Academic literature on the topic 'Dance botswana'

This study investigates the in-service training needs of the primary school generalist teacher in Botswana. The findings established that singing is a major cross-curricular activity in schools. Dance on the other hand, despite being the most popular form of entertainment in and outside school, is not regarded as an aspect of music education. Instrumental teaching is virtually non-existent. Teachers' interests in further musical training are influenced by a misconception that singing should be the main activity in music lessons. As a result most are only interested in improving their skills in areas that will improve their singing, such as theory of music to aid sight reading.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. Creative and Performing Arts is a new subject that has been introduced at the primary school level in Botswana. The subject draws its contents from various disciplines such as Arts and Craft, Design and technology, Home Economics, Business Studies, Drama, Dance, Music and Physical Education. The aim of the study is to evaluate the perceptions of the primary school teachers with regards to teaching of the Physical Education component of Creative and Performing Arts curriculum. Nine primary schools in the greater Gaborone area were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire that was designed for the purpose of this study. The Cronbach Alpha was used to test the reliability of the instrument and a value of 0.73 was obtained in the test. The questionnaire was distributed among the primary school teachers who responded to it. Data analysis revealed that teachers were not adequately trained to demonstrate physical education skills and therefore had difficulties in teaching the subject. It is hence recommended that teachers who are required to teach the physical education component of Creative and Performing Arts must be qualified physical education professionals who will be able to correctly demonstrate physical education skills to the learners. In this way, students may be able to benefit from creative and performing arts as a curriculum subject. 本文旨在探討博茨瓦納小學的體育科與創意藝術科的融合，結果顯示需要培訓足夠的教師去教授這些融合的課程。

Botswana, formerly known as the Bechuanaland Protectorate, is a country with diverse tribal and religious cultures. Bakalanga are one of the tribes found in Botswana and also in Westrn Zimbabwe. The Western part of the Zimbabwean Bukalanga region was included in the then Bechuanaland Protectorate when its border with Zimbabwe was fixed. To date, Botswana's traditional music has been passed from generation to generation, entirely orally. The main contribution of this study is collecting, documenting and preserving Bakalanga traditional music-making. After abolishing official usage of the Ikalanga language, at independence in 1966, in the early 1990's the Botswana government re-discovered that a nation without culture is a lost nation. Funds were then set aside to be used annually for the development of culture. In using these funds to revive their culture and traditional music, Bakalanga of North Eastern Botswana declared 21 May to be their annual cultural day. Photographs and video footage of these annual cultural festivals were taken by the researcher to help illustrate certain aspects of Ikalanga music and dance in this thesis. Several factors influencing Ikalanga traditional music were taken into consideration: the historical background of Bakalanga, their relationship with other tribes such as the Amandebele, their education, their language in relation to other languages and the missionary influence. Ikalanga traditional music instruments are described. The Mwali religion, which forms the basis of wosana music, linking Bakalanga of Botswana and those of Zimbabwe through the Njelele sacred place joint annual ceremonies, is discussed at length. Different Ikalanga traditional music types are addressed as follows: • Rain Making/Praying music; Wosana and Mayile • Traditional Music for Happy Occasions and Entertainment; Ndazula, Mukomoto, Woso, Iperu, Tshikitsha, Bhoro and Ncuzu./ Maskhukhu • Traditional Music for Healing Purposes; Mazenge (Shumba), Sangoma and Mantshomane. All the above music types are practised within Bukalanga communities publicly, with the exception of mazenge, which is regarded as sacred and private. Bhoro is also extinct in Zimbabwe. The notation of Ikalanga traditional basic musical themes is provided, except for mazenge and ncuzu. which were not found anywhere during this research.
Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Music
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