Dissertations / Theses: 'Damascus (Syria)'

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Grehan, James Paul. "Culture and consumption in eighteenth-century Damascus /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Alwaz, Helal. "Decoding the building code in Damascus : a search for culturally reflected built environment." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23197.

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Common urban development patterns have given Middle Eastern cities their distinctive character. This identity is partly due to the climatic and regional similarity. The remarkable degree of unity and homogeneity amongst Islamic cities is also attributed to the common religious backgrounds and the behavioural expectation of Islamic society in its urban context.
In the past, when religion and politics acted as one body, the Islamic building principles played a major role in shaping the traditional settlement of Damascus. Political, economic, social and cultural changes introduced a new system of government. The reform movements changed the structure of the administration and established a new judicial system. The authorities implemented the Building Code and other pieces of legislation, with the object of organizing the growth of the urban form of Damascus.
This paper analyzes a cluster of traditional houses in a residential quarter of Damascus, with the objective of exploring the reciprocal effect between the physical form of the cluster and the social life that existed within it. Thereafter, in the same manner, the new settlement currently replacing the old one will be analyzed. These two settlements will be compared, with regard to the traditional building principles in the old quarters, and the new building code and regulations in the new settlements. Building guidelines that make the built environment and the social life of its inhabitants complementary will be the ultimate goal of this thesis.

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Honeysett, Bethany Eleanor. "Memory of generations : time, narrative and kinship in Damascus, Syria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8260.

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‘Bless you, may you bury me’ is a common refrain among older people in the Syrian capital Damascus, directed especially towards children and young adults when they help with daily tasks or provide joy by their play or achievements. The sentiment expresses the hope that the old may die before the young and be mourned by them. It makes explicit the interlocking of life-cycles, through aging and mortality, and presumes an understanding of ideal kinship temporality where successive generations succeed one another in their proper order. It also hints that there is no certainty in this process. Sustaining these ideals is contingent on persistent material and symbolic work, a tempering of hope with memory and experience. These types of daily reckoning of personal and kinship time through mortality and life courses are rarely explored in the literature on Middle Eastern kinship. But how do these formations of time and generation sustain and transform? Anthropological theorising on the ‘Arab Family’ models it as cyclically reproducing roles, while socio-historical discussions of regional ‘transformations’ in politics and society understand them as lineal and successive. Both contain implicit speculations about the perceptions of time and the role of generations. Neither model, however, fully addresses the instrumentality of the types of temporality and generation they presume. What is it about the unfolding of familial and social generations and the temporality they imbue that is so integral to the models of kinship and society used to understand the region? And what is happening when historical change and familial generations interact? Based on 18 months of fieldwork, this thesis explores the interrelationships of Damascene life courses and their reciprocity with the historical context in which processes of birth, maturation, procreation and death take place. It describes subjective dispositions manifested at specific points in the life course and the manner in which individuals relate to past, present and potential selves, through memory, narrative and historicity, and through the unfolding sensual experience of time, place and objects. These inter-generational relationships illustrate not a recycling, but rather an historical and historicising process through transformative exchange and reciprocity. By tracing the shifts in the narratives of kinship in and through time, I consider Damascene history and time as emergent properties of inter- and intragenerational dynamics within a supple kinship system. I assert that however much kinship activities such as eating together, transmitting property, marrying, bringing up children and giving them names may be concerned with maintaining order and propriety, they are also contentious creative forces whose tensions and joys are paramount to Syrian social transformation.

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Geros, Panagiotis. "When christianity matters : The production and manipulation of communalism in damascus, syria." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498103.

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Sudermann, Yannick Tobias. "Gentrification and urban heritage under authoritarian rule : the case of pre-war Damascus, Syria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17950.

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This thesis examines gentrification in the historic centre of the Syrian capital Damascus prior to the civil war beginning in spring 2011 and to what extent the authoritarian regime facilitated and benefited from gentrification and urban heritage as means of regime maintenance. In so doing it critically engages with and brings into dialogue bodies of literature that, on first sight, have not much in common: first, gentrification, the production of urban space for the better-off, a process which can now be observed globally; second, urban heritage (i.e. its use for economic, political or identity-related purposes); and third, authoritarian resilience, with a focus on the Middle East, a region where authoritarian regimes remained resilient to internal and external pressures for economic and political liberalization. The thesis identifies the advance of neoliberalism and alterations in Syria’s elite composition as the contexts in which the literatures as well as the processes under scrutiny overlap. Qualitative interviews with private and official stakeholders in gentrification and heritage preservation in Old Damascus form the empirical foundation of this study, complemented by the analysis of newspaper articles, internet sources and works of fiction. Until 2011, gentrification emerged mainly in the form of commercialized historic property, a trend mainly driven by members of the upper and upper-middle classes, who were both producers and consumers of a gentrified Old Damascus. Beside the sheer interest in capital accumulation, stakeholders “used” the old city as a source of identity and an element of a Damascene heritage discourse. In addition to upper-class Damascenes’ economic and identity-related interests this thesis argues that authoritarian resilience, and thus the interests of the authoritarian state, developed into an additional aspect of gentrification and heritage promotion in Old Damascus, as the regime benefited from and facilitated both processes. Providing affluent parts of the population with a commodified landscape of consumption enabled the regime to domestically gain the support of consumers and those co-opted by privileged access to lucrative business opportunities in the old city (i.e. regime cronies and loyal entrepreneurs). Additionally, the promotion of a gentrified Old Damascus and its heritage as a tourist attraction functioned as an opportunity to upgrade the country’s negative image abroad. In conclusion, approaching authoritarian resilience through the analytical lenses of gentrification and heritage contributes to a broader understanding of urban transformations in authoritarian states. However, in the face of coercion through urban warfare, destruction and ethnic cleansing, it is unclear to what extent gentrification and heritage are still of importance for regime maintenance in Syria’s cities.

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Al-Zanki, Jamal M. H. A. "The Emirate of Damascus in the early Crusading period, 488-549/1095-1154." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2937.

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This study "The Emirate of Damascus During the Early Crusading Period 488-549/1095-1154 deals with this Emirate which was established in 488/1095, after the defeat and the murder of Taj al-Dawla Tutush near Rayy in 488/1095 by his nephew Sultan Berkiyaruq Ibn Sult-an Malik-Sh5h. The dominions of Ti al-Dawla, mainly in Syria and the Jazira divided between his elder sons King Fakhr al-Mullik Ridwan in Aleppo and King Shams al-Muliik Ducfaq in Damascus. The Kingdom of Damascus comprized south Syria and some parts of the Jazira such as al- Rahba and Mayyafäriqin. Zahir al-Din Tughtekln, who was Atabek of King Duclaq, became the de facto ruler of Damascus during the reign of King Duqaq 488-497/1095-1104. After the death of Duqaq, Tughtekin was to be the real Amir of Damascus, and his dynasty was to gain control of the Emirate until its fall at the hands of Niir al-Din Mahmild of Aleppo in 549/1154. In this thesis, the following matters are discussed: 1. The conditions which led to the foundation of this Emirate. 2. The role of Tughtekin in establishing his authority in the Emirate. 3. The foreign policy of the Emirate, and the factors which shaped this policy. 4. The effects (on the Emirate) of the coming of the Crusaders particularly those of Jerusalem. S. Internal rivalries in the Emirate, and their influence on the stability of the Emirate and its external relations. 6. The policy of alliances adopted by the Emirate and the factors which affected this. 7. The influence of the growing power of Zangi of Aleppo and Mosul (521-541/1127-1146) on Damascus and why he did not succeed in annexing Damascus to his united front in Syria and the Jazira aimed at challenging the power of the Crusaders. 8. The reasons which helped Mir al-Din Mahmüd Ibn Zangi of Aleppo to annex Damascus to his state in 549/1154. 9. The importance of the military power of Damascus and Its role in protecting the Emirate. Finally a concluding section sums up the achievement of the Emirate of Damascus in maintaining its Independence during the period and the role of the Emirate in the Counter-Crusade.

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(eroglu), Memis Serife. "Syrian Armenians During The Last Decades Of The Nineteenth And The First Quarter Of The Twentieth Centuries." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609106/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT SYRIAN ARMENIANS DURING THE LAST DECADES OF THE NINETEETNH AND THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURIES MemiS, Serife (Eroglu) MS, Department of Middle East Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ö
mer Turan December 2007, 161 pages This thesis analyses the situation of the Syrian Armenians during the last decades of the nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth centuries. The central position of the Provinces of Aleppo and Damascus, parts of today&rsquo
s Syria, for both the Armenian communities of Aleppo and Damascus and the Ottoman Empire are the main incentives that determine the focus of this study as Syrian Armenians. Apart from the representation of the social, economic, political, religious, cultural and educational life of the Armenian communities in the Provinces of Aleppo and Damascus, the thesis also includes information about the situation of them during the relocation process. Within this context, the thesis also includes information representing the issue of Armenian Question in a different aspect since untouched fields of research, the cases of Aleppine and Damascene Armenians, provide some similarities and differences with the Armenian community&rsquo
s situation in the Ottoman Empire before World War I and during the relocation process.

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Sabah, Maysa N. (Maysa Nassir) 1972. "Bridging domestic concerns and international markets : the story of large garment producers in Damascus, Syria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9328.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-58).
For a country that was closed till 1990, and regarded as a textbook case of a closed economy, it is surprising to find in Syria a rapidly increasing number of large garment producers, that are supplying multinational buyers from Europe, and are rapidly transforming the country's garment sector. The aim of this study is to understand (i) why and how Syria is increasingly becoming a production base for several multinational buyers and intermediaries and (ii) why and how large Syrian producers are the chief conduits of this contact between Syria and European export markets and (iii) why and how knowledge is diffused from the large producers to other small and medium firms in the garment industry. Two main factors explain the rapid growth of in the number of firms producing for multinational buyers. First, the pruticular features of a core group of local firms that are attracting multinationai buyers: (i) long years of experience (ii) large-scale (iii) ability to produce a variety of products. The state played an important historical role in shaping these features by (i) indirectly creating an industrial class (ii) promoting cotton and infrastructure (iii) allowing for links between outside buyers and local producers after liberalization. Second, the nature of information transferred from multinational buyers and intermediaries to local producers, and which varied according to the type of agreement a firm was involved in. In tum, the targe producers are transferring the information acquired from European buyers to other local firms in the industry under two main conditions. First, producers manufacturing under franchising agreements generally tended to depend more on local producers for the supply of raw materials. Second, the existing Alawi-Sunni struggle existing within the Syrian society intensified the transfer of information from large producers to other local firms. Many of the Sunnis who own the large firms saw in transferring information to other smaller producers an opportunity to gain the support of the small producers and to revive their role as an industrial elite in the Syrian society.
by Maysa N. Sabah.
M.C.P.

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Shaheen, Andrea Lynn. "The Zurna, Oboe, and Syrian Musical Practice: Authenticating a Musical Modernity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238615.

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In contemporary Damascus, the modern oboe and an instrument known as its predecessor, the zurna, are heard on a daily basis as they continue to be employed in Syrian popular and folk music practices. After observing the pervasiveness of the sounds of these instruments in Syria, I proceeded to investigate the socio-cultural processes surrounding their usage. This study provides a history of the zurna, traces its development in Europe into the modern oboe, and explores the oboe's re-entry into musical practices in the Middle East. Through empirical fieldwork, I collected data that allowed me to observe the social significance of the sounds of these instruments for musicians and listeners alike in the Greater Damascus area. Using Jonathan Shannon's modernity improvisation model (Shannon 2006) as a departure point, I analyze the way Syrians use instruments such as the zurna and oboe in seemingly diverging ways to create their own "modern" subjectivities. Additionally, I demonstrate how these sounds reflect what Clifford Geertz refers to as the inevitable struggle between essentialism and epochalism in post-colonial nations such as Syria (Geertz 1971) through the analyzation of discourse surrounding instruments so deemed "modern" or "authentic" (such as the oboe and zurna, respectively) in contemporary Syrian society. Musical examples are included in order to demonstrate performance practice and provide perspective on the music theory behind the ways composers and musicians include the sounds of the oboe and zurna in particular works and genres.

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Ḥimṣī, Muḥammad ḥasan. "al-Duʻāh wa-al-daʻwah al-Islāmīyah al-muʻāṣirah al-munṭaliqah min masājid Dimashq." Dimashq : Bayrūt : Dār al-Rashīd ; Muʼassasat al-Īmān, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=tFIxAAAAMAAJ.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Kullīyat al-Imām al-Awzāʻī lil-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah, 1989.
eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, p. 1089-1123) and indexes.

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Reichenbach, Anke. "Mit süsser Zunge Höflichkeit und Nachbarschaft im Damaszener Christenviertel Bâb Tûmâ /." Gehren : Escher, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47767838.html.

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AlKhalil, Muhamed. "Nizar Qabbani: From Romance to Exile." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1336%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Jassem, Zaidan Ali. "Phonological variation and change in immigrant speech : a sociolinguistic study of a 1967 Arab-Israeli War immigrant speech community in Damascus, Syria." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1682/.

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Najm, Simon. "The Rūm orthodox community of Syria in a Time of Change and Violence : 1860-1914." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0145.

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Cette recherche se concentre sur la situation des chrétiens du Levant, principalement la communauté Rūm orthodoxe de Damas et le patriarcat d'Antioche qui comprend les différentes régions du Liban et de la Syrie au cours des années 1860-1914. Elle vise à étudier l'impact des Tanẓīmāt (réformes) à travers les questions suivantes qui ont préoccupé les chrétiens orthodoxes de ce temps : le prosélytisme, le calendrier grégorien, la conscription militaire, les événements de 1860, les indemnités, la question bulgare et l'indépendance de l'Église d'Antioche, sur la vie et l'histoire de cette communauté, en se basant sur les Archives inédites du Patriarcat d'Antioche, conservées à Damas et consultées en croisement avec les « Archives diplomatiques du ministère des Affaires étrangères » conservées à La Courneuve (France), les Archives du Patriarcat maronite, Bkerké (Liban) et les Archives pontificales (Archivio Segreto, Propaganda Fide et Églises orientales), à Rome (Italie).Cette recherche révèle que l'histoire interne de la communauté Rūm orthodoxe et l'histoire ecclésiastique de l'Église d'Antioche sont profondément liées aux grandes questions de cette époque. Les Tanẓīmāt ottomanes ont énormément affecté la vie de la communauté Rūm orthodoxe en Syrie et au Liban. D’une part, les Tanẓīmāt et les ingérences étrangères ont joué un rôle de premier plan à provoquer les massacres de 1860. D'autre part, elles ont largement profité aux communautés chrétiennes sur les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels, ainsi que sur la mise en forme de leur identité arabe et gestion de leurs affaires ecclésiales
This research focuses on the situation of Levantine Christians, mainly the Rūm Orthodox community of Damascus and the Patriarchate of Antioch which includes the different regions of Lebanon and Syria during the years 1860-1914. It aims at investigating the impact of the Tanẓīmāt (reforms), through the following questions that preoccupied Orthodox Christians at that time: proselytism, the Gregorian Calendar, military conscription, the events of 1860, the indemnities, the Bulgarian question, and the independence of the Antiochian Church, on the life and history of this community, based on the unpublished Archives of the Patriarchate of Antioch preserved in Damascus, while crossing them with the Archives diplomatiques du ministère des Affaires étrangères preserved at La Courneuve, France, the Archives of the Maronite Patriarchate, Bkerke, Lebanon, and the Pontifical Archives (Archivio Segreto, Propaganda Fide, and Oriental Churches), in Rome, Italy.This research reveals how the internal history of the Rūm Orthodox community and the ecclesiastical history of the Church of Antioch are deeply intertwined with the major questions of that time. The Ottoman Tanẓīmāt had great impacts on the life of the Rūm Orthodox community in Syria and Lebanon. On the one hand, the Tanẓīmāt and the foreign interferences played a prominent role in provoking the massacres of 1860. On the other, they largely benefited the Christian communities on the economic, social, and cultural levels, as well as on the shaping of their Arab identity and the managing of their church affairs

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Fadel, Tamman. "La construction d'une métropole dominante - Le problème de l'étalement urbain dans la région Damascène (Syrie)." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1017/document.

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De nos jours, l’étalement urbain est devenu une préoccupation grandissante tant pour les institutions concernées (surtout les collectivités territoriales) que pour les chercheurs qui sont en quête d’analyser les facteurs favorisants ce type d’urbanisation, ainsi que les effets qui en découlent. Ce travail de doctorat s’intéresse à l’étalement urbain dans la région Damascène (en Syrie), un phénomène qui s’accélère au fil des années en menaçant les espaces agricoles de la Ghouta (l’osais de Damas). En tenant compte de la situation de Damas et le rôle qu’elle joue au niveau de la Syrie (comme la capitale d’un pays très centralisé), notre travail vise à comprendre : comment les espaces agricoles de son oasis (la Ghouta) se trouvent menacés par l’étalement urbain, alors que l’Etat semble prendre en considération l’importance vitale de ces espaces ? En s’appuyant sur plusieurs études réalisées en Syrie et en France, des données récoltées à partir des institutions syriennes, ce travail repose sur l’hypothèse suivante : la région damascène, comme le reste des métropoles nationales, est soumise aux conditions générales de l’étalement urbain, ce phénomène s'explique aussi et principalement par d'autres éléments, qualifiés de « spécificités Damascènes ». Donc, au delà d’une simple approche qui s’appuie sur les deux facteurs (démographique et économique), la particularité de cette étude se réside dans d’autres facteurs importants liés au contexte politico-administratif, mais aussi au contexte socioculturel (confessionnel)
Nowdays, Urban sprawl is gaining larger attentions by institutions and researchers who are seeking to analyze its effects and the corresponding contributing factors. This PhD thesis focuses on the urban sprawl phenomenon in the region of Damascus (Syria) that is accelerating with time, and threatening the agricultural spaces of Ghouta (the oasis of Damascus). Taking into account the fact of Damascus being the capital of Syria, a very centralized country, we show in this work how the Ghouta agricultural spaces (that are of great importance as declared by the state) are threatened by this urban sprawl. Based on several studies and on data collected from Syrian local institutions, we show that the Damascus region, like the other national metropolis, is subject to the urban spreading general conditions. Finally, this phenomenon can be also mainly explained by other factors termed "specific Damascenes". Therefore, rather considering a simple approach based only on two factors (demographic and economic), the peculiarity of this PhD lies in considering some additional important factors into consideration when analyzing the urban sprawl phenomenon. Those important factors are those related to the political, administrative and sociocultural context (confessional)

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Gade, Nielsen Emma. "Deeming Damascus 'Safe': The Aspiration of Danish State Actors to 'Return' Syrian Nationals to the Damascus Region." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21811.

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This paper examines the intensified focus on ‘return’ in Danish asylum policy and the changed approach to the assessment of revocation of residence permits and asylum claims made by Syrian nationals. The aim of the study is to understand the interplay between Danish state actors and the Refugee Appeals Board and their tactics of legitimization in adopting this new approach and rejecting asylum protection to three Syrian nationals. The study concludes that discourses linking asylum protection to ‘international obligations’, refugee status to ‘return’ and ‘the refugee’ to an essentialist understanding of the term are fundamental in facilitating the decisions made in the cases. Furthermore, a governmental goal of ensuring ‘the security of society’, that is, the Danish population defined in national terms, underpins and works to sustain these discourses. The findings contribute to creating detailed knowledge about the Danish asylum system and the logic supporting the increased focus on ‘return’.

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Massot, Anaïs. "Socio-political changes, confessionalization, and Inter-confessional relations in Ottoman Damascus from 1760 to 1860." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0008.

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Cette thèse analyse la relation entre les changements sociopolitiques et les relations interconfessionnelles dans la ville ottomane de Damas 1760 à 1860. À travers une lecture croisée de chroniques contemporaines, d'archives ottomanes, d'archives consulaires françaises et britanniques, de registres judiciaires, ainsi que d'archives missionnaires, cette recherche explore comment les communautés religieuses ont été imaginées et construites dans un contexte de transformations sociales, politiques et économiques de la moitié du XVIIIe siècle au milieu du XIXe siècle, et comment cela a affecté les relations interconfessionnelles.D'une part, l'interprétation traditionnelle de l'histoire de Bilād al-Šām au XIXe siècle basée sur une lecture essentialiste des relations interconfessionnelles s'appuyait sur le récit d'une haine ancienne et durable entre les groupes religieux. En revanche, la lecture de l'histoire sociale minimise le rôle de la religion dans ces dynamiques. Cette recherche réintroduit le facteur religieux, mais à travers une analyse des sciences sociales. Elle adopte une approche diachronique pour étudier l'interaction entre les développements à long terme au sein des communautés et les réformes sociopolitiques à court terme dans la première partie du XIXe siècle. Elle met en lumière la relation entre la transformation interne des communautés et les relations interconfessionnelles. Cette thèse analyse le développement de cultures confessionnelles chez les grecs catholiques, juifs et musulmans. Ensuite, elle souligne la politisation des identifications religieuses au XIXe siècle à travers la transformation des relations État-société, l'intervention étrangère, les luttes de pouvoir pour l'accès aux ressources urbaines et rurales, et la reconstruction des hiérarchies des communautés non-musulmanes à travers l’institutionnalisation du système des millet.L'attaque contre le quartier chrétien de Damas en 1860 est un événement historique important dans la mémoire collective syrienne. En apportant un éclairage nouveau sur cet événement, cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension du passé interconfessionnel de la région de Bilād al-Šām
This thesis analyzes the relation between socio-political changes and inter-confessional relations in Ottoman Damascus from 1760 to 1860. Through a cross-reading of contemporary chronicles, Ottoman archives, French and British consular archives, court records, as well as missionary archives, this research explores how religious communities were imagined and constructed in the context of the social, political, and economic transformations of the late 18th century and the early 19th century Tanzimat period, and how it affected inter-confessional relations. On the one hand, the traditional interpretation of the history of Bilād al-Šām in the 19th century based upon an essentialist reading of inter-confessional relations and violence relied upon the narrative of ancient and enduring hatred between religious groups. On the other hand, the social history reading minimizes the role of religious in these dynamics. This study reintroduces the religious factor, but through a social science analysis. It adopts a diachronic approach to study the interaction between long term developments within communities and short term socio-political reforms of the 19th century. It brings to light the relation between the internal transformation of communities and inter-confessional relations. First, this thesis analyzes the development of confessional cultures among Greek Catholics, Jews and Muslims. Then, it points to the politicization of religious identifications in the 19th century through the transformations of state-society relations, foreign intervention, power struggles for access to urban and rural resources, and the reconstruction of the hierarchies of the non-Muslim communities through the institutionalization of the millet system. The attack against the Christian quarter of Damascus in the summer of 1860 features as an important historical event in Syrian collective memory. By shedding new light on this event, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the inter-confessional past of Bilād al-Šām

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Kanaan, Mouayad. "Les quartiers non-réglementaires de l'agglomération de Damas : entre les projets urbains et les initiatives des habitants." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30065.

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Cette thèse de doctorat repose essentiellement sur notre analyse critique des études et des projets menés par différents consultants (syriens, européens, internationaux) et sur nos enquêtes de terrain à Damas, capitale de la Syrie. En 2004, près de 40 % de la population de l’agglomération de Damas vivaient dans des zones non-réglementaires. Celles-ci représentent donc une composante essentielle de l’expansion urbaine. Premièrement, la thèse analyse le phénomène de l’habitat non-réglementaire à Damas. Elle explique le marché foncier et les caractéristiques des lotissements clandestins dans trois études de cas, deux quartiers: Assad Al Din et Daf Al Chok et un village : Al Bahdalya. Elle montre également comment le maître d’œuvre effectue les étapes de sa construction. Deuxièmement, la thèse traite de la politique urbaine. Elle présente les consultants : MAM, Cities Alliance, Al Diwan, qui ont mené des études et des projets pour les zones étudiées. Elle examine ici leurs études et projets dans une analyse critique approfondie. Troisièmement, la thèse traite de la politique urbaine à l’épreuve des usagers. Elle étudie les caractéristiques socioéconomiques des habitants interviewés des zones étudiées, leur mobilité résidentielle et leurs attitudes à l’égard des projets et des études proposés. Certains des chefs de ménage interviewés pensent qu’ils seront logés, mais beaucoup pensent qu’ils seront expulsés. C'est pourquoi la thèse traite finalement la question du relogement en s’appuyant sur notre enquête de terrain dans une banlieue de relogement Al Hussainyah
This dissertation is mainly based on our critical analysis of studies and projects by different consultants (Syrian, European, international) and on our fieldwork in Damascus, capital of Syria. In 2004, nearly 40 % of the population in the urban district of Damascus lived in informal settlements. Therefore, these settlements represent an essential component of urban expansion. Firstly, the dissertation analyzes the phenomenon of informal habitat in Damascus. It explains the land market and the characteristics of illegal settlements in three case studies, two neighborhoods: Assad Al Din and Daf Al Chok and a village: Al Bahdalya. It also shows how the builder performs the different phases of construction. Secondly, the thesis deals with urban policy. It presents the consultants: MAM, Cities Alliance, Al Diwan, who have undertaken studies and projects for the areas mentioned above. Here, the dissertation examines their studies and projects to provide critical, in depth analysis. Thirdly, the dissertation deals with the urban policy as perceived by the citizens. It studies socioeconomic characteristics of the interviewed inhabitants in the areas studied here, residential mobility and their attitudes towards projects and studies proposed to them. Some of interviewed household’s heads think they will be given a house, but many think they will be evicted. That is why the dissertation finally addresses the issue of relocation which is based on our fieldwork in the re-housing suburb of Al Hussainyah

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Bishara, Ayman. "Bauklimatische Simulationsverfahren zur Lösung von Entwurfs-, Planungs- und Sanierungsaufgaben in Syrien." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-131534.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der Entwicklung, Implementierung, Verifizierung und beispielhaften Anwendung eines thermohygrischen Modells zur Lösung bauklimatisch anspruchsvoller Planungsaufgaben. Als Anwendungsbeispiele dienen zwei Planungsprojekte an kritischen Standorten, ein Sanierungsentwurf für ein Wohngebäude in der warm-trockenen Klimazone (Damaskus) und ein Neubauentwurf für ein Kirchengebäude in der warm- feuchten Klimazone (Latakia). Die Entwicklung des thermohygrischen Berechnungsmodells wurde auf der Grundlage einer vereinfachten Gebäude- Energie- und Feuchtebilanz vorgenommen. Das Modell prognostiziert den thermischen und hygrischen Raumklimaverlauf in Abhängigkeit des Außenklimas, der Baukonstruktion und der Raumnutzung. Die Validität des Modells konnte in einem ersten Schritt am Beispiel eines Archivbaus am Standort Dresden nachgewiesen werden. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde das Modell in seiner Funktionalität (Eingabeparametervariabilität und -flexibilität) erweitert und in das Programm CLIMT (Climate-Indoor-Moisture-Temperature) implementiert. Die Validität der erweiterten Funktionalität des Programms konnte mit Hilfe von Messergebnissen eines Testhauses am Standort Partwitzer See (Brandenburg) sowie den für dieses Gebäude durchgeführten Simulationsergebnissen (Software TRNSYS) nachgewiesen werden. Die Anwendung des entwickelten Programms CLIMT wurde für zwei gehobene bauklimatische Problemstellungen demonstriert. In beiden Fällen handelt es sich um Gebäude, deren historisch gewachsenes Umfeld und deren bautypologische Traditionen maßgebende Planungsaspekte darstellen. Die Standort- Klimazonen beider Gebäude bringen besondere Schwierigkeiten mit sich. Für das Sanierungsplanungsbeispiel „Damaszener Wohnhaus“ wurden die Hauptmerkmale der historischen städtebaulichen Einbindung, der Gebäudezonierung sowie der traditionellen gestalterischen und bautechnischen Gebäudeelemente herausgearbeitet. Im Anschluss daran wurde die historisch- bauklimatische Funktionsweise dieses Gebäudetypus mit zahlreichen CLIMT- Variantenrechnungen näher betrachtet. Die besondere klimatische Schwierigkeit des Standortes Damaskus besteht in den permanent hohen Lufttemperaturen von bis zu 42°C, verbunden mit sehr niedrigen Luftfeuchten und Luftgeschwindigkeiten. Es wurden die beiden wesentlichen bauklimatische Funktionsbereiche, deren maßgebende Eigenschaften und deren Wirkungsweise für das Standortklima analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse bilden eine Hilfestellung für die traditionsbewusste bauklimatische Konzeption ähnlicher Gebäudetypen in dieser Klimazone. Auch für den Anwendungsfall der Neubauplanung eines Kirchenbaus am Standort Al-Rwda (Latakia) wurde eine umfassende bauhistorische Analyse des Gebäudetypus durchgeführt. Es konnten die historisch gewachsenen Hauptmerkmale des byzantinischen bzw. syrischen Sakralbaus in Bezug auf die Gebäudekubatur, Fassadengestaltung, Baustoffwahl und Innenraumgestaltung herausgestellt werden. Die bauklimatische Optimierung des neu zu errichtenden Kirchenbaus wurde mit Hilfe von CLIMT- und DELPHIN- Simulationsstudien vorgenommen. Am Gebäudestandort Latakia bestand die besondere Problemstellung in der Berücksichtigung hoher Luftfeuchten und Temperaturen welche ein erhöhtes Schadenspotenzial für die Außenbauteilkonstruktionen bedingen. Trotz der zahlreichen Randvorgaben der Planung konnten die bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften der gewählten Konstruktionen so weit wie möglich den vorteilhaften historischen Konstruktionseigenschaften angenähert werden so dass Schadensfreiheit gewährleistbar ist und der Energiebedarf weitestgehend minimiert wurde. Auch die Erkenntnisse dieses Kapitels bieten Planungshilfestellungen für den Entwurf ähnlicher Gebäudetypen und sind des Weiteren auf andere Klimazonen, so auch die gemäßigte Klimazone, übertragbar. Die Dissertation leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Entwurfsprozesses indem sie ein praxistaugliches aber dennoch exaktes Bewertungsmodell zur Verfügung stellt und dessen Anwendung im Zusammenspiel der zahlreichen Entwurfsaspekte wie z.B. Städtebau, Nutzungsanforderungen, Statik, Liturgie, Baugeschichte und vor allem Bauklimatik, beispielhaft aufzeigt. Die Ableitung bauklimatischer Regeln bzw. Erkenntnisse konnten für zwei bauklimatisch bedeutende Klimazonen, die warm- feuchte und die warm- trockene Zone, an Hand zweier Entwurfsfelder bzw. Entwurfsbeispiele aufgestellt werden. Die erzielten Erkenntnisse beruhen dabei nicht nur auf der Anwendung des thermohygrischen Gebäudemodells sondern auch auf einer theoretischen Analyse der baugeschichtlichen Vorbilder für die Entwurfsbeispiele der jeweiligen Klimazone.

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Abbas, Howaida. "Le décor de stuc à Damas à l'époque des Zanguides et des Ayyoubides." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H001.

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La thèse traite du décor de stuc à Damas à l'époque des Zanguides et des Ayyoubides; nous avons sélectionné neuf monuments de la vieille ville de Damas et de ses faubourgs, aux décors en stuc abondants les plus marquants à cette époque. Ce sont: al-Bïmaristan al-Nürï, al-Madrasa al-Nüriyya, al-Madrasa alBadriyya, al-Turba al-Hatünïyya, al-Madrasa al-Sâmiyya al-Barrâniyya, la Mosquée d'al-Hanâbila, la Mosquée d'al-Tawba, al-Bïmaristân al- Qaymarï et al-Turba al-Takrïtiyya. La thèse est organisée en deux volumes : un premier volume d'étude et un second rassemblant un catalogue et les illustrations. Le premier volume s'organise en trois parties. La première partie est consacrée au contexte géographique et historique de la ville de Damas, à travers son expansion intra et extra-muros au cours du temps, suivie par une présentation du stuc en tant que matériau: caractéristiques, techniques utilisées et évolution chronologique à partir du début de l'époque islamique. La deuxième partie présente une étude détaillée des monuments par ordre chronologique; chaque monument est décrit sous trois aspects: historique, architectural et surtout ornemental. Une datation approximative du décor est proposée, suite à l'analyse et à l'étude comparative du décor. Chaque panneau décoratif est détaillé en suivant cinq axes de recherches. Nous abordons en premier lieu le cadre du décor, son schéma directeur et sa composition décorative; puis, nous identifions les motifs et nous dénombrons en vue de statistiques les motifs utilisés dans chaque panneau décoratif; nous commentons ensuite le traitement intérieur des motifs. La troisième partie de notre étude aborde la synthèse, sous forme d'étude analytique comparative de chaque étape de l'étude du décor, en établissant une iconographie des différents motifs floraux à partir du répertoire ornemental des neuf monuments étudiés; ces motifs sont classés en fonction de leur forme la plus simple et de leur type. L'étude comparative a été réalisée à partir de ces monuments ou d'autres monuments de la même époque, sur différents matériaux. Nous avons abordé l'étude typologique des motifs à partir de leur origine. L'analyse comparative des procédés de décoration nous a permis de dégager certains points : les motifs floraux utilisés en soulignant les plus fréquents et les plus rares, ainsi que les écoles artistiques dominantes dans le décor de stuc de Damas à l'époque zanguide et ayyoubide
This research deals with the stucco decoration in Damascus during the Zangid and Ayyubid period. Nine monuments have been selected in the old city of Damascus and its outskirts, because of their particular importance. These are al-Bîmaristan al-Nürî, al-Madrasa al-Nüriyya, al-Madrasa al- Badriyya, al-Turba al-ljatünîyya, al-Madrasa al-Samiyya al-Barraniyya, al-ijanabila mosque, alTawba mosque, al-Bîmaristan al- Qaymarî and al-Turba al-Takrîtiyya. The thesis is organized in two volumes: the first volume is dedicated to the study of the decoration, the second volume contains the catalogue and the figures. The study volume is divided into three parts. The first part presents the geographical and historical context of Damascus through its expansion intra-muros and extra-muros through the time, followed by a presentation of the stucco as a material, its characteristics, its techniques and its chronological evolution since the early Islamic period. The second part is devoted to the detailed study of the monuments in chronological order. Each monument is described through three aspects: historical, architectural and ornamental. An approximate dating of the decorations is proposed according to the analysis and comparative study. Each decorative unit is detailed according to five lines: the environment of the decoration, its design blueprint and decorative composition, the identification of decorative patterns, the statistical use of each separate pattern, and finally the inner treatment of each pattern. The third part provides a synthesis with an analytical and comparative study. A directory of the different floral patterns used in the nine monuments has been established and organizcd according to their basic type. The comparative study is conducted through these monuments and other contemporary monuments, displaying various techniques. This comparative analysis allowed to highlight some aspects such as: the most commonly used floral designs or the rarest, and the different styles dominating the stucco decoration in Zangid and Ayyubid Damascus

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Al, Zoabi Mouhammad Kheir. "Le papier en Syrie ottomane à partir du fonds des archives de Damas : une étude historique, analyse, restauration et conservation." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4005/document.

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Cette thèse présente une étude historique : l’apparition du papier au Moyen Orient. L’identification des centres de fabrication papetières de cette région, les différentes méthodologies constatées, puisées dans des sources arabes anciennes. Une étude analytique : analyses des sujets présents dans les firmans d’Alep qui contiennent plusieurs sujets traitant de la vie politique, économique, religieuse, militaire et sociale de cette ville. Ces sujets nous donnent une idée plus claire et réelle de ce qui s’est passé dans cette région et d’une manière plus large dans l’empire ottoman. Une étude technique des papiers filigranés des collections ottomanes conservées au centre des archives de Damas : de manière à peu près constante, les papetiers d’Occident se sont appliqués à signer leur production en utilisant une marque inscrite en filigrane dans la feuille à sa fabrication. Cette marque qui s’exprime par le dessin d’une figure ou des lettres, constitue en quelque sorte l’enseigne du papetier. Des solutions de conservation préventive par la surveillance climatique et la sensibilisation des différents acteurs : chercheurs, responsables et lecteurs sur les bonnes pratiques de consultation. Des solutions de conservation curatives sont proposées par l’utilisation de méthodes de restaurations reconnues au niveau international et par la création d’un type de reliure de conservation économiquement et techniquement transposable en Syrie pays où cet artisanat est absent
This thesis presents a historical study: the appearance of the paper in the Middle East. Identification of paper mills manufacturing centers of this region, the different methodologies identified, drawn from ancient Arabic sources. An analytical study: analysis of subjects in the firmans Aleppo containing several topics dealing with political, economic, religious, military and social life of the city. These subjects give us a clearer and real idea of what happened in this region and more broadly in the Ottoman Empire. A technical study paper watermarks Ottoman collections housed at the center of Damascus archives: in order almost constant, papermakers west have applied to sign their production using a registered trademark implicit in the sheet manufacture. This brand is expressed through drawing of a figure or letters, is something of the sign in the paper. Preventive conservation solutions for climate monitoring and awareness of various stakeholders: researchers, managers and players on good consultation practices. Curative conservation solutions are offered by the use of methods restorations internationally recognized and the creation of a type of conservation economically and technically binding transposable Syria country where the craft is away

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Bogard, François. "Décor architectural et mécénat à Damas aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10192.

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L’objet de ce travail est d’étudier le lien entre le mécénat et le décor architectural à Damas de l’arrivée des Salğūqides à l’irruption des Mongols en Syrie et l'occupation destructrice de la ville, soit la fin de la dynastie ayyūbide.Un recensement des monuments conservés, replacés pour certains dans le contexte d’un mécénat qui dépasse largement la métropole syrienne, permet de mettre plusieurs groupes de mécènes, un groupe princier (le dynaste et sa famille directe), celui des émirs qui gravite autour de ce pouvoir central sans toujours résider et se rend ainsi visible dans la capitale, et celui des groupes de juristes et de religieux (soufis notamment) qui, tracent avec leurs fondations une géographie dans la ville et dans ses faubourgs.Une présentation des monuments par étapes chronologiques, et par réseaux (familiaux, sociaux) illustre des moments-clefs de la création artistique à Damas (milieu du XII° siècle: Nûr al-Dîn; début XIII°: al-'Âdil) et des groupes d’édifices liés par des caractères originaux: muqarnas de plâtre au XII° siècle et de pierre au XIII° siècle n'ornent longtemps que les portails des familles princières.Le décor réside dans les choix architecturaux (salles à coupoles, transition sur trompes ou sur pendentifs), mais aussi dans le choix des matériaux avec le goût pour la peinture et la sculpture sur plâtre et pour les assises de pierre colorées (ablaq).L’étude des ornements, montre des liens durables avec l’art fatimide jusqu’au début du XIII° siècle, mais aussi des échanges constants avec les foyers de l'espace zankide et ayyûbide, mais aussi de Mésopotamie, d’Iran et d’Asie Centrale, qui pourvoient Damas en savants et combattants
This work is a study about the link that we can find between the Architectural Ornament and the patronage in medieval Damascus from the arrival of Salğūqids to the Mongol conquest.A listing of the still existing (or documented) monuments, put for some patrons into the context of their known architectural activity in order to point out the importance of the destroyed monuments, throws light on the activity of rulers and their family, military circles, and religious circles. This patronage outlines a geography of these groups in and around the city of Damascus.The study of the monuments, chronologically and by circles of patronage (families, social groups…) illustrates some moments of important artistic activity ( Middle of the XIIth century: Nûr al-Dîn; Beginning of the XIIIth century: al-Âdil), and also some groups of monuments with original ornamentation, or conception: plaster and stone muqarnas only occcur on portals built by the ruler and his family, not by the amirs, nor scholars.Architectural ornament is also based upon some choice, for cupolas on squinches or pendentives, for cut plaster or painted plaster, couloured stones for stripped walls (ablaq).The study of ornaments shows the links with Fatimid art till the beginning of the XIII° century, and with close Syrian and Mesopotamian sources, but also with the more remote oriental sources, with Iranian and Central Asian art, in this time many scholars and warriors.come to Damascus from these countries

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Duberg, Emil. "Införlivandet av svenska ord i arabiska – hos en svensk-syrisk familj." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415163.

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During the last decade Arabic has become the second most common mother tongue in Sweden, so the relationship between Swedish and Arabic is a relatively new area of interest. The purpose of this study is to examine the incorporation of Swedish words into Arabic among Arabic speakers in Sweden. The primary source is an in-depth interview of three fluent speakers of Arabic and Swedish (with origins in Damascus, Syria). My aim was to examine which Swedish words are used in Arabic by Arabic speakers in Sweden and how they are used. Regarding which words are used, my hypothesis was that I would find support for the pattern of how word borrowing functions in general, i.e. that the language follows power; loan words tend to be borrowed from powerful languages and cultures. Thus, I intended to examine whether a similar tendency would also be demonstrated in this study, that is, if the individual L2-words used while speaking L1 were associated with power and authorities. The interview manifested an overrepresentation of words that could be associated with power, but no clear support that this was a correlative relationship. Other factors, such as the simultaneous introduction of the word and the phenomenon, were found to be more plausible. With regards to how words are used, my proposition was that the person having left the L1-environment (in this case Syria) at the oldest age would, in analogy with the prevalent notion concerning L1-attrition in general, incorporate the L2 into the L1 to a greater extent than other interviewees. The study found that the interviewee who had left her L1-environment at oldest age did adapt the Swedish words to Arabic phonology and morphology to a greater extent.

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Venanzi, Alessia. "Gli Aramei in Siria del Sud nei secoli IX-VIII a.C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040211.

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Les Araméens sont une population qui apparait dans le territoire de la Syrie et de la Mésopotamie actuelle au début du premier millénaire avant J.-C. A partir du Xe siècle, ils se transforment de population nomade à population sédentaire, en créant des États territoriaux qui prennent le nom de byt, suivi par le nom du fondateur de chaque dynastie locale. Le présent travail, en partant de l’épineuse question ethnique, cherche à déterminer les caractéristiques des Araméens en particulier en Syrie du Sud aux IXe-VIIIe siècles, pendant la montée du royaume de Damas, et ses relations avec les populations voisines, parmi lesquelles les Israëlites qui se sont confrontés avec eux plusieurs fois pendant des périodes alternées de guerres et de paix. Il s’agit d’une étude détaillée de la région méridionale de la Syrie qui s’appuie sur l’analyse des sources épigraphiques (inscriptions araméennes, annales assyriennes et passages bibliques) et sur les données archéologiques des sites de “possible” occupation araméenne au Sud de Damas, en Palestine et en Jordanie du Nord. A travers la comparaison des ces données, j’ai cherché à fournir une reconstruction vraisemblable du contexte historique du royaume de Damas aux IXe-VIIIe siècles av. J.-C., de la figure du souverain Hazael et de l’ expansion politique de son royaume jusqu’à la soumission par les Assyriens
The Arameans are a population settled in the territory of modern Syria and Mesopotamia in the first millennium BC. Starting from the tenth century, they gradually leave their nomadic lifestyle to turn into a sedentary population by creating territorial states under the name of “Byt”, after the name of the founder of each local dynasty. In this work, starting from the controversial question about ethnics, we seek to determine the representative characteristics of Aramaeans, especially for those settled in southern Syria in the ninth-eighth centuries, during the rise of the Damascus kingdom. We investigate this latter relationships with neighboring populations, especially the Israelites who were confronted with them several times during alternate periods of war and peace. This is a detailed study of the southern part of Syria based on the analysis of epigraphic sources (Aramaic inscriptions, Assyrian annals and Bible) and archaeological data coming from some sites (south of Damascus, Palestine and North Jordan ) known to be occupated by Arameans. Through the comparison of these data, we try to provide a plausible reconstruction of the historical context of the kingdom of Damascus in the ninth-eighth centuries BC., the figure of the king Hazael, its political expansion till its falling due to the Assyrians domination

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Dayoub, Bassam. "L'expansion urbaine de Damas extra muros depuis l'époque seldjukide jusqu'à la fin de l'époque mamelouke : l'exemple de quartier d'al-Midan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H064.

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Le quartier d'al-Mïdan est un exemple judicieux pour présenter l'histoire et le développement de l'expansion urbaine extra-muros de la ville de Damas. En effet, son expansion s'est poursuivie sans interruption au fil des siècles. Longeant la Rue principale vers la Terre Sainte, l'Égypte et la Palestine, ce quartier a été divisé en trois parties (Nord, Centre et Sud) afin d'en faciliter son étude. Le quartier s'est développé à partir des villages des premières tribus arabes installées aux alentours de la muraille (VIIe et VIII siècle). La partie Nord a été le premier secteur du quartier à connaître un vrai essor dans son urbanisation jusqu'à l'époque ayyoubide (570-658/1174-1260) où le Musalla a été transformé en mosquée (en 606/1211) et où la partie centrale a connu un noyau d'urbanisation. A l'époque Mamelouke (658-923/1258-1516), le village al-Qubaybat est apparu dans le Sud avec sa mosquée, la Mosquée al-Karïmï (en 718/1318). Par la suite, la Mosquée de Manjak a été érigée (avant 826/1423) dans le secteur Central qui a intégré la partie Nord. Suite à cela, al-Qubaybat a perdu son indépendance en intégrant l'unité spatiale du quartier avant l'arrivée des ottomans (en 923/1516). L'étude architecturale de l'ensemble des monuments du quartier d'al-Mïdan révèle une identité spécifique avec, d'une part, l'absence totale de madrasa et, d'autre part, la présence de mausolées mamelouks à deux coupoles. Par ailleurs, le quartier présente le seul exemple dans l'architecture damascène d'un édifice proche du type« sabïl- maq'ad », bien connu au Caire d'époque mamelouke. Les sources historiques et les documents écrits des archives fournissent des listes importantes de monuments du quartier disparus de nos jours. Cela s'ajoute à la liste issue des travaux sur le terrain et permet d'avoir une vue plus complète sur l'histoire de l'urbanisation du quartier. La société a été composée de plusieurs classes: les notables (al-Kubartiou al-A 'yiin) qui ont collaboré avec les militaires pour contrôler les peuple (al-'Amma), sans oublier les grand commençants et les milices locales appelées « al-Zu 'ur ». Le pouvoir était représenté par un walï, qui avait la responsabilité de le contrôler, d'y maintenir l'ordre et de collecter les impôts. Ce dernier était soutenu dans sa mission par deux autres personnages : le Shaykh al-hara, qui en général était choisi par le pouvoir parmi les élites ou les personnes puissantes du quartier, et le 'Arif al-hara, qui était un des chefs des milices locales « al-Zu 'ur »
The district of al-Mïdan is a perfect example to present the history and development of the extramural expansion of the city of Damascus. Indeed, its expansion has continued without interruption for centuries. On both sides of the main road to the Holy Land and Egypt, the area was divided into three sections (North, Central and South) to facilitate its study. The district started to develop from the villages of the first Arab tribes settled a round the wall (seventh and eighth century AD). The northern part was the first sector to experience a real momentum in its urbanization in the Ayyubid period (570-658 / 1174-1260), where the Musalla was converted into a mosque (in 606/1211) and the central part became the core of urbanization. ln Mamluk times (658-923 / 1258-1516), the town of al-Qubaybat appeared in the South with its alKarimï mosque (in 718/1318). Thereafter, the Jamï Manjak was erected (before 826/1423) in the central area which then incorporated the northern part. Subsequently, al-Qubaybat lost its independence by incorporating into the spatial unity of the area before the arrival of the Ottomans (in 923/1516). The architectural study of the monuments in the district of al-Mïdan reveals a specific identity, total lacking madrasas on the one hand, and on the other band, including: Mamluk mausoleum with two domes. Furthermore, the district has the only example in Damascus of a building approximating to the type "sabïlmaq'ad", well known under the Mamluks in Cairo. The historical sources and written documents of the archives provide important lists of monuments today disappeared. This can be added to the list of the monuments studied and provides a more comprehensive view of the area's urbanization. The social organization was composed of several classes: the notables (al-Kubariï or al-a’yan) who worked with the military to control the people (al-'Amma), without forgetting the well known merchants and local militias called "al-Zu'ur ". The authority was represented by the walï, who was responsible for control, maintaining order and collecting taxes. The walï was supported in his mission by two other persons: Shaykh al-hara, who in general was chosen by the authorities among the elites or powerful people in the district, and the 'Arif al- hara, who was a leader of local militias "al-Zu'ur"

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Totah, Faedah Maria 1966. "Historic preservation, discourses of modernity, and lived experiences in the Old City of Damascus, Syria." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/13065.

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Doerre, Sharon Louise. "Children of the Zawiya : narratives of faith, family, and transformation among Sufi communities in modern Damascus." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12766.

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Hadba, Lujain Ayman. "Noise mapping for an urban area: study case: old city of Damascus, Syria." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41497.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana
Urban Noise is considered to be one of the major problems that emerged from urban growth, which affects negatively the public health and causes a negative impact on the standard of living in the cities, as a result lot of cities took steps to deal with such a problem, but because of the different sources and states of each country in the world it can’t be said that the solutions for each country were the same so it is normal that there are still a lack of action and attention toward urban noise in a lot of urban areas all over the world. Damascus city is the capital of Syria a middle eastern country in the Arab world, located in the west south of Syria with a population of 1.780.000 (CIVIL AFFAIRS RECORDS, CBSSYR, 2011) with a density range between 714 inhabitants/ha in crowded areas to 37 inhabitants/ha in new planned area, because of its role as the capital of Syria; it is considered to be the political and the administrative center, and it suffers from a high population in comparison with the rest of the cities of Syria and a poor urban planning development, as a result Damascus also suffers from high noise levels, mainly generated from the traffic, another reason for the high level of the noise is the lack of public awareness toward the bad effects of it. This research aims to characterize the noise pollution in an urban area in the old city of Damascus, the study can be divided into three steps, first: study the current situation of urban noise in the city of Damascus and determine the main sources of noise, second: compare the measured noise level with the legalization that was set by the ministry of environment, and third: prepare a noise map for the old city using the NMPB96 methodology with CADNA software to characterize the noise level depending on land use maps, population distribution numbers and traffic maps. The noise map of the old city of Damascus can help to determine the noise levels in the old city the main sources and suggest some solution that can be taken considering re-planning the old city to take a step toward more sustainable development for the heart of the old city of Damascus.
Poluição sonora é considerada um dos principais problemas que surgiu como consequência do crescimento urbano, o que afeta negativamente a saúde pública e causa um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida nas cidades. Como resultado, muitas cidades adotaram medidas para lidar com este problema, mas por causa das diferentes fontes e características de cada país no mundo, não pode ser afirmado que as soluções a implementar em cada país sejam as mesmas. A cidade de Damasco é a capital da Síria, país do Oriente Médio, no Mundo Árabe, localizado no sudoeste da Síria com uma população de 1.780.000 (Arquivos dos Assuntos Civis, CBSSYR, 2011) com uma faixa de densidade entre 714 hab / ha em áreas concentradas, e de 37 hab / ha na nova área planeada. Devido à sua função como capital da Síria, é considerada o centro político e administrativo do país. A elevada concentração de população, em comparação com o resto das cidades da Síria, registada em Damasco trouxe como consequência altos níveis de ruído, principalmente gerados a partir do tráfego, mas também devido à falta conscientização do público para os efeitos negativos do ruído. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo caracterizar a poluição sonora em uma área urbana da cidade antiga de Damasco. O estudo pode ser dividido em três etapas, a primeira: estudo da situação atual de ruído urbano na cidade de Damasco e determinar as principais fontes de ruído, segunda: comparar o nível de ruído medido com a legislação que foi definida pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente da Síria, e terceira: desenvolver um mapa de ruído para a cidade antiga de Damasco usando o modelo de cálculo NMPB96 recorrendo ao software CADNA. O mapa de ruído da cidade antiga de Damasco pode ajudar a determinar os níveis de ruído, suas principais fontes de ruído e sugerir soluções que podem ser tomadas considerando o replaneamento da cidade antiga e dar um passo em direção a um desenvolvimento mais sustentável para o centro de Damasco.

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Doerre, Sharon Louise Fernea Robert A. Kapchan Deborah A. "Children of the Zawiya narratives of faith, family, and transformation among Sufi communities in modern Damascus /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3143730.

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Omran, Aws Ali. "Urban Governance in War-Torn Countries Case study: urban governance in Damascus-Syria before and during the conflict." Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108349.

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Omran, Aws Ali. "Urban Governance in War-Torn Countries Case study: urban governance in Damascus-Syria before and during the conflict." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108349.

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Caldwell, Leah Monical. "The Syrian private media and discourse of the development of the Syrian national economy." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1078.

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In 2001, Syria opened its media outlets to private ownership for the first time in over forty years. This thesis conducts a critical discourse analysis of the economic coverage of the sole Syrian political daily newspaper al-Watan and asks how media liberalization in Syria is more so emblematic of pro-market economic reforms as opposed to media reform. In this sense, it is the economic content of al-Watan that signifies how a private media outlet – under the guiding force of “red lines” and other regulatory mechanisms, yet financially “liberated” via advertising revenue and wealthy regime-friendly backers – can demonstrate its utility to the regime by providing a reiteration of its social-market economic policies all the while existing as a public embodiment of the regime’s willingness to embrace a marketized Syrian society. Simply put, al-Watan is a perfect vehicle for propagating the regime’s gradualist pro-market reforms in the public sphere.
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Draper, Thomas J. "Ibn Taymiyyah : the struggles of a mujtahid under the Bahri Mamluk sultans." 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1709519.

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This study examined the context of the Medieval Islamic qadi Ibn Taymiyyah in 14th century Bahri Mamluk Syria and Egypt and his incarcerations and death in prison by order of Sultan Nasser al-Muhammad Qalawun for ijtihad. This study demonstrated Ibn Taymiyyah practiced ijtihad, held the rank of mujtahid, and incurred the wrath of the Sultan. The evidence indicates that Taymiyyah’s independent reasoning held specific social, legal, and political threats to Qalawun, the Bahri Mamluk Sultan, during his third reign. The significant role Taymiyyah’s ijtihad played in the Sultan’s imprisonment calls for a review of previous scholarship emphasizing the role of jealousy by the religious elite and affection for Taymiyyah by the Sultan as significant factors in his conflicts.
Department of History

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Jawich, Lin. "SHAM: Syrian House of Architectural Memory." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/69178.

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Projeto de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura
S.H.A.M (the Syrian House of Architectural Memory) is an acronym to the word ash- Shām, or Sham which means the Levant, in general, and Damascus, in particular in the local spoken tongue. This research proposal is an architectural project intended to fulfil the need and duty of hosting and preserving aspects of Syrian architecture. This preservation is in the shape of indexed, searchable, and accessible archive. The project is conceived to play an important emergent role in the context of the ongoing war, as it aims to salvage and preserve essential assets which are the physical and, to a great length, the non-physical heritage of Syria which, ultimately and hopefully, provides a coherent and objective image of Syria, which may lead to a common ground of Syrian-Syrian consensus. To achieve its objectives, the project is set to obtain, contain, present and produce archival documents on the Syrian architecture, ruralism, and urbanism, thus, emphasizing the importance of the visual memory and its relation culture, not merely to preserving it. The design of the project is heavily influenced by the logic of the damascene vernacular architecture and urbanism, creating a modern structure with a grounded vernacular spirit. In this sense, the building itself manifests the authenticity of the damascene architecture and Syrian identity through its form besides its function. The project is a morphed representation of the typical Mediterranean Syrian house, with its signature inner courtyard and human-scale. We expect this project to relate to the Syrian day-to-day life in addition to the academic, governmental, and professional ones; on an educational level, with its closeness of to Damascus university and the Faculty of Architecture; on s social level, with it being a platform on which Syrian architecture is democratized and presented to all.
S.H.A.M (Syrian House of Architectural Memory/a Casa Síria de Memória Arquitetônica) é acrónimo da palavra ash-Shām, ou Sham, a qual também significa para as pessoas do Levante, a cidade de Damasco. A presente investigação materializa-se em um projeto arquitetónico destinado a atender a necessidade, bem como o dever, de hospedar, preservar, estudar e divulgar a arquitetura síria. Essa preservação tem como cerne um arquivo indexado, pesquisável e acessível. O projeto foi concebido para desempenhar um papel importante e emergente no contexto da guerra em curso, pois visa resgatar e preservar bens essenciais que são o património físico e, em grande medida, reflexo do património imaterial da Síria. Um projecto que , esperançosamente, fornece uma imagem coerente e objetiva do legado civilizacional da Síria, o que pode levar a um ponto comum do consenso Sírio. Na persecução dos seus objetivos, o arquivo proposto vai obter, conter, apresentar e produzir documentos de arquivo sobre a arquitetura, erudita e vernacular, e o urbanismo para enfatizar a importância da memória cultural coletiva, não apenas para preservá-la. O projeto é fortemente influenciado pelas lógicas da arquitetura e urbanismo de Damasco, interpretado e assimilado de modo a criar uma estrutura contemporânea na continuidade do espírito e quadro espacial Sírio. Nesse sentido, o próprio edifício manifesta a autenticidade da arquitetura damascena e da identidade Síria através da sua matriz, qualidades espaciais e forma. O projeto é uma representação transformada da típica casa Síria, de matriz Mediterrânica, com seu pátio interno. Esperamos que este projeto se relacione com a vida quotidiana de Damasco, além da académica, governamental e profissional; ao nível educacional, pela sua proximidade à universidade de Damasco e à Faculdade de Arquitetura; ao nível social, enquanto plataforma na qual a arquitetura síria é democratizada e apresentada a todos.

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Hariri, Alaa Al. "Architecture as frontline: between an art of cohesion and a weapon of oppression." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19389.

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Ao longo das últimas quatro décadas, a região do Levante tem sido o palco constante de guerras que causaram danos humanos e destruição física das cidades e das suas infraestruturas. A violência extrema que tem atingido o território resulta na destruição do tecido socio-urbano, não apenas durante os conflitos, como também nos períodos de reconstrução, uma vez que afecta profundamente a memória colectiva e provoca um enorme impacto na herança tangível e intangível das populações atingidas. Há oito anos que um conflito devastador tem assolado a Síria, onde as cidades se transformaram em campos de batalha. A estrutura social e psicológica foi destruída, um terço das casas foram atingidas e mais de 12 milhões de pessoas tiveram de abandonar as suas casas, partindo para outras zonas mais seguras ou saindo do país. Esta disertacao apresenta uma perspectiva detalhada da cidade de Damasco e das mudanças sociais e urbanas que culminaram no conflito actual. Também aborda algumas das possíveis marcas que a guerra deixará no futuro, tendo em conta a nova Lei 10, que foi a resposta encontrada pelo Governo para a reconstrução das áreas destruídas. A investigação examina ainda os conceitos de urbicídio, espaço e memória, relaçãoionaudo se depuiudo e a maneira adequada para lidar com as linhas sectárias e as memórias de guerra. A disertacao apreresente Beirute como um caso de estudo, analisando a história urbana antes da guerra civil e o período de reconstrução. Em conclusão, esta dissertação apresenta propostas para a região de Ghouta Oriental, no distrito de Damasco, cuja principal cidade, Douma, foi palco de uma das batalhas mais importantes do conflito sírio. Esta área foi escolhida como um exemplo de como se poderá pôr em prática uma estratégia de unificação da sociedade, ligando a cidade aos seus subúrbios através de um trabalho conceptual.
During the past four decades, the Levant area has been a constant host for several wars that caused huge damages on the social level and physical destruction for cities and its infrastructures. This extreme violence in cities has been taken as a tool to destroy also the bonds of socio-urban fabric during the wars, and in the periods of reconstruction, which caused damages in our collective memory as well as dramatic impact in our tangible and intangible heritage. Syria has been suffering from a devastating conflict in which cities became battlegrounds for different wars for eight years and continuing. So far it caused destruction in the physical and social structure and displacement for over twelve million people internally and in other countries in addition to damages to nearly third of the Syrian houses. This dissertation presents a detailed overview of the city of Damascus, its urban and social changes over time leading to the on-going conflict. It also covers the possible impacts in the future by considering the new Law 10 which was the government response to rebuild the destroyed areas as new politic of reconstruction the destructive areas. This research examines the concepts of urbicide, space and memory, in order to define their relation and the best way to deal with division line and war memory. In addition, the research takes Beirut as a case study, by studying the urban history of the city before the civil war and the period of the reconstruction. As conclusion the dissertation presents proposals for Eastern Ghouta in Damascus, which witnessed one of the important battles in the Syrian conflict with it main city Douma. This area has been selected as a sample area to propose a vision of uniting the society through a strategy that links the city with its suburbs by a conceptual work.

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Abbe, Susan. "Der Weg der Sa`dīya." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F22E-6.

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Hanzlíčková, Helena. "Tradiční role a perspektiva instituce orientálního tržiště." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350296.

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the specification of bazaars and the bazaar economy. Bazaar [bāzār] is a Persian word for marketplace, also used in Turkish- çarşi [čarši]. Like the Arabic term souk وسق [súq], bazaar is both the concrete trading place, where many people meet and interact but like the English word market or the French le marché is also understood as a more abstract notion of buying and selling in the sense of demand and supply and it involves small shopping stalls, modern shopping and business avenues and shopping malls as well. Bazaar can refer to a single shopping unit or a street in the frame of the marketplace or outside its boundaries or to the whole business complex. The marketplace has symbolic and social importance indicative of its urban centrality. The souk is seen as one of the quintessential oriental spaces. Clifford Geertz and his own studies of Moroccan and Indonesian rural markets inspired many economic anthropologists to examine the structure of marketplaces in the developing world as products of informational scarcity. The bazaar economy was defined in Clifford Geertz' extremly influential anthropological study on the bazaar economy in Sefrou (1978), a quite small town in Morocco with about 600 shops. Geertz was the first to emphasise the important difference...

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Bishara, Ayman. "Bauklimatische Simulationsverfahren zur Lösung von Entwurfs-, Planungs- und Sanierungsaufgaben in Syrien." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27389.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der Entwicklung, Implementierung, Verifizierung und beispielhaften Anwendung eines thermohygrischen Modells zur Lösung bauklimatisch anspruchsvoller Planungsaufgaben. Als Anwendungsbeispiele dienen zwei Planungsprojekte an kritischen Standorten, ein Sanierungsentwurf für ein Wohngebäude in der warm-trockenen Klimazone (Damaskus) und ein Neubauentwurf für ein Kirchengebäude in der warm- feuchten Klimazone (Latakia). Die Entwicklung des thermohygrischen Berechnungsmodells wurde auf der Grundlage einer vereinfachten Gebäude- Energie- und Feuchtebilanz vorgenommen. Das Modell prognostiziert den thermischen und hygrischen Raumklimaverlauf in Abhängigkeit des Außenklimas, der Baukonstruktion und der Raumnutzung. Die Validität des Modells konnte in einem ersten Schritt am Beispiel eines Archivbaus am Standort Dresden nachgewiesen werden. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde das Modell in seiner Funktionalität (Eingabeparametervariabilität und -flexibilität) erweitert und in das Programm CLIMT (Climate-Indoor-Moisture-Temperature) implementiert. Die Validität der erweiterten Funktionalität des Programms konnte mit Hilfe von Messergebnissen eines Testhauses am Standort Partwitzer See (Brandenburg) sowie den für dieses Gebäude durchgeführten Simulationsergebnissen (Software TRNSYS) nachgewiesen werden. Die Anwendung des entwickelten Programms CLIMT wurde für zwei gehobene bauklimatische Problemstellungen demonstriert. In beiden Fällen handelt es sich um Gebäude, deren historisch gewachsenes Umfeld und deren bautypologische Traditionen maßgebende Planungsaspekte darstellen. Die Standort- Klimazonen beider Gebäude bringen besondere Schwierigkeiten mit sich. Für das Sanierungsplanungsbeispiel „Damaszener Wohnhaus“ wurden die Hauptmerkmale der historischen städtebaulichen Einbindung, der Gebäudezonierung sowie der traditionellen gestalterischen und bautechnischen Gebäudeelemente herausgearbeitet. Im Anschluss daran wurde die historisch- bauklimatische Funktionsweise dieses Gebäudetypus mit zahlreichen CLIMT- Variantenrechnungen näher betrachtet. Die besondere klimatische Schwierigkeit des Standortes Damaskus besteht in den permanent hohen Lufttemperaturen von bis zu 42°C, verbunden mit sehr niedrigen Luftfeuchten und Luftgeschwindigkeiten. Es wurden die beiden wesentlichen bauklimatische Funktionsbereiche, deren maßgebende Eigenschaften und deren Wirkungsweise für das Standortklima analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse bilden eine Hilfestellung für die traditionsbewusste bauklimatische Konzeption ähnlicher Gebäudetypen in dieser Klimazone. Auch für den Anwendungsfall der Neubauplanung eines Kirchenbaus am Standort Al-Rwda (Latakia) wurde eine umfassende bauhistorische Analyse des Gebäudetypus durchgeführt. Es konnten die historisch gewachsenen Hauptmerkmale des byzantinischen bzw. syrischen Sakralbaus in Bezug auf die Gebäudekubatur, Fassadengestaltung, Baustoffwahl und Innenraumgestaltung herausgestellt werden. Die bauklimatische Optimierung des neu zu errichtenden Kirchenbaus wurde mit Hilfe von CLIMT- und DELPHIN- Simulationsstudien vorgenommen. Am Gebäudestandort Latakia bestand die besondere Problemstellung in der Berücksichtigung hoher Luftfeuchten und Temperaturen welche ein erhöhtes Schadenspotenzial für die Außenbauteilkonstruktionen bedingen. Trotz der zahlreichen Randvorgaben der Planung konnten die bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften der gewählten Konstruktionen so weit wie möglich den vorteilhaften historischen Konstruktionseigenschaften angenähert werden so dass Schadensfreiheit gewährleistbar ist und der Energiebedarf weitestgehend minimiert wurde. Auch die Erkenntnisse dieses Kapitels bieten Planungshilfestellungen für den Entwurf ähnlicher Gebäudetypen und sind des Weiteren auf andere Klimazonen, so auch die gemäßigte Klimazone, übertragbar. Die Dissertation leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Entwurfsprozesses indem sie ein praxistaugliches aber dennoch exaktes Bewertungsmodell zur Verfügung stellt und dessen Anwendung im Zusammenspiel der zahlreichen Entwurfsaspekte wie z.B. Städtebau, Nutzungsanforderungen, Statik, Liturgie, Baugeschichte und vor allem Bauklimatik, beispielhaft aufzeigt. Die Ableitung bauklimatischer Regeln bzw. Erkenntnisse konnten für zwei bauklimatisch bedeutende Klimazonen, die warm- feuchte und die warm- trockene Zone, an Hand zweier Entwurfsfelder bzw. Entwurfsbeispiele aufgestellt werden. Die erzielten Erkenntnisse beruhen dabei nicht nur auf der Anwendung des thermohygrischen Gebäudemodells sondern auch auf einer theoretischen Analyse der baugeschichtlichen Vorbilder für die Entwurfsbeispiele der jeweiligen Klimazone.

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Della, Ratta Donatella. "Dramas of the Authoritarian State. The politics of Syrian TV serials in the Pan Arab market." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818854.

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The aim of this research is to reflect on how Syrian TV drama has worked to produce a narrative of 9 society in the context of a liberalized autocracy, such as Bashar al-Asad's Syria appears to be; and how this narrative has been commodified for and promoted on the Pan Arab market. My work focuses on the mechanism by which this form of elite cultural production, in tune with the agenda of the political elites, has elaborated and projected disciplinary and pedagogical messages for the Syrian public. It analyses the forms this subtle mechanism has taken in a market-oriented framework, where neoliberal "fantasies of accommodation and order"6 and for the thrill of consumption and a free choice between a range of lifestyles have given those in power novel ways of inducing compliance, while at the same time spreading new fears of the threat of instability and disorder in an increasingly complex and difficult to comprehend world.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Damascus (Syria)'

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