Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Damaged Roads'
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Al-Rubaee, Rasha Hassan. "A conceptual model to effectively prioritise recovery of roads damaged by natural/man-made disasters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3699/.
Full textKaragania, Richard M. "Road roughness and infrastructure damage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36011/1/36011_Karagania_1997.pdf.
Full textGopallawa, Praveen. "Fatigue Failure Model for Local Roads in Ohio that Use Road User Maintenance Agreements Due to the Increase in Truck Traffic." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1566389151107255.
Full textZhang, Jizhe. "Moisture damage of aggregate-bitumen bonds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32725/.
Full textAlzubaidi, Hossein. "On rating of gravel roads." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure and Planning, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3252.
Full textCahoon, Lindsey Charlene. "Micro-CT Inspection of Impact Damage in Carbon/Epoxy Rods." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6350.
Full textHardy, Michael Stuart Anthony. "The response of flexible pavements to dynamic tyre forces." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385406.
Full textCole, David James. "Measurement and analysis of dynamic tyre forces generated by lorries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334095.
Full textGonzales, Elkin, and Kevin Lundberg. "Vägskador av tung trafik : Upplåtande av vägnätet för 74-tons lastbilar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189558.
Full textThe wood industry asks for an imposition of 74-ton trucks on the national road system. There are several advantages of increasing the maximum gross weight from 64 to 74 tons. On the other hand, high gross weights are directly connected to structural road damage. The purpose of this study is to serve as foundation for further research by the Swedish transport administration. The ulterior goal is to reach better control on the national road system. The basis of the study is a web-based system - PMSv3, which contain road information and transverse road profiles. The observations in PMSv3 have led to rut-types ascribed due to heavy gross weights. The conclusion is that rut-patterns indications exist. Based on the observations in PMSv3, the rut-types have been formulated as hypothesis for further research.
Tsampardoukas, Georgios. "Semi-active control algorithms to reduce road damage caused by heavy articulated vehicles." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443124.
Full textKitching, Kevin John. "Semi-active damping of heavy vehicles." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265419.
Full textAltmann, Craig Tyler. "Identification and Characterization of Damaging Road Events." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98844.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
In the automotive field determining the level of damage a typical production vehicle experiences over its lifetime has always been a desirable criterion to identify. This criterion is commonly referred to as customer usage. By understanding the typical customer usage of a vehicle over the lifetime of a vehicle, automotive engineers are able to improve the design of vehicle components. The issue with defining customer usage is that there are millions of miles of roads that a customer can travel on and millions of customers that all have unique driving characteristics. While it is possible to collect measurements of these road surfaces to use in further vehicle simulations, it is not feasible both from a financial and time perspective. In addition, the simulation and analysis of all road surfaces would be computationally intensive. However, if select damaging events (regions of the road surface that excessively contribute to accumulated damage) are identified, then they can be used in more complex vehicle durability analyses with lower computational efforts. In conventional damage analysis a total amount of accumulated damage is established for a known road surface. The issue with defining damage this way is that unique events which likely contributed a large amount of the accumulated damage cannot be identified. The first objective of this research is to define damage as a function of the vehicle's location along a road surface. Then, unique and separable damaging events can be identified and separated from sections of the road that do not significantly contribute to the accumulated damage. After defining this measure, an optimization problem is developed to identify damaging events based on maximizing the benefit (amount of damage accounted for in damaging events) and minimizing the cost (amount of road surface retained). Unique and separable damaging events are identified by solving this optimization problem. While the optimization problem identifies unique, separable damaging events, it is likely that some damaging events contain similar characteristics to each other. When performing additional durability analysis, it would be beneficial to form connections between similar damaging events to allow for analysis to be performed based on groups of events. To identify damaging events with similar characteristics, a statistical analysis is developed as the last contribution of this work. By combining this analysis with current state-of-the-art clustering algorithms and user provided definitions based on applications, similar damaging events are able to be grouped together.
Karim, Hawzheen. "Improved Road Design for Future Maintenance - Analysis of Road Barrier Repair Costs." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Division of Highway Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9260.
Full textWest, Patience J. "Land rehabilitation of construction damaged parcel at Santa Fe Road and Hoover Avenue in San Luis Obispo, California." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/erscsp/4/.
Full textProject advisor: Lynn E. Moody. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Feb. 2, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
Dodoo, Nii Amoo. "A new approach for allocating pavement damage between heavy goods vehicles for road-user charging." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430344.
Full textSuntharavadivel, Thuraichamy Guganesan. "Behaviour of shear damaged reinforced concrete beams strengthened with external post-tensioning and clamping." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2008. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006254/.
Full textChan, Ying Chuen (Maple). "Truck overloading study in developing countries and strategies to minimize its impact." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/28561/1/Ying_Chan_Thesis.pdf.
Full textChan, Ying Chuen (Maple). "Truck overloading study in developing countries and strategies to minimize its impact." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28561/.
Full textBallew, Wesley D. "Taylor Impact Test and Penetration of Reinforced Concrete Targets by Cylindrical Composite Rods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34098.
Full textFor the solid cylindrical copper rod impacting a smooth flat rigid target, the time history of the deformed length and the axial variation of the final diameter are found to match well with the experimental findings. For the composite rod, the diameter of the deformed impacted surface, the shape and size of the mushroomed region and the volume fraction of the failed ceramic material strongly depend upon the impact speed, the shell wall thickness and the thickness of the solid copper rod at the front end.
Some composite cylindrical rods impacting at normal incidence RC targets were found to buckle during the penetration process in the sense that their outer diameter at a cross-section close to the impacted end increased by at least 20%. For steel penetrators, the damage experienced increased as the nose shape got blunter and the angle of obliquity became larger whereas the damage induced to the target only increased with penetrator bluntness.
Master of Science
Crosby, Charles L. "Energy Dissipation Caused by Asphalt Roadway Gouges for Use in Accident Reconstruction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1983.
Full textBarzngy, Ahmad, and Majid Zangana. "Beläggningsskadors typ, omfattning och orsaker på statliga vägnätet." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215216.
Full textThe transport administration currently performs a research project where they conduct investigations and analysis of road damage on state road. The purpose of the project is to in the long-term improve the possibilities to measure the road network, try to find the readings that connect the cause for the accidents and why the chosen maintenance is conducted. The aim of this study is to, with the help of an extensive collection phase in PMSv3, that stores data by road surface measurement, to be able to analyse different type of road damages and ther characteristics. Input has then been compared to the transport administrations requirement on maintenance standard. The results of the data collection has then been analysed and conection between visual damage and data from PMSv3 has been observed. The usefulness of the connections that have been observed lead to better understandnings on what main factors that affect the roads breaking down and where they frequently occur. There are indications of connections from the results that have been demostrated in the analysis and the conclusion. With consideration to the observations in PMSv3 lies this study for further depth and research.
Berka, Jan. "Analýza poškození vozidel při střetech se silničními svodidly." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241251.
Full textBlomqvist, Göran. "De-icing salt and the roadside environment : Air-borne exposure, damage to Norway spruce and system monitoring." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3140.
Full textAfter decades of investigation, we still have to deal withthe problem of environmental effects of the use of de-icingsalt on roads. Lacking useful indicators of the system, westill do not know the environmental utility of ameliorativemeasures taken. The thesis aims at
i) describing the system of de-icing practices and theirenvironmental effects with special reference to the exposure ofthe roadside environment to air-borne salt and damage to Norwayspruce seedlings and ii) at proposing indicators for afollow-up system. By collecting bulk deposition and relatingthe deposition pattern to factors concerning wind androad-maintenance characteristics, the influence of thesefactors on air-borne exposure is investigated. By exposingNorway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) seedlings to roadsideconditions the influence ofsalt exposure on the degree ofdamage is investigated. Based on a comparison of severalsystems of monitoring, improvements are suggested by proposingnew indicators for salt use and its environmental effects.
A large part of the salt that is applied on the road surfacewill be transported by air and deposited on the ground in theroadside. While the vast majority of the salt will be depositedwithin some tens of metres of the road, some may still be windtransported several hundred metres away. The wind directionplays an important role for the deposition already at adistance of some ten metres from the road. Wind speedinfluences the distance to which the salt is transported.Chloride concentration in unwashed needles collected after thesalting season is positively related to the bulk deposition ofCl during the exposure. The degree of damage can be describedby a sigmoid curve of response to the Cl concentration inneedles. Improvements to the follow-up system are suggested byproposing indicators of the driving forces, pressures, states,impacts and possible responses as regards the undesired impactson water resources, vegetation and the roadside scenery as asocietal asset.
Keywords:road, de-icing salt, air-borne, environmentalimpact, vegetation damage, Norway spruce, seedling, follow-up,monitoring, indicator
Oxborrow, Ian Michael. "Axial Compression Behavior of Unidirectional Carbon/Epoxy Tubes and Rods Before and After Impact." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5549.
Full textDe, Villiers Jonathan Izak. "Reducing the potential for accidents and the associated environmental impacts arising from road tankers transporting petro-chemical substances / J.I. de Villiers." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/293.
Full textThesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
VECCHIETTI, MARIA VITTORIA. "Static and dynamic response of RC beams strengthened with NSM C/GFRP rods." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/295509.
Full textThe Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) strengthening technique has proven, in recent years, as a valid alternative to the conventional strengthening methods, like the externally bonded (EB) technique. In the last two decades its potential and its advantages, as well as its applications, has been studied, trying to optimize the construction system and the parameters that influence it. However, it is interesting to deepen the topic both in static, highlighting the non-conservation of the flat section, due to the bond-slip effect between FRP rod and resin, which, for simplification has never been taken into consideration by analytical models proposed in literature, both in dynamic key, which allows, by studying the trend of proper frequencies of vibration, to understand the effectiveness of the reinforcement and how different types of damage affect it. Therefore, in this research work, static and dynamic tests were performed on RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP and GFRP rods, which still need to be investigated. The aim of the research is to analyze the effects of different types of strengthening. Bending tests with cycles of loading until failure are carried out, these tests allowed to define the behavior of beam specimens, even in presence of damage, and to generate different damage degrees, due to cracking of concrete. At each step of load, dynamic analysis, by free vibration test, allows monitoring the effectiveness of the reinforcement at different damage degrees. Failure modes of beam models are also analyzed. A comparison between the responses of the unreinforced and reinforced models is presented; the behavior of beam specimens was also analyzed by theoretical models. In the end, a finite element analysis of beam models has been developed, in order to validate the results obtained by the experimental research.
Siripun, Komsun. "Characterisations of base course materials in Western Australia pavements." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/960.
Full textCintra, Roberta Hehl de Sylos. "Análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos danos ambientais do Município de São Carlos (SP) com base em instrumentos jurídicos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1982.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
The public instauration and registration of environmental damages in the local landscape became a fundamental tool to collect information with easiness and reliability. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the environmental damages was accomplished in the municipal district of São Carlos, SP, based on the organization and analysis of a database contemplating the juridical instruments established to the State public prosecution service, in the perspective of a diagnosis and of the environmental quality of the local landscape in terms of the relationship among the environmental damages and the current development trajectories. It was organized in a database 326 Administrative Procedures and 22 Public Civil Actions, totaling 348 prosecution registrations of environmental damages, in the period regarding 1991-2000. The environmental damages were classified in nine types, being deforestation the one of larger occurrence in every year and along the study period. Of the total number of deforestation 82,9% is related with areas smaller than five hectares, with prevalence of the performance of natural persons in relation to legal entities. It corresponds to 9,8% of the deforested total area, being equal to 110,35 hectares. The remaining 17,1% are associated with areas larger than five hectares embracing 90,2% of the deforested total area, being equal to 1013,27 hectares. The 217 registrations of environmental damages in the period from 1991 to 2000 determined a total loss of 1121,62 hectares of the vegetation component of the local landscape. In a rude estimate this total corresponds to the medium losses of 5,91 ±4,14 ha/occurrence and of 112,36 ± 91,73 ha/year of deforested area. The occurrence of environmental damages in Permanent Protection Areas, in number and in extension of deforested area, it is basically associated to the net road and to the riparian vegetation of the local watersheds. This process evidences the compromising of the environmental quality of the water resource, and landscape areas of hills and hillsides, in terms of the habitat loss and of the associated biodiversity. These results doesn t correspond to the real scenery of the local landscape conditions, once the environmental damages were not registered in your totality. It is fundamental the interaction among the information registered by the fiscal organs and those responsible ones by the elaboration and application of the guidelines for local development.
A instauração e o registro público dos danos ambientais na paisagem local tornou-se uma ferramenta fundamental quanto à facilidade de acesso e confiabilidade das informações coletadas. Neste contexto, foi realizada a análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos danos ambientais ocorridos na Comarca de São Carlos, SP, com base na organização e análise de um banco de dados contemplando os instrumentos jurídicos instaurados para autuação junto ao Ministério Público Estadual, na perspectiva de um diagnóstico e compreensão das modificações na qualidade ambiental em termos da relação entre os problemas ambientais e as ações desenvolvimentistas no âmbito da paisagem local. Foram organizados em um banco de dados e analisados 326 Procedimentos Administrativos e 22 Ações Civis Públicas, totalizando 348 registros de autuações de danos ambientais no período referente a 1991-2000. Os danos ambientais foram agrupados em nove classes, sendo desmatamento o de maior ocorrência em cada ano e ao longo do período de estudo. Do número total de ocorrências de desmatamento 82,9% está relacionada com áreas menores que cinco hectares, com predomínio da atuação de Pessoas Físicas em relação a Pessoas Jurídicas. Corresponde a 9,8% da área total desmatada no período de estudo, equivalendo a 110,35 ha. Os 17,1% restantes estão associados com áreas superiores a cinco hectares abrangendo 90,2% da área total desmatada, equivalendo a 1013,27 ha. Os 215 registros de danos ambientais no período de 1991 a 2000 determinaram uma perda total de 1121,62 ha da vegetação da paisagem em questão. Em uma estimativa grosseira este total corresponde às perdas médias de 5,91± 4,14 ha/ocorrência e de 112,36 ± 91,73 ha/ano de área desmatada. A ocorrência de danos ambientais em áreas de APP, tanto em número quanto em extensão de área desmatada, está basicamente associada ao entorno da malha viária e da vegetação ripária das bacias hidrográficas locais. Evidencia o comprometimento da qualidade ambiental dos recursos hídricos, das áreas de morros e encostas e da paisagem, em termos da perda de habitat e da biodiversidade associada.Estes resultados não refletem o cenário real das condições da paisagem local, uma vez que os danos ambientais não foram registrados em sua totalidade. É fundamental a interação efetiva entre as informações registradas pelos órgãos de fiscalização e aqueles responsáveis pela elaboração e aplicação das diretrizes para o desenvolvimento municipal.
Špaček, Petr. "Stanovení výše škody v případě výskytu vad a poruch krytových vrstev netuhých vozovek pozemních komunikací." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255816.
Full textBrzovic, Andres. "Characterisation of primary copper ore for block caving at the El Teniente mine, Chile." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1807.
Full textNovák, Jan. "Analýza návrhových prvků okružních křižovatek v závislosti na nehodovost." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390280.
Full textParak, Mohamed. "Flood estimation for roads, bridges and dams." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1460.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007
Hsu, Jhao-Bo, and 許兆博. "A Study of Landslide Damage Risk Evaluation Model for Mountain Roads." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5tr95s.
Full text國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
94
Landslides, large or small, along the mountain roads of Taiwan often occurred during or after strong earthquake or typhoon induced heavy rainfall. Landslides not only cause interruption of road traffic but also cause damage to passing by vehicles and injure people. Due to the resource limitation of government, the overall assessments and maintenance of all road slops can not be fulfilled. Priority of road for maintenance is a crucial task for road maintenance department to identify. The purposes of this research are to develop an assessment method for the landslide risk and to make strategies to maintain or repair the slopes along mountain roads. To aim Both needs to take into account the environmental conditions of the slopes, the engineering measures for stabilizing road slopes, the transportation issues, and the human concerns when dealing with the slopes maintenance along the mountain roads. This study firstly establishes the estimation model to caculate the risk of slope failure, considering the probability of Landslides, temporal probability, spatial impact probability, the value of human life, transportation time increased, and travel cost due to detour etc., and then the loss of life and transportation can be caculated. Secondly, based on the value of risk, the risk evaluation, considering the risk acceptance criteria for loss of life, that could provides assistance for road maintenance department to determine the priority of mountain roads for maintenance.
LIU, HUNG-KUAN, and 劉鴻寬. "The Study of Rehabilitation Design And Its Control Effect for the Damage of Mountain Roads in Remote Regions the Case of Li-Shing Mountain Road." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92008427952089338782.
Full text逢甲大學
土木工程所
96
Parts of Central Cross-Island Highway were damaged and closed by Earthquake 921. Therefore, Li-Shing path was become main traffic way of Li-Shan district residents, along tribes and farm products. AERE typhoon was stormed on August 1994 and continuity cloudburst on 1995, they caused multiple landsliding and roadbed flowed away. Due to Li-Shing path geology was weakness and shatter, numbers of damaged locations were increased from 70 to 108. Frequent hillside disaster caused traffic obstruction. This research purpose is based on short-middle-term restoration and rebuilding. Improvement of existing conditions repaired damaged locations of Li-Shing path in order to increase safety and maintain basic traffic demands. Effectively realize with geology, hydrology, environment and existing conditions of Li-Shing path. Analyze design principles of short-middle-term restoration and discuss occurrence reasons of numerous damages to be the theorizing base of restoration. Depending on restoration method’s functions and suitabilities evaluate restoration’s results and compare whole effects after previous typhoons, cloudbursts, landsliding attacked. Analyzing and evaluating the restoration methods after particularizing the damage reasons. In accordance with experience of short-middle-term restoration provides long-term restoration methods, suggestions and budget estimation. And expect long-term emergent hillside restorations will be combined short-middle-term restoration methods to achieve performance by exercising effective.
Lin, Chun-Yen, and 林俊延. "The Road-dike Effect on The Inundation Damage." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39448488778415817990.
Full text國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
89
Looking back to the history of damages or casualties caused by disasters in recent years, floods are the most often to be seen. To view the whole situation, the reasons of how deluges occur are nothing more than improperly artificial developments. One of the improper developments is the road expansion. It could be said that the more street network increases, the more river flows are changed. To prevent the flowage of the varied rivers, the authorities or the publicity normally choose to build dikes to control the flood. However, this method makes the water currents limit within the confines between street network and dikes. Therefore, the flow cannot circulate properly. The seriousness of this problem is shown in many cases of the inundated calamities in recent years. The main purpose of this research is to study on the Inundation Effect, what is called Road-dike Effect, which was caused by the situation mentioned above. The districts of this study, Xin-shi, Yong-Kang in Tainan County and Gang-shan, Jia-xing in Kaohsiung County, had floods all the time in the past decades. To begin this program, the first step is to collect the information of the road and water system and the history of disasters in the two research regions. Then, utilizing the numerical simulation to reappear the historical incidents and discussing the possibilities of road-dike effect that may happen in all the situations and the mutuality between Drainage System and Road-dike Effect. Finally, there is a deeply hope that from the investigations and analyses in this research, people could have a further understanding of the Road-dike Effect and it is able to be for reference to plan and design the road systems and drainage engineering projects in the near future.
Wu, Ming Huei, and 吳明惠. "Research on the Damage Potential of Secondary Roads from Gully Development in Mountainous Region." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38928747044448020550.
Full text國立宜蘭大學
土木工程學系碩士班
96
Abstract For the steep mountainous region in Taiwan, the annual precipitation is relatively high due to the humid and warm climate as well as the heavy rainfalls brought in by typhoon. Secondary roads in this steep-sloped area showed characteristics of meandering routes with profound gully development along the roadside slopes. Damages along roadway and its uphill and downhill slopes, such as pavement subsidence, subgrade losses, slope scouring and instabilities, are believed to attributed to the nearby gully development. In this research, scenery routes in the Tai-pin-shan National Forest Recreation Area were studied to clarify the damage potential of roadways from local gully developments. The Tai-pin-shan National Forest Recreation Area is located at the northern part of the central mountain ridge of Taiwan with slope averaging about 30~40 degree. Rainy season of the region starts from October till February the following year. Along with typhoons coming up during summer, the annual rainfall is considerably high in the area. Combining the effects of abundant precipitation and steep slope, the traffic in the region was seriously affected by the instability of roadway foundations which were induced by the developing gullies nearby. In order to set up the priority for roadway maintenance plan, the gully development on the uphill and downhill slopes along the scenery routes in the region were studied and a inference scheme based on neural network analysis was proposed. A series of analyses were involved in developing the inference scheme. Firstly, the gully locations were positioned through terrain analysis over digital terrain model (DTM) of the region. Secondly, hydrological analyses were preformed using the HEC-HMS software and the peak flows for 25-year recurrence period of each gully were calculated. In the mean time, gully profiles were extracted and the positions where headward erosion may occur were determined manually. Other factors such as the gully length, basin area, basin average slope, and the roadway mileage within each gully catchment were also determined using the ArcGIS software. Thirdly, statistical tests were conducted over the collected factors to determine the correlation among them. Following the statistical test, factors with better independency were selected as the input factors in the neural network inference scheme. Finally, four factors including the basin average slope, gully length, distance from headward erosion point to roadway, and the roadway mileage within each gully catchment were selected for neural network training. In addition, according to the from site survey along the route, the degree of roadway damage were determined and used as the output factor in the neural network training. The resulting fuzzy backpropagation neural network inference scheme was then tested using another set of roadway data and 78% accuracy was obtained from the test. Therefore, it is fairly justified to conclude that the four gully development related factors are indeed directly influencing the damage potential along roadway route. The inference scheme should be confidently used in evaluating the damage potential for roadways within similar geology and hydrological region. Result from the analysis can also be displayed using GIS program as the reference data for the planning, rerouting, and maintenance plan of the roadways.
Hsiao, Ching-Chen, and 蕭清鎮. "A Study on the Compensation for the Damage of Installing Pipelines under the Existing Roads." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97283269430046610170.
Full text長榮大學
土地管理與開發研究所
94
The public facilities such as tap water, electricity, telephone, gas and petroleum must install underground pipelines in public and private land. In the past, the public benefits transcend the private benefits, which acquisition without consideration. Those merely give compensations while cause damages. The relevant regulation also only stipulate , “if damages should compensate according to the extent of damage” .Public enterprises should make compensation regulations for installing underground pipelines. They should set up the rules of payment, methods, and how to do. There are no any formal regulations in our legislations Therefore, this legislation should be legislated immediately. According to the result of questionnaire of research analysis, it discovers the general public, the private land of ownerships, public employees, specialists, and scholars and so on. Most of them agree to set up “The right of opposite underground” regarding methods and the amount of money to compensate ownerships. They consider Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, bullet trains, and sewers which are all present the form of lines and utilize merely parts of spaces. Moreover they think the sum of compensation should be more preference and acceptability to those ownerships. Meanwhile, the sum of compensation should equal or over the current price which would improve the living quality, to increase the income of ownerships. That would be good for these land ownerships. According to the result of statistic analysis, it compares the methods of compensation and the sum of money of compensation. There is without any difference in the sum of money of compensation for “Lands utilize expense”. That is also meaning the general public, the private land of ownerships, public employees, specialists, and scholars and so on who have the similar opinions for “Lands utilize expense”. Otherwise, there are obviously differences in compensation of “Levy”, “Accord price”, “Rent”, “Public land exchange” , “government securities compensation”, and “ The right of opposite underground”. To sum up, most of interview objects all hope public enterprises can set up the regulation of compensation for methods and sum of money to protect the right of ownerships. Finally, this research puts forward the suggestions on the result of study, for our public enterprise and government to set up some formal legislations.
HUNG, I.-WEI, and 洪藝瑋. "Investigation of Large-scale Collapse Roads, Damages to Buildings and Discussion of Causes in Luchang Area." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ctze5g.
Full text國立聯合大學
土木與防災工程學系碩士班
106
This study investigated the landslide area with suspected large-scale deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in Luchang. Miao 21 County Road and the connection road to Luhu are vulnerable to disasters such as typhoons, extremely heavy rain, and earthquakes, thereby posing considerable risks to residents’ safety. In this study, monitoring results of the Luchang area since 2007 were combined with continual on-site investigations of retaining walls on both sides of Miao 21 County Road, cracks on guardrails, and damages on buildings in Luchang. Seven measurements were performed on 20 sites using the global positioning system (GPS). The measurement results were used to analyze the overall displacement of the Luchang area. Geological parameters determined from cores obtained from core drilling were input in FLAC3D slope stability analysis software to analyze the displacement of the Luchang area. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were employed to map the morphology of the area to facilitate the comparison of the GPS measurements, on-site investigations, and FLAC3D analysis results. The four approaches were used for cross comparison and verification to identify causes of disasters in the area. The on-site investigation results of the retaining walls, cracks on guardrails, and building damages were compared with historical monitoring data since 2007. The results revealed that at 12K+300 from Fengmei Bridge to Miao 21 County Road, a crack of larger than 50 cm was observed, whereas no observable crack was found in the Luchang Tribe. The GPS measurement results revealed that most sites moved northeasterly, with the highest displacement reaching 16 cm over 2 years . The FLAC3D analysis results revealed that displacement of 10 cm or longer was expected to be found in the research area. Cross comparison of on-site damage investigations, GPS, and FLAC3D results demonstrated consistent displacement tendencies. Comparisons of the UAV-constructed morphology with the investigated site with the on-site damage investigation, GPS measurements, and FLAC3D results further revealed that the landslide phenomenon was more observable in sites with larger displacement levels. A summary of the aforementioned results indicated that the stratum on which the Luchang Tribe is located is stable. However, the severe retaining wall damages, guardrail cracks, and road pavement settlement were possibly caused by the cutting of the toe of slope underneath the road by the river. In addition, the fact that the research area features steep slopes and is located on an old colluvium might have contributed to the aforementioned damages through slipping and creeping.
Lin, Qi-Jun, and 林啟鈞. "Investigation on pavement damage - a case study of Zhong-Shan Road." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/853b88.
Full text義守大學
土木與生態工程學系
104
Zhong-Shan road is a main road connecting city and harbor with heavy traffic volume and heavy vehicles including container trucks. With such a heavy traffic volume and heavy vehicles driven on it, uneven pavement surface, potholes, and deformation of pavement are seen on this road. The correlations between pavement damage types and surface layer as well as the base or subbase layer are investigated. Information including traffic volume and damage locations and tests such as flatness, GPR, FWD, DCP and cored samples are applied to study the causes of the pavement damage. Then, the improvement strategies are proposed. The GPR is applied to detect on the material changes of pavement surface and the base or subbase layer and assess the thickness of each layer. Then, these thicknesses of each layer are applied to the FWD for the in-site measurement of thickness of each layer and the back-calculation of resilient modulus. To be more accurate to detect the pavement status, the DCP is used to evaluate the strength, layer number, and thickness of the subgrade soil and the base or subbase layer. Then, the DCPI values are obtained and analyzed. From the results obtained from DCPI values and limits, the bearing capacity of the asphalt layer and the base or subbase layer are evaluated for the pavement status of the Zhong-Shan road. The standard deviation of roughness of the Zhong-Shan road is 6.5mm in which is much higher than the requirements set by the standard. Result obtained from the FWD for part of pavement is higher than 25mils. Moreover, the penetration depth obtained from DCP is 100mm/blow. It implies that the structure of the base or subbase layer may cause the pavement damage. Furthermore, the cored samples are broken quickly during the test. It indicates that no strength is left in part of the pavement surface layer. The study shows that positive correlation between pavement damage and the soft layer of the base or subbase is observed. Because the soft layer of the base or subbase resulting in an insufficient bearing capacity of the pavement, as a result, the asphalt layer is deformed after rolling by vehicles. Therefore, before the asphalt layer is rehabilitated, the strength of the base or subbase layer needs to be considered and evaluated to avoid the insufficient bearing capacity of the pavement leading to constant pavement damage.
Shateri, Mohammadhadi. "Acoustic emission monitoring of damage progression in fiber reinforced polymer rods." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32148.
Full textMay 2017
Hsu, Ya-Ting, and 許雅婷. "The study on relations between typhoon rainfall and road damages in Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12103843365641791288.
Full text清雲科技大學
空間資訊與防災研究所
98
Natural hazards, such as earthquake, typhoon, torrential rain, flood and drought, frequently cause a great deal of casualties and property damages in Taiwan. The governmental agencies have established many disaster-related data banks open to the public in order to educate people to understand the causes of disasters and how to response to the disasters occurred in the surroundings. These data banks would be more valuable only if they were fully and wisely used by the public. The highway disaster prevention and rescue information system by the Ministry of Communications Transportation Research Institute and the Typhoon data bank by the Central Weather Bureau are good examples to demonstrate how these data could be analyzed to produce some useful information through data mining. This research correlated data of road damages during certain typhoons with typhoon rainfalls and tried to define a threshold rainfall causing the road damage. The data of road damages were registered in the ArcGIS overlaid by the typhoon rainfalls to evaluate their inter-relationship. Data from three typhoons were used. They are the KALMAEGI typhoon, the JANGMI typhoon, 2008,and the MORAKOT typhoon, 2009. The typhoon rainfall distribution were interpolated and gridded by the Kriging method. The result shows that although some minor road damages occur in the accumulated rainfall of 100mm, the major road damages occur in the accumulated rainfall of 300mm. The MORAKOT typhoon has set the record on the road damages. The main types of road damage were caused by the debris flows, the side-slope failures, and the subgrade washed-off. Nevertheless, road damages caused by the typhoon rainfall are measured in moderate degree.
Li, Pei-Chan, and 李珮甄. "The study of Urban Seismic Building Damage Evaluation and Road Block Analysis." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16801778228181195586.
Full text逢甲大學
土地管理所
93
On September 21th, 1999, a violent earthquake stroke Chi-Chi located in Nan-tou County. It caused unprecedented damage to the buildings and nearly twenty thousands houses totally or partially collapsed. In consideration of the extensive destruction this time, the anti-seismic ability of the house has becomes the most critical issue among the recent earthquake engineering. The study is basically divided into three parts; Firstly, it builds the Earthquake Damage Data Base for major buildings from Chi-Chi Earthquake record data. Second, we used this database and fragility curve of building to evaluate the building seismic damage evaluation model. A couple of major topics will be discussed for all kinds of building, they are Strong Motion Attenuation and distance with a fault. When the construction of these relations building up behind, we can evaluated the major building collapsed status and road block problem. The resultant model can be immediately applied to assessing buildings in the test area, as well as to verify the current near fault building’s national design criteria or using the simulation data to anti-seismic disaster.
Liu, Shi-Kun, and 劉錫崑. "Effects of Road Race for Elite Cyclists on Antioxidant Capacity and Muscle Damage." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86844577171704332564.
Full text國立彰化師範大學
應用運動科學研究所
94
Purpose: To investigate the effects of road race for elite cyclists on antioxidant capacity and muscle damage. Methods: Ten elite cyclists (age =21.4 ± 1.9 years、height =164.4 ± 2.1 cm、body mass =57.6 ± 2.9 kg、body mass index (BMI) =21.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2 ) were recruited during the 2005 National Cycling Road Race Championship. They spent 175.7 ± 4.5 min (7-Km time trial:11.8 ± 0.3 min and 100-Km road race:163.4 ± 4.3 min) to finish the race. The blood samples were collected 2 hours before the race (pre), immediately after the race(0 h), 3, 7, 24, 72, and 120 hours after the race to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (TGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), uric acid (UA), and nitric oxide (NO). Results: The plasma CK increased 93.66% and 91.08% significantly at 3 and 7 hours after race and the plasma LDH was significantly increased 82.72% and 66.29% at 7 and 24 hours after race as compared to pre. Meanwhile, the TGSH of erythrocyte was significantly elevated 202.92%, 185.71%, and 185.50% at 7, 24, and 72 hours post race. The GSSG of erythrocyte was significantly elevated 125.57%, 160.66%, 195.36%, and 115.07% at 3, 7, 72, and 120 hours post race. No significant changes were found the SOD of erythrocyte and the plasma UA, NO, and MDA. Plasma PC was a marker of protein oxidative damage, decreased 56.10%, 48.44%, and 46.01% significantly at 7, 24, and 72 hours post race. Conclusion: A road race may induce endogenous antioxidant production and muscle damage. High intensity exercise induces oxidative stress, but there is no evidence that this affects sports performance in the short term. In this study, we hope that this information may contribute to understand oxidative stress and muscle damages caused by strenuous exercise. The coaches can be inspired to set up the proper training model to promote sports performance. Moreover, this information may also contribute to set up antioxidants supplement or nutrition plans.
Mukandila, Estime Mambula Wa Kanyinda. "Investigation of rheological response cohesion and adhesion fatigue damage of bituminous road seal materials." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57496.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
tm2016
Civil Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
Lee, Lin-Chyuan, and 李林泉. "The Processing and Damage Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Woven Composites Reinforced by Pumtrudee Rods." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08654779611808040244.
Full text逢甲大學
紡織工程研究所
85
This work is aimed at the improvement of the 3-D woven fabrics by using thepultruded rods. Experimental characterization of the materials has been condu-cted based upon various static and dynamic loadings. From the damage modes, the material properties were correlated with the processing and microstructures of the materials. The results indicate that using the solid rods can effectively improve the fabric geometric configuration of the 3-D composites. The problem of fibercrimp was essentially eliminated due to the solid nature of the rods. Because of the beat-up and the contact with the rods, the soft yarns were found to swell between rods. However, the global direction of the weaving yarns remains straight, despite the yarn swelling. The material tests show that the three-axis Kevlar fabrics of the single-shuttle type have higher flexure modulus, while the two-rods fabric composites are lower. In the short beam tests, the three-axis and 5-axis fabrics are found to result in rod push-out and pull-in. ! ! The impct tests indicate that on the impact side, matrix cracks with concenric ellipses were formed. On the non-impact side, mari x cracks along radius t directions were found. These crack patterns may suggest the dominat-cstrsess state caused by the impact. Increase the fabric thickness by using larger tows for the weaving arns tends to result in lower energy absorption rate. The dominant damage modes in the impact specimens include matrix cracks, rod pull-in and push-out, rod debonding, rod kink, aniber breakage.
Chen, Horn-I., and 陳鴻毅. "The Elastic and Damage Behavior of the Three-Dimensional Braided Composites Using Pultruded Rods as Reinforcements." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39641533676013892882.
Full textAlmeida, Arminda Maria Marques. "A methodological framework for pavement damage estimation considering simulated axle load spectra." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/26240.
Full textDespite being crucial to the economic and social development of any country or region, road freight transport is one of the players responsible for environmental impact of transport increasing in the last decades. In order to minimise these impacts, heavy vehicles have been evolving. Consequently, road pavement design must keep up with it since a road pavement is designed for a foreseeable heavy traffic flow that will pass on the pavement during its considered life time. The current pavement design procedures convert the heavy traffic flow into a number of Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) applications. In particular, the Portuguese procedure uses Aggressiveness Factors (AFs) to make that conversion. However, the Portuguese AFs have remained unchanged since at least 1995 and subsequently they are not up-to-date with the evolutions in heavy vehicles. This thesis addresses the development of a methodological framework for AFs (and pavement damage) estimation. For that, axle load spectra are simulated by using a commercial software TruckSIM®. The methodological framework is applied to two case studies, a ‘baseline’ case study and an ‘empty running’ case study. For that, two pavement structures and two trucks are considered. The trucks carry different payload weights and run with different travel speeds over road profiles with different levels of roughness. In the third of a three level-hierarchical approach assumed, an application was created which allows the consideration of the degradation of the Asphalt Concrete (AC) modulus and the roughness growth along the pavement design period. It is used to quantify (a) the effect of the initial International Roughness Index (IRI) value of the road profile on the pavement damage, (b) the effect of the AC modulus degradation on the pavement damage and (c) the effect of the roughness growth on the pavement damage. The results show that the AFs are strongly affected by the truck configuration, the pavement structure, the roughness level of the road profile and the design criterion. For example, the fatigue’s AF for a specific truck running fully loaded at 60 km/h over a road profile with IRI equal to 1 m/km is 53% higher in the thinner structure. The initial IRI value and the amount of AC modulus degradation have a great effect on the pavement damage. The AC modulus degradation can increase the pavement damage, at the end of the considered life cycle, within the range of 136% to 391%. In its turn, the roughness growth can increase the pavement damage within the range of 5% to 18%. The ‘empty running’ case study is intended to show how the methodological framework can be applied to quantify the impact of some transport policies on the pavement damage. When the empty running percentage reduces from 25% to 0%, the pavement damage, at the end of the considered life cycle, increases by more than 26% whichever case is analysed. These results are closely related to the flexible pavement structures, the trucks and the models considered in the analysis. However, the methodological framework developed has the advantage of being easily applied and extendable to other situations.
Apesar de ser fundamental para o desenvolvimento social e económico de qualquer região ou país, o transporte rodoviário de mercadorias é um dos responsáveis pelo crescimento do impacto ambiental dos transportes nas últimas décadas. No sentido de minimizar estes impactos, os veículos pesados têm vindo a sofrer alterações. É assim necessário que o dimensionamento de pavimentos rodoviários acompanhe essas alterações, uma vez que um pavimento é dimensionado para suportar um determinado fluxo de veículos pesados que irá solicitar o pavimento ao longo do seu tempo de vida. Os procedimentos de dimensionamento de pavimentos correntemente usados convertem o fluxo de veículos pesados num número equivalente de aplicações de eixos-padrão. Por exemplo, o procedimento usado em Portugal utiliza fatores de agressividade para efetuar essa conversão. No entanto, estes fatores de agressividade permanecem inalterados desde pelo menos 1995, pelo que não têm acompanhado a evolução dos veículos pesados. Esta tese apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para estimar fatores de agressividade (e o dano em pavimentos). Neste sentido foram simulados espetros de carga por eixo usando o programa comercial TruckSIM®. A metodologia é aplicada a dois casos de estudo, um caso de estudo de ‘referência’ e um caso de estudo de ‘viagens sem carga’. Para tal, foram consideradas duas estruturas de pavimento e duas configurações de veículos pesados de mercadorias. Os veículos pesados podem transportar cargas com pesos diferentes e circular com velocidades de circulação diferentes sobre pavimentos com diferentes níveis de irregularidade. No terceiro dos 3 níveis da abordagem hierárquica usada, foi criada uma aplicação que permite considerar a degradação do módulo das misturas betuminosas e o aumento da irregularidade do pavimento ao longo do período de dimensionamento. Esta aplicação é usada para quantificar (a) o efeito que a irregularidade inicial do pavimento tem no dano do pavimento, (b) o efeito que a degradação do módulo das misturas betuminosas, ao longo do período de dimensionamento, tem no dano do pavimento e (c) o efeito que o aumento da irregularidade do pavimento, ao longo do período de dimensionamento, tem no dano do pavimento. Os resultados mostram que os fatores de agressividade são fortemente afetados pelo tipo de veículo, pela estrutura do pavimento, pelo nível de irregularidade do pavimento e pelos critérios de dimensionamento considerados. Por exemplo, o fator de agressividade para o critério de fadiga e para um determinado tipo de veículo, que circula completamente cheio a 60 km/h sobre um pavimento com um Índice de Irregularidade Internacional (IRI) igual a 1 m/km, é 53% superior na estrutura delgada. O valor de IRI inicial e o modelo degradação do módulo das misturas betuminosas têm um grande efeito no dano do pavimento. A degradação do módulo pode aumentar os danos, no fim do ciclo de vida considerado, numa percentagem que pode variar entre 136% e 391%. Por sua vez, a evolução da irregularidade pode aumentar o dano do pavimento entre 5% e 18%. O caso de estudo ‘viagens sem carga’ pretende demonstrar a aplicabilidade da metodologia na quantificação do impacto que algumas políticas de transporte podem ter no dano dos pavimentos. Quando a percentagem de viagens sem carga reduz de 25% para 0%, o dano dos pavimentos, no fim do ciclo de vida considerado, aumenta em mais de 26%, seja qual for o caso analisado. Os resultados apresentados estão intrinsecamente relacionados com as estruturas de pavimento, as configurações dos veículos pesados e os modelos considerados na análise. Contudo, a metodologia desenvolvida tem a vantagem de poder ser facilmente utilizada e de poder ser facilmente estendida a outras situações.
EMSURE - (CENTRO-07-0224-FEDER-002004)
Cheng, Hsu Chih, and 許志誠. "The research on equilibrium between willingness to accept and to pay for damage compensation of road accident." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53j7c4.
Full text中央警察大學
交通管理研究所
88
Abstract The paper is a study on how to establish an objective and reasonable valuation basis of the compensation for damages in a traffic accident. The content of this study includes the overall review of the compensation for damages defined in the civil law, the derivation of the loss of any kinds of possible costs followed by a traffic accident that corresponds with the concepts of cost analysis of an accident to build up the necessary covering range of the compensation for damages, and the actual investigation in both property loss and non-property loss of those victims of a traffic accident and their corresponding analysis to determine the required valuation basis of the compensation for damages. Meanwhile, as a whole, five analysis methods are utilized in this study to simplify the procedure of determining the required valuation basis of the compensation for damages, such as the Questionnaire Survey Method used for estimating the aggressive property loss, the Method of Human Capital Approach, the Compensation for Damages Calculation Method and the Method of Expected Earning Value Approach used for calculating the negative property loss, and the Contingent Valuation Method used for estimating non-property loss by dealing with a simulated market for the mental loss of a person who is directly concerned with the damage to find the real value of the compensation for damages, besides, the real value mentioned above must be required to be a suitable amount of money and also be acceptable for both plaintiff who demands it and defendant who should be in charge of. Finally, there are two main results of the actual investigation of this study. The first one is based on the amount of the compensation for damages, it shows that the average loss of a victim of a traffic accident resulted in injury is about NT$ 2,717,000 ~ 5,328,000, and the average loss of a victim of a traffic accident resulted in death is about NT$ 3,762,000; the second one is based on the total cost of a traffic accident, it shows that the average loss of a victim of a traffic accident resulted in injury is about NT$ 5,454,000 ~ 8,065,000, and the average loss of a victim of a traffic accident resulted in death is about NT$ 10,601,000. These two results will be considered a reasonable reference not only for the victims but also for the examining committee of a traffic accident.
LI, Han-Hsin, and 李漢鑫. "The Responsibility and Risk of Bike-Sharing Industries -A Case Study of the Situation in which Shared Bikes Parked on Public Roads Cause Damage to Pedestrians." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fqkpbg.
Full text國立臺灣科技大學
財務金融研究所
106
Under the tendency of sharing economy and the Internet of Things, bike-sharing is like a hundred flowers in bloom all over the place. The trace of shared bikes is everywhere at Taiwan metropolitan areas. Besides satisfying the citizens with short-distanced movement, bike-sharing also provides the function of traveling and exercising at the metropolitan area, letting people roam around the city in a free and easy way, which makes more people go after becoming the knight on a bicycle like a flock of ducks. The business model of bike sharing is distinguished into whether the government is be part of it or not. One type of bike- sharing is with governmental participation, also known as public bicycle, which usually has stationed/fixed rental places, whom we can see in Taipei, New Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung and Changhua. In addition to YouBike(Taipei), which has more than one thousand fixed rental place, there are other different kinds of bike-sharing such as iBike(Taichung), TBike (Tainan), cBike(Kaohsiung, PBike (Pingtung), and so on; The other type of bike- sharing is without governmental participation. Owing to smart technologies, enterprisescreate the anywhere-and-anytime mode of renting and returning throw the cell phones commercial platform and the Internet of Things. The bike-sharing which provides the mode of renting at anywhere and anytime without fixed rental places, is called dockless bike- sharing. Contributed to the dockless type, the convenience and consumers’ use-stickiness of bike-sharing promotes, which makes it to be seen everywhere at metropolitan areas. However, the roads in Taiwan are usually narrow, and most of them aren’t be marked a bike lane off. As a result, bicycles compete against not only pedestrians but also motorcycles and cars, making bicyclists conflict with other users. Therefore, besides delighting in the increasing usage rate of bike-sharing, the government and bicycle industry should teach bicyclists the correct etiquette , put great efforts into publicizing the trafficregulations, and perfect the policy formulation, in order to reduce the car-accident rate, which let it possible for shared bicycles to coexist in peace with pedestrians and car drivers. Otherwise, the regulations of parking shared bicycles in different local governments aren’t all the same. Part of local governments such as Taipei City and New Taipei City prohibit people from parking shared bicycles on motorcycle parking spaces. In areas where people are allowed to do so, there is no appropriate plan of amount. Moreover, our compatriots haven’t built up the basic bicycle etiquette yet in general. As a result, we can still frequently see that the bicycles are parked not on motorcycle parking spaces appropriately and also in an inappropriately way, as be abandoned on roads at will. The situation above particularly happens to dockless bike-sharing. Let us think about the situation that a pedestrian falls down because he/she incautiously kicks a bicycle while walking in a dark orrainy day with unclear sight. When the accident happens, whom the pedestrian is going to lodge a claim with? Who should take the relevant liabilities for compensation? Are bike- sharing industries under the obligation to maintain and manage their own shared bikes and take the liability for compensation or not? However, the bike-sharing industry must take the responsibility. But, will the unsure limitation of liability, causing unpredictable risks,makes the enterprises take too much risks, which holds Green Industry back and obstruct the development of bike-sharing? Therefore, it is worth for us to think deeply about how to strike a balance. Rather than traffic accidents of bicycles ridden on the roads, this thesis’ study area focused on the situation that shared bikes parked on public roads cause damage to pedestrians, in which whether the bike-sharing industry has to take the liability for compensation. In other words, who should take the liability for compensation for the danger of inappropriately-parked shared bikes causing damage to pedestrians, the bike-sharingindustry or the lessee(bicyclist)? Can their property bear the liability for compensation tosatisfy the victim? It matters to the trilateral balance and protection between the bike-sharing industry, bicyclist and pedestrian. If the irregularly parked bicycles belong to the bike-sharing industry’s operating risk, bike-sharing industries reorganize it and work on it. Then, the effect on inside enterprise autonomy shoud works than on outside governmentalban. It may be more helpful to solve this problem. But, does the bike-sharing industry have any technique to manage bicyclists’ behavior of parking randomly? With an eye on the uncertainty and uncontrollable of bicyclists’ behavior, if the bike-sharing industry takes toomuch liability for compensation and duty of care of bicyclists’ randomly-parking behavior, it is afraid that the enterprises under the extreme company risk can’t afford it. In order notto obstruct the innovation of business model and not to strangle the existence of bike-sharing, is there any method to decrease the risk or control it reasonably? This is also one of points in the thesis.
Oliveira, Luís Miguel dos Santos Paulo. "Análise da estrutura de pavimento do projeto de execução da ligação da EN329 à EN229 (Vila de Sátão)." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93505.
Full textCom a falta de investimentos governamentais em estradas locais, as câmaras municipais veem-se obrigadas a fazer grandes investimentos na construção de vias, de modo a criarem alternativas ao tráfego de atravessamento de pesados do centro das suas vilas e cidades.A necessidade de reduzir custos, mantendo a qualidade das estradas, é fundamental para o equilíbrio financeiro das autarquias, por isso deve-se garantir um projeto de qualidade e um baixo custo em obra. As vias de comunicação municipais são importantes, a sua complementaridade à rede nacional é fundamental, para garantir a acessibilidade a algumas populações e o escoamento do produto das suas atividades económicas. Na pavimentação de estradas tem-se presenciado uma evolução técnica que é extremamente importante, de modo a encontrar e aperfeiçoar o melhor método de dimensionamento, um objetivo que a engenharia deverá alcançar.Com este trabalho prende-se analisar o projeto de dimensionamento da estrutura de pavimento da ligação da EN229 com a EN329, uma ligação que visa retirar o tráfego de atravessamento de veículos pesados do centro da vila de Sátão. O projeto em questão baseou-se apenas nas estruturas de pavimento definidas no Manual de Conceção de Pavimentos para Rede Rodoviária Nacional (MACOPAV) desenvolvido pela Junta Autónoma de Estradas, agora Infraestruturas de Portugal. Assim sendo, pretende-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes variáveis (nomeadamente, volume de tráfego, sua agressividade e crescimento, velocidade do tráfego, temperatura, capacidade de suporte da fundação e tipo de betume) na estrutura do pavimento. Para tal, comparam-se procedimentos do MACOPAV e do método da Shell, calcula-se a resposta estrutural nos prontos críticos da estrutura do pavimento, recorrendo ao KENPAVE, e compara-se essa resposta com a obtida nas leis de transferência da Shell, de modo a obter o dano que deverá ser cerca de 80%. Adicionalmente, são estudados cenários associados ao tráfego que poderá ser gerado pelo parque empresarial de Sátão, até agora reduzido.Da análise efetuada, concluiu-se que as variáveis com maior impacto na estrutura do pavimento são o módulo de deformabilidade do solo de fundação, a agressividade do tráfego, o tipo de betume e a velocidade.
With the lack of government investment on local roads, city councils are forced to make major investments in road construction in order to create alternatives to heavy-crossing traffic from the center of their towns and cities.The need to reduce costs while maintaining the quality of roads is fundamental for the financial equilibrium of municipalities, so a quality project and a low labor cost must be guaranteed. The municipal roads are important, their complementarity to the national network is fundamental, to guarantee the accessibility to some populations and the disposal of the product of their economic activities. In the paving of roads has been witnessed a technical evolution that is extremely important to find and perfect the best method of design, a goal that engineering must achieve.The aim of this work is to analyze the design of the EN229 link pavement structure with EN329, a link that aims to remove heavy traffic from the center of the town of Sátão. The project in question was based only on the pavement structures defined in the Manual for the Design of Pavements for National Road Network (MACOPAV) developed by the Autonomous Roads Board, now Infrastructures of Portugal. Thus, it is intended to evaluate the effect of different variables (namely, traffic volume, its aggressiveness and growth, traffic speed, temperature, foundation support capacity and type of bitumen) in the pavement structure. For this, MACOPAV and Shell method procedures are compared, the structural response is calculated on the critical ready-made pavement structure using KENPAVE and this response is compared with that obtained in the Shell transfer laws, in order to obtain the damage that should be about 80%. In addition, scenarios associated with traffic that can be generated by the business park of Sátão, until now reduced, are studied.From the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the variables with the greatest impact on the pavement structure are the deformability modulus of the subgrade, the agressiveness factor, the bitumen grade and the speed.