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Journal articles on the topic 'Danube Gorges'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Dimitrijević, Vesna, Ivana Živaljević, and Sofija Stefanović. "Becoming sedentary? The seasonality of food resource exploitation in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges." Documenta Praehistorica 43 (December 30, 2016): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.4.

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In this paper, we investigate whether the Mesolithic-Neolithic sites in the Danube Gorges were occupied seasonally or all year round by looking at animal skeletal remains. The hunting seasons of most important game animals have been determined on the basis of antler and teeth growth, supplemented by looking into the presence of migratory fish and birds. The patterns of food resource exploitation seem to indicate year-round occupation of the settlements, and suggest that a significant degree of sedentism existed in the Danube Gorges prior to, and independently of, the adoption of animal and plant husbandry.

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Dimitrijević, Vesna, Ivana Živaljević, and Sofija Stefanović. "Becoming sedentary? The seasonality of food resource exploitation in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges." Documenta Praehistorica, no. XLIII (January 30, 2017): 103–22. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.4.

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Bănăduc, Doru, Angela Bănăduc, Mirjana Lenhardt, and Gabor Guti. "“Porţile de Fier/Iron Gates” Gorges Area (Danube) Fish Fauna." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (2014): 171–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0041.

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Abstract An important fisheries sector of the Danube, the “Iron Gates” area, was studied by famous naturalists along the history like Marsigli, Haeckel, Kner, Antipa and Bănărescu. After more than half a century after the last main publication in this area, the “Iron Gates” Danube sector suffered significant human impact, and an assessment of the fish fauna was needed. The paper summarizes the trend of fish species along the XIX to XXIst centuries, and reveals the appearance of new species. The study includes data from about 65 fish species, belonging to: Acipenseridae, Polyodontidae, Clupeidae, Salmonidae, Esocidae, Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Siluridae, Ictaluridae, Anguillidae, Lotidae, Gasterosteidae, Syngnathidae, Centrarchidae, Percidae, Gobiidae, Odontobutidae, and Cottidae. The major hidrotechnical works along with pollution, overexploitation and poachery, induced major changes in the ichthyofauna structure.

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MARINESCU, Florian. "Le detroit des Portes de Fer existait-il pendant le Neogene?" Geo-Eco-Marina No 15/2009 (December 31, 2009): 113–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57316.

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Abstract. The modern Danube River crosses the Carpathians along the Iron Gates gorges. Such an impressive geographic feature promotes ideas about a somewhat similar communication way between the Neogene Dacian and Pannonian basins. This attractive hypothesis is sometimes contradicted by detailed geological data, especially sedimentation palaeoenvironments and fossil bio-communities significance.

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Garašanin, Milutin, and Ivana Radovanović. "A pot in house 54 at Lepenski Vir I." Antiquity 75, no. 287 (2001): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00052819.

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Pottery was found in situ in the Mesolithic layers of the site Lepenski Vir in the Iron Gates gorges of the Danube. This discovery raises issues about Meso-Neolithic contact in the second half of the 7th millennium cal BC. Here discussion of the evidence from Lepenski Vir and Padina explores the Neolithic groups which made contact, opening the debate on the process of neolithization in the Balkans and southeast Europe in general.

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Nehlich, Olaf, and Dušan Borić. "Response to Bonsall et al. “Food for Thought: Re-Assessing Mesolithic Diets in the Iron Gates”." Radiocarbon 57, no. 4 (2015): 701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18678.

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Here, we reply to the attempt by Bonsall et al. (2015) to re-assess our results from the sulfur isotopic study of bone collagen from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites along the Danube in the Iron Gates Gorges area (Nehlich et al. 2010). Although we are highly interested to see our data re-assessed, we found certain misinterpretations, mistaken assumptions, and factual errors regarding our results. Therefore, we want to respond and re-assess our previous data, too. We establish for a few individuals a quantitative dietary reconstruction to demonstrate the reliability of our earlier interpretations.

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Živaljević, Ivana, Vesna Dimitrijević, Jelena Jovanović, et al. "Revealing the "hidden" Pannonian and Central Balkan Mesolithic: new radiocarbon evidence from Serbia." Quaternary International 574 (November 26, 2020): 52–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620110.

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With the exception of the well known Mesolithic sites in the Danube Gorges (or the Iron Gates), the wider areas of the Central Balkans and southern fringes of the Great Pannonian Plain still represent a <em>terra incognita</em> when it comes to the presence of Mesolithic communities. The absence of Mesolithic sites in the region was associated with environmental changes in the Early Holocene, presumed low human population densities, limited possibilities of detection, or the lack of adequate research. However, valuable insights into the obscure regional Mesolithic can be gained not only by new archaeological excavations, but also by revisiting and reanalysing of existing archaeological collections. Particularly informative in this respect are the Early Neolithic sites, indicative of the extensive spread of farming communities from c. 6200 cal BC. Within the ERC Project BIRTH, a large sample of human and animal remains from these sites was dated, falling in the (expected) range between c. 6200‒5300 cal BC. However, one human and several animal bone samples from the sites of Magareći mlin, Gospođinci-Nove zemlje and Grabovac-Đurića vinogradi were dated to the 8<sup>th</sup> millennium cal BC, providing the first radiocarbon evidence of Early Holocene sequences in the territory of Serbia other than the Danube Gorges. In this paper, we present the new radiocarbon dates, discuss the contextual provenance of dated bones, and explore the implications of these results for a better understanding of the problem of the “missing” and “invisible” Mesolithic in the region.

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Radovic, Marija. "Ageing in the Danube gorges population (9500-5500 BC): Tooth cementum annulation method." Starinar, no. 62 (2012): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1262009r.

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Tooth cementum annulation, the microscopic method for the determination of an individual?s age, gives results that are highly correlated with the chronological age of an individual. Nevertheless, this method is still rarely used for age estimation in archaeological populations. In this study, using the tooth cementum annulation method, teeth of 21 individuals of the Djerdap anthropological series, dated to a period from the 10th to the 6th millennium BC, were analysed. The obtained data are important for overcoming some methodological issues in anthropology of the Danube Gorges, as well as with the precise age estimation of old individuals and with the assessment of age in cases where the skeletal material has been very poorly preserved. The only obstacle to the full application of the tooth cementum annulation method is the taphonomy changes of tooth cementum which were detected on several teeth in this study.

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Borić, Dušan, Charles French, and Vesna Dimitrijević. "Vlasac revisited: formation processes, stratigraphy and dating." Documenta Praehistorica 35 (December 31, 2008): 261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.35.20.

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Since 2006, new excavations of the Mesolithic-Neolithic site of Vlasac in the Danube Gorges of the north-central Balkans have been under way. Excavations made across the surviving preserved portion of the site provide a unique opportunity for a re-evaluation of previous conclusions about the stratigraphy, chronology and the character of occupation at this classic site of the Lepenski Vir culture. Our revision work is contributing to new knowledge about formation processes at the site, its absolute dating, complex interplay of different mortuary practices and the nature of Mesolithic-Neolithic transformation in the region as a whole. Some aspects of these research efforts are presented in the paper.

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Borić, Dušan, Gisela Grupe, Joris Peters, and Živko Mikić. "Is the Mesolithic–Neolithic Subsistence Dichotomy Real? New Stable Isotope Evidence from the Danube Gorges." European Journal of Archaeology 7, no. 3 (2004): 221–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957104056500.

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The article presents new results of stable isotope analyses made on animal and human bones from the Mesolithic–early Neolithic sites of Lepenski Vir and Vlasac in the Danube Gorges of the Balkans. It reconstructs the food web for the region during these periods on the basis of stable isotope analyses of mammal and fish species found at Vlasac. These results are compared to measurements made on human burials from the two sites. In the light of these new results, the article also discusses interpretations provided by previous isotopic studies of this material. It concludes that great care is required in the interpretation of stable isotope results due to inherent methodological complexities of this type of analysis, and suggests that it is also necessary to integrate stable isotope results with information based on the examination of faunal remains and the archaeological context of analysed burials when making inferences about palaeodietary patterns.

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Borić, Dušan. "The Lepenski Vir conundrum: reinterpretation of the Mesolithic and Neolithic sequences in the Danube Gorges." Antiquity 76, no. 294 (2002): 1026–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091833.

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This paper employs new evidence—including new AMS dates—to support a reinterpretation of the stratigraphic and architectural phasing of Lepenski Vir, and links this new evidence with the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in the region by critiquing dominant models.

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Nehlich, Olaf, Dušan Borić, Sofija Stefanović, and Michael P. Richards. "Sulphur isotope evidence for freshwater fish consumption: a case study from the Danube Gorges, SE Europe." Journal of Archaeological Science 37, no. 5 (2010): 1131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.12.013.

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Jovanović, Borislav. "Micro-regions of the Lepenski Vir culture: Padina in the Upper Gorge and Hajdučka Vodenica in the Lower Gorge of the Danube." Documenta Praehistorica 35 (December 31, 2008): 289–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.35.21.

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This paper was compelled into existence when confronting the fact that the most commonly discussed transitional period connecting the Late Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic in the Đerdap or the Iron Gates Gorges (present-day Serbia and Romania) is determined by the often emphasized lack of adequately published evidence, thus leaving this period largely unknown. We examine previous conclusions concerning the Lepenski Vir culture, or at the very least, try to put such discussions back in their archaeological context. We discuss the features that are essential for the organisation of the settlements, stratigraphy, and adaptability of architecture caused by geomorphology and climate, as well as the remarkable loss of settlement space due to different types of erosion.

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Borić, Dušan. "Body Metamorphosis and Animality: Volatile Bodies and Boulder Artworks from Lepenski Vir." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15, no. 1 (2005): 35–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977430500003x.

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This article discusses the notion of body metamorphosis as a theory of phenomenal change by examining carved representational and ‘aniconic’ boulders from Lepenski Vir and other Meso-Neolithic sites in the Danube Gorges. The voluminous size of the boulders at Lepenski Vir, the way in which they occupy the three-dimensional space within buildings and around hearths, and the carvings over their surfaces suggest that they were understood as volatile bodies, undergoing continuous metamorphoses. The relationship between the seasonal recurrence of the Danube's migratory fish and these boulders is explored through the notion of animality. These boulders indicate prescribed stages of life-cycle metamorphosis that affected inextricably-linked realms of human and animal worlds. Prescribed stages of social embodiment at Lepenski Vir are discerned by looking at the archaeological context of representational boulders that sometimes directly commemorate particular deceased individuals. The possibility that boulder artworks acted as sacred heirlooms of particular buildings is connected to the social efficacy they might have acquired.

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Cristiani, Emanuela, Anita Radini, Marija Edinborough, and Dušan Borić. "Dental calculus reveals Mesolithic foragers in the Balkans consumed domesticated plant foods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 37 (2016): 10298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603477113.

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Researchers agree that domesticated plants were introduced into southeast Europe from southwest Asia as a part of a Neolithic “package,” which included domesticated animals and artifacts typical of farming communities. It is commonly believed that this package reached inland areas of the Balkans by ∼6200 calibrated (cal.) BC or later. Our analysis of the starch record entrapped in dental calculus of Mesolithic human teeth at the site of Vlasac in the Danube Gorges of the central Balkans provides direct evidence that already by ∼6600 cal. BC, if not earlier, Late Mesolithic foragers of this region consumed domestic cereals, such as Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum, and Hordeum distichon, which were also the main crops found among Early Neolithic communities of southeast Europe. We infer that “exotic” Neolithic domesticated plants were introduced to southern Europe independently almost half a millennium earlier than previously thought, through networks that enabled exchanges between inland Mesolithic foragers and early farming groups found along the Aegean coast of Turkey.

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Živaljević, Ivana. "Concepts of the body and personhood in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges: interpreting animal remains from human burials." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, no. 3 (2016): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i3.6.

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In recent years, humanities have brought forward the idea of non-human agency; either in the form of meanings bestowed upon objects, animals and natural phenomena, or through deconstruction of ontological differences between ‘people’ and ‘things’. In case of the former, it has been argued that non-human agents have the power to act as ‘participants’ in social action (e.g. the agentive power of material properties of things, or of animal behaviour). In this paper, I discuss the practice of placing animal body parts alongside human bodies in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges, by using the concept of perspectivism as a theoretical framework. The choice of species and their body parts varied, but was by no means accidental. Rather, it reflected certain culturally specific taxonomies, which were based on animal properties: how they look, move, feel or what they do. Common examples include red deer antlers, which have the power to ‘regenerate’ each year, or dog mandibles (physical remains of ‘mouths’) which have the power to ‘communicate’ (i.e. bark). The aim of the paper is to explore how various aspects of animal corporeality, associated with certain ways of seeing and experiencing the world, could be ‘borrowed’ by humans utilizing animal body parts.

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BORIC, DUSAN, and PRESTON MIRACLE. "MESOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC (DIS)CONTINUITIES IN THE DANUBE GORGES: NEW AMS DATES FROM PADINA AND HAJDUCKA VODENICA (SERBIA)." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 4 (2004): 341–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.2004.00215.x.

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Boric, Dusan. "Lepenski Vir chronology and stratigraphy revisited." Starinar, no. 69 (2019): 9–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1969009b.

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This article offers a new look at the stratigraphy and chronology of Mesolithic and Neolithic deposits at Lepenski Vir, particularly based on newly available Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating and aDNA genomic evidence. It focuses on a detailed analysis of several key contexts for which new radiocarbon dates are available while at the same time reviewing taphonomic and age-offset problems when dating human remains and other materials affected by the aquatic reservoir effect in the Danube Gorges area. The robust chronological evidence as well as available stratigraphic data overwhelmingly show that the start of the main and iconic phase of the occupation of this site, represented by the architecture of trapezoidal buildings and sculpted sandstone boulders, should unequivocally be dated to the period of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the last two centuries of the seventh millennium cal BC. At this time, local forager populations of distinct hunter-gatherer genetic ancestry came into contact and mixed with incoming Neolithic, farming populations of north-western Anatolian genetic ancestry, based on the available genomic data but also supported by studies of material culture traditions. The article deals directly with the recent criticism of this chrono-stratigraphic model for Lepenski Vir.

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Borić, Dušan, and Seren Griffiths. "The Living and The Dead, Memory and Transition: Bayesian Modelling of Mesolithic and Neolithic Deposits from Vlasac, the Danube Gorges." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 34, no. 4 (2015): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12063.

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Živaljević, Ivana, Danijela Popović, Aleš Snoj, and Saša Marić. "Ancient DNA analysis of cyprinid remains from the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges reveals an extirpated fish species Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840)." Journal of Archaeological Science 79 (March 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.01.002.

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Filipović, Dragana, Milica Fotirić Akšić, Dragana Dabić Zagorac, and Maja Natić. "Gathered fruits as grave goods? Cornelian cherry remains from a Mesolithic grave at the site of Vlasac, Danube Gorges, south-east Europe." Quaternary International 541 (March 2020): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.10.018.

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Jovanović, Jelena, Robert C. Power, Camille de Becdelièvre, Gwenaëlle Goude, and Sofija Stefanović. "Microbotanical evidence for the spread of cereal use during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the Southeastern Europe (Danube Gorges): Data from dental calculus analysis." Journal of Archaeological Science 125 (January 2021): 105288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2020.105288.

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Wetzlinger, Klaus, Jörg Robl, Moritz Liebl, Fabian Dremel, Kurt Stüwe, and Christoph von Hagke. "Old orogen – young topography: Evidence for relief rejuvenation in the Bohemian Massif." Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 116, no. 1 (2023): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2023.0002.

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Abstract The Bohemian Massif is the relic of a major Paleozoic mountain range that is known to have exhumed and its surface levelled in the Permian, but its Neogene landscape evolution is largely unconstrained. The landscape is characterized by rolling hills and extended planation surfaces above an elevation of about 500 m. However, at lower elevations deeply incised gorges confined by steep hillslopes are abundant and contrast impressively with the low relief landscapes above. Rivers with a bimodal morphology (i.e. steep at lower elevations and gentle at higher elevations) drain either to the north into the Vltava (Moldau) River or to the south into the Danube River. Hence, a continental drainage divide runs through the Bohemian Massif. Here, we quantify spatial characteristics of the Bohemian Massif landforms by computing landscape metrics like steepness index or geophysical relief derived from digital elevation models. From this we infer temporal change of the landscape in the past and predict them for the future evolution of the region. We show that the landscape is characterized by out-of-equilibrium river profiles with knickpoints abundantly at elevations between 450 m and 550 m separating steep channel segments at lower elevations from less steep channels at higher elevations. Hypsometric maxima at or close above knickpoint elevations, along with high and low values in geophysical relief as indicator for the degree of fluvial landscape dissection downstream and upstream of major knickpoints, support the idea of landscape bimodality. Furthermore, we find a distinct drainage divide asymmetry, which causes the reorganization of the drainage network of the region. Across-divide gradients in channel steepness predict the northward migration of the Danube-Vltava drainage divide including growth and shrinkage of tributary catchments, thus controlling changes in the Central European drainage pattern. All aspects suggest that the region experienced relief rejuvenation during the last few million years. We suggest that this relief rejuvenation is related to the inversion of the Molasse basin with a long wavelength rock uplift pattern and low uplift rates. Vertical motion of crustal blocks at discrete faults may locally affect the uplift pattern. However, the contrasting bedrock properties between the sedimentary cover (Molasse sediments) and the crystalline basement (Bohemian Massif) cause substantial differences in erosion rate and are thus the superior control on the topographic variations of the entire region.

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Cârciumaru, Marin, and Elena-Cristina Nițu. "Redefining the Epigravettian and Epipalaeolithic in the Rock Shelter of Cuina Turcului (the Iron Gates Gorges of the Danube, Romania), with Special Emphasis on Art Objects." Paléo, no. 29 (December 30, 2018): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paleo.4231.

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Jovanović, J., P. Frémondière, and S. Stefanović. "Reconstruction of Two Mother-Infant Dyads and Obstetrical Consequences of the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition: A Case Study from Lepenski Vir and Vlasac (Serbia)." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 31, no. 1-2 (2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/bmsap-2018-0042.

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The current world population of approximately seven billion people shows that despite the complexities of human birthing, the human species is thriving. Changes in human pelvic morphology resulting from bipedalism and encephalisation, often described as the “obstetric dilemma”, have made the birthing process extremely difficult and risky for both mothers and neonates. The major Mesolithic- Neolithic shift in lifestyle could have had important obstetric consequences. It is often hypothesised that the shift to an agricultural diet, with a lower protein content and higher glycaemic loading than the hunter-gatherer diet, could have led to a decrease in maternal height and an increase in neonatal birth weight, brain size and foetal-pelvic strain, which may have exacerbated the obstetric dilemma. The Mesolithic-Neolithic osteological collection from the Danube Gorges (7400-5500 cal BC, Balkans) provides material (2 pelvises and a neonate skull) to test this hypothesis by virtually reconstructing the fossil dyads and their foetal-pelvic relationship.We compared these dyads with a large obstetrical sample of mother-child dyads with a known birthing history, conducting a lineardiscriminant analysis in order to predict the most probable delivery outcomes for the prehistoric dyads. The results suggest that delivery was dystocic for the Mesolithic motherchild dyad and eutocic for the Neolithic mother-child dyad; obstetrically, the former is notably more efficient. However, due to the small sample size, further research is required with a larger series in order to determine whether the development of obstetrically efficient pelvic bones in the Neolithic was widespread and whether it had an impact on the birthing process and thus potentially contributed to the increasing size of the population.

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Jovanović, Jelena, P. Fremondier, and Sofija Stefanović. "Reconstruction of Two Mother-Infant Dyads and Obstetrical Consequences of the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition: A Case Study from Lepenski Vir and Vlasac (Serbia)." Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris 31 (January 1, 2019): 60–68. https://doi.org/10.3166/bmsap-2018-0042.

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The current world population of approximately seven billion people shows that despite the complexities of human birthing, the human species is thriving. Changes in human pelvic morphology resulting from bipedalism and encephalisation, often described as the “obstetric dilemma”, have made the birthing process extremely difficult and risky for both mothers and neonates. The major Mesolithic-Neolithic shift in lifestyle could have had important obstetric consequences. It is often hypothesised that the shift to an agricultural diet, with a lower protein content and higher glycaemic loading than the hunter-gatherer diet, could have led to a decrease in maternal height and an increase in neonatal birth weight, brain size and foetal-pelvic strain, which may have exacerbated the obstetric dilemma. The Mesolithic-Neolithic osteological collection from the Danube Gorges (7400-5500 cal BC, Balkans) provides material (2 pelvises and a neonate skull) to test this hypothesis by virtually reconstructing the fossil dyads and their foetal-pelvic relationship. We compared these dyads with a large obstetrical sample of mother-child dyads with a known birthing history, conducting a lineardiscriminant analysis in order to predict the most probable delivery outcomes for the prehistoric dyads. The results suggest that delivery was dystocic for the Mesolithic motherchild dyad and eutocic for the Neolithic mother-child dyad; obstetrically, the former is notably more efficient. However, due to the small sample size, further research is required with a larger series in order to determine whether the development of obstetrically efficient pelvic bones in the Neolithic was widespread and whether it had an impact on the birthing process and thus potentially contributed to the increasing size of the population.

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Dimitrijević, V., and S. Vuković. "Was the Dog Locally Domesticated in the Danube Gorges? Morphometric Study of Dog Cranial Remains From Four Mesolithic-Early Neolithic Archaeological Sites by Comparison With Contemporary Wolves." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 25, no. 1 (2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.2260.

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Byk, Adam, Marek Bidas, Tomasz Gazurek, et al. "New Data on the Occurrence of Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in Serbia." Diversity 15, no. 2 (2023): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020264.

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The Serbian fauna of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea is relatively well-known compared to the neighbouring countries. Many common species known from Serbia’s neighbouring countries are not recorded in Serbia, despite the richness of the country’s habitats, such as high-mountain meadows, pastures, deep gorges, riverbanks (including the exceptionally valuable sandy banks of the Danube) and old forests. Therefore, we aim to supplement the current information on the distribution of the species of the Serbian scarabaeoid beetles. The presented scarabaeoid beetles were caught during seven expeditions in 2013, 2017, 2018, 2019 (two expeditions), 2021, and 2022. As a result, 2031 beetles belonging to 120 species and five families of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Geotrupidae, Trogidae, Lucanidae, Glaphyridae, Scarabaeidae) were observed. In less than two months of the faunistic study, the authors confirmed the occurrence in Serbia of 49.5% of the scarabaeoid species previously known from this country and added 13 new species that had not been previously recorded: Eulasia pareyssei (Brullé, 1832), Pygopleurus apicalis (Brullé, 1832), Melinopterus reyi (Reitter, 1892), Nimbus johnsoni (Baraud, 1976), Planolinoides borealis (Gyllenhal, 1827), Copris hispanus Linnaeus, 1764, C. umbilicatus Abeille de Perrin, 1901, Cheironitis furcifer (P. Rossi, 1792), Onthophagus dellacasai Pittino & Mariani, 1981, O. similis (Scriba, 1790), Chaetonyx schatzmayri Mariani, 1946, Holochelus costulatus (Frivaldszky, 1835), and Omaloplia corcyrae (Baraud, 1965). Eight species and one subspecies typical for the Balkan Peninsula were also found: Jekelius punctulatus (Jekel, 1866), Pygopleurus apicalis, P. chrysonotus (Brullé, 1832), Onthophagus dellacasai, Chaetonyx robustus robustus Schaum, 1862, Ch. schatzmayri, Omaloplia corcyrae, O. illyrica (Baraud, 1965), and Triodontella dalmatica (Baraud, 1962). Thus, the number of currently known scarabaeoid species in Serbia has increased to 229. Our results indicate insufficient knowledge of the Scarabaeoidea of Serbia. Therefore, further research and new expeditions to Serbia are highly desirable. High-mountain and Danubian communities of dung beetles are priceless and deserve protection. Twenty-one species of scarabaeoid beetles are illustrated.

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Milanovici, Sretco. "Orchidaceae L. Family in the “Iron Gates” Park (Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (2014): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0034.

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Abstract Currently, little information is available about the orchid flora in the “Iron Gates” Nature Park, especially due to the lack of the data regarding the detailed geographical distribution and the actual conservation status of species and populations. According to the data provided by the specialist literature for the south-west of Romania, 39 species of orchids are found in this area, of which 29 are in the Danube Gorge (known as Clisura Dunării ‒ “Iron Gates” Nature Park). The field researches regarding the Orchidaceae L. family in the “Iron Gates” Nature Park area have been conducted over a period covering 15 years, from 1996 to 2011. During research conducted in the field I acknowledged the presence of 23 orchid species in the Danube Gorge area and ascertained the presence of new orchid species in the research area: two new species in the Danube Gorge area (“Iron Gates” Nature Park): Epipactis purpurata Sm. and Listera ovata (L.) R. Br.

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Varlam, Carmen, Ioan Stefanescu, Stela Cuna, Irina Vagner, Ionut Faurescu, and Denisa Faurescu. "Radiocarbon and Tritium Levels Along the Romanian Lower Danube River." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045793.

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The Lower Danube Basin covers the Romanian-Bulgarian sub-basin downstream from Cazane Gorge and the sub-basins of the Siret and Prut rivers. To extensively survey the Romanian nuclear power plant impact on the Danube water, tritium and radiocarbon baseline values are required. Therefore, the reported study tried to establish these values based on a 2-yr sampling campaign covering 975 km of the Danube from Cazane Gorge to Tulcea. The tributaries Cerna, Jiu, Olt, and Arges were also included in this study. During the sampling campaigns, tritium concentration of different sampling locations showed values between 7 ± 2.1 and 33.5 ± 2.3 TU. Measured 14C activity for the same locations ranged between 88.45 ± 1.46 and 112.36 ± 1.56 pMC. Lower values were recorded for tributaries: between 8.3 ± 2.1 and 12.2 ± 2.2 TU for tritium and between 67.3 ± 1.29 and 86.04 ± 1.42 pMC for 14C. Despite the nuclear activity in the observed areas, tritium and 14C activities presented slightly higher values for specific locations without any influence on Danube River water.

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Aleksandar, Simić, and Mitrović Nemanja. "Djerdap Through the Centuries." Transylvanian Review Supplement 2, no. 2020 (2021): 227–51. https://doi.org/10.33993/TR.2020.suppl.2.14.

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This paper provides a diachronic overview of the history of the Djerdap Gorge (Porþile de Fier, Iron Gates) and the civilizations that have been associated with it from prehistory to modern times. The Djerdap Gorge had a very troubled history. In antiquity, it was thought to have divided the river into Danubius and Ister. Both banks of Djerdap were inhabited. The north was mostly inhabited by Dacians, and the south was eventually ruled by the Romans. From Emperor Trajan to Emperor Aurelian, the Romans held both banks of the Danube in that area. After the retreat of the Romans, numerous peoples took turns on the banks of the Danube: Byzantines, Slavs, Avars, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Romanians, Ottomans. The Danube was more often a border than a path to cooperation. With the establishment of modern states on its banks, the Danube was allowed to become a vector of trade and cooperation. The efforts of Romania and Serbia, later Yugoslavia, to regulate Djerdap were crowned with the construction of the Djerdap I and Djerdap II systems in the second half of the twentieth century.

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Drăgulescu, Constantin. "The Current State of Phyto-Coenological Research in the “Iron Gates” Danube Gorge (Banat, Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (2014): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0033.

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Abstract The author of the study writes a concise history of the phyto-coenological research conducted previously in the Danube Gorge; he notes the papers and the respective publishing years for the botanists who contributed with research to the knowledge of the cormophyte vegetation along the aforementioned sector of the Danube River. 55 important papers are highlighted, authored by fifty-four specialists in the years 1931-2006.

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Antonić, Branislav. "Cultural Heritage as the Basis of Tourism Planning in Depopulating Regions: The Case of The Iron Gates, Serbia." Cultural and Historical Heritage: Preservation, Presentation, Digitalization 10, no. 2 (2024): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.55630/kinj.2024.100202.

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The Iron Gates on the Danube is the longest gorge in Europe. As such, it is primarily known by its natural beauty and scenery. Its size and special natural conditions have also influenced the creation and preservation of interesting places of cultural heritage and folk tradition and culture. The isolation of the Iron Gates as a difficult-to-access gorge divided between two countries – Romania and Serbia – has hindered the development and promotion of this region for many years, causing further extreme depopulation. However, in the last 15 years, better cooperation between the two countries and growing tourism along the Danube as an international river have increasingly revealed the cultural heritage of the gorge to foreign tourists. Spatial and urban planning in the Serbian part of the Iron Gates have significantly contributed to individual places of cultural heritage becoming destinations within this tourist region. This paper presents the positive and negative experience of planning in order to promote the given cultural heritage in this still depopulated region.

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Băbăț, Andrei-Florin, and Sorin Pavel. "Tourism development in the borderlands of Romania: A case study of the Danube Gorge–Iron Gates." Quaestiones Geographicae 41, no. 4 (2022): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2022-0037.

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Border areas are a real challenge for tourism development. Usually associated with the periphery from a socio-economic point of view, these areas often have natural potential and attractive landscapes that have been little transformed by human activity and numerous historical and cultural tourist attractions. Although these areas have considerable tourism potential, this is not sufficient for the sustainable development of tourism and the exploitation of this potential is strongly influenced by the degree of permeability of the border. This is the case of the Romanian-Serbian border, which overlaps the most spectacular sector of the Danube – the Iron Gates Gorge. The main aim of this article is to analyse the role of tourism in the development of border areas and how it functions in a particular territorial context: the Danube Gorge located at the border between Romania and Serbia. The Romanian-Serbian border currently functions as an external border of the European Union in a favourable historical and political context, given the tradition of good neighbourliness between the two entities, the states located on either side of the Danube. However, the communist period altered the prospects for tourism development in this region through a very drastic and controlled border regime, even though the area benefited from major investment projects, such as the dam and hydroelectric power station at Porțile de Fier, built in the 1970s in cooperation with the former Yugoslavia. An analysis of the statistical data on tourism development shows that tourist traffic is on the increase, although there is a contradiction between the upward trend in tourist flows and the backwardness of large-scale tourist infrastructure, with the dominant type of accommodation being small, flexible, and rural accommodation that does not require large investments. The results presented in this article can be summarised in the general conclusion that the development of tourism in the Danube Gorge–Iron Gates remains dependent on the political factor and the border regime, even though the region has a remarkable tourism potential.

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Rakočević, Selena. "Dancing in the Danube Gorge: Geography, dance, and interethnic perspectives." New Sound, no. 46 (2015): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1546117r.

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This paper will look at dance practices of Romanian and Serbian villagers along the Danube Gorge which historically functioned as a natural and political boundary. Opportunities for dancing in all villages in the Gorge are still very common and frequented especially during the summer time. Based on my field research, carried out since 2011, the paper examines the contemporary dance practice of this region. My methodological orientation will be based on the ethnochoreological investigation of diverse repertoires, but also diverse dance structures as "predictable" dance texts designated during previous times as Romanian or Serbian, which are interpolated by the villagers. The notion of geographical place considered in the sense of a distinct "culture area", which, according to Bruno Nettl is grounded in the history of ethnomusicology, but also ethnochoreology, will be challenged by applying Martin Stokes' concept of (geographical) place as a social construction which involves notions of difference and social boundary. The following question will be raised: In what way does contemporary village dancing in the Danube Gorge correspond to the idea of establishing Romanian society as a part of the New Europe? In what way does the current (re)positioning of this historically and geographically distinct territory influence its contemporary dance practice? How is the concept of the ethnic dance (Romanian and Serbian) recognized both by insiders (villagers) and outsiders (the State institutions and scholars) and does this correspond to the new social and political context of contemporary Romanian society?

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Schneider-Binder, Erika. "Phytogeographical Importance of the Mountains along the Danube Mountain Gap Valley and Surrounding Area." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (2014): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0030.

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Abstract The Danube mountain gap valley between Romania and Serbia is known for its high biodiversity, represented by many xero-thermophilous species, phytocoenoses and habitats of Southern origin. The occurrence of these species and phytocoenoses is strongly related to the geographical position on the continent, with related climate conditions and the geomorphological structure. The different phyto-geographical regionalisation highlights the uniqueness of the area, being the meeting point of species with their Northern, Southern, Western or Eastern limit in the Danube Gorge break. Here are presented the identifying species of characteristic phytocoenoses, threatened species and typical habitats with relevance for the European Natura 2000 network.

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Љ. Судимац, Нина. "ОСОБИНЕ КОНСОНАНТСКОГ СИСТЕМА СРПСКИХ ГОВОРА У РУМУНИЈИ (СВИНИЦА)". PHILOLOGIA MEDIANA 15, № 1 (2023): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/phm.15.2023.20.

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The paper presents the consonant features of Serbian speech in Romania, the region of Danube Gorge. Based on the field research conducted in September 2022, in Svinita, the most important consonant lines of this speech were presented, and they were compared with the neighboring speeches described. The research found almost all required consonant characteristics, as well as the numerous matches recorded in the descriptions of neighboring speeches.

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Denda, Dalibor. "The Danube as a Significant Line of Communication and Strategic Barrier for Serbia and Yugoslavia in the First Half of the Twentieth Century." Central-European Studies 14, no. 5 (2022): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2022.5.3.

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In the first half of the twentieth century, the Danube was extremely important to Serbia and Yugoslavia in two ways. Firstly, it served as a communication line that played a significant role in the economy, especially that of the Kingdom of Serbia. Secondly, it served as a strategic barrier in wartime. The Danube's importance became even more evident during the so-called “Customs War”, or “Pig War” with Austria-Hungary between 1906 and 1911, which resulted in Serbia's economic independence. During the First World War, the Danube was not only a natural obstacle on the Austrian front, but also a strategic communication and supply line for both the Entente and the Central Powers. The control of the river, together with gaining full control of the Belgrade — Niš — Sofia — Constantinople railway line, was the main reason for the joint Austro-Hungarian, German and Bulgarian campaign against Serbia in October 1915. During the campaign, the Germans crossed the Danube in their section of the front line, which at the time was the largest crossing operation of the river in military history. After the First World War, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia gained the largest commercial fleet on the Danube through reparations. Between the two world wars, more than 40 % of Yugoslavian goods were exported along the Danube. In the late 1930s, the Danube’s role in supplying Nazi Germany with raw materials from the Balkans, especially Romanian oil, increased. The only place suitable for sabotage operations to destabilize the supply of the German war machine was the Iron Gate, a narrowing of the Danube at the Yugoslav-Romanian border. The importance of the Danube River was demonstrated during the April 1941 war, when Germany actually attacked Yugoslavia on the night of 5–6 April 1941, capturing the Sip Canal, the most important of the seven canals cut through the Iron Gate Gorge, guarded by the Yugoslav Army. In the Second World War, the Allies bombed many ports on the Danube and German ships carrying oil. Supplies were interrupted by the joint Soviet-Yugoslav offensive, which ended in the liberation of Belgrade. Finally, the largest battle of the Second World War in Yugoslavia, fought by the Red Army and the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army, took place from 11 to 29 November 1944, near the village of Batina, on the right bank of the Danube.

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Mazilu, Mirela, Amalia Niță, and Ionuț-Adrian Drăguleasa. "Resilience of Romanian Tourism to Economic Crises and Covid-19 Pandemic." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 20 (January 9, 2023): 328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.31.

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In recent years, tourism industry has become a very important sector within the national economy and for this reason, the tourism industry in Romania is considered to have an important role in achieving the objectives defined by the European Commission through the Agenda 2020. The resilience of Romanian tourism to economic crises is characterized by the involvement of all social and age categories in tourist activities, the tourist promotion of Romanian destinations in international circuits, the complexity of the forms of tourism within the destinations in Romania, the expansion of forms of tourism in disadvantaged areas, etc. During the economic crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, tourism represented a means of growth, development and capitalization of rural spaces for the locals because, during the restrictions imposed by the authorities, the majority of tourists chose tourist stays in rural areas due to the calm, peaceful and wonderful scenery with a lot of experiences as horse riding, climbing, hiking, etc. The geographical location of Romania underlines a variety of natural components and landscapes, which outline partly the country's tourist potential: the Romanian Carpathians, the Danube River, the Black Sea with its coastline, the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, the Danube Gorge, flora and fauna of Romania and the man-made landmarks (monasteries, churches, etc.).

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Valjarevic, Aleksandar, Dragica Zivkovic, and Aleksandra Petrasevic. "Fractal analysis in digital cartographic modeling of Miroc mountain." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 2 (2015): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd140712008v.

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Miroc is a mountain in Eastern Serbia placed between Donji Milanovac and Tekija in Negotinska Krajina. The highest mountain summit is Veliki Strbac, 768 metres above sea level. Miroc is the most protruding part of Eastern Serbia and the most western part of the Djerdap Mountain Massive. The mountain is surrounded by the Danube from all the sides. Miroc Mountain, Veliki and Mali Srbac, the Danube River, the Djerdap Gorge, Veliki and Mali Kazan are the real place of world permeation both on land and in the water. This embraces the territory of nearly 500 km2. Fractal Geometry is a sort of new language used for describing, modeling or analyzing complex shapes in nature. A fractal is a diminished unity copy; the type that resembles itself. The work objective is to show the possibility of using computer analyses as well as the programme languages Python, C++, GIS software, Global Mapper 15.2 and QGIS/a in the example of Miroc Mountain morphometric features.

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Lončar-Raičević, Aleksandra, and Nadežda Jović. "A contribution to the accentual characteristics in Svinica (Romania)." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 53, no. 4 (2023): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp53-43617.

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This paper represents the continuation of phonetic-phonological research within the project Research on the Culture and History of the Serbs in Romania, which takes place under the auspices of the Center for Scientific Research and Culture of the Serbs in Romania. It is based on field research conducted during September 2022, in Serbian settlements in the Danube Gorge in Romania (Svinica). The analysis of accent characteristics-the inventory and distribution of prosodes in the speech of Svinica-revealed that it is a specific mixed speech type in which elements of the three-accent system are present, but also the process of simplification and liquidation of tonal oppositions and the appearance of an expiratory accent, which is characteristic of the speeches of Eastern Serbia. The analysis of the linguistic material presented in the paper supports the thesis concerning the autochthonous Serbian population in the Banat Gorge.

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Roksandic, Mirjana. "Violence in the Mesolithic." Documenta Praehistorica 33 (December 31, 2006): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.33.16.

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The Mesolithic populations of the Danube’s Iron Gates Gorge (Serbia/Romania) spanned over 1500 years (from before 7000 BC to around 5500 BC) in one of the more favourable foraging environments of Europe. Over most of this period, the dominant economy was foraging, but farming was practiced by communities in the region from around 6500 BC. This research examines individuals from four sites on the Danube (Lepenski Vir, Vlasac, Padina, and Hajdučka Vodenica) whose traumatic lesions can be most plausibly interpreted as resulting from violent interactions. Given the number of individuals buried at these sites (MNI = 418), the episodes of violent interactions were few and without evidence of a specific temporal pattern. They probably represent sporadic episodes of interpersonal conflict that do not support the notion of endemic warfare deemed typical of the Mesolithic, or elevated levels of interpersonal/intertribal conflict at the time of contact with farming communities. The difference in the pattern of violence between the Mesolithic sites on the right bank of the Danube and a coeval site of Schela Cladovei on the left bank is explained in terms of differences in archaeological context, geographic location and possibly specific local histories.

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Gatejel, Luminita. "Overcoming the Iron Gates: Austrian Transport and River Regulation on the Lower Danube, 1830s–1840s." Central European History 49, no. 2 (2016): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000327.

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AbstractThis article deals with early efforts to facilitate steam navigation between Vienna and Constantinople along the Danube. In addition to analyzing the complex negotiation processes that enabled the first regulation project at the so-called Iron Gates, a narrow gorge situated at the Austrian-Ottoman border, it assesses ways in which the new shipping connection transformed the cultural and spatial perceptions of travelers. The article argues that even though the plan for making the Iron Gates navigable was set out on the drawing boards of engineers and in the cabinets in Pest and Vienna, local circumstances changed its practical implementation in a number of important ways. The success of this major engineering operation relied on close cooperation among hydrological experts, state representatives, and entrepreneurs, all of whom had different stakes in the project but still shared a common interest. Establishing a shipping connection to the Black Sea along the Danube was thus the result of an alignment of interests among Hungarian, Viennese, and local Ottoman authorities; a careful match between theoretical knowledge and practical engineering work; and, last but not least, the surmounting of a mental separation between “Orient” and “Occident.”

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Snider, Jason. "Digital Geographies and Virtual Landscape Archaeology : Reconstructing the Iron Gates Castle System Under the Miasma of COVID-19." Hungarian Archaeology 10, no. 2 (2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36338/ha.2021.2.3.

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The Iron Gates gorge system is formed by the convergence of the Carpathians and Balkan mountain ranges that collide and plunge directly into the Danube River (Fig. 1). The geographical conditions of this region have created a frontier zone in different periods, and the historical context of this article deals specifically with the period between 1429 and c. 1435 when this castle system was placed under the control of a contingent from the Teutonic Order to help defend the Kingdom of Hungary against an impending Ottoman invasion. The Teutonic Order’s mission was a military expedition and King Sigismund’s use of a contingent from the Teutonic Order as a military force in this region was a part of his overall strategy to protect his kingdom from further invasion by Ottoman armies under Sultan Murad II (1404–1451). The Danube river, itself, at this time served as the frontier between the Kingdom of Hungary and the recently conquered Ottoman territory on the southern bank. The theme of this article centers on the application of traditional techniques of landscape archaeology to perform a military analysis of these fortifications in the Iron Gates castle chain using more novel avenues of research- given travel bans and other restrictions brought about by the on-going Corona-19 crisis.

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Curtean-Bănăduc, Angela. "Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Northern Tributaries of the “Iron Gates” Gorge (Danube River)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (2014): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0039.

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Abstract The paper presents the structure of the benthonic macro-invertebrates communities in the Berzasca, Sirinia, Liubcova, and Mraconia rivers. The results are based on quantitative benthos samples (95 samples), collected in July 2014 from 19 sampling stations within the study area. In longitudinal profile, the benthonic macro-invertebrate communities of the Sirinia, Liubcova and Berzasca rivers displays relatively large structural variability, while the communities of the Mraconia River displays smaller structural variability. The structure of the benthonic macro-invertebrate communities correlated with the biotope characteristics indicates the good ecological status of the analysed rivers, with the exception of the Berzasca River sector downstream of the town of Berzasca and immediately upstream of the Danube junction, a sector with moderate ecological status due to negative effects from man-made modifications in the lotic biotope of the sector.

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Ђорђевић Белић, Смиљана. "ИЗ ФОЛКЛОРА СРБА У ДУНАВСКОЈ КЛИСУРИ". ИСХОДИШТА 8, № 1 (2022): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/ish.8.2022.22.

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The author of this paper conducted field research on the traditional culture and folklore of Serbs in the Danube gorge in June 2017. within the project Research of the History and Culture of Serbs in Romania. Field conversations included, in addition to topics related to traditional culture, oral history, everyday life and the like. The scientific interests and the primary area of research of the author conditioned the more intensive introduction of issues related to verbal folklore, and a relatively wide corpus of folklore material was obtained. Attention is focused on the folklore material recorded in the interview with the interlocutor from Belobreška: ballads, wedding songs, love songs. The texts are commented through the analysis of stylistic and motive characteristics and comparison with previously published variants.

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Ile, George-Adelin, Alexandra-Roxana-Maria Maier, Achim-Mircea Cadar, Severus-Daniel Covaciu-Marcov, and Sára Ferenți. "Dead snakes and their stories: morphological anomalies, asymmetries and scars of road killed Dolichophis caspius (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Romania." Herpetozoa 33 (May 14, 2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e51338.

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We analysed several morphological characters of 84 road-killed D. caspius individuals from different areas of southern Romania. Most presented asymmetries in the total number of temporal scales, the temporal row and the periocular and labial scales. Almost a quarter of snakes had scars, located especially on the head and tail; many individuals had multiple injuries. The lowest rate of individuals with scars was found in the area with the least anthropogenic impact (Danube Gorge). This finding suggests that, in other areas in Romania, the species is threatened and lives in less optimal conditions. The number of individuals with asymmetries and scars differed according to the populated region, sex or size class. Most of the individuals were killed in August, due to the large number of road-killed juveniles.

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Ile, George-Adelin, Alexandra-Roxana-Maria Maier, Achim-Mircea Cadar, Severus-Daniel Covaciu-Marcov, and Sára Ferenți. "Dead snakes and their stories: morphological anomalies, asymmetries and scars of road killed Dolichophis caspius (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Romania." Herpetozoa 33, no. () (2020): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e51338.

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Kovac, Milica, Branislav Kovacevic, and Sasa Orlovic. "Variability of some traits of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in the test of half sib, originating in the Djerdap forest." Genetika 54, no. 3 (2022): 1411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203411k.

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As part of efforts for protection and restoration of variability of Juglans regia in Djerdap gorge, Serbia, where it grows as autochthonous relict species, the variability of ten measured and nine derived leaf morphometric parameters of half-sib progenies Persian walnut originating from Djerdap gorge was studied in this work. According to the contribution to total expected variance, parameters that were most effected by differences between half-sib progenies are leaf width (LW), side leaflet length (lL) and top leaflet length (20-30%). Using loadings with the first four rotated principal components, describing 90.1% of total variance, all parameters were grouped in four groups, where parameters LW, lL and lt were in the first group, suggesting multicollinearity between them. These parameters had also relatively high loadings with the first canonical variable from canonical discriminant analysis. Only one of them (lt) was selected by forward stepwise discriminant analysis, where model with four selected leaf parameters achieved 26.5% of correct allocation, while model with all studied parameters achieved 62.4% of correct allocation. Half-sib progenies agglomerated in three clusters, where two small clusters originate from trees that were close to sheltered valleys of small tributaries to river Danube, opposite to mother trees of the first cluster progenies, that were exposed to dominant winds.

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Lončar-Raičević, Aleksandra. "About the accentual characteristics of the variety of Serbian used in the Danube Gorge (Divič)." Зборник радова Филозофског факултета у Приштини 48, no. 2 (2018): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp48-17088.

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