and foreign authors, authorities in the field of environmental engineering. Conclusions: Methods for reducing the negative impact of mining on the environment have long been developed and improved at all stages of mining activity, from reconnaissance work to the closure of a mining plant. One of the ways to reduce the negative impact of mining on the world's environment is the recultivation of post-mining areas, thanks to which the areas transformed due to mining activities are restored to their utility or natural values. Keywords: post-mining areas, environmental degradation, reclamation, land regeneration
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Mandzhieva, Lyubov B. "Архивные документы по разминированию оккупированных территорий Калмыцкой АССР в 1943 г." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук, № 4 (27 грудня 2023): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2023-4-28-70-92.
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Introduction. After the liberation from the temporary occupation by the German Nazis of part of the territory of the Kalmyk ASSR in the period from August 1942, it was necessary to proceed to the restoration of the national economy, to equip the personal farms of the inhabitants of the republic. In order to do this, it was necessary to get rid of the consequences of the occupation, including clearing the land of explosive mechanisms (mines, grenades). The purpose of the article is to study the archival documents of the R-68 foundation “The Republican Commission under the Council of People’s Commissars of the KASSR to investigate the atrocities of the Nazi invaders and the damage they caused to the national economy of the Republic (1942–1943)” of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, to identify documents related to the creation of safe living conditions for the population of the republic, taking measures to mine the territory of Kalmykia. Results. The documents of the R-68 fund contain information on the neutralization of the territories of Maloderbetovsky and Sarpinsky uluses from explosive devices left from the time of military operations on them. The sources contained in the fund indicate that a significant area of the occupied territory of the uluses was mined. The absence of documents in the R-68 fund on the clearance of territories of other uluses and the city of Elista, which were temporarily occupied, does not allow us to reveal the full picture of the work carried out to neutralize the territory of the republic. At the same time, these archival documents are valuable historical sources for the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, the partisan movement on the territory of Kalmykia, the heroic work of mine clearance officers, local authorities and the population of the republic.
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Shao, Ya, Qinxue Xu, and Xi Wei. "Progress of Mine Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (2023): 10458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310458.
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The mining of mineral resources has caused serious damage to land and significant pressure on ecological environment. During the repairing of damaged land and degraded ecosystems, there have been many pieces of literature related to land reclamation and ecological restoration (LRER) that have emerged. To understand the progress and prospect of LRER research, it is necessary to sort out such pieces of literature, analyze the current research status, and forecast the future research directions. Here, Bibliometrix R-package was used to analyze 2357 articles, which were derived from the core database of Web of Science, to explore the development of LRER from 1990 to 2022. The results are as follows. (1) The annual scientific output results show that both the number of articles published on LRER and the number of articles annually citied were increasing gradually from 1990 to 2022. (2) High-frequency keyword analysis indicates that heavy metal (Cd, Pb) pollution remediation is a research hotspot. The cluster analysis (CA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) show that there are two clusters in the current research of LRER, in which one surrounds heavy metal pollution and the other focuses on ecological restoration of mining areas. The two clusters correspond to the remediation and ecological restoration (rehabilitation) stages of stepwise ecological restoration, respectively. Thematic evolution analysis shows that, for more than 30 years, mine drainage and heavy metal pollution treatment, soil reconstruction (soil profile reconstruction, soil improvement), and vegetation restoration have been the focus of research. (3) Future research should focus on the relationship between mine ecological restoration and carbon sequestration and the relationship between ecological restoration and biodiversity in mine areas. In addition, LRER technology exchange, international cooperation, and industrialization are also main directions of development. Generally, in this study, metrology software (Bibliometrix R-package 3.1.4) from the literature was used to sort out the relevant literature on LRER over the past 30 years so as to provide reference for future research on LRER.
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Barus, Baba, Suria Darma Tarigan, Reni Kusumo Tejo, and Yuri Ardhya Stanny. "Development of a land stability index for land damage assessment: the case of a nickel mine, North Konawe, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9, no. 4 (2022): 3695. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.094.3695.
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Assessment of land damage has been included in several Indonesian government policies, but it tends to have zero dimensions or only one point in the year. This study tried to propose an inter-time assessment of land damage with a land stability index by including the development of knowledge and technology at nickel mining sites in the easternmost part of North Konawe Regency. Orthophoto and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) images from drones in 2020 were taken in a field survey and used as primary data. While the SPOT 5 Imagery in 2014 and National DEM were collected as secondary data. The developed method combining slope, soil, TRI (Terrain Ruggedness Index), and land cover factor has been considered moderately accurate. Applying the method between different periods has produced a temporal land stability index where a positive value means more unstable, zero means unchanged, and a negative value means more stable. The results showed that after six years, the largest area due to nickel mining in the area has not changed much or had zero value. This is because the area tends to remain a natural forest. The more stable area is located in the southern part of the study site. However, the increasingly unstable area is located in the northern part of the study site. If no reclamation action is taken, the potential for further damage will occur.