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Cookney, D. "Masked : depictions of anonymity in electronic dance music." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36101/.
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This thesis explores anonymity as an aspect of identity construction within electronic dance music (EDM). Its specific focus is on the production and control of image within genres that have arisen since the development and expansion of the club scene in the UK from the latter part of the 20th century and, then situated in visual culture and performance research, its examination of anonymity represents an area that, to date, has been overlooked in EDM. As part of this investigation, the thesis’ chapters notably analyse elements that are external to music recordings including record sleeve design and press interviews: components that are essential elements in the development and distribution of these performative identities. Following Thornton (1995), Rietveld (1998), Hesmondhalgh (1998a) and Gilbert and Pearson (1999), the research critically reviews a range of issues that are determined as associated with these representations – including the influence of technologies, a resistance to mainstream assimilation and the impact of collective ‘scene’ – while explaining some of EDM’s distinctions and hierarchies within a post-subcultural setting. To do this it uses case studies focusing on the approaches of Daft Punk, Burial, Zomby and SBTRKT: examples that are presented as unique demonstrations of image construction within the field. It also places the role of identity within a more expansive history of electronic music by aligning contemporary practice with the earlier presented image of Kraftwerk. Ultimately, and while observing this lineage of often counterintuitive practices, the thesis argues that the EDM producer’s separation from the high visibility ‘star system’ model favoured by pop and rock performers reflects commitment to a marginal status: a commitment also communicated through its visual aesthetics that reinforce an underground cultural context to celebrate the peripheral whilst, simultaneously, highlighting the EDM producer’s perceived condition as that which is inferior to his or her rock counterpart.
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Kiriwat, Amolwan. "Khon: masked dance drama of the Thai epic Ramakien." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KiriwatAX2001.pdf.
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Murdoch, J. L. "Unmasking Talchum: An Embodied Inquiry into Korea’s Masked Dance-Drama." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300734669.
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Amaral, Ivoneides Maria Batista do. "A performance cultural na Dança dos Mascarados." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/77.
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O conceito de performance cultural, enquanto proposta dramatúrgica foi articulada através da junção dos estudos de Schechner e Turner, da concepção de que todo comportamento restaurado é uma performance, procurando revelar o caráter dinâmico, vivo e transformador próprio da comunidade (DAWSEY, 2013). A performance cultural ocorre em diferentes contextos sociais, em cada performance, criam-se novas configurações, novos espaços e espectadores. Neste trabalho, observamos a Dança dos Mascarados de Poconé composta por 28 homens que se vestem com máscaras e roupas coloridas para a realização do ritual coletivo, desempenhando uma conexão entre os dançantes e a comunidade. Pensando na Dança dos Mascarados como Performance cultural, é possível pensar na dança como uma ação extra cotidiana, uma arte da presença e uma ação coletiva. A dança interrompe as experiências rotineiras e se inscreve numa nova temporalidade.
The concept of the cultural performance, as dramaturgical proposal was articulated through Schechner and Turner’s studies, of conception that all restored behavior is a performance trying to reveal the dynamic character, living and community own transformer (DAWSEY, 2013). The cultural performance occurs in different social contexts, each performance, creates new configurations, new spaces and spectators. In this study, we observed the Dança dos Mascarados of Poconé, composed by 28 men who dress up with masks and colorful clothes, for the realization of collective ritual, playing a connection between the dancers and the community. Thinking in the Dança dos Mascarados as a cultural performance, it is possible to think in the dance as a daily extra action, an art of presence and a collective action. The dance interrupts the routine experiences and is part of a new temporality.
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Agg, Katia. "Máscara corporal : aspectos técnicos-poéticos na composição do corpo cênico sob a perspectiva do intérprete interativo." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284581.
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Orientador: Marília Vieira SoaresTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: A partir do olhar sobre a máscara e sua efetiva atuação no corpo cênico, desencadeou-se o interesse em pesquisar a maneira pela qual a essência deste elemento milenar, presente desde a origem da dança, pode manifestar-se na dança cênica da atualidade. Para tanto, este estudo parte da premissa de uma perspectiva integralizadora dos elementos de cena, tais como iluminação, cenário e figurino, para a expansão do entendimento e conseqüente composição da Máscara Corporal. Tal entendimento passa pela reflexão realizada por meio dos registros históricos no que se refere ao uso da máscara na dança cênica ocidental e dialoga com personalidades do cenário artístico atual da dança e do teatro. Os Laboratórios Corporais (LabCor 1 e 2) consolidaram a busca por referências aos questionamentos de como, quando e de que maneira a máscara corporal atua no processo criativo e potencializa o corpo cênico. Os laboratórios contaram ainda com o uso da saia e da luz negra como provocadores criativos do exercício cênico Aliança. Reconhece-se, assim, a máscara corporal como impulsionadora desse processo, ao propiciar ao corpo a sua desterritorialização, ou seja, um estado de suspensão promovido pelo distanciamento do corpo cotidiano e de seus referenciais já conhecidos. Ademais, a potencialidade transformadora, inerente à máscara, revela-se na relação do corpo com outros elementos cênicos na busca pela emergência de um Quem que dança ao interagir com o corpo cênico em outro tempo/espaço
Abstract: From the glance on the mask and its effective acting in the scenic body, the interest was awoken in investigating the way for which the essence of this thousand-year-old, present element, that is present since the origin of the dance, can manifest itself in the current scenic dance. To that end, this study starts from the premise of an integrated perspective of the scenic elements, such as lighting, scenery and costume, for the expansion of the understanding and consequent construction of the Physical Mask. This understanding occurs through the reflection carried out by means of the historical records of the mask use in the scenic western dance and interacts with personalities from the artistic current scenery of the dance and of the theater. The Physical Laboratories (LabCor 1 and 2) consolidated the search for references to the following questions: how, when and in which way the physical mask acts in the creative process and it intensifies the staging body. Over the laboratories there was still the use of the skirt as well as the black light as creative provocateurs of the scenic exercise Aliança. The physical mask is recognized like an impulse of this process, while it provides the body its deterritorialization, in other words, a state of suspension promoted by the distance of the daily body and of its already known referential systems. Furthermore, the transformative potentiality, which is intrinsic to the mask, is exposed in the relation of the body with other scenic elements in the search of the emergence of the one who dances while interacting with the scenic body in another time / space
Doutorado
Artes Cenicas
Doutor em Artes
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Nielsen, Helen L. "Emotion experience and physiology in response to masked and non-masked presentations of emotional pictures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280373.
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Recent theories propose that subtle emotional feelings can guide decision-making when insufficient information about the source of those feelings exists. To assess whether emotion experiences possess the properties necessary to play this functional role, subjects in the present study reported on feelings elicited by visually masked emotional pictures. Potential sources of individual differences in the ability to discriminate subtle "gut feelings" were also explored. 16 long-term meditators and 18 non-meditators viewed a series of pictures with pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant content, both masked and nonmasked, and reported on experienced valence and arousal, while measures of skin conductance (SCR), facial electromyography (EMG), and heart rate (HR) were simultaneously recorded. Masked emotional pictures did not elicit discriminatory SCR or EMG responses. HR discriminated among masked pictures by arousal, but not by valence. Both meditators and controls discriminated among masked stimuli in self-reported arousal, but only non-meditators demonstrated accurate valence discrimination. Unpleasant pictures were better discriminated from neutral pictures than were pleasant pictures. Ability to detect feelings elicited by masked stimuli was unrelated to heartbeat detection ability, cardiac vagal tone, or self-reported attention to emotional states, though self-reported emotional clarity predicted better arousal discrimination. It is proposed that awareness of emotion experience may involve both a visceral awareness and a non-visceral awareness of feeling qualities. Long-term meditation practice of the type adopted by participants in the present study, with its focus on the former, may reduce access to non-visceral feeling states.
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Bronfman, Beverly. "Gavarni and the Opéra Masked Ball." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55817.
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The theme of the parisian Carnival masked balls at the Opéra became synonymous with the nineteenth-century French graphic artist Guillaume Sulpice Chevalier, known as Gavarni (1804-1866). Between 1830 and 1853, he produced more than two hundred lithographs of the subject, which usually appeared in the contemporary popular press. These depictions and their telling captions--snippets of actual conversations--evoke the essential esprit of the occasion. A compelling visual chronicle emerges from Gavarni's imagery of the Opéra masked halls, which uniquely captures the contemporary manners and mores of Parisian society. This dissertation is a close visual analysis of Gavarni's treatment of the phenomenon, which draws upon contemporary literary accounts to substantiate and elucidate the meanings of his prints.Le thème des bals masqués de l'Opéra est intimement lié au peintre et graveur français du XIXe siècle Guillaume Sulpice Chevalier, dit Gavarni (1804-1866). Entre 1830 et 1853, celui-ci a produit plus de deux cents lithographies sur ce sujet, dont la majorité ont été publiées dans la presse populaire de l'époque. Ces scènes et les légendes qui les accompagnent--bribes de conversations réelles-évoquent l'esprit des bals. Chronique visuelle irrésistible, ces gravures dépeignent les moeurs et les manières de la société parisienne de l'époque. La présente thèse propose une analyse visuelle rigoureux du traitement de ce phénomène par Gavarni qui s'appuyer sur des témoignages littéraires contemporains pour élucider le sens de ses gravures. fr
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Bronfman, Beverly. "Gavarni and the Opera masked ball." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50118.pdf.
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Thayaparan, Abirami. "Novel carboranes and masked amino acids." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414167.
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Price, Mark C. "Processing and awareness of masked stimuli." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385508.
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Karabaeva, Kanykey E. "Photochemistry of Masked Pyrene-4,5-Dione." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371083757.
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Bodner, Glen Edward. "Prime validity affects masked repetition and masked semantic priming : evidence for an episodic resource-retrieval account of priming." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ52754.pdf.
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Schwarzbach, Jens. "Priming of eye movements by masked stimuli." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960669604.
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Medhat, Fady. "Masked conditional neural networks for sound recognition." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21594/.
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Sound recognition has been studied for decades to grant machines the human hearing ability. The advances in this field help in a range of applications, from industrial ones such as fault detection in machines and noise monitoring to household applications such as surveillance and hearing aids. The problem of sound recognition like any pattern recognition task involves the reliability of the extracted features and the recognition model. The problem has been approached through decades of crafted features used collaboratively with models based on neural networks or statistical models such as Gaussian Mixtures and Hidden Markov models. Neural networks are currently being considered as a method to automate the feature extraction stage together with the already incorporated role of recognition. The performance of such models is approaching handcrafted features. Current neural network based models are not primarily designed for the nature of the sound signal, which may not optimally harness distinctive properties of the signal. This thesis proposes neural network models that exploit the nature of the time-frequency representation of the sound signal. We propose the ConditionaL Neural Network (CLNN) and the Masked ConditionaL Neural Network (MCLNN). The CLNN is designed to account for the temporal dimension of a signal and behaves as the framework for the MCLNN. The MCLNN allows a filterbank-like behaviour to be embedded within the network using a specially designed binary mask. The masking subdivides the frequency range of a signal into bands and allows concurrent consideration of different feature combinations analogous to the manual handcrafting of the optimum set of features for a recognition task. The proposed models have been evaluated through an extensive set of experiments using a range of publicly available datasets of music genres and environmental sounds, where they surpass state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks and several hand-crafted attempts.
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Tan, Ying 1968. "Atom interferometry with phase-masked optical fields." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8289.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-180).
We have investigated the use of two-photon induced spin excitation for applications to atom interferometry for lithography and rotation sensing. Our efforts have been grouped into two parts: theoretical study of schemes for nanolithography, and experimental investigation of novel schemes for rotation sensing. For lithography, we have concentrated on designing and studying theoretical models that would allow the creation of two-dimensional lithographic patterns with nanometer scale features. Specifically, We have developed a theoretical model for realizing a two-dimensional interferometer capable of producing periodic structures with a feature size of less than 10 nm. Fundamentally, this process uses the two-photon induced spin excitation for splitting atomic waves. We first extended this model to achieve a large degree of splitting via use of multiple pulses, and then showed how the process can be generalized to two orthogonal dimensions with independent controls. We have also designed a scheme for producing arbitrary two-dimensional features using atom interferometry. This process makes use of a phase mask imprinted on a laser pulse, guiding of atomic waves, and atom interferometry in order to produce any desired pattern, with features that can also be only a few nm's in size. For rotation sensing, we have realized experimentally a novel scheme that opens up a new way of controlling the interferometer contour. It may prove to be very robust for practical applications such as gravity gradiometry as well.
(cont.) This process uses a single optical zone with two counter-propagating optical frequencies. The zone can be compartmented into small sections, and the optical phase of each section can be switched between 0 and n in a variable pattern. We have shown via simulations that a wide range of split-wave contours can be realized, including multiple loops of varying areas. Experimentally, we have demonstrated a preliminary version of this scheme. We have demonstrated the atomic interference via scanning the phase of a part of the optical beam. When realized in conjunction with trapped atoms, this scheme is expected to yield a rotation sensing ability that is comparable to the three-zone Raman interferometer. However, it has the advantage of being robust against angular misalignment and differential light shifts. Furthermore, it opens up the possibility of realizing atomic interferometry with dynamically tunable contours.
by Ying Tan.
Ph.D.
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Patel, Vatsa Sanjay. "Masked Face Analysis via Multitask Deep Learning." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1619637677725646.
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Brzezinski, David. "Palladium-Catalyzed Amide Formation via Masked Isocyanates." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41598.
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Amides are one of the most common functional groups in biological systems and in
bioactive molecules. Arguably the most direct way to form amides is via the condensation of an
amine onto a carboxylic acid. This reaction is notoriously difficult and has stimulated much
development, including the developments of new reagents and catalysts to perform this
transformation under milder conditions. More broadly, amide formation continues to be of high
importance and the incorporation of emerging transformations utilizing new disconnections are
complimentary to existing routes.
Isocyanates are the simplest electrophiles containing the desired NCO motif and have a
large presence in the polymer (e.g. polyurethane) and paint industries. In addition, isocyanates
have been utilized for amide formation with various nucleophiles in a stoichiometric and catalytic
fashion, but the inherent functional group intolerance associated with the high reactivity of
isocyanate largely remains. Efforts have been made to address such limitations of isocyanates,
including the use of a blocking group which allow for in situ release of the isocyanate while using
a bench stable masked (blocked) isocyanate precursor. Changes to the blocking group structure
have direct correlations to the stability and reactivity of the precursor, which helps in suppressing
common side reactions observed with free isocyanates such as polymerization or oligomerization.
Incorporation of a blocking group strategy in catalytic amide forming reactions has the
power to unlock the potential of isocyanates with reactivity that would not be attainable with free
isocyanates. Reports imparting this strategy exemplify the power of a blocking group with
increased applicability and functional group tolerance compared to reactions with the free
isocyanate counterpart. The implementation of this strategy for catalytic amide formation is sparse
including only two reports with a rhodium catalyst. Utilization of different metals could broaden
the scope of reactivity allowing for extensions that the rhodium (I) catalyst cannot do.
The development of a palladium-catalyzed amide synthesis via masked isocyanates was
targeted (Chapter 2). Indeed, implementation of a blocking group strategy with alkyl and aryl
isocyanates allowed for efficient synthesis of amides with electron rich and mildly deficient aryl
boroxine nucleophiles. Catalysis was achieved with 1 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 and 2 mol% of SPhos at
50 ℃ with Et3N to aid in the deblocking of the isocyanate. Several control experiments were
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conducted to obtain mechanistic insight including what mechanism may be operative as well as
the necessity of this blocking group strategy. Kinetic studies were performed using the variable
time normalization analysis method and have yielded the following information: 1) the presence
of catalyst decomposition, 2) that the rate determining step involved the catalyst, boroxine, and
masked isocyanate, and 3) that the rate determining step is likely the insertion into the isocyanate.
In summary, palladium catalysts can achieve catalysis with masked isocyanates to facilitate
amide formation under appropriate conditions. With limited reports of masked isocyanates in
catalysis, this reactivity could act as a steppingstone for developments of reactivity that are held back with the use of free isocyanates.
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Jackson, Wendy M. "Conspecific nest parasitism in the Northern Masked Weaver /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5183.
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Fischer, Rico, Franziska Plessow, and Andrea Kiesel. "The effects of alerting signals in masked priming." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127250.
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Alerting signals often serve to reduce temporal uncertainty by predicting the time of stimulus onset. The resulting response time benefits have often been explained by facilitated translation of stimulus codes into response codes on the basis of established stimulus-response (S-R) links. In paradigms of masked S-R priming alerting signals also modulate response activation processes triggered by subliminally presented prime stimuli. In the present study we tested whether facilitation of visuo-motor translation processes due to alerting signals critically depends on established S-R links. Alerting signals resulted in significantly enhanced masked priming effects for masked prime stimuli that included and that did not include established S-R links (i.e., target vs. novel primes). Yet, the alerting-priming interaction was more pronounced for target than for novel primes. These results suggest that effects of alerting signals on masked priming are especially evident when S-R links between prime and target exist. At the same time, an alerting-priming interaction also for novel primes suggests that alerting signals also facilitate stimulus-response translation processes when masked prime stimuli provide action-trigger conditions in terms of programmed S-R links.
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Ng, Anna. "Taste-masked and controlled-release formulations of chloroquine." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267929.
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Abbring, Veenemans Arielle Annemarie. "Visual attention : what becomes of a masked target ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB213.
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Quand un stimulus visuel de haut contraste précède et puis succède à la présentation d'une cible de faible contraste à la même position, la cible peut devenir non-reconnaissable ou même non-détectable. Cet effet de masquage a été étudié en profondeur et beaucoup de ses paramètres sont bien définis. Mais en utilisant une nouvelle méthode avec une séquence de masques et de cibles en mouvement, il est maintenant possible de séparer de manière perceptuelle et attentionnelle la cible des masques tout en conservant l'ordre d'apparition des masques et de la cible à chaque endroit. Cette thèse utilise cette technique de stimuli en mouvement pour répondre à trois questions qui ne pourraient pas être résolu en utilisant une méthode de masquage conventionnelle. Dans la première série d'expériences on a testé si l'attention portée au masque influence l'impact de celle-ci sur la cible. Nous avons utilisé un écran où une séquence masque-cible-masque apparaît à une position puis à chaque 'frame' suivant elle apparaît à la position adjacente. Cette méthode permet à l'observateur de suivre attentionellement la cible sur son trajet, tout en évitant les masques distracteurs qui paraissent être à côté de la cible spatialement et non temporellement. Quand les masques sont efficaces, la position de la cible paraît être vide. Nous comparons l'efficacité du masquage quand l'attention n'est pas dirigée vers les masques, à l'efficacité du masquage quand l'attention ne peut pas éviter les masques, comme dans le masquage conventionnel. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune différence significative entre les deux conditions attentionnelles, ce qui indique que l'attention portée sur les masques ne module pas leur efficacité. Ensuite nous avons testé l'importance de l'espacement dans la séquence masque-cible-masque. Il n'y avait pas plus de masquage quand les espacements étaient réduits, ce qui suggère que le masquage n'est pas le résultat de masquage latéral ou de 'crowding' (encombrement spatial) aux distances testées. Enfin nous avons comparé la contribution de chaque masque: celui qui précède la cible (le pré-masque) et celui qui suit la cible (post-masque). Nous avons trouvé que le pré-masque génère la majorité de l'effet de masquage tandis que le post-masque a peu d'influence. Dans la seconde série d'expériences nous avons étudié ce qu'il advient du stimulus masqué. En baissant le contraste de la cible juste en dessous de son seuil de détection et en lui donnant une couleur saillante, nous avons découvert un stade intermédiaire où les caractéristiques ('features') de la cible sont reportées à la position d'un des masques. Avec une série d'expérience nous avons montré que la cible est intégrée avec le masque qui la suit directement et temporellement à la même position. Finalement nous avons étudié si un stimulus qui est masqué à un niveau invisible peut quand même exercer une influence sur une cible proche dans un arrangement de crowding. Nous avons comparé la détection d'une cible avec deux flankers (distracteurs adjacent) dans la zone de crowding, à la détection d'une cible quand les deux flankers sont masqué et que leur position paraît être vide. Pour conclure, la méthode de séquence en mouvement a révélé de nouvelles caractéristiques du masquage qui ne pouvaient pas être examinées en utilisant des techniques de masquage conventionnelles. Premièrement nous avons découvert que l'efficacité du masque est comparable que l'attention soit dirigée sur le masque ou non. Deuxièmement nous avons montré que les caractéristiques d'une cible qui est supprimée à sa position physique peuvent apparaître à la position du masque qui la suit temporellement. Et finalement, nous avons examiné l'effet de flankers masqués sur une cible dans un arrangement de crowdingWhen high contrast visual stimuli precede and follow a low contrast target at the same location, the target may become unrecognizable and even undetectable. This masking effect has been extensively studied and many of its parameters are well characterized. However, using a new technique with a moving sequence of masks and targets it is now possible to perceptually and attentionally separate the target from the masks while retaining the same temporal order of masks and target at each location. This thesis exploits this moving stimulus technique to ask three questions that could not be addressed in standard masking paradigms. In the first series of experiments we looked at whether attention to the mask affected its impact on the target. We used a display where the mask-target-mask sequence appears at one location and on each subsequent frame it appears in the adjacent location. This allows observers to attentively track the target across locations without attending to the masks which appear perceptually adjacent in space rather than in time. When the masks are effective, the observer sees a blank space at the target location. We compare the effectiveness of this masking when the masks are unattended to the effectiveness when the masks are attended as in standard masking. We found no significant difference between the two attentional conditions suggesting that attention to the masks does not modulate their effectiveness. We next examined the importance of the spacing within the mask-target-mask sequences. There was no increase in the masking effect as spacing was reduced, suggesting that the masking was not a consequence of lateral masking or crowding at the spacings we tested. Finally, we compared the contributions of each mask individually: the one that preceded the target (pre-mask) and the one that followed (post-mask). We found that the pre-mask generated the majority of the masking effect while the post-mask was of little influence. In the second series of studies we investigated the fate of a masked stimulus. By lowering the target contrast just below its detection threshold and giving it a salient color, we found an intermediate, "lurking" stage where the target's features migrate to one of the mask locations. Through a succession of experiments we found that the target is integrated with the mask directly following it in time at the same location. Finally we looked at whether a stimulus that is masked to invisibility can still exert influence over nearby targets in a crowding array. We compared the detection of a crowded target with two flankers, compared to the detection of a target when the two adjacent flankers are masked so that their locations appear empty. In conclusion, the moving sequence technique revealed new characteristics of masking that could not be examined in standard masking paradigms. First, we found that the effectiveness of a mask was the same whether it is attended or not. Second, we showed that once a masked target has been suppressed from its physical location, its features can be found "lurking" at the location of the mask that follows the target in time. Finally, we examined the effect of masked flankers on a target in a crowding paradigm
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Kliegl, Reinhold, Michael E. J. Masson, and Eike M. Richter. "A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5707/.
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We examined individual differences in masked repetition priming by re-analyzing item-level response-time (RT) data from three experiments. Using a linear mixed model (LMM) with subjects and items specified as crossed random factors, the originally reported priming and word-frequency effects were recovered. In the
same LMM, we estimated parameters describing the distributions of these effects across subjects. Subjects’ frequency and priming effects correlated positively with each other and negatively with mean RT. These correlation estimates, however, emerged only with a reciprocal transformation of RT (i.e., -1/RT), justified on the basis of distributional analyses. Different correlations, some with opposite sign, were obtained (1) for untransformed or logarithmic RTs or (2) when correlations were computed using within-subject analyses. We discuss the relevance of the new results for accounts of masked priming, implications of applying RT transformations, and the use of LMMs as a tool for the joint analysis of experimental effects and associated individual differences.
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Rohr, Michaela [Verfasser]. "Masked processing of emotional information beyond valence / Michaela Rohr." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060621762/34.
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Wu, Hongmei. "Mechanisms of Masked Priming: Testing the Entry Opening Model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228453.
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Since it was introduced in Forster and Davis (1984), masked priming has been widely adopted in the psycholinguistic research on visual word recognition, but there has been little consensus on its actual mechanisms, i.e. how it occurs and how it should be interpreted. This dissertation addresses two different interpretations of masked priming, one based on the Interactive Activation Model (McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981), in which priming is seen as a result of persisting activation from the prime, the other based on the Entry Opening Model (Forster & Davis, 1984), which sees priming as a savings effect. Five experiments are reported testing contrasting hypotheses about the role of prime duration and prime-target asynchrony (SOA) in masked priming using both identity and form priming. Overall, this dissertation lends support to the Entry Opening Model, demonstrating that masked priming is essentially a savings effect, and that as such, it is determined by the SOA, not the prime duration per se.
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Delahaye, Roel. "Across-channel effects on masked signal thresholds in hearing." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298877.
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Muchenje, Lovejoy. "Determination of Backup Alarm Masked Threshold in Construction Noise." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33419.
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Sound transmission devices have advanced filtering abilities that theoretically protect the ear from harmful Masking noise while amplifying the sounds that need to be heard, such as backup alarms. Therefore, such devices should provide improved signal detection in noise when compared to their passive counterparts. The masked threshold of a vehicular backup alarm was determined for audiometrically normal and non-normal hearers using two types of sound transmission devices and their passive counterparts within pink noise and milling machine noise at intensities of 75, 85, 95 and 105 dBA. Results indicated that the sound transmission devices did not have any statistically significant advantages over the passive devices with respect to masked threshold of a backup alarm. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that these devices offer advantage over similar passive devices with respect to signal detection. Additionally, ratings of comfort and the ability to detect the alarm for each device were gathered. Both scales did not show any significant differences between the two device types.Master of Science
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Lin, Chun Hung. "Automatic Question Generation with Pre-trained Masked Language Models." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289559.
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In this project, we study the task of generating a question from a given passage-answer pair using pre-trained masked language models. Asking questions is of importance in artificial intelligence development because it makes a machine look intelligent when it raises a reasonable and well-constructed question. Also, question generation has its applications such as drafting questions for a reading comprehension test and augmenting data for expanding the training set of a question answering task. We focus on using pre-trained masked language models throughout this project. Masked language modeling is relatively new in question generation, but it has been being explored in the machine translation domain. In our experiments, we used two training techniques and two types of generation orderings. We are the first to adopt one of these training techniques for the question generation task. In our evaluation, n-gram based precision-recall evaluation and a human evaluation were conducted for comparing and analyzing. The experiment results showed that the best of our methods was as good as LSTM-based methods by comparing the results with the previous research literature. Moreover, all combinations of the training techniques and the generation orderings are acceptable according to our human evaluation results. We also demonstrated that one of our techniques enables us to control how long the generated question would be.I detta projekt studerar vi uppgiften att generera en fråga från ett givet par av ett textstycke och ett svar med förtränade maskerade språkmodeller. Att ställa frågor är viktigt i utvecklingen av artificiell intelligens eftersom det får en maskin att se intelligent ut när den ställer en rimlig och välkonstruerad fråga. Frågegenerering har också sina applikationer som att formulera frågor för ett läsförståelsetest och att utöka datamängder som kan användas för att träna frågebesvarande program. Vi fokuserar på att använda förtränade maskerade språkmodeller under hela detta projekt. Maskerade språkmodeller är relativt nya i samband med frågegenerering men det har undersökts i maskinöversättningsdomänen. I våra experiment använde vi två träningstekniker och två typer av genereringsordningar. Vi är de första att anta en av dessa träningstekniker för frågegenerering. För utvärdering använde vi n-grambaserad precision-täckning. Vi gjorde även en utvärdering med försökspersoner. Experimentresultaten visade att den bästa metoden var lika bra som LSTM-baserade metoder genom att jämföra resultaten med den tidigare forskningslitteraturen. Dessutom är alla kombinationer av träningsteknikerna och genereringsordningarna acceptabla enligt våra mänskliga utvärderingsresultat. Vi visade också att den nyligen föreslagna tekniken gör det möjligt för oss att kontrollera hur lång den genererade frågan skulle vara.
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Tims, William Keith. "Masks and Sartre's Imaginary: Masked Performance and the Imaging Consciousness." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_diss/10.
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The use of masks in performance and actor training is often linked to the imagination, but there is seldom discussion of the nature of this imaginary link. Using the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre (most especially his work The Imaginary) and the writings of modern mask theorists, this dissertation examines the relationship between masks and the imaging consciousness in both masked actors and the audiences who observe them. We discover that a mask is an analogon for an Other and that a mask authorizes games of identity which play out imaginatively in the performance milieu. In fact, generally speaking, a mask in performance is apprehended in a more imaginative way than a non-masked performance. Further than this, the mask illustrates the basic nature of the human consciousness and identity espoused by Sartre: that who we are is not a product of our psychology, but rather, the product of our imaginations and our choices. The dissertation concludes by suggesting that masks point to an alternative approach to character creation which likewise rejects psychology, and instead relies on physicality, abstraction, and ambiguity, all of which are essential to activating the imaging consciousness.
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Speranza, Filippo. "Binocular detection of masked signals in young and old observers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41044.pdf.
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Tims, W. Keith. "Masks and Sartre's Imaginary masked performance and the imaging consciousness /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04182007-210215/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Greg Smith, committee chair; Angelo Restivo, Gayle Austin, Shirlene Holmes, Thomas Flynn, Raphael Miller, committee members. Electronic text (252 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wang, Xin. "Bilingual Lexical Representation and Processing: Evidence from Masked Priming Studies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195105.
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Most bilingual lexical models assume that L1 and L2 either share the same semantic system, or are distinguished at the semantic level but connected through lexical associations. For example, the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) assumes the stronger access from L2 to concepts via the L1 lexical representation at the early stage of L2 acquisition and direct access to concepts after L2 proficiency is achieved. However, the model is not well supported by subsequent empirical evidence, and encounters difficulty in explaining cross-language priming data. The recently developed Sense Model (Finkbeiner, M., Forster, K., Nicol, J., & Nakamura, K., 2004) assumes a direct access from the L2 form to its related meaning and argues for the representational asymmetry in lexical semantics between L1 and L2. This model was designed to account for the translation asymmetry and task effect in the masked priming literature: L2-L1 priming is not observed in lexical decision due to the small proportion of L1 senses activated by the L2 prime; however, the category provides a context which restricts L1 sense activation and thus enhances the effectiveness of the L2 prime in semantic categorization. This dissertation reports the results of several semantic categorization experiments designed to test several assumptions of the Sense Model. Experiments 1-4 investigated whether the Category Restriction Hypothesis assumed by the Sense Model was empirically supported when congruence effects are minimized. The results showed that translation priming could be obtained for exemplars when congruence effects were controlled, but that there were no effects for non-exemplars, as predicted by the Sense Model. Subsequent experiments showed that category size is an important variable, since L2-L1 priming was not obtained with large categories (e.g., living thing), which was taken to indicate that a large category is ineffective as a 'focusing' device to enhance the activation of L2 semantic senses. Finally, it was shown that the priming asymmetry in lexical decision was not due to differential degrees of semantic activation of the prime in L1 and L2.
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Simms, Karen Maureen 1961. "Home range, habitat use, and movements of reintroduced masked bobwhite." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277014.
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Home range, habitat use, and movements of reintroduced masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgewayi) were studied during 1986-88 on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in southern Arizona. Home ranges averaged 10.9 ha (5.2-14.6 ha), and core areas averaged 1.1 ha (0.2-2.7 ha). Core areas had significantly higher visual obstruction by vegetation from 0-1 dm, aerial and basal grass cover, and significantly lower bare ground, litter, half-shrub cover, half shrub density, and visual obstruction by vegetation from 5-20 dm than non-core areas. The majority of the masked bobwhite moved less than 1 km between their release location and the site of first trapping. However, some long distance movements occurred. Once home ranges were established, masked bobwhite seldom left the boundaries. Key habitat components are identified for masked bobwhite on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge.
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Luo, Ziyang. "Analyzing the Anisotropy Phenomenon in Transformer-based Masked Language Models." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445537.
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In this thesis, we examine the anisotropy phenomenon in popular masked language models, BERT and RoBERTa, in detail. We propose a possible explanation for this unreasonable phenomenon. First, we demonstrate that the contextualized word vectors derived from pretrained masked language model-based encoders share a common, perhaps undesirable pattern across layers. Namely, we find cases of persistent outlier neurons within BERT and RoBERTa's hidden state vectors that consistently bear the smallest or largest values in said vectors. In an attempt to investigate the source of this information, we introduce a neuron-level analysis method, which reveals that the outliers are closely related to information captured by positional embeddings. Second, we find that a simple normalization method, whitening can make the vector space isotropic. Lastly, we demonstrate that ''clipping'' the outliers or whitening can more accurately distinguish word senses, as well as lead to better sentence embeddings when mean pooling.
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Nao, Marion. "Masked pedagogy : negotiating self, topic and expertise in conversation-for-learning." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54855/.
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The research examines interaction between unacquainted teachers and students of English as a foreign language in the conversation lounge of a private university in Japan. It draws its primary data from an assigned task in which students were asked to make conversation with on-duty teachers. Such institutionalized conversation practice, or 'conversation-for-learning' (Kasper 2004), is problematized in the thesis of research, as it is taken to paradoxically blend elements of institutionality with the interpersonal goals of conversation making. Focussing on the role of the teacher, the research aims to illustrate the way in which such tensions are resolved at the level of self construction in the supposedly conversational event. In the Japanese context of English language learning, the 'native speaking' teacher may often be portrayed as the authentic embodiment of an Anglophone culture. It is here argued that the problematics of such 'authenticity' are compounded by the staged normativity of conversation-for-learning, in which the teachers appear to be 'playing' themselves to a heightened degree of reflexivity. The self is thus seen to be interactionally emergent in a dialectic of conversationality and institutionality. In the current setting of the research, the 'English-only' policy and official recommendation that students pre-select a topic of interaction prior to approaching a teacher present two significant elements of institutionality which are explored through discourse analysis. The participants' negotiation of topic and expertise further provides an interactional means of analyzing the interpersonal and intercultural facets of self construction in the first-time educational encounters. In addition, the research draws on ethnographic methods of data generation, as it seeks to qualitatively ground the interactional events in the voiced experience of the participants. The thesis concludes with some suggestions which may help both teachers and students to overcome the challenges of non-acquaintanceship and constraints of institutionality to the pursuit of conversation-for-learning.
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Shaw, Christopher. "Masked to unmasked| The value of mask work in actor training." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1528046.
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Actors create blocks based in fear, over-intellectualization of acting concepts, and the limiting assumptions they often make from any given theatrical text. Mask work can release the actor out of fear and into a non-intellectualized flow of freedom, expressivity and character transformation. Exploration with the various pedagogies and styles of Mask work can open doors for the actor that other contemporary training methods cannot, and therefore should be considered an essential component of the actor's training process.
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Rosinder, Dennis. "Grading Limena of Masked Sounds With Objective Methods, Applied on Mobile Phones." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95270.
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This master thesis investigates how two existing objective techniques could correlate with of people’s auditory cognition of ring tones, played simultaneously with a background noise. Simply expressed: Is it possible to objectively measure the threshold where a ringtone is audible to human beings in traffic noise? Two objective techniques were studied – Zwicker Loudness vs. Time and A-weighted Level vs. Time which were compared with results from a subjective listening test. The listening test itself was used as the subjective reference of which the two objective techniques were compared to. The question was asked in what way loudness and Level could be used to simulate people’s cognitive behavior in every day situations, in this work though restricted to traffic noise. A method was proposed which could objectively analyze peak differences pointing out above the background noise. These results were then compared with the subjective data-the grading of the ring tones. The aim with this work was to find a method that extracts what is hearable out of a background noise and use this data to grade the effectiveness of arbitrary given ring tones. Analyzing the results and the objective-subjective correlation gave us the conclusion that the proposed method was not good enough as it is constructed today. Additional refinements and perhaps more parameters have to be considered to fulfill a reliable every day working tool.
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Hector, Jo. "Understanding semantic priming: Evidence from masked lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks." Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1024%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Hector, Johanna Elizabeth. "Understanding semantic priming: Evidence from masked lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196017.
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There are now extensive behavioral and neuropsychological evidence to indicate that semantic information of a word can be activated without conscious awareness. However, semantic activation alone may not be sufficient for observing semantic priming effects in masked lexical decision task. In the following study, two tasks were used: lexical decision and semantic categorization. Conscious awareness of the prime was systematically manipulated by varying the duration of the prime and by varying the placement of the mask in the prime-target presentation sequence. Priming effects were observed in the semantic categorization task at prime durations of 42 milliseconds but no semantic priming was observed for the same prime duration in the lexical decision task. However, semantic priming effects began to emerge in lexical decision at the longer prime durations (55 & 69 ms) and under the least effective prime-mask presentation sequences. It is proposed that semantic activation alone is not sufficient for semantic priming effects in the lexical decision task but that central executive involvement is necessary, if only at the lowest level, for facilitatory effects to be observed. Furthermore, no such central executive involvement appears to be required for the semantic categorization task. The priming effects obtained in this task is interpreted in terms of a "decision priming" effect.
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Morris, Kalie B. "Brain electrophysiological correlates of masked picture priming in fluent and stuttering adults." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4548.
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate mechanisms of real-time language production of adults who stutter.
Method: Data were analyzed for 19 typically fluent young adults (TFA) and 19 young adults who stutter (AWS). Participants performed a masked picture priming task where priming stimuli consisted of two conditions 1) Identity- a masked printed prime word identical to the picture target label, and 2) Unrelated- a masked printed prime word unrelated to the picture target label. Brain event-related potentials (ERPs), time-locked to pictures eliciting spontaneous naming, were recorded, as well as naming accuracy and reaction times.
Results: Masked priming effects on ERP components were compared between groups. Priming modulated N400 amplitude in TFA while, at the same latency, priming modulated P300 amplitude in AWS. N400 is attributed to processing of meaningful stimuli, and P300 is a measure of effortful control. An even later priming effect generalized to both groups.
Conclusion: Results suggest that post-lexical processing was similar in AWS and TFA, while lexical-semantic processing operated differently. Whereas TFA evidenced automaticity in activation and selection of target picture labels, AWS evidenced enhanced attentional control during lexical selection. We propose that AWS recruited a compensatory attentional mechanism to stabilize activation of target words on the path to naming. These conclusions suggest that clinically, AWS may benefit from vocabulary enrichment and attentional control treatment.
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Parker, D. C. "The dimethyl(phenyl)silyl group : A masked hydroxyl group for organic synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372282.
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Wang, Jiaping. "The generalized MLE with the interval centered and masked competing risks data." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Robinson, Lesley Anne. "Studies towards the synthesis of the masked 1,2, 3-tricarbonyl moiety of rapamycin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624759.
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Ashleigh, Claudia. "A double masked randomised crossover trial of two silicone hydrogel multifocal contact lenses." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2017. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1988/.
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Purpose: To compare visual performance and acceptance of two different designs of monthly disposable silicone hydrogel multifocal contact lenses, the Air Optix Aqua Multifocal and the Biofinity Multifocal. Methods: A double masked randomised crossover trial of 62 presbyopic participants (between 41 and 60 years of age) was conducted. Participants were randomised first into either the Air Optix Aqua Multifocal or the Biofinity Multifocal lens to be worn for four weeks for each modality. There was a washout period of one week before wearing the second option. Measurements included binocular photopic distance visual acuity (VA), binocular photopic near VA, stereoacuity at distance and near and contrast sensitivity in photopic, mesopic and scotopic lighting conditions. Subjective participant experience for quality of vision was collected using the VF-14 visual function questionnaire and a specially designed daily diary. Results: Fifty-seven participants completed both periods of this crossover study (mean age 52.9, 43 females, 14 males). The difference for binocular photopic distance and near VAs between the Air Optix Aqua and Biofinity Multifocal were marginal (distance: p > 0.13, near: p > 0.24). Differences for stereoacuity at distance and near between the Air Optix Aqua and Biofinity Multifocal were not statistically significant (distance: p=0.33, near: p=0.36) and measurements for contrast sensitivity in mesopic and scotopic lighting conditions showed no statistically significant difference between the lens types (mesopic: p > 0.18 and scotopic: p > 0.31). Photopic contrast sensitivity showed statistically significant results and was marginally better with the Air Optix Aqua Multifocal than Biofinity Multifocal (p=0.013 by paired t-test and p=0.018 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test). This was judged unlikely to be of clinical significance and most likely a chance finding. Marginal but not statistically significant preferences were found for the data of the VF-14 visual function questionnaire and the daily diary with participants preferring the Air Optix Aqua Multifocal for distance vision (distance vision scores: Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test: 79-76%) and reporting more satisfaction with intermediate and near vision with the Biofinity Multifocal lens design (intermediate vision scores: 66-60% and near vision scores: 74-72%). Comfort scores were equally high for both lens designs (comfort scores: 78- 82%). 43 participants (75%) felt soft multifocal contact lenses were a good alternative to spectacles and 33 participants (58%) were continuing to use one of the two designs one year after the trial ended. Of these, 17 wearers (51%) were wearing the Air Optix Aqua and 16 (49%) the Biofinity Multifocal lens. Conclusions: There were no consistent differences in visual performance between the Air Optix Aqua Multifocal and the Biofinity Multifocal lens design. The Air Optix Aqua multifocal was found to be marginally superior in participants’ subjective scores for binocular distance vision and the Biofinity Multifocal for binocular intermediate and near vision. Based on feedback at follow up, presbyopic participants in this research rated soft silicone hydrogel multifocal contact lenses a good alternative to spectacle wear.
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Trastoy, Quintela Juan. "Efficient artificial ordered vortex pinning in high-Tc supercondiuctors via masked ion irradiation." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077237.
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L'étude de réseaux de vortex dans un film d'YBa₂Cu₃O₇, un supraconducteur à haute température critique, représente un bon modèle pour comprendre les interactions entre deux particules dans un paysage d'énergie potentielle. En irradiant le matériau supraconducteur avec des ions oxygène, on affaiblit localement la température de transition supraconductrice du matériau. En combinant cette technologie à la lithographie électronique, on peut moduler spatialement les propriétés électroniques du supraconducteur à l'échelle nanométrique et de la sorte contrôler le paysage d'énergie vu par les vortex. Dans cette thèse, nous réalisons une étude sur l'évolution de ce paysage en énergie en fonction de la température et de la vitesse des vortex suivant la force de piégeage. En effet, on a pu observer que la géométrie du paysage d'énergie pour des vortex magnétiques variait radicalement en fonction de la température. En prenant cette dernière comme paramètre de contrôle, on est capable de modifier la configuration du réseau en passant d'un réseau géométriquement frustré à un réseau carrée. De plus, nous avons pu reconstituer le diagramme de phase des vortex et les transitions de phases thermodynamique associées. Pour finir, nous avons aussi étudié le mouvement asymétrique des vortex soumis à une force symétrique dans un réseau de potentiel asymétriqueSuperconducting flux quanta in nanostructured YBa₂Cu₃O₇-d films constitute a model to study the general problem of interacting particles in a potential-energy landscape. Using 0+ ion irradiation through a mask defined via electron-beam lithography, ordered nanometric regions with a depressed local critical temperature can be defined to precisely engineer the vortex energy landscape. A detailed characterization of this artificial pinning's strength with temperature and vortex velocity is given, as well as a study of the vortex phase diagram and the associated thermodynamic phase transition. Thanks to the ability to modulate the superconducting condensate at the nanoscale, a new mechanism to reversibly switch the vortex energy landscape's geometry using temperature as a control knob is developed. This is shown through the thermal switching of a geometrically frustrated array into a square periodic one. Finally, asymmetric vortex motion under a symmetric drive is studied using asymmetric pinning sites
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Roseland, Margaret J. "The BGSU SICSIC Spirit Crew: Masked Performances of Campus Identity and Cultural Anxiety." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1563376450526318.
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Bergström, Joakim. "A Search for the Masked Mechanism Behind IgG-Mediated Suppression of Antibody Responses." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317480.
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Antibodies passively administered together with their specific antigen can enhance or suppress the specific antibody response. This phenomenon is known as antibody feedback regulation. Whether this modulation causes up- or downregulation of the antibody response depends both on the antibody isotype and the antigen used. IgG antibodies passively administered together with particulate antigens, e.g. erythrocytes, can completely prevent the induction of an antibody response to the antigen. The suppressive capacity of IgG has been routinely used in the clinic since the 1960’s in RhD-prophylaxis to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Although studied for decades, the underlying mechanism of IgG-suppression has remained elusive. The main focus of this thesis has been to elucidate the mechanism behind IgG-suppression of antibody responses in vivo in mouse models using intravenous immunization with specific IgG together with native or haptenated sheep red blood cells, SRBC. We show that IgG-suppression of IgM and long-term serum IgG-responses operates independently of activating FcγRI, III, IV, or the inhibitory FcγRIIB, thus confirming and extending previous findings. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that C1q, C3 and CR1/2 are dispensable for IgG-suppression of antibody responses. These findings strongly argue against the involvement of Fc-dependent mechanisms as the explanation for IgG-suppression. Interestingly, GC formation occurs in IgG-suppressed mice although the antibody response to surface SRBC epitopes are completely suppressed. The data suggests that these GCs develop in response to intracellular SRBC epitopes as well as to the passively administered suppressive IgG. Moreover, we demonstrate that passively administered IgG suppresses several parameters of an antibody/B cell response including antigen specific GC and non-GC B cells, extra-follicular antibody secreting cells, long-lived plasma cells and induction of immunological memory. Before the onset of the present study, two mechanisms appeared compatible with the majority of experimental findings: IgG-mediated antigen clearance and epitope masking. Herein we show that the contribution of IgG-mediated antigen clearance is negligible and that suppression of IgG-responses is strictly epitope specific. This provides compelling evidence that a very important mechanism underlying IgG-suppression is epitope masking.
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Bennett, Kelly Angela. "A masked randomized comparison of oral and vaginal administration of misoprostol for labour induction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0031/MQ62369.pdf.
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Xing, Kongliang. "Accessing the mental lexicon in spoken word production: Masked priming effects in picture naming." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187191.
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This dissertation investigated the process of lexical access in spoken word production by using a picture naming task which involves very similar processes. Experiment 1 showed that significant repetition priming effect was obtained in this task when the prime was heavily masked and was unavailable to conscious report. In addition, the repetition effect was independent of word frequency. However, a pattern of frequency attenuated priming effects was obtained in Experiment 2 when the prime was unmasked and was named about 10 minutes previously. These results suggest that the masked repetition effect is lexical in nature, whereas the unmasked effect is contaminated by non-lexical sources, such as auditory episodic memory. Experiment 3 showed that the masked repetition effect was independent of the neighborhood density of target names, but the masked form-priming effect was highly constrained by the density. Further, Experiment 4 showed that once the form-related prime became phonologically identical to the picture name the form-priming effect was no longer constrained by the density. In order to distinguish which processing component (lexicalization or production) was responsible for the elimination of the constraint, a picture-fragment matching task was used. Experiment 5A showed that in the matching task, repetition effects were significant and independent of neighborhood density. In contrast with Experiment 4, Experiment 5B showed that the form-priming effect was highly constrained by the density in the matching task. These experiments suggest that (1) the process of phonological encoding is automatic and extremely fast; and (2) the phonological encoding is a necessary process for production but not for lexicalization. In addition, no masked associative priming was obtained in either a picture naming task (Experiment 6) or a picture categorization task (Experiment 7), suggesting that masked priming effects obtained in the present picture processing tasks were not due to facilitation occurring at the semantic or conceptual level. Finally, the robust frequency effects established in picture naming tasks were severely weakened when a picture-fragment matching task was used (Experiment 8). This pattern of results suggests that frequency influences mainly name production rather than name retrieval in picture naming.
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Jiang, Nan. "Understanding bilingual lexical organization: Evidence from masked cross-language priming in Chinese-English bilinguals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282752.
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Cross-language priming has been found to be asymmetrical in that priming is found from L1 to L2, but not the reverse. In this project, I examined two issues raised by the asymmetry that are related to the organization of the bilingual lexicon. The first is what attributes to the asymmetry. Two approaches to the asymmetry are distinguished, one attributing it to the representational features of the bilingual lexicon and the other to the processing characteristics associated with the two languages of bilingual speakers. The five experiments in the first series first replicated the asymmetry and then examined three processing-related explanations. The results suggest that none of them provides a satisfactory explanation of the asymmetry. The second series of four experiments tested the hypothesis that lexical links from L2 to L1 are episodic in nature. The results of these experiments provide strong evidence for this hypothesis. It is proposed in the study that, due to the practical constraints imposed on SLA, lexical information in L2 may be represented in the episodic system. A model of vocabulary acquisition in L2 is proposed. In this model, vocabulary acquisition is seen in terms of how the structure and content of the lexical entry evolve in the learning process. Research and pedagogical implications of the model are discussed.
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Keating, Alison. "Formulation and assessment of taste masked combination therapies for the treatment of paediatric tuberculosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10038686/.
Full textAbstract:
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem, which ranks alongside HIV as a leading cause of death worldwide. Adherence to tuberculosis treatment regimens is quite low, particularly in paediatric patients, and the aversive taste of these medicines is often cited as a major reason for this. In the first part of this thesis, the taste of these four drugs was assessed using both a human taste panel and the rodent Brief Access Taste Aversion (BATA) model. Human EC50 (i.e. the concentration of drug which elicits 50% of the maximum taste response) values were determined for each drug and the BATA model was identified as being useful for the assessment of formulations containing isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol. The ability of an in vitro technique, the Insent TS-5000Z electronic tongue, to detect and assess the taste of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol dihydrochloride was investigated. The best correlation between human responses and electronic tongue responses was observed for ethambutol dihydrochloride. The latter half of this thesis focused on the use of hot melt extrusion (HME) as a processing technique to develop taste masked polymeric formulations of isoniazid and rifampicin and a fixed dose combination containing both isoniazid and rifampicin. A fixed dose combination (FDC) formulation containing 20% w/w isoniazid and 30% w/w rifampicin was produced using Eudragit E-PO as a carrier. The extrudate was milled and incorporated into a dispersible tablet. The weight uniformity, thickness, hardness, disintigration time and content uniformity of the tablets were investigated and found to conform to the specifications for solid dosage forms. The dispersible tablet was found to effectively mask the taste of the drugs when dispersed in water with the drug release remaining below the human EC50 value for each drug.