Academic literature on the topic 'Damaged Roads'

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Journal articles on the topic "Damaged Roads"

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Jamil Rasyid, Novi Yona Sidratul Munti, and Deddy Gusman. "Web-Based Planning of Geographic Information System Mapping of Broken Roads in Kampar Regency." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) 1, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jestm.v1i1.16.

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Road is a land transportation infrastructure and transportation route that is very vital at this time. Damage to the road is a big problem for some people who use the road every day. Kampar Regency during 2020 damaged roads including high, lightly damaged asphalt surface conditions 59.20 km, gravel heavily damaged along 4.00 km, and heavily damaged dirt road surface conditions along 2.80 km. Damage to roads in Kampar Regency can cause various kinds of losses, such as obstruction of road access to the destination, accidents, and damage to vehicles due to passing through bumpy and potholed roads, thereby increasing vehicle repair operational costs. Damage to roads can be overcome by making plans in a web of public complaints to the authorities in reporting the location of damaged roads. The purpose of this research is to help make it easier for the public when reporting damaged roads to PUPR by using the online damaged road reporting system by entering their name and email. The research method used in this research is the waterfall method. This waterfall method has a sequential flow of software starting from planning. The design of this system uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object-Oriented Analysis Design (OOAD).
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Indra Yustiana, Somantri, Dudih Gustian, Anggy Pradifta Junfithrana, and Satish Kumar Damodar. "Broken Road Detection Methods Comparison: A Literature Survey." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY (IJEAT) 5, no. 2 (November 23, 2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/ijeat.v5i2.75.

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Roads are infrastructure built to facilitate regional development. Good road conditions will certainly provide a sense of comfort for every vehicle that will pass through it. For that, care and attention to road conditions needs to be done. The occurrence of damage to the road will hinder the development process. Currently, detection of damaged roads is still done manually using human resource. It makes the detection process take quite a lot of time to determine how bad the damage is. So there needs a way to help improve time efficiency and accuracy in detecting damaged roads. One of them is by utilizing machine learning technology. In this paper, we will discuss what methodology can be use and their comparisons to be able to use appropriate and effective methodologies to detect cases of damaged roads
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Qin, Qi Ming, Hai Jian Ma, and Jun Li. "Damage Detection and Assessment System of Roads for Decision Support for Disaster." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1144.

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After the occurrence of significant natural disaster, the resulting damaged roads interrupt the rapid emergency response for disaster, and therefore, the disaster relief department is desperate for the destruction condition of roads in the devastated region, which can help make relief decisions and deploy rescue actions. In view of the practical needs of the disaster relief department and the objective fact that at present there is not any special, high automatic damage detection system of roads, we develop Road Damage Detection and Evaluation System (RODDES). Using the basic road data in GIS (Geographical information system) as the prior knowledge, the system extracts the pre-disaster and post-disaster roads from post-disaster remotely sensed imageries, and then detects the damaged regions and evaluates the destruction condition. This paper emphasizes the overall design of the system and the submodule design and their functions. The system is applied in detecting and evaluating the damaged roads in Wenchuan County, China and the experiment results show that nearly all producer’s and user’s accuracies of the road extractions and damage detections are above 75%, and it accurately evaluates the destruction condition of roads.
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Dilla fafira, Novi Yona Sidratul Munti, and Beni Setiawan. "Analysis of Web-Based Geographic Information System Mapping of Broken Roads in Kampar Regency." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) 1, no. 1 (July 13, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jestm.v1i1.11.

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Road is a very vital land transportation infrastructure and transportation route. Apart from being transportation, roads also function as a medium of socialization and accessibility for the community. Damage to the road is a big problem for some people who use the road every day. Therefore, a public complaint system is needed to the authorities in reporting the location of damaged roads, so that road repairs can be carried out quickly. The purpose of this study is to make it easier for the public to report damaged road conditions using a damaged road reporting system website that can be accessed online. The research method used in this study is the waterfall method. This waterfall method has a sequential flow of software starting from planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. The design of this system uses Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object Oriented Analysis Design (OOAD). The programming language used is PHP Framework Yii and MySQL database. This research was conducted on a website reporting damaged roads in Kampar Regency which also provides information on roads that have been repaired in Kampar Regency and provides information related to the Kampar PUPR Service. With this system, PUPR's performance in repairing damaged roads that have been reported by the general public will be better.
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Yastawan, I. Nyoman, Dewa Made Priyantha Wedagama, and I. Made Agus Ariawan. "PENILAIAN KONDISI JALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SDI (SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX) DAN INVENTARISASI DALAM GIS (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM) DI KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG." JURNAL SPEKTRAN 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektran.2021.v09.i02.p10.

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Assessment of road conditions using the SDI method and inventoried in the GIS in Klungkung Regency is carried out on the Jl. Gn Agung, Jl. Gn Rinjani, Jl. Gn Batukaru, Jl. Gn Semeru, and Jl. Gn Batur. Selection of district roads used by roads in the city of Semarapura which is the center of travel in Klungkung district should get more attention through road handling. In addition, the sections used are roads that visually have road damage. This research was conducted because there are still damaged roads that must be treated quickly. This study aims to analyze road conditions, analyze road handling types and inventory road conditions in a GIS map. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through a survey of road conditions by measuring road damage, while secondary data was obtained from the Bina Marga section of the PUPRPKP Office of Klungkung Regency, namely, SK Klungkung regency roads, Klungkung regency road maps and Klungkung district road baseline data. The stages of research analysis were identification of road damage by measuring, data recapitulation by processing survey results, data analysis using the SDI method and inventorying in a GIS map. The results of the assessment for the Jl. Gn Agung is in moderate condition 0.416 km and slightly damaged condition is 0.300 km. Jl. Gn Rinjani, 0.277 km is slightly damaged. Jl. Gn Batukaru is slightly damaged by 0.119 km. Jl. Gn Semeru is slightly damaged by 0.288 km. Jl. Gn Batur condition is slightly damaged 0.546 km. For the type of handling carried out Jl. Gn Agung periodic maintenance and routine maintenance, Jl. Gn Rinjani, Jl. Gn Batukaru, Jl. Gn Semeru and Jl. Gn Batur is regular maintenance. Inventory of road condition data and basic road data of Klungkung district using GIS provides an overview of road conditions in the form of a road network map so as to provide convenience in monitoring road conditions and determining the type of handling. This research can be used as a reference in determining the type of handling of district roads in Klungkung district.
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Mulyana, Dadang Iskandar, and Ilham Wahyudi. "Deteksi Kerusakan Jalan Berdasarkan Citra Digital Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)." Jurnal Indonesia : Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2025): 294–302. https://doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v6i1.1192.

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Highways are a connection between an area or region to another destination. The rapid construction of highways in big cities is not comparable to the improvement and rearrangement of damaged roads in several areas. Most of the damaged roads are caused by heavy vehicle traffic or heavy loads with quite frequent intensity, as well as natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes. This of course disrupts the traffic system, and is quite dangerous for drivers who often pass through areas where there are many damaged roads. With these obstacles, this study aims to build a system that can detect road damage through digital image capture using the convolutional neural network method. The results of this study obtained a road damage detection accuracy value reaching 80%.
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Immanuel, Candra Great, Dimas Nugroho Putro, Salsabilla Varadinta, and Joko Siswanto. "Aplikasi Layanan Pengaduan Kerusakan Jalan (APZARD)." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 6 (October 13, 2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v6i.864.

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Many roads suffer potentially harmful damage to road users. The slow pace of road repair and limited surveillance are constraints to create a road that is safe for the user. The APZARD application is a service of road damage between people and governments so that a faulty road can be found and repaired quickly. The research method used is the waterfall method with the steps of analysis, design, code and test. Results from the study indicate that the application could be run and used by the public to file road damage received by admin and then proceed to road repair. The APZARD application helps the government watch over the damaged roads and follows up complaints from road related damages.
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Winarta, Widiana Putra, I. Nyoman Piarsa, and Ni Made Ika Marini Mandenni. "Geographic Information System for Mapping and Complaint of Damaged Roads." Jurnal Ilmiah Merpati (Menara Penelitian Akademika Teknologi Informasi) 9, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jim.2021.v09.i03.p05.

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Indonesia is a massive archipelago of 1.919.400 km², containing roads that span at 542.000 km across various terrain conditions. This diverse geographic environment is a challenge to road constructions and repairs across the country, which has lead to disruption in public service and traffic accidents each year. We propose the Geographic Information System for Mapping and Complaint of Damaged Roads, a solution which can provide users a digital interface to report damaged roads to the transportation department in their area. This research uses Google Maps API to digitize and make a complaint about damaged roads. The result of this research is an android application for the users and a website application for the road managers. The android application is used by the users to make complaints of damaged roads. The web application is used by road managers to draw the road on Google Maps using polyline feature. With this our goal is to systematize the handling of damaged roads information, leading to faster service times and hopefully help reduce the level of traffic accidents in Indonesia. Keywords: Complaint, Damaged road, Geographic Information System, Google Maps, Road digitization.
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Hamdani, Hafiz, and Heni Pujiastuti. "Priority Mapping for Handling Environmental Road Using GIS in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency." Civil and Environmental Science 005, no. 02 (October 3, 2022): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.civense.2022.00502.11.

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Improving road access is very important to support human activities. One of them is improving the quality of environmental roads in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency. To make it with the availability of funds which cannot cover the entire segment in one time, that’s why priority handling is needed. This paper intends to determine the number of environmental roads in Gerung District; to know the priority of handling with SDI survey; and create a handling priority map using GIS. Based on the results, it was found that the number of environmental roads in Gerung District was 987 sections spread over 11 villages and 3 sub-districts. Handling priority of environmental road determined by the classification of road conditions as follows: good, medium, lightly damaged and heavily damaged. The number of roads based on this classification are: 568 segments for good condition; 131 segments for medium conditions; 200 segments for lightly damage; and 88 sections for heavily damaged conditions. In the map, each road segment assigned with colour identity according to its conditions and handling priorities using QGIS. The colour identities are: yellow for good condition; orange for medium conditions; red for lightly damaged conditions; and maroon for heavily damaged conditions
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Lubis, Edo Rizki Pradana, Gina Cynthia Raphita Hasibuan, and M. Ridwan Anas. "Analysis of Secondary Local Road Conditions Using the Surface Distress Index (SDI) Method in Medan Amplas District." ASTONJADRO 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2025): 201–10. https://doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v14i1.16884.

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Road network data and information and spatial supporting infrastructure are important to a road database management planning process. Medan Amplas District, Medan City has a road network divided into national authority roads, provincial roads and city roads, which is 143.14 km. The study area in this research is a flexible pavement-type secondary local road with a length of 33.12 km. The method used in this research is the Surface Distress Index (SDI) Method. SDI divides road conditions into 4, namely good condition, moderate condition, lightly damaged condition and heavily damaged condition. According to RCS or SKJ 2011, there are only 4 elements that are used as support for calculating the SDI value, namely % crack area, average crack width, number of holes, and average rutting depth. From the results of the analysis of the level of road damage in secondary local roads with flexible pavement type in Medan Amplas District, namely 51 road sections in good condition (98%) and 1 road section in fair condition (2%). It can be concluded that the condition of Secondary Local roads in Medan Amplas District is in good condition and only requires routine maintenance at certain points on each road section. The condition of the Secondary Local roads in Medan Amplas District using the SDI Method is in Good Rating, but the Denai River Inspection Road section has a rating of moderate damage.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Damaged Roads"

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Al-Rubaee, Rasha Hassan. "A conceptual model to effectively prioritise recovery of roads damaged by natural/man-made disasters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3699/.

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After natural/man-made disasters, a major challenge faced by governments is to ensure a speedy recovery of roads and transportation networks. In order to achieve this, a new road recovery priority (RRP) model has been developed to identify key issues and their inter-relationships giving a better understanding of factors that govern prioritisation across the affected regions. Interviews are conducted with experts in road reconstruction and maintenance organisations to investigate respondents’ evaluation and understanding of the RRP model in terms of its ease of use, usefulness, comprehensiveness, applicability, feasibility and structure. A questionnaire survey is conducted to investigate the impact of the important proposed affecting factors that can be critical for successful implementation and application of the RRP model in the road rehabilitation sector. A field survey is carried out to collect data which are essential to determine parameters in the model’s application. Four case studies are carried out to investigate the RRP model’s application in a variety of road conditions. The application of this model may solve the problem of decision making in road recovery priority determination in a hierarchical manner so that the recovery process can be accomplished from an urgent repair need to a lower recovery priority.
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Karagania, Richard M. "Road roughness and infrastructure damage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36011/1/36011_Karagania_1997.pdf.

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Scientific research has identified road roughness as a significant factor that contributes to increased vehicle dynamic wheel loads and therefore damage to pavements and bridges. The other factors include vehicle speed and vehicle suspension type. More specifically and regarding road roughness, research has shown that damaging effects are caused by certain wavelengths and features in road profiles and not the overall road roughness. Various methods of classifying road roughness based on the ride quality are available. These methods, though important, are limited in identifying the location of features along road profiles that cause exceptionally high dynamic wheel loads hence damage. It is the development of a methodology for identifying the location of these abnormally high dynamic wheel forces that this thesis addresses. A vehicle-road interaction model was developed for this research. This computer model uses a quarter vehicle model and recorded road profile elevation data to simulate the response of half a vehicle axle (quarter vehicle) driving along a road. 47 road profiles over 17 bridges were measured to run the model. Signal processing techniques developed by electrical and mechanical engineers have been used as an additional tool to road profile analysis. These techniques are very powerful and their application to road profile investigations is significant. Using computer simulation and by combining ride and damage criteria analysis, a methodology of identifying segments of road that induce high dynamic wheel forces and the location of abnormally high dynamic wheel forces has been established.
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Gopallawa, Praveen. "Fatigue Failure Model for Local Roads in Ohio that Use Road User Maintenance Agreements Due to the Increase in Truck Traffic." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1566389151107255.

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Zhang, Jizhe. "Moisture damage of aggregate-bitumen bonds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32725/.

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Moisture damage of the asphalt mixture is defined as the loss of strength, stiffness and durability due to the presence of moisture (in a liquid or vapour state) leading to adhesive failure at the aggregate-bitumen interface and/or the cohesive failure within the bitumen or bitumen-filler mastic. The presence of moisture can accelerate the distress of asphalt pavement in several different modes, such as rutting, fatigue cracking, thermal cracking and the formation of potholes. In the field, the moisture damage normally happens first at the interface of two pavement layers or at the bottom of pavement layers and develops gradually upward. Once moisture has come into contact and interacted with the asphalt mixture, moisture damage could be developed by the following mechanisms: detachment, displacement, spontaneous emulsification, pore pressure, and hydraulic scour. It should be mentioned that moisture damage is not limited to only one mechanism but is the result of a combination of several mechanisms. As mentioned previously, the common modes of moisture damage of asphalt mixtures are a loss of adhesion between the aggregate and bitumen and/or a loss of cohesion in the mixture. Among these two failures, the adhesive failure is recognised as the main mode of moisture damage. Hence, the physico-chemical interactions between aggregates and bitumen in the presence of moisture are believed to partially govern the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures, which can also affect the serviceability, performance and durability of the asphalt pavement. This thesis describes the work that was carried out with regard to the moisture damage evaluation of aggregate-bitumen bonds through different procedures. The fundamental properties of the individual material such as the chemical composition and rheological properties of bitumen, moisture absorption, surface morphology and mineralogical composition of aggregates were first characterised. Two types of equipment, namely the dynamic contact angle (DCA) analyser and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) system were used for determining the surface energy of the bitumen and aggregates, respectively. The obtained surface energy results were then combined thermodynamically to determine the work of adhesion between aggregate and bitumen, and the reduction in the adhesive properties if water is introduced into the system. Three established mechanical tests consisting of the standard peel test, Pneumatic Adhesion Tensile Testing Instrument (PATTI) test and a pull off test were developed and redesigned to make sure that these tests are practical, reliable and feasible to measure the bonding strength of aggregate-bitumen combined specimens. The composite substrate peel test (CSPT) was developed to prepare composite substrates using crushed coarse aggregates as a more practical replacement for the aggregate substrates prepared from aggregate boulders. Finally, the moisture damage results from mechanical tests and thermodynamic results were compared and correlated with the basic physico-chemical properties of the original materials. The results showed that in the dry condition, all techniques used in this research, including the mechanical tests and the surface energy tests led to similar results, with bitumen rather than aggregates dominating the bonding properties of aggregate-bitumen systems. After moisture conditioning, the four mechanical tests, including standard peel test, CSPT, PATTI test and pull-off test showed similar moisture sensitivity ranking and failure surface results demonstrating the good correlation between these four tests. In addition, based on the comparison conducted, the four mechanical tests are all considered to be reliable to evaluate the moisture sensitivity of different aggregate-bitumen systems. However, based on the aggregates considered in this research, the moisture sensitivity parameters obtained from the surface energy tests are suggested unreliable to evaluate the moisture sensitivity of aggregate-bitumen systems.
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Alzubaidi, Hossein. "On rating of gravel roads." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure and Planning, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3252.

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Cahoon, Lindsey Charlene. "Micro-CT Inspection of Impact Damage in Carbon/Epoxy Rods." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6350.

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Various configurations of unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite rods were impacted radially, inspected using micro-CT scanning equipment, and tested in axial compression to measure the residual strength after impact. This data was used to correlate the relationship between impact energy, residual strength, and the peak crack area and total crack volume along the length of the specimens. These specimens represent local members of open three-dimensional composite lattice structures (e.g., based on isogrid or IsoTruss® geometries) that are continuously fabricated using advanced three-dimensional braiding techniques. The specimens were radially impacted with 2.5 J (1.9 ft-lbs), 5.0 J (3.7 ft-lbs), 7.5 J (5.6 ft-lbs), 10 J (7.4 ft-lb), 15 J (11 ft-lbs), and 20 J (15 ft-lbs) of energy, and compared to undamaged control specimens. The unidirectional core specimens were 8 mm (5/16") in diameter and were consolidated with various sleeve configurations and materials. Sleeves differed in types (bi-directional braided sleeves or unidirectional spiral wraps), nominal sleeve coverage of the core fibers (full or half), and sleeve material (Nomex Thread or Dunstone Hi-Shrink Tape). The unsupported length of the specimens used in this research was 50.8 mm (2") to ensure a strength-controlled compression failure rather than a failure due to buckling. After impact, the specimens were scanned using a micro-CT scanner at resolutions of 50 and 35 microns and subsequently tested in axial compression. The micro-CT scan images were analyzed to measure the crack areas along the specimen. From this analysis, the peak crack area and total crack volume along the length of the specimen was calculated. Similar to past research, as the impact energy increases, the residual compression-strength-after-impact decreases. As the impact energy increases, specimens with shrink tape sleeves had the largest increase in peak crack area and overall crack volume while specimens with full spiral sleeves had the lowest increase in peak crack area and overall crack volume. A bimodal increase is evident in the peak crack area and total crack volume over the length of the specimen where specimens impacted at 15 J (11 ft-lbs) showed the highest peak crack area across all sleeve types. There is a slight correlation between the increase in peak crack area and overall crack volume and the decrease in residual compression strength after impact. Shrink Tape, while yielding a higher quality specimen with greater compression strength prior to impact, did not protect the specimens against damage due to impact as well as other sleeve types. This was shown by the large decrease in residual compression strength after impact and increase in peak crack area and overall crack volume as the impact energy increased.
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Hardy, Michael Stuart Anthony. "The response of flexible pavements to dynamic tyre forces." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385406.

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Cole, David James. "Measurement and analysis of dynamic tyre forces generated by lorries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334095.

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Gonzales, Elkin, and Kevin Lundberg. "Vägskador av tung trafik : Upplåtande av vägnätet för 74-tons lastbilar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189558.

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Näringslivet efterfrågar ett införande av 74 tons lastbilar på det statliga vägnätet. Det finns ett flertal fördelar med att höja maximala bruttovikten från nuvarande 64 till 74 ton. Däremot är höga bruttovikter direkt kopplade till bärighetsrelaterade skador. Syftet med denna studie är att ligga till grund för vidare arbete av Trafikverket. Detta för att uppnå bättre kontroll på hela det statliga vägnätet och den tunga trafikens inverkan. Studien har utgått från observationer i PMSv3, ett webbaserat system med grafiska tvärprofiler baserade på vägytemätning samt information om det statliga belagda vägnätet. Observationerna innefattar mönsteridentifiering av återkommande tvärprofilstyper tillskrivna skador av den tunga trafiken. Resultatet av tvärprofilstyperna har sedan analyserats och beskrivits som representativa spårtyper för det statliga vägnätet. Slutsatsen är att det finns indikation på mönster av spårtyper. Utifrån observationerna i PMSv3 har spårtyperna formulerats som hypoteser för vidare forskning.
The wood industry asks for an imposition of 74-ton trucks on the national road system. There are several advantages of increasing the maximum gross weight from 64 to 74 tons. On the other hand, high gross weights are directly connected to structural road damage. The purpose of this study is to serve as foundation for further research by the Swedish transport administration. The ulterior goal is to reach better control on the national road system. The basis of the study is a web-based system - PMSv3, which contain road information and transverse road profiles. The observations in PMSv3 have led to rut-types ascribed due to heavy gross weights. The conclusion is that rut-patterns indications exist. Based on the observations in PMSv3, the rut-types have been formulated as hypothesis for further research.
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Tsampardoukas, Georgios. "Semi-active control algorithms to reduce road damage caused by heavy articulated vehicles." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443124.

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Books on the topic "Damaged Roads"

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Making available appropriations in budget authority: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his notification making available appropriations in budget authority for the Department of Transportation pursuant to be used to provide immediate assistance to southern California for roads and bridges damaged by the earthquake, as well as for outstanding Midwest flood costs, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Seminar on Roads (1st 1992 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania). 1st Seminar on Roads, 1992: "disaster prevention" : 29th-30th October 1992, Kilimanjaro Hotel, Dar es Salaam. [Dar es Salaam]: IET, 1992.

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North Dakota. Department of Transportation. Rising water in the Devils Lake Basin (impacts on transportation). Bismarck, N.D: North Dakota Dept. of Transportation, 2001.

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Parola, Arthur C. Highway infrastructure damage caused by the 1993 Upper Mississippi River basin flooding. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1998.

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Janoo, Vincent C. Performance of Montana highway pavements during spring thaw. Helena, Mont: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 2002.

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Mahoney, Joe P. The evaluation of frost related effects on pavements: A research summary report. [Olympia, WA] (Highway Transportation Bldg., Olympia 98504): Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division, 1985.

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Lary, Jo A. Evaluation of frost related effects on pavements. Olympia, WA (Highway Administration Bldg., Olympia 98504): Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division, 1985.

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Dorn, M. R. Road tanker design: Resistance to accidental damage. Sudbury: HSE Books, 1996.

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Sherwood, P. T. Winter air temperatures in relation to frost damage in roads. Crowthorne, Berkshire: Pavement Materials and Construction Division, Highways and Structures Department, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Sherwood, P. T. Winter air temperatures in relation to frost damage in roads. Crowthorne, Berks: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Highways and Structures Dept., Pavement Materials and Construction Division, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Damaged Roads"

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Toledo, Rafael S., Cristiano S. Oliveira, Vitor H. T. Oliveira, Eric A. Antonelo, and Aldo von Wangenheim. "A Performance Increment Strategy for Semantic Segmentation of Low-Resolution Images from Damaged Roads." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 80–95. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79029-4_6.

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Chen, Jiaxin, Ming Wu, Haotian Yan, Binzhu Xie, and Chuang Zhang. "Change-Aware Network for Damaged Roads Recognition and Assessment Based on Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Imageries." In Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, 255–66. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8462-6_21.

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Jiang, Zhenhua, Yan Chen, Xintong Lu, and Jianhan Hu. "Experimental Research on Road Snow Melting Performance Based on Electric Heating Tube." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 325–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_29.

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AbstractCold regions and snowing weather are widely distributed in Global, which caused a series of problems in road safety, such as icy surfaces of roads, frozen-thaw Circle damage, and traffic jams. This research aims to improve the energy-efficient of electric heating snow-melting tubes for solving the icy and snowy pavement of urban roads. Numerical simulation and in-situ testing experiments is used in the research while the temperature field distribution and snow melting performance of the electric heating pipe heating road system are explored. It is found that the increasing of electric heating pipes cause a great impact on the snow melting effects. Moreover, this study lays the theoretical and experimental foundation for practical applications.
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Wang, Zijian, Hongkun Li, Xin Zhang, Bin Zhang, Qi Liu, Yadong Liu, and Baosheng Rong. "Load Transfer Capacity Analysis of Prefabricated Steel Fiber Concrete Pavement Slab." In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building, 271–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_29.

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AbstractThe joint of prefabricated concrete pavement slab is an important structural part of the prefabricated pavement slab. The joint damage will reduce the pavement function and accelerate the plate damage. The joint treatment technology is also a problem that puzzles engineering researchers. How to ensure the mechanical properties, load transfer rate and life of the assembled road joint has become the main research direction of the assembled road. This paper takes the indoor test as the research method, analyzes the bending and strain of the indoor test groove and lap joint. It is found that the bending value of the groove joint is large, and the tensile strain is the main one, which is easy to be damaged by tension. Through the comparative test, it is suggested that the joint form of the assembled road slab should adopt the lap type.
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Korpunen, Heikki, Yrjö Nuutinen, Paula Jylhä, Lars Eliasson, Aksel Granhus, Juha Laitila, Stephan Hoffmann, and Timo Muhonen. "Harvesting of Continuous Cover Forests." In Managing Forest Ecosystems, 109–24. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70484-0_6.

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Abstract Overall forest management objectives and stand properties set the requirements and possibilities for harvesting in continuous cover forestry (CCF). Harvester and forwarder operators play a key role in successful CCF harvesting, as both productivity and quality of work are essential factors in harvesting operations. Optimal stand conditions improve work productivity on selection harvesting sites; harvested stem volume correlates well with work productivity in cutting, and density of remaining trees does not significantly reduce work productivity in forwarding. Carefully executed group cutting and shelterwood harvesting can reduce the number of damaged remaining trees, which is beneficial for future tree generations. Research-based information is needed about work productivity in harvesting, damage caused by harvesting, and optimisation of strip road and forest road networks for CCF.
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Kauffmann, Heidi, and Pascal Rossigny. "Winter damage to wearing course." In Roads and Airports Pavement Surface Characteristics, 837–47. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003429258-82.

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Kuduev, Altynbek, Zhypargul Abdykalyk kyzy, and Boris Shumilov. "Laser and Photogrammetric Modeling of Roads Surface Damages." In XIV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021”, 279–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80946-1_28.

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Caccamo, Sergio, Rafael Mrden, and Amit Dekel. "Analysis of road damage with computer-vision based drive-by system." In Roads and Airports Pavement Surface Characteristics, 393–402. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003429258-39.

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Zhang, Dongmei, and Zhijie Xu. "Improved YOLOv7 for Road Damage Detection." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 559–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3951-0_61.

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Choi, Y. K., A. C. Collop, and N. H. Thorn. "A Simple Damage Approach to Modelling Fatigue in Bituminous Materials." In Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 103–12. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078814-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Damaged Roads"

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Khan, Akmal, Naik Muhammad Babar, Mir Ali Abbas, Ahmed Ullah, Zara Rafique, and Muhammad Moiz. "Bridge Failures Caused by Flood: A Case Study of Balochistan." In 14th International Civil Engineering Conference, 91–98. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-sjte1a.

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The flood caused by the heavy rainfall during July and August 2022 in Balochistan led to massive and widespread damage to the infrastructure and lifelines. A total of 6953.83 km of roads and 435 bridges were damaged in Pakistan. To prevent such losses and create a climate-resilient transport infrastructure system by creating bridges strong enough to endure various natural challenges with minimal harm and swiftly recover their functionality, this study used the data from 35 flood-affected bridges in Balochistan as a case study to create patterns and relationships between flood disaster and bridge failure mechanisms. Using qualitative data from field visits, the bridges were statistically analyzed for failure modes such as geological and structural failure, and for damage states including slight, moderate, extensive, and completely washed out. Then all possible failures in each component of the substructure and superstructure were observed. After data interpretation, it was disclosed that most bridges were moderately damaged, accounting for 37.14% of the total, with 62.86% experiencing a combination of geological and structural failures. The abutments, wing walls, and approaches were identified as the most affected components. Based on these findings, practical recommendations are proposed to mitigate the possible failures due to floods.
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Chutchavong, Vanvisa, Satawat Doungpan, Witchapon Kasettakarn, Surapit Thiabkhuang, and Thanapol Phungtua-Eng. "Study on Damage to Flexible Pavement Road in Thailand: Identification Types of Crack on Roads Using Image Processing Takes." In 2025 13th International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 1–5. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieecon64081.2025.10987823.

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Ashida, Yugo. "Localized Corrosion on Coating Damaged Surface of Automotive Suspension Coil Springs." In CORROSION 2017, 1–10. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09152.

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Abstract This study focuses on a better understanding of pitting and crevice corrosion on coating surface damaged carbon steels in automotive applications. Immersion and cyclic polarization tests were conducted on bare and coated metals in a 5% NaCl solution. The morphology of localized corrosion, including a filiform appearance, was characterized after exposure to the corrosive environment. To simulate the coating damage of automotive suspension coil springs and stabilizer bars under road conditions, a sharp-tipped scratching awl was used to create scratches and indents. Localized corrosion on the zinc phosphate (ZnP) pretreated and coating damaged surface was investigated in a 24-hour immersion test. The correlation between localized corrosion and metal substrate exposure is studied. Key factors affecting the localized corrosion of carbon steels with damaged coating are discussed.
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De Luna, Robert G., Mariano G. Abejo, Beatriz M. Aldave, Ruth Hannah P. Barrete, Jewel L. Lim, Hazel M. Mendoza, Myka Sydney Morcoso, and Karina L. Enriquez. "Enhancing Road Safety: A CNN-Based Approach to Road Damage Classification." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ist63414.2024.10759198.

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Zhang, Yiying, Xuefeng Tang, Chunlin He, Tao Yang, Zekuan Zhao, Lirong He, Linbo Li, Hao Liu, and Xiaoning Hou. "Improved automatic road damage detection for YOLOv8." In International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering (STCE 2024), edited by Zhengang Feng and Miroslava Mikusova, 45. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3060708.

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Lou, Li, and Wang Jingjing. "Road damage detection based on improved YOLOv8." In 4th International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Data Processing (EIEDP 2025), edited by Azlan Bin Mohd Zain and Lei Chen, 117. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3067135.

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Zhang, Xinyuan, Yibing Kong, and Zhiguo Zhou. "BGSL_YOLOv8: object detection algorithms for road damage." In 4th International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Data Processing (EIEDP 2025), edited by Azlan Bin Mohd Zain and Lei Chen, 32. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3066958.

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Tang, Xu, and Jianan Cai. "YOLOv8-based improved algorithm for road damage detection." In Fourth International Conference on Advanced Algorithms and Neural Networks (AANN 2024), edited by Qinghua Lu and Weishan Zhang, 126. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3049933.

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Rintaro, Akashi, and Kousuke Matsushima. "Mobile Generalized Category Discovery for Road Damage Detection." In 2024 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs62486.2024.10867910.

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Tsanaullailla, Laura, Inggit Yeira Budi Agranata, Steven Harun Samba, and Faqih Hamami. "Road Pothole Damage Detector at Night Using YOLOv8." In 2024 International Conference on Advanced Information Scientific Development (ICAISD), 138–43. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaisd63055.2024.10894890.

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Reports on the topic "Damaged Roads"

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Alexander, Serena, Bo Yang, Owen Hussey, and Derek Hicks. Examining the Externalities of Highway Capacity Expansions in California: An Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Using Remote Sensing Technology. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2251.

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There are over 590,000 bridges dispersed across the roadway network that stretches across the United States alone. Each bridge with a length of 20 feet or greater must be inspected at least once every 24 months, according to the Federal Highway Act (FHWA) of 1968. This research developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for bridge and road inspection using drones with multiple sensors collecting capabilities. It is not sufficient to conduct inspections of bridges and roads using cameras alone, so the research team utilized an infrared (IR) camera along with a high-resolution optical camera. In many instances, the IR camera can provide more details to the interior structural damages of a bridge or a road surface than an optical camera, which is more suitable for inspecting damages on the surface of a bridge or a road. In addition, the drone inspection system is equipped with a minicomputer that runs Machine Learning algorithms. These algorithms enable autonomous drone navigation, image capture of the bridge or road structure, and analysis of the images. Whenever any damage is detected, the location coordinates are saved. Thus, the drone can self-operate and carry out the inspection process using advanced AI algorithms developed by the research team. The experimental results reveal the system can detect potholes with an average accuracy of 84.62% using the visible light camera and 95.12% using a thermal camera. This developed bridge and road inspection framework can save time, money, and lives by automating and having drones conduct major inspection operations in place of humans.
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Kulhandjian, Hovannes. AI-Based Bridge and Road Inspection Framework Using Drones. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2226.

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There are over 590,000 bridges dispersed across the roadway network that stretches across the United States alone. Each bridge with a length of 20 feet or greater must be inspected at least once every 24 months, according to the Federal Highway Act (FHWA) of 1968. This research developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for bridge and road inspection using drones with multiple sensors collecting capabilities. It is not sufficient to conduct inspections of bridges and roads using cameras alone, so the research team utilized an infrared (IR) camera along with a high-resolution optical camera. In many instances, the IR camera can provide more details to the interior structural damages of a bridge or a road surface than an optical camera, which is more suitable for inspecting damages on the surface of a bridge or a road. In addition, the drone inspection system is equipped with a minicomputer that runs Machine Learning algorithms. These algorithms enable autonomous drone navigation, image capture of the bridge or road structure, and analysis of the images. Whenever any damage is detected, the location coordinates are saved. Thus, the drone can self-operate and carry out the inspection process using advanced AI algorithms developed by the research team. The experimental results reveal the system can detect potholes with an average accuracy of 84.62% using the visible light camera and 95.12% using a thermal camera. This developed bridge and road inspection framework can save time, money, and lives by automating and having drones conduct major inspection operations in place of humans.
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Saadeh, Shadi, and Maria El Asmar. Sensitivity Analysis of the IDEAL CT Test Using the Distinct Element Method. Mineta Transporation Institute, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2243.

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Cracking is a primary mode of failure for asphalt concrete (AC), resulting in road damage and deterioration, and leading to an increase in road hazards and fatalities. Studying the fracture behavior of AC is an effective way to learn how to best enhance their cracking resistance. To do this, the indirect tensile cracking laboratory test (IDEAL-CT) was developed and used to assess the AC cracking behavior by defining a unique index that allows the ranking of different mixes’ cracking resistance. The sensitivity of the test results to the test parameters is needed to monitor the test’s performance. Several parameters impact the result of the IDEAL-CT. This study focuses on the variation of air voids, loading rate, aggregate shape, bonding type, and gradation mix. Performing more than 450 test scenarios—varying multiple factors and conducting enough tests for each variation—would require considerable resources and time. To solve the issue, the Particle Flow Code in two-dimension software (PFC2D) using the discrete element method (DEM) is adapted to mitigate the need for actual laboratory tests. Initial findings yielded a better understanding of the micromechanical behavior of each mix, showing that air void content has more impact than loading rate; a decrease of 2% in air voids resulted in an increase of more than 50% in cracking resistance. Additionally, different aggregate sources and bonding strengths affected the cracking resistance. These results can inform further studies on AC cracking in order to reduce road damage and deterioration to keep roads safe.
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Terp, Susan, and Marjorie Wright. Environmental Share -- Damage to a Cultural Site from Off-Road Driving. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1863735.

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Hardy, Chris, Muthu Gandi, Adam Burry, and Desmond Power. PR-271-143716-R02 Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) Decision Support for Pipeline Third Party Interference. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011530.

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Satellite monitoring offers unique advantages to the industry in meeting the objectives of managing third-party encroachment to mitigate the potential of mechanical damage. Satellite monitoring of third-party encroachment involves a persistent acquisition of satellite imagery over a pipeline right-of-way (ROW), combined with computerized change detection to identify potentially hazardous activities. Monitoring using satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides an all-weather day or night monitoring of a specific geographic location. This monitoring service can be enhanced with third-party information to increase the confidence in targets detected within satellite imagery. This information can also be used to reduce false positives. A simplistic example of this would be to use road location information overlaid with target information. A target found on a road, such as a tractor-trailer rolling down a highway, represents a small risk to a pipeline and subsequently can be given a lower risk or even be removed as a threat altogether. On the other hand, a large vehicle in a field near a pipeline and not on a road may represent a higher risk to a pipeline. The higher confidence data in-turn allows pipeline integrity operations staff to focus on the higher probability targets, saving time and resources, while maintaining safety standards. This concept has been implemented in the form of a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) Decision Support System (DSS) that integrates with CalPoly's Representational State Transfer Access for Pipeline Integrity Database (RAPID). RAPID houses multiple data sources such as roads, utilities, agriculture, and construction information to increase target confidence. Both the BBN-DSS and RAPID were developed under the same DOT Cooperative Agreement (OASRTRS-14-H-CAL).
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Virtucio, Michael, Barbaros Cetiner, Bingyu Zhao, Kenichi Soga, and Erturgul Taciroglu. A Granular Framework for Modeling the Capacity Loss and Recovery of Regional Transportation Networks under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study on the Port of Los Angeles. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxhg3206.

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Earthquakes, being both unpredictable and potentially destructive, pose great risks to critical infrastructure systems like transportation. It becomes crucial, therefore, to have both a fine-grained and holistic understanding of how the current state of a transportation system would fare during hypothetical hazard scenarios. This paper introduces a synthesis approach to assessing the impacts of earthquakes by coupling an image-based structure-and-site-specific bridge fragility generation methodology with regional-scale traffic simulations and economic loss prediction models. The proposed approach’s use of context-rich data such as OpenStreetMap and Google Street View enables incorporating information that is abstracted in standard loss analysis tools like HAZUS in order to construct nonlinear bridge models and corresponding fragility functions. The framework uses a semi-dynamic traffic assignment model run on a regional traffic network that includes all freeways and local roads (1,444,790 edges) and outputs traffic volume on roads before and after bridge closures due to an earthquake as well as impacts to individual trips (42,056,426 trips). The combination of these models enables granularity, facilitating a bottom-up approach to estimating costs incurred solely due to physical damage to the transportation network. As a case study, the proposed framework is applied to the road network surrounding the Port of Los Angeles---an infrastructure of crucial importance---for assessing resilience and losses at a high resolution. It is found that the port area is disproportionately impacted in the hypothetical earthquake scenario, and delays in bridge repair can lead to a 50% increase in costs.
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Bock, Margaret, Alexander Cardazzi, and Brad Humphreys. Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Pavement Damage Reduces Traffic Safety and Speed. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29176.

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Beavers, Calvin, Chad Day, Austin Krietemeyer, Scott Peterson, Yushin Ahn, and Xiaojun Li. Mapping of Pavement Conditions Using Smartphone/Tablet LiDAR Case Study: Sensor Performance Comparison. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2224.

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Poor road conditions affect millions of drivers, and assessing the condition of paved surfaces is a critical step towards repairing them. This project explores the feasibility of using the Apple iPad Pro LiDAR sensor as a cost-effective tool for assessing the damage and condition of paved surfaces. Our research aims to provide accurate and precise measurements using readily available consumer devices and compare the results to state-of-the-art equipment. This investigation involved visual inspection, identification, and classification of pavement distresses, followed by a comparison of the iPad and iPhone LiDAR data with a survey-grade terrestrial laser scanner. The project revealed several limitations of the iPad Pro-based LiDAR approach. The level of detail captured in the scans was relatively low, with a best-case resolution of 1 cm and an inability to detect smaller cracks and shallow potholes. Longer scans (in terms of both time and distance) led to geometric anomalies in the surface models. Colorized scans provided some visual contrast, aiding in the identification of damage, particularly on moderately damaged concrete surfaces. The potential sources of error were identified, including the performance of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), the limitations of the LiDAR sensor itself, and the opaque nature of onboard data processing within the 3D Scanner App. Suggestions for improvement included the use of gimbal stabilizers to enhance scan quality and the exploration of more intensive PC-based processing for raw data analysis. Hardware advancements by Apple and software enhancements by app developers were also highlighted as potential areas for future improvement. While the project revealed limitations and challenges, the authors acknowledge the possibility of future hardware upgrades, augmented reality advancements, and improvements in sensor accuracy and processing. However, based on this project’s findings, the iPad Pro LiDAR approach currently falls short of providing the necessary resolution and accuracy required for comprehensive roadway damage assessment. Results indicate that additional developments are necessary to address the identified limitations and make this method a viable and cost-effective solution for roadway surface evaluation.
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Konijnenburg, Jan. Certification Approaches for Weigh-In-Motion Systems in Law Enforcement Applications. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.2200-05.

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Every day, overweight and excessively heavy vehicles cause damage to roads, bridges, and other vehicle-based infrastructure. To protect the vital transportation infrastructure for the U.S., states have imposed weight limits for commercial and fleet transport vehicles. A common way for enforcing these weight limits is to guide trucks off the road to weigh stations where the vehicles can be weighed using static truck scales. A disadvantage of these dedicated weigh stations is that they take up a substantial amount of space (which is not always available) and time to conduct weighments, as well as cause delays to traffic flow that may impede commerce based on truck transport. A solution to these problems is the use of high-speed weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems that are installed in the road and weigh vehicles as they pass by while maintaining their speed. For jurisdictions to effectively use a WIM system for direct enforcement of weight limits, the system must be evaluated against a recognized standard to establish suitability for its intended application. The vast majority of weighing instruments used for legal metrology purposes (including law enforcement) need to comply with the requirements in NIST Handbook 44 Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices. However, the NIST Handbook 44 does not (yet) cover WIM systems for direct enforcement. Although state and local jurisdictions use NIST Handbook 44 to certify legal metrological instruments, it does not exclude jurisdictions from using additional technical standards to certify certain instruments. New York City recently certified a WIM system to protect a critical section of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE) by designating it as a pilot project while efforts were made to amend NIST Handbook 44 to include WIM systems for direct enforcement. This publication discusses the main characteristics of WIM systems and how they can be used for direct enforcement. An overview of several alternative documentary standards that can be applied for certification of WIM systems is also provided, with further explanation regarding how the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) implemented the certification of the WIM system to begin issuing citations to overweight vehicles in an effort to protect the BQE.
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Minnich, Loren, Katrice Lippa, Tanvi Pandya, and James Willis. Certification approaches for weigh-in-motion systems in law enforcement applications. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.2200-5.

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Every day, overweight and excessively heavy vehicles cause damage to roads, bridges, and other vehicle-based infrastructure. To protect this vital transportation infrastructure for the U.S., states have imposed weight limits for commercial and fleet transport vehicles. A common way for enforcing these weight limits is to guide trucks off the road to weigh stations where the vehicles can be weighed using static truck scales. A disadvantage of these dedicated weigh stations is that they take up a substantial amount of space (which is not always available) and time to conduct weighments, as well as cause delays to traffic flow that may impede commerce based on truck transport. A solution to these problems is the use of automatic weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems that are installed in the road and weigh vehicles as they pass by while maintaining their speed.For jurisdictions to effectively use a WIM system for direct enforcement of weight limits, the system must be evaluated against a recognized standard to establish suitability for its intended application. The vast majority of weighing instruments used for legal metrology purposes (including law enforcement) need to comply with the requirements in NIST Handbook 44. However, the NIST Handbook 44 does not (yet) cover WIM systems for direct enforcement.Although state and local jurisdictions use NIST Handbook 44 to certify legal metrological instruments, it does not exclude them from using additional technical standards to certify certain instruments. New York City recently certified a WIM system to protect a critical section of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE) by designating it as a pilot project while efforts were made to amend NIST Handbook 44 to include WIM systems for direct enforcement.This publication discusses the main characteristics of WIM systems and how they can be used for direct enforcement. An overview of several alternative documentary standards that can be applied for certification of WIM systems is also provided, with further explanation regarding how New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) implemented the certification of the WIM system to begin issuing citations to overweight vehicles in an effort to protect the BQE.
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