Dissertations / Theses: 'Dar es-Salaam (Tanzanie)'

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Roy, Cécile. "Une ville du Sud dans la mondialisation : Dar es Salaam et le système Monde." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30056.

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Messer, Valérie. "La gestion de l'eau à Dar Es-Salaam (Tanzanie) : Défaillance institutionnelle et réponses citadines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01261241.

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C'est en tant que révélateur de la gestion urbaine que l'eau est abordée dans cette thèse. L'eau est un besoin vital pour la vie, de ce fait elle suscite de nombreuses mobilisations. Par conséquent l'étude de la gestion de l'eau permet de rendre compte des dynamiques urbaines en particulier dans une ville où le service de distribution de l'eau est défaillant. Dar Es-Salaam souffre en effet d'un sous-équipement global et l'eau n'apparaît plus comme un facteur d'urbanisation. Face à cette carence, le secteur de l'eau et de la gestion urbaine sont acculés à des réformes (privatisation et décentralisation). Parallèlement des initiatives nombreuses émergent du " bas " de la société. Ces initiatives d'ordre individuel ou collectif ont fait l'objet d'enquêtes menées dans six quartiers de la ville qui ont permis d'identifier des processus d'individuation, d'autonomisation et d'intégration. De cette atomisation gestionnaire et de la diversité des processus d'accès à l'équipement résultent une gestion fortement spatialisée génératrice de nouvelles discontinuités au sein de la ville. Par ailleurs, les réformes entérinent ces inégalités en réappropriant les initiatives locales et en favorisant la gestion communautaire des équipements, renforçant ainsi l'archipellisation
Water is approached in this thesis as a revealing toll of urban management. Water is vital for life, it generates many mobilisations. Consequently, the water sector studies could explain urban dynamics, especially in a city where water supply is failing. Dar Es-Salaam suffers from a global lack of equipment and urbanisation is not more explained by the presence or the absence of water supply. As a consequence of this inadequacy, the water sector and urban management are currently under reforms (privatisation and decentralisation), while inhabitants are organizing themselves. With the help of several surveys carried out in this thesis in six city neighbourhoods, individual and collective initiatives were identified belonging to individuation, autonomisation and integration processes. The multiplicity of the actors and the diversification of the processes created new discontinuities within the city. As a result, the city appears like an archipelago, with areas connected to the water network, areas served by boreholes and areas without any water management

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Becher, Jürgen. "Dar es Salaam, Tanga und Tabora : Stadtentwicklung in Tansania unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft (1885-1914) : mit 13 Karten und 11 Abbildungen und zahlreichen Tabellen /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37057540p.

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Raimbault, Franck. "Dar-es-Salaam : histoire d'une société urbaine coloniale en Afrique Orientale allemande (1891-1914)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010526.

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L'objet de ce travail est d'analyser les logiques démographique, économique, politique et culturelle ayant présidé au développement d'une ville dans une situation coloniale. Son intérêt est triple: la rareté des analyses du fait colonial allemand ; le faible nombre d'études portant sur la genèse des villes africaines coloniales; les spécificités de la région étudiée, la côte swahili, une vieille terre d'urbanité tournée vers l'outre-mer. La méthode d'analyse employée emprunte beaucoup à la micro-histoire: l'analyse est fondée le plus souvent possible sur des parcours individuels afin d'observer comment les habitants, chacun à leur niveau, ont contribué à la production d'une culture et d'un espace urbains spécifiques, en même temps qu'ils s'y inséraient. Nous avons ainsi pu observer l'importance du choix initial du colonisateur de s'appuyer sur la culture de la région, notamment la langue swahili, dans les équilibres sociaux de la ville : une rareté dans la colonisation de l'Afrique.

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Nkwera, Godfrey. "Public understanding of malaria in pregnancy : selected Dar es Salaam audiences' reception of the health education film Chumo." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017785.

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This study examines the impact of a health education film, Chumo, in Dar es Salaam on knowledge about malaria in pregnancy. Specifically, the study examines the meanings that the selected audiences make after watching the film. Drawing on the tradition of ‘reception studies’, the data for this study was generated through focus group discussions. These discussions were preceded by thematic analysis of the film and its script. An analysis of the audiences’ responses reveals that Chumo, mostly, successfully conveyed new knowledge about malaria in pregnancy, and reinforced existing knowledge bases about the disease. The audiences were able to ‘decipher’ most of the preferred meanings (of the producers) with regard to the disease, particularly in relation to the transmission of the disease and its prevention in pregnant woman. For example, the analysis indicates that both women and men become more aware of the importance of attending antenatal care sessions at local clinics (hereafter ANC). An interesting finding is that men, mostly, expressed a reluctance to attend ANC with their wives because they fear having to undergo HIV/AIDS testing. Men also expressed the sentiment that attending ANC is a women’s responsibility. The discussion groups also raised issues about the use of insecticide-treated nets - some people believe that using them will affect their health because of the chemicals used to treat the nets. From the reception analysis, various other meanings and themes, relating to the choice of storylines and gender stereotypes used in the story, were raised in discussion. The study attempted to assess whether the storyline was advantageous in conveying the core educational messages, or if some elements of the storyline either ‘got in the way’ or reinforced gender roles in ways that may or may not be helpful in terms of combatting malaria in pregnancy. The study also found that Chumo stimulated interpersonal communication, which may trigger behaviour change. It can be demonstrated, at least for the participants in these focus groups, that the film motivated positive attitudes towards behaviour change, i.e. created at least some intention to change. However, interpersonal communication and attitude to change are not, of course, actual change of behaviour: these elements only indicate the possibility of behaviour change in the future. Further study needs to be undertaken to explore whether the actual change took place and whether the change is a result of the exposure to Chumo.

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Hansen, Ruby, and Contreras Anahí Hormazábal. "Breastfeeding ans sexuality after childbirth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-170976.

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Background: Kubemenda is a word in Kiswahili and a conception that the infants‟ health will be negatively affected if the mother has sexual intercourse during the breastfeeding period. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore if nurses experience concerns among parents about sexuality during the breastfeeding period related to kubemenda. Furthermore, to investigate the nurses own perception and knowledge about kubemenda and if general information is given to the parents about breastfeeding and sexuality as well as information related to kubemenda. Method: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with open and closed questions with six nurses that worked at Muhimbili National Hospital. All the interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed with content analysis. Result: Kubemenda was defined as ill health in infancy caused by the mother having sexual intercourse during the breast-feeding period. This cultural belief was used as an old fashioned way of family planning. There was a non-existing relation between breastfeeding and kubemenda according to the nurses but they experienced concerns among mothers about timing of sex resumption related to kubemenda. It was hard for the nurses to manage the influence of family-members when informing and educating the mothers about sexuality. There were no guidelines as to what information they should provide regarding kubemenda. Conclusion: Kubemenda is still an existing problem in the society that is hard to eliminate due to strong cultural influence. There is an imminent need of national guidelines for health personnel as to what information they should provide regarding kubemenda.
Bakgrund: Kubemenda är ett ord på Kiswahili och innebär en uppfattning om att barns hälsa påverkas negativt om mamman har samlag under amningsperioden. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om sjuksköterskor upplever oro bland föräldrar om sexualitet i samband med amningsperioden relaterat till kubemenda. Vidare var syftet att undersöka sjuksköterskors egen uppfattning och kunskap om kubemenda samt om generell information ges till föräldrarna angående amning och sexualitet samt information relaterat till kubemenda. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes bland sex sjuksköterskor som arbetade på Muhimbili National Hospital. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Kubemenda definierades som ohälsa bland spädbarn där orsaken var att mamman hade samlag under amningsperioden. Denna kulturella uppfattning användes som traditonell familjeplanering. Det fanns inget samband mellan amning och kubemenda enligt sjuksköterskorna men de upplevde oro bland mammor angående sexuell avhållsamhet relaterat till kubemenda. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde det svårt att hantera familjens kulturella inflytande på mamman när de informerade om sexualitet. Det saknades riktlinjer för vilken information som skulle ges angående kubemenda. Slutsats: Kubemenda är fortfarande ett problem i samhället som är svårt att avlägsna på grund av starkt kulturellt inflytande. Det finns ett behov av riktlinjer för vårdpersonal om vilken information som ska ges till patienter angående kubemenda.

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Warke, Kathleen Joy. "Praise and empowerment, performing mapambio in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/MQ46996.pdf.

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Laurie, Emma Whyte. "The embodied politics of health in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6380/.

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Considerable attention has been given over to the politicisation of life within the 21st century: the threat of new disease and the promise of new drugs; the advancement of technology capable of transforming live anew; and the recasting of biological citizenship. This thesis, however, responds to the growing calls, made by the likes of Kearns and Reid-Henry (2007), to consider the other side of our contemporary biopolitical regime and the avoidable suffering that is played out against this backdrop of possibilities. Utilising malaria as the disease specific entry point, the thesis aims to disclose the way in which health is mediated by (biological) events within the body as well as (political) events outside of the body and explore the dialogue that takes place across the body’s fleshy barrier. In doing so, I aim to interrogate the injustice and reveal the structural violence anonymously enacted through systems but personally embodied by certain individuals. Thus, the thesis contributes to, and moves forward, the on going work on the critical geographies of global health by traversing scales, bringing the critical conversations that have been predominantly focused at the all-too-impersonal global level down to those ‘at the sharp end’ (Dixon and Marston 2011, 445), ensuring such voices join the conversation and speak back to the global narrative. In doing so I provide a more geographically and personally attuned account of the ‘epidemiology of inequality’ (Sparke and Anguelov 2012) currently being sketched out within the discipline. By embedding personal experiences of (ill)health within a national and international context, I work to ensure that such episodes of illness are not framed as sad, unfortunate, biologically inevitable, or bad luck, but unequivocally as episodes of violence (after Craddock 2009). The thesis does so through a series of distinct chapters, each offering different perspectives yet threaded together with the themes of (structural) violence and the valuation and management of life today. From an initial focus on the (de)valuation of life implicit in an economic conceptualisation of the disease burden within the global health arena, the thesis goes on to focus on the politics of life from the perspectives of individuals themselves. Drawing on conversations with women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, the thesis seeks to recover the journeys travelled to and through the health system, pausing to reflect on the situations that influence the contours of this journey as well as the biological consequence of them.

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Mkoba, Egfrid Michael. "An investigation into the physiotherapy management of neck pain at the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6477_1242718577.

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Neck pain is a common health problem affecting the general population and it can be associated with significant activity limitation, It contributes to a number of lost work days and high costs in its management. The purpose of this study was to identify the trends in the physiotherapy management of patients suffering from episodes of neck pain at the physiotherapy department of the Muhimbiki Orthopaedic Institute (MOI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

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Bousquet, Anne. "L'accès à l'eau des citadins pauvres : entre régulations marchandes et régulations communautaires (Kenya, Tanzanie, Zambie)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194126.

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Le Kenya, la Tanzanie et la Zambie mettent en place depuis le début des années 1990 des réformes marchandes de leur secteur de l'eau potable, sous la houlette des bailleurs de fonds internationaux. Dans les trois capitales étudiées (Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, Lusaka), l'histoire des réseaux d'eau montre un constant décalage entre desserte et urbanisation : celui-ci traduit l'échec de la généralisation de l'accès au réseau d'eau, de « l'apartheid hydrique » de la période coloniale, à la gestion publique post-indépendance. Pour remédier à la crise des réseaux, les réformes néo-libérales proposent, pour l'accès à l'eau des pauvres, des « solutions alternatives » consacrant la diversification marchande de la norme de service et la segmentation des clientèles. Les configurations locales multiples (appréhendées au moyen d'enquêtes-ménages), de la spatialisation à la territorialisation du service, permettent, à l'échelle de la ville, un progrès de l'équité spatiale en termes d'accès, mais les progrès de l'équité sociale sont plus ambigus. Les dispositifs de régulation se sont eux aussi fortement diversifiés, articulés autour des trois figures de l'usager, intervenant dans la mutation des relations entre services et espaces urbanisés : ils opposent gouvernance micro-locale et régulation à une échelle méso des territoires. Les autorités publiques, prenant conscience des implications de leur disqualification en tant que fournisseur direct de services, au profit des collectifs d'usagers, encadrés par des ONG et co-produisant le service d'eau, tentent de recentrer la régulation municipale mais se heurtent à l'héritage de la gestion urbaine en archipel.

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Kiwara, Lekamere. "Urban Renewal Policy on Housing Conditions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190035.

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With increased urbanization around the world, accessing land as well as housing in urban areas presents huge development limitations. This master thesis will explore the relationship involving law as well as development through examination of ways in which law affects the regulatory structures that govern official accessibility to land along with housing processes. It can be argued that legal reforms affect ways in which regulatory frameworks are articulated that in turn influence the efficient and unbiased processes whereby poor people in urban areas may have formal access to housing as well as land. This thesis focuses on the urban renewal policy on housing conditions in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Other mega cities within Africa such as Johannesburg in Southern Africa tends to have several post-legal-reform positive trends involving the processes compared to Dar es Salaam, thus illustrating the role played by law as an important tool that can be used to achieve development and bring change in urban areas.

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Moyer, Eileen Marie. "In the shadow of the Sheraton imagining localities in global spaces in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/69173.

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Vidmar, Hannah Marie. "`Sikia: Hip-Hop and the Politics of Language and Public Space in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587658348774363.

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Geissbühler, Yvonne. "Ecology and epidemiology of integrated malaria vector management in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." Basel : [s.n.], 2008. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8215.

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Krolikowski, Aaron Michael. "Mobile-enabled payment methods and public service delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:07feeaf5-fde9-4fc0-a86a-112fd78fb402.

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Rapid expansions of mobile communication technologies across sub-Saharan Africa have generated considerable optimism regarding their impact on socioeconomic development outcomes. Key payment applications, such as mobile-enabled payment instruments (i.e. SMS-based mobile money and wireless pay point services) are experiencing substantial adoption in East Africa and Dar es Salaam was the first city in sub-Saharan Africa to integrate these payment instruments into the urban water sector in mid-2009. Tanzania's largest city is demonstrative of the potential of mobile communication technologies to overcome water provision challenges such as inefficient billing and collection systems and revenue under-collection. This thesis uses Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) as an organising theoretical perspective to examine relationships between the use of mobile-enabled payment methods for water bill payments and customer payment behaviours, water utility performance, and access to water services. Data were collected using a survey methodology that tested hypotheses related to financial sustainability, petty corruption, satisfaction and service quality in payment practices, and neighbourhood resale in the informal water sector. Data sources include a survey administered to a stratified random sample of 1097 water utility customers; 42 semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders within the water sector and telecommunications industry; and a unique water payments database with information on approximately 1,000,000 water-related transactions made by over 106,000 customers. Qualitative and quantitative analyses provide evidence that the use of mobile-enabled payment methods can significantly improve customer payment behaviours (i.e. frequency of payment, annual revenue collection per customer), reduce opportunities for petty corruption (i.e. theft, bribery, and record-keeping), and support better access to improved water sources by unconnected households through neighbourhood resale practices. Implications for urban water provision in sub-Saharan Africa include higher collection efficiencies, more active customer bases, and wider direct and indirect reliance on utility-provided services. This thesis also contributes to ICTD scholarship by providing evidence that the use of mobile-enabled payment methods represents a disruptive transformation that enables more extensive and active citizen participation in the billing and payment processes of public service provision.

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Hellerud, Emil. "The power of expectations : News media confidence among social audiences in Dar es Salaam: An Mfs-study." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21599.

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In Tanzania, an ongoing private media boom operates within the frameworks of media laws dating back to the 1970s, restricting media freedom and enabling the government to keep some control of what is written on certain topics. This is widely acknowledged and makes Tanzania an interesting subject for studies of news media confidence from an audience perspective. Confidence is viewed as an attitude consisting of three components: the cognitive, the emotive and the behavioral component. The cognitive component consists of expectations and sought gratifications, the emotive component is the feeling of confidence or the disappointment of a failed expectation and the behavioral component includes what media an individual intends to use, which should not be mistaken for what media an individual is actually using. A quantitative questionnaire in Swahili was distributed to 84 randomly selected inhabitants of Dar es Salaam, almost equally distributed between three areas: the lower class area Mwanayamala, the middle class area Kimara and the upper class area Mikocheni. After finishing the quantitative study, 9 qualitative interviews were conducted with a representative selection of those answering the questionnaire. The interviews and questionnaires were conducted during November and December 2013 and all participants were guaranteed anonymity. Finding truthful information, getting education and entertainment was the most frequent sought gratifications from media usage. Media type, language and ownership were the medium characteristics most evidently affecting confidence. Religion, social status and interests were the individual characteristics most evidently affecting confidence. News media confidence turns out to be more about mutual understanding between the individual receiver and the sending medium, than perceived accuracy and independent monitoring of power.

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McLees, Leslie, and Leslie McLees. "Understanding the Urban: The Role of Open Space Agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12364.

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There is a fundamental shift in the way people are living on the planet. Over half of the world's population now lives in cities, yet many of these cities continue to struggle to provide basic services, infrastructure and food security for the billions of people who live in cities. Despite decades of intervention by international and national development agencies, cities in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly framed in apocalyptic and dystopian terms, serving as a warning of the dangers of overurbanization while being criticized for their lack of urban development. This contradictory framing poses the question of how a city and the people who live there actually survive. Building on emerging work in critical urban studies, this research examines how narrow definitions of what counts as urban hinder the understanding of cities in different regional contexts and limit our imaginations of how people survive and thrive in the face of the challenges that cities provide. To examine the idea of what is urban in the context of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, I use the lens of urban open space farms, large lots of land in the built-up environment of the city used for farming, to explore what makes farming urban, how the practice of farming contributes to and is embedded within urban systems, and how farms and farmers can illuminate the material practices and ephemeral experiences that constitute the reality of people's daily life in cities. I employ a methodology based on interviews, photo voice, mental mapping, and observation over time to explore the dynamics of farms as spaces and farmers as agents in constructing these spaces over time. The purpose is to contribute to a definition of the urban that moves past associations with capitalism and industrialization as the defining processes of the city towards one more inclusive of the way people experience these spaces, how they remake them to fit the city, and what this means for interventions that focus on the marginalization of people and the ways that cities fail, rather than how they actually work.

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Svensson, Tina, and Emma Ekvall. "Study of a Two-Storey Family House in theDar es Salaam Region, Tanzania." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20954.

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This final project is made as a Minor Field Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world and this is reflected in the way they live. Many people live in simple houses made out of mud, but the house that have been studied for this final project are a luxurious house from a Tanzanian perspective. The company that builds these houses are National Housing Corporation and it is this company that have provided drawings, information and educational visits. The purpose of this project is to gain knowledge about how a Tanzanian twostorey family house is constructed and designed. The aim is to evaluate if Swedish knowledge in building technique can be implemented to a Tanzanian two-storey family house concerning the climate, building structure and eco friendly construction. To be able to carry through with this final project a Minor Field Study has been executed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. During the field study educational visits, interviews and own observations has been made. By studying the drawings, read the interviews and look at photographs that were taken at the site several conclusions have been made. The foundation is the thing that differ the most from a Swedish villa. The slab is cast on underground walls and has only a mould around. Since it does not have a mould underneath the concrete can mix with the limestones and the drainage function is destroyed. The concrete strip that is placed underneath the underground walls has a damp proof membrane underneath which should be placed over the entire foundation structure. The roof is constructed by trusses and rafters in small dimensions. The dimensions could be increased to enlarge the distance between them. The windows are equipped with grilles that should protect from break-ins but also makes it harder to get out in case of fire. The upper slab is merged with the balconies and the balconies do not have an inclination out from the house. This could cause damages on the structure if water is stored there. The walls are made out of concrete which is the best material concerning the climate. To get an even better indoor climate the walls and the rest of the structure could be isolated so energy can be saved when the air conditioner is used. Tanzanian do not think in an eco friendly way but in this question a lot of improvements could be made. From a Swedish perspective there are a lot of things that can be improved on the studied house to get a more sustainable house concerning the structure, climate and eco friendly.
Detta examensarbete har gjorts som en Minor Field Study i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania är ett av de fattigaste länderna i världen och detta återspeglas i deras sätt att bo. Många människor bor i enkla hus gjorda av lera men huset som har studerats för detta examensarbete är ett lyxigt hus sätt ur ett tanzaniskt perspektiv. Företaget som bygger dessa hus är National Housing Corporation och är det bolag som har lämnat ritningar, information och ordnat studiebesök. Syftet med detta projekt är att få kunskap om hur en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla byggs och utformas. Målet är att utvärdera om svenska kunskaper i byggnadsteknik kan implementeras på en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion. För att kunna genomföra detta examensarbete har en Minor Field Study gjorts i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Under fältstudien har studiebesök, intervjuer och egna observationer gjorts. Genom att studera ritningar, läsa gjorda intervjuer och titta på fotografier som togs på plats har flera slutsatser gjorts. Grundkonstruktionen är det som skiljer sig mest från en svensk villa. Plattan är gjuten på underjordiska väggar och har bara en gjutform runt om. Eftersom det inte finns någon form under kan betongen blandas med kalkstenen och dräneringsfunktionen kan då förstöras. Betongdelen som är placerad under de underjordiska väggarna har en fuktspärr som också borde placeras över resten av grundkonstruktionen. Taket är konstruerat av takstolar och takbjälkar i små dimensioner. De små dimensionerna resulterar i att takstolarna och takbjälkarna måste sitta tätare än om de skulle ha haft större dimensioner. Fönstren är försedda med galler som ska skydda från inbrott, men de gör det också svårare att komma ut i händelse av brand. Det övre bjälklaget är hopgjutet med balkongerna och balkongerna har inte någon lutning ut från huset. Detta kan orsaka skador på konstruktionen om vatten samlas där. Väggarna är gjorda av betong som är det bästa materialet ur klimatsynpunkt. För att få ännu bättre inomhusklimat kan väggarna och resten av konstruktionen isoleras mot värmen så att energi kan sparas när luftkonditioneringen används. Tanzanier tänker inte på ett miljövänligt sätt, och därför finns det en hel del förbättringar att göra på det här området. Ur ett svenskt perspektiv finns det mycket som kan förbättras på det studerade huset för att få ett mer hållbart hus med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion.

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Mng'ong'o, Othmar Simtali. "A Browning process : The case of Dar es Salaam city." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149.

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20

Mushumbusi, Medard Zephyrin. "Formal and Informal Practices for Affordable Urban housing : Case study: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31949.

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This thesis attempts to ascertain the magnitude of the urban housingproblem in Tanzania and endeavours to evaluate the strategies that thegovernment has been employing to address this problem. Informal andformal practices in urban housing are compared. The role of networksand power relations are explored and discussed in relation to how theymay facilitate the provision of urban housing. By looking at urbanhousing from a governance perspective, the thesis explores thepotentials for delivery of urban housing A case study is carried out, looking at the housingpractices in urban areas from the perspective of actors and theirinstitutional domains of action. The aim is to ascertain the extent towhich the government, through its policies and through engagement ofother actors, could facilitate the supply of urban housing. The roles ofdifferent actors in the delivery and regulation of urban housing areinvestigated in the process of institutionalizing housing production. The study comprises eight chapters. The first twochapters present an introduction and the conceptual and theoreticalunderpinnings on which the research is based. Chapter three discusseshousing strategies in Tanzania and attempts to evaluate the regulatoryframework within which urban housing is provided. Chapter fourpresents the research methodology. Chapter five discusses findingsfrom the studied documents and findings from interviews with keypersons in the government and in the construction industry. Chaptersix presents findings from the case study areas. Chapter sevendiscusses findings from case study areas and uses findings fromchapter five as corroborating evidence. Chapter eight givesrecommendations including areas for further research. The main outcome of the study is that urban housing isstill far from being satisfactory despite different strategies and landand governance reforms by the government of Tanzania. The formalsystem is weak and the roles of key public actors are still bureaucratic,blurred and sometimes conflicting. As a result, there is littleparticipation of private actors and the civil society in the production ofurban housing. The thesis has found out that informal practices forurban housing tend to complement the weakening capacity of theformal system. However, the thesis argues that although the informalsystem of governance for urban housing is consolidating it proceedswithout being properly guided. Based on these findings, somerecommendations are given for policy intervention, and some areas forfurther/ future research are identified.
QC 20110330

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Massawe, Siriel Nanzia. "Anaemia in women of reproductive age in Tanzania : A study in Dar es Salaam." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5308-2/.

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Willems, Roos. "Embedding the refugee experience forced migration and social networks in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002281.

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Chaki, Prosper Pius. "Community-based surveillance and control of malaria vectors in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/7933/.

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Recent increase in political and funding commitments to malaria control have resulted in rapid scale up of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) as priority vector control interventions. Despite this increasing coverage and consequent substantial reductions of malaria burden, residual malaria transmission by outdoor-biting mosquitoes in particular, necessitates complimentary vector control strategies such as larval source management. More sensitive and scalable entomological surveillance tools are required to monitor the resultant lower transmission levels that persist across much of the tropics. The Urban Malaria Control Program (UMCP) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, implements a large-scale community-based (CB) larviciding programme with the aim of demonstrating operational feasibility of integrating larval control into routine municipal services, while utilizing community-owned resource personnel (CORPs) for its implementation. The goal of this study was to a better understanding of community participation in larval-stage vector surveillance and control, and to develop a practical, safe and affordable prototype for routine programmatic adult mosquito surveillance. Qualitative methods involving administering a set of unstructured interviews to CORPs were used to investigate their performance and demographic characteristics, their perceptions and reasons for participating in the UMCP. Ethnographic and historical resources were used to examine how ‘participation in’ and ‘responsibility for’ larval control is inter-articulated through scientific protocols, development practices, and the specific political history of Tanzania. Cross-sectional surveys were later used to assess the effectiveness of operational, community-based larval habitat surveillance systems within the UMCP by estimating the respective detection coverage and sensitivity levels by CORPs. Additionally, an intensive and extensive CB system for routine, longitudinal, programmatic surveillance of mosquitoes using the Ifakara Tent Trap (ITT) was developed and evaluated in comparison with quality assurance (QA) surveys using either ITT or human landing catches (HLC) and with malaria parasite prevalence from the cross-sectional surveys. Overall, CORPs’ individual detection coverage and sensitivity levels were poor, influenced by his/her unfamiliarity with the area, habitat type, fencing and inclusion within larviciding roll out. These indicators were particularly low among CORPs recruited through programme management staff, compared to those recruited by local government officials or health committees, and among staff living outside their areas of responsibility. The CORPs perceived their role to be professional rather than voluntary, with participation being a de facto form of employment. In spite of all challenges, the central coordination role played by the city council, coupled with catalytic donor funding and technical support from expert research partners, enabled institutionalization of strengthened management and planning and improved community mobilization. Capacity to exploit national and international funding systems was enhanced and a sustainable implementation program was ultimately established with funding from the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, overseen by the National Malaria Control Programme and implemented by the City and Municipal Councils. Management of this program is currently supported by a spatially extensive and temporally intensive community-based longitudinal adult mosquito vector surveillance system with predictive power for parasite infection risk.

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Nilahi, Crese Damas. "Work-related lower back pain among primary school teachers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4187.

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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)
Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common work-related health problems in economically developed countries and the most prevailing musculoskeletal condition that causes disability in the developing nations. School teachers are susceptible to LBP due to the nature of their daily work routine which is physically demanding and include common activities such as long hours of sitting, standing and bending that have been identified as risk factors for LBP. The aim of the study was to determine the role of work-related activities in the prevalence of LBP amongst primary school teachers in the Dar-es-Salaam region of Tanzania. To achieve this goal, the study sought to meet the following three objectives: to determine the prevalence of LBP among primary school teachers; to determine the work-related physical activities contributing to LBP among primary school teachers, and to determine and explore the application of kinetic handling principles in their daily work environment. The study was conducted in eighty randomly selected primary schools from the Temeke, Ilala and Kinondoni districts. A sequential explanatory mixed method approach was utilised. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections (socio-demographic information; the Nordic Back Pain Questionnaire and the Oswestry Lower back pain Questionnaire) was completed by two hundred and eighty six primary school teachers with a mean age of 41.2 years (SD=9.9), 78.7% female and 21.3% male. Thirty primary school teachers participated in the participant observation of the application of kinetic handling principles in their daily work environment and focus group discussions. Results of the study found that 17.1% of the teachers had LBP during the past week while 82.9% experienced LBP during the past year. In addition, 30.8% of the teachers had referred pain, mostly to the thigh area (43.9%). Less than fifty percent (43.5%) of the participants had severe pain in sitting (76 – 100mm on the VAS scale) while 26.9% was not able to sit for more than an hour while teaching due to LBP. A significant relationship was found for severe functional disability and gender (p=0.032). The study demonstrated poor application of kinetic handling principles at work. Factors impeding teachers’ efforts to implement best practices and back care techniques in their daily teaching activities were work environment (poor facilities and equipment; heavy workload and staff shortage) and uncertainty about desired practice. In order to address the higher prevalence of lower back pain the study recommended, inter alia, improvement of the work environment for teachers by providing proper office furniture, re-assessment of education standards such as students /class ratio, students/desk ratio and number of teachers for schools and lastly, the implementation of health education and health promotion strategies to prevent LBP amongst primary school teachers.

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Nilsson, Anna. "Using mass media as channel for healthcare information : A minor field study of audience’s media preferences in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24984.

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One of the main tasks for journalism is to provide people with the information they need to be able to make independent decisions that can help them improve their lives. In order to know that the media fullfils this task it is important to study how the information is received by the audience. This thesis aims to investigate if, and if so how, a selected group of people in Dar es Salaam use news media to inform themselves on problems regarding healthcare, and how they value the information on these topics.A minor field study was carried out in Dar es Salaam in April 2014. The study was limited to Dar es Salaam, the economic capital of Tanzania, because it holds the majority of the media. Three different residential areas were chosen for the study, these were Mwananyamala, which is a low-income area, Sinza, middle–income and Mikocheni, high–income. A survey questionnaire was distributed in each area, 30 in Mwananyamala, 31 in Sinza and 30 in Mikocheni, and in every area four interviews was preformed.According to the selection group there is plenty of healthcare information in the media that is useful to the audience but it is not seen to be very varied. Most information is about malaria and HIV/AIDS, which are two of the most common diseases in Tanzania, but many call for a broader reporting on health issues. Media is however a useful source of information, according to most of the respondents, and especially radio and television has a big impact since it reaches out to a large part of the population. This is a good thing as long as the information is factual and accurate, but several of the respondents believe that this is not always the case.

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Phoya, Sarah. "Poverty alleviation by using labour based infrastructure provision in informal settlements : the case of Dar Es Salaam City (Tanzania)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1058.

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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005
Labour based technology (LBT) is a strategy popularised by intemationa I organisations such as International Labour Organisation (lLO), United Nations Development Progranune (UNDP) and Word Bank, to address poverty, unemployment and infrastructure provision especially in informal urban settlements. More emphasis has been placed on using the LBT approach in sub-Saharan countries where unprecedented urbanisation is taking place leading to the formation of informal settlements, high levels of unemployment as well as poverty. The LBT approach has been implemented in many developing countries including Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. However, there is little available evidence on the long-term impact of LBT on poverty alleviation and employment creation opportunities. This study examined whether the labour-based approach to delivering infrastructure in informal settlements had impacted poverty alleviation and created sustainable employment opportunities. The study had five main objectives namely (I) To explore the situation of infrastructure in Oar es salaam informal settlements; (2) To eXlmine LBT with respect to the nature and characteristics of the various forms used in practice to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each form; (3) To identify the nature of LBT approaches used to upgrade informal settlements; (4) To explore the extent to which LBT in infrastructure provision can contribute to creating employment and alleviating poverty; and (5) To examine the extent of private sector involvement and community participation in present LBT approach in the three settlements. Literature was reviewed on using LBT approach to deliver infrastructure in informal settlements and its impact on poverty alleviation and creation of sustainable employment opportunities. The residents within the Hanna Nassif, Mabatini and Tabata informal settlements in Oar es Salaam Tanzania, were interviewed who participated in infrastructure provision projects. Semi-structured interviews were held with the community based organisations (CBOs), and local government authorities in the respective settlements. The study suggests that the LBT approach to deliver infrastructure in informal settlements has the potential to create large-scale employment opportunities as well as alleviate poverty. However, the extent of the effectiveness of the LBT approach to create large-scale employment and alleviate poverty is dependant on several factors such as the type of the project; duration of the project; the level of the wages paid, and the measure of skills transferred

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Kjellén, Marianne. "From Public Pipes to Private Hands : Water Access and Distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1212.

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In cities around the world, public water systems have increasingly come to be operated by private companies. Along with an internationally funded investment program to refurbish the dilapidated water infrastructure, private operations were tested also in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only about a third of the households, however, are reached by the piped water system there; most households purchase water from those with pipe-connections or private boreholes. Thus, water distribution was informally privatized by way of water vending long before formal private sector participation began. This thesis explores individual and collective endeavors in water development, distribution, and access, along with the global and local influences that shaped the privatization exercise. With regard to the lease of Dar es Salaam’s water system, the institutional set-up has been found to mix the British and French models, having influenced the local situation through development assistance and conditionalities tied to loans. The institutional contradictions may have contributed to the conflictive cancellation of the lease arrangement. Due to the public utility company’s lack of operating capital and investment planning, infrastructure development has responded mainly to immediate individual demands, resulting in a spaghetti-like network and structural leakage. The long-standing under-performance and low coverage of the piped water system have forced many people to devise their own ways to access water. This thesis argues that the individually-devised artisan ways of water provisioning constitute the life-line of Dar es Salaam’s water system. Yet, they also undermine and divert resources away from the collectively-devised industrial form of piped water provision.

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Nguluma, Huba. "Housing Themselves : Transformations, Modernisation and Spatial qualities in Informal Settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3494.

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This thesis is an attempt to address issues of housingtransformation in informal settlements. Transformation ofhouses is seen to be associated with modernisation forceswhereby people adapt their houses to suit their needs anddesires. On one hand the desire to own amodernhousemay lead to deterioration of spatial qualities, onthe other hand fulfilment of the desire may contribute to themodernisation of urban settlements. The informal settlement ofHanna Nassif was chosen as a case study to illustrate theprocess of housing transformations in informal settlement.Knowledge on the transformation processes serves as animportant tool to address issues of spatial qualities, housingmodernisation, actors in the processes of transformation anduse of space.

The results show that there is a wide range oftransformation activities that have been taking place in termsof extensions and alterations. The desire to modernise theirhouses impels developers to use modern building materials. Insome instances houses constructed with traditional buildingmaterials are replaced with industrially produced materials.Through transformation processes new house types emerge. Thestudy identifies problems as well as positive aspectsassociated with the whole process of housing transformation.The positive aspects are those of increased indoor space,increase of rooms for renting and in other cases separation offunctions. The problems emerging from this process include:decrease of outdoor space, increase of housing density,blockage of ventilation and light in the transformedhouses.

The study concludes that housing transformation being oneway in which lowincome earners strive to get access to housingdeserves government support, particularly in the absence ofalternative housing supply. It is further observed that todatemany urban dwellers have managed to secure housing as a directresult of house extensions effected by house owners. The houseextensions are being carried out outside the established formalplanning regulations. It is in the light of these developmentsthat there is a cause for government intervention to guidehousing development processes in informal settlements.Professionals like planners and architects should also assume arole for quality and sustainability to prevail. The study alsosuggests specific problem areas for further investigation.

Key words:Tanzania, housing transformation, informalsettlements, modernisation, spatial qualities and housetypes.

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Fintling, Carolina. "Flood Risk Perception in Tanzania : A Case of Flood Affected Arean in Dar es Salaam." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Human Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1387.

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The main objective of this study is to understand and asses flood risk perception among people living in Msimbazi Valley in Das es Salaam, Tanzania. Many of the people I have interviewed are experiencing flooding every year but it is rarely considered disastrous. Looked at individually they may not be disasters but cumulatively they may be. The rapid urbanisation, in this part of the world, forces people to live on hazardous but central land because of the livelihood opportunities available there. The government and the local communities are well aware of the risk of floods in the area and are considered as a serious threat to the families. People are still living in these areas because they find the benefits big enough to make up the risks.

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Mwamfupe, Davis G. "Changes in agricultural land use in the peri-urban zone of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568220.

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Kassim, Salha M. "Sustainability of private sector in solid waste collection: a case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/2336.

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This research examines the sustainability of private sector participation in urban service delivery in developing countries. The solid waste collection service in Dar es Salaam – Tanzania was used as a case study. Municipalities in Tanzania have not been able to cope with the rapid generation rate of solid waste coupled by the rapid urbanization. This resulted in a relatively large quantity of solid waste remaining poorly managed and uncollected, which left an obvious gap for other stakeholders to participate in service provision. The private sector took the opportunity, in the early 1960s, to fill the gap left by the public sector in service provision. The research found that there are factors affecting the sustainability of the private sector, which include: support from the public sector; capacity from the private sector in terms of collection vehicles and equipment; households’ attitudes and behaviour regarding the privatization of the service; the awareness and participation of households in the service; and involvement of households in decision-making. The research also identified that there is a missing-link between the households, public sector administration and the private sector. The research concludes that, taking into consideration the above factors, the proposed guidelines formulated in this study illustrate ways in which private sector involvement in solid waste collection in urban developing countries will be sustainable.

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Kjellén, Marianne. "From public pipes to private hands : water access and distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, Department of human geography, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410661953.

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Johansson, Niklas, and Saga Karlsson. "Water reuse in peri-urban areas : A case study of Kibondemaji, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256017.

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An increasing number of countries worldwide is becoming water-stressed, sub-Saharan Africa being one of the most recurrent regions within this discourse. Tanzania, one of the countries in the region, is no exception: large population growth has increased pressure on its precious water resources. The largest city, Dar es Salaam, has a poorly maintained and dimensioned water supply and wastewater system. However, as this system expands and more people are given access to the water network, the water consumption of the city is expected to increase. This is problematic for the whole city; however, peri-urban areas suffer the most from its consequences, e.g. periodical water shortages. This report seeks to investigate the potential for saving water in one of these peri-urban areas, Kibondemaji, by looking at fields of application and techniques for reuse of wastewater from showers. This is done via a literature review and interviews in the field in order to analyse and compare the different systems – reuse for tap water, irrigation and toilet flushing. The interviews showed that there is wide acceptance within the community for water reuse for toilet flushing but not for tap water or irrigation. Reuse for toilet flushing also requires less treatment than other fields of application, thus being the most promising technique for implementation in Kibondemaji.

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Dongus, Stefan. "Urban agriculture and operational mosquito larvae control : mitigating malaria risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8749.

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Chomi, Eunice Nahyuha. "Service provider's perceptions of the quality and accessiblity of health services under social health insurance in Dar-Es-Salaam." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/489.

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Social health insurance is a form of health care financing that has gained increased attention in African countries in the past decade. Tanzania introduced social health insurance by the establishment of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) in 1999 with, inter alia, the objective of improvement of the quality and availability of health services. The goal of this study was to determine the perceptions of services providers on the quality and accessibility of health services following the introduction of social health insurance. A qualitative approach was used to gain an insider's perspective from the service providers of how the services have changed following the introduction of the scheme. Individual interviews, observation and field notes were used to gather information on the quality and accessibility of health services under the policy of social health insurance. Data were analysed using Tesch's method of data analysis. The health workers generally perceived the fund as being beneficial to its members as it reduced the financial barriers to receiving health care. However, the objectives of the NHIF as a health financing mechanism were not adequately understood by the health workers. Although they perceived the quality of health services as having improved compared to previous years, they did not associate this improvement with the NHIF. The health workers also perceived accessibility of health services as having improved for insured patients but not for non-insured patients.

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Norström, Jennifer. "Battle for Kigamboni : The case of the Kigamboni redevelopment project, Dar es Salaam." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100179.

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A common theme of discussion raised by contemporary scholars is the making of cities competitive internationally to become a city of world class, which is argued to be the main priority facing urban planning and policy makers in the twenty-first century. These redevelopment projects are justified through various ways, however, mainly that they will spearhead economic development and increase national income. This study explores the Kigamboni redevelopment project in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It uncovers the vision and justification performed by the Government and it explores the tensions that emerged as a result of the lack of participation and transparency. When envisioning the future, the actors of the government pictures Kigamboni as very different from what it is today. It is argued that the urban visions of becoming modern are shaped without taking the different memories, stories and desires of the local residents of Kigamboni into consideration. In addition, the study illuminates the contestations by the residents, arisen in the context of the redevelopment project, with a main focus on a local organisation - the Kigamboni Committee. The community formed the Committee in order to reach an understanding of the project affecting them. The local association argues to represent the people of Kigamboni and aims to follow up on the project and undertake initiatives to highlight rights. However, the empirical findings reveals that it is questionable whether the Committee is actually representing the people of Kigamboni as they claim. The thesis further sheds lights on the importance to discuss the politics of social mobilisation.

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Janson, Johanna, and Emmy Wakäng. "Nurse's recommendations to HIV positive mothers about breastfeeding : A qualitative study performed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-143987.

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AIM: The aim of this study was to a) find out which recommendations are given by nurses regarding breastfeeding to HIV infected mothers, at Muhimbili hospital and the adherence of these, and (b) to find out the nurses’ opinions regarding the WHO recommendations and the parents’ adherence to these. The study will also look into if the nurses are aware of any changes in knowledge among the parents in an HIV context.METHOD: There were eight semi-structured interviews with open ended questions that were performed at Muhimbili Hospital. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed with content analysis.RESULT: The nurses’ recommendations are adapted to the mothers’ socio-economical situation. The benefits of replacement foods are emphasized if conditions are suitable, otherwise exclusive breast feeding is recommended. Some recommendations are difficult to follow due to poor sanitary standards, low economical standard and stigmatization. Cultural norms may affect the mothers’ choice of feeding method as it might raise suspicions in their community if they do not breastfeed. The knowledge of mother-to-child-transmission has increased but to reduce the transmission rates more knowledge is still needed and a change in attitude towards HIV infected mothers.CONCLUSION: The recommendations given by the nurses to HIV-positive mothers are not directly according to the ones by the WHO although the content is similar. The recommendations are adjusted in accordance to the Tanzanian women’s individual situation. Adherence problems to the recommendations are due to lack of economic recourses and stigmatization from the community. In order to improve the adherence of the given recommendations a reduction in stigmatization is needed, through increased knowledge and changes in attitudes.

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Dalum, Jesper, and Joel Lennartsson. "Knowledge, management and self-perception of oral health among students attending the University of Dar es Salaam." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8489.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge, management and self-perception of oral health among stundents attending the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study consisted of 273 students attending the teacher programme and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The result showed that 153 (58%) of the participants stated that the purpose of using fluoride was prevention of caries. The majority answered that bacteria and sugar in relation to caries was significant. The dominant source of oral health training was school. Toothbrush was the dominant cleaning aid and the usage of fluoride toothpaste was fairly high among the students. One hundred and forty nine (55%) respondents stated that they were in need of dental treatment and ninety-two (34%) students felt that life in general was less satisfying due to oral heath problems. The conclusion of the study was that the students show rather good knowledge concerning oral disease and its prevention but gaps in knowledge concerning underlying factors. The management of oral health seemed to be good among the students. Although, a significant number of students stated that they were in need of dental treatment, felt that life was less satisfying due to oral problems and had oral problems interfering with daily life.
Syftet med studien var att undersöka kunskapen om, skötseln av och självuppfattningen om den orala hälsan bland studenter på University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. I studien ingick 273 studenter som studerade till lärare, en enkät användes för att samla in data. Resultatet visade att 153 (58%) av studenterna uppgav att syftet med fluor var att förebygga karies. Majoriteten svarade att bakteriers och sockers relation till bildandet av karies var betydelsefull. Studenterna uppgav att skolan var den största källan till träning i oral hälsa. Tandborste användes som främsta hjälpmedel för att rengöra tänderna och användning av fluortandkräm var ganska hög bland studenterna. Etthundrafyrtionio (55%) av deltagarna uppgav att de var i behov av tandvård och nittiotvå (34%) att den orala hälsan gav upphov till att livet i allmänhet var mindre tillfredställande. Studiens slutsats är att studenterna hade ganska god kunskap om sjukdomar i munhålan och dess prevention men det fanns kunskapsbrister kring bakomliggande faktorer. Skötseln av den oral hälsa tros vara god. Trots detta uppgav ganska många av de studerande att de hade behov av tandvård, hade känt att livet var mindre tillfredsställande på grund av problem i munhålan och hade orala problem som påverkade det dagliga livet.

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Kocanda, Jakub, and Michael Kaguongo. "Reuse of Grey water in Peri-urban areas in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania : Minor Field Study." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4247.

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The purpose of this thesis is to understand and analyse the issues of grey water generation and disposal in peri-urban areas of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania and to propose a suitable solution to which includes designing a treatment system for grey water (water from shower, washing and kitchen). The purification will eliminate the sanitation issues that are brought by exposing untreated grey water to the environment as well save freshwater. This will be implemented with regard to local conditions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Water-borne and vector-borne diseases are mainly brought by untreated grey water, which sadly enough causes thousands of death cases every year in Tanzania. The year between 2004- 2005, 154551 cases of dysentery were reported with 170 deaths. It was also reported, 863488 cases of typhoid with 1167 deaths and last but not least 12923 cases of cholera from with 350 deaths. Deaths that were caused by diarrhoea were also reported, whereby, 90 % of them are children.

According to the interviews that were conducted, people would not want to recycle the grey water for example for washing due to socio-cultural context where water is considered dirty even after treatment. They had difficulties in believing that the same dirty grey water can be purified and reused again for various domestic activities.

The conducted characterisation of grey water showed the tested grey water has relatively high levels of BOD, basic pH, higher than average values of TSS, relatively low levels of DO, increased salinity and average level of FC. The analyses were performed on the most polluted grey water from every source. The volume of household produced grey water varies strongly, depending on socio-economic situation of the household and type of access to water supply. From estimation, the volume varies approximately between 60 -160 l/day and household for a low income household.

Living wall was proposed as grey water treatment system, because of its suitability to the peri-urban settlement and tropical climate. The system consists of concrete boxes placed over each other, filled with inner porous material and planted with plants. The system purifies grey water as it percolates through it and at the same time provides a vertical space for growing plants.

The plants for the treatment system were chosen to Typha latifolia and Scirpus species. The plants are growing in Tanzania and are being used for wastewater treatment purposes. The plants are tolerant to increased salinity and can grow in alkaline soil.

The cleaning effectiveness of the system was not tested, but only roughly estimated with help of values from a similar treatment system build in Gotland, Sweden.

Hence, the reuse of grey water in this geographical location suits best for irrigation in rural and peri-urban areas with potential for agriculture as well as groundwater recharge in the peri-urban and urban areas. Recharging groundwater with treated grey water has a potential to be observed as an indirect and long term reuse of the water as it reconnects in the hydrological cycle.

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Eriksson, Pontus. "Land for the Dead : Access to and Evolvement of Necral Land in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Human Geography, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-39975.

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This thesis is aiming to describe and understand the access to and evolvement of necral land (burial and crematory grounds) in Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania and one of the most rapid growing cities in Africa. The study is based on field work conducted in Kinondoni District during the spring of 2010. It could partly be described as intensive research, because it is done like a pioneer study, trying to describe and understand a phenomena; not so much trying to find out how widespread the phenomena is. The data was primarily produced through interviews with persons representing different actors. The result from the field study is that even if there are differences in costs and needs for permits to access the land, it seems like there are ways for everyone to bury or cremate a dead body. One common way of manage costs is to collect financial contributions from friends, family and neighbours. The problem however is the evolvement, where centrally located burial grounds are considered full but still used and the cemetery established by the municipality outside the centre is not used by city dwellers, because of the lack of information and the transportation cost.

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Kalegele, Mwengengwa. "Health promotion for hypertension: Knowledge, attitude, practise and perceptions of physiotherapists from Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6854.

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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)
Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for both cerebrovascular accidents and cardiovascular diseases, holistic and cost effective measure are called upon to reduce its impact on society. One of the methods advocated for achieving this is health promotion. Therefore, health professionals, including physiotherapists, are called upon to redirect their health care management approaches towards preventative care. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice as well as to explore the perceptions of physiotherapists regarding their role in the management of hypertension in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

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Doyle, Regan. "Slum economies : economic activity hubs in informal settlements : a case study of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111113/.

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This thesis seeks to provide a better understanding of the informal economy within informal settlements, particularly the importance of agglomeration economies or economic activity hubs (EAHs), within the context of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The research seeks to understand the spatial and economic networks of EAHs as their agglomeration processes, socio-cultural dimensions, and other factors or characteristics to determine potential drivers and operations of these economies. This research also examines the potential of GIS and spatial analysis as a tool in researching the informal economy in developing cities. This investigation was conducted through a case study of EAHs in two informal settlements in Dar es Salaam, Keko and Manzese, using a mixed-methods approach. In many developing cities, urbanisation and growth coincide with a large informal economy, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, despite research suggesting that the informal economy provides an important source of economic opportunity and development, many policies and planning practices still maintain a largely negative perception, resulting in marginalisation of the working poor. Most existing research on the IE has focused on street traders; however there is little research regarding economic activity occurring within low-income settlements. As the contexts in these spaces is very different, there is a gap in existing research regarding the role of clustering economies within the settlements as well as the wider urban economy. The research reveals that EAHs play an important role in not only informal settlements, but also the wider urban economy and operate with a high degree of specialisation and complex agglomeration processes. These economies are largely misunderstood or simply overlooked by the regulatory environment. A better understanding of the informal economy and the potential of EAHs may enable policy makers and urban planners to use the concept of informality to alleviate the incidence of working poverty in developing cities.

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Terry, Winnie Edward. "The Impact of Micro-Finance on Women Micro-Entrepreneurs in Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1151607775.

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Iddi, Mangi Namini Scholasticka. "Gender and small-scale enterprises following economic reforms: a case study of Dar-Es-Salaam." University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7795.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
This study is about Gender and small-scale enterprises following recent economic reforms in Tanzania. It deals with a case study of women entrepreneurs in Dar-es- Salaam, focusing on their prospects and problems, and the mechanisms they use to survive in a competitive free market. There is concern among policy analysts and gender activists that the economic reforms have negatively affected women entrepreneurs more than their male counterparts (Tibaijuka, 1992). However, these concerns have not yet been substantiated through detailed empirical evidence. The findings of my study reveal that it is a combination of factors which lead women entrepreneurs to establish small-scale enterprises. These motivating reasons are to fulfil the needs of their families such as school fees of their children. Similarly, Tanzanian women entrepreneurs start a small business so as to supplement their insufficient incomes, achieve independence and as a substitute to paid employment. However, they experience a variety of problems, such as the lack of business premises, high rental costs at commercial areas, competition, lack of start-up and working capital from banks and micro-financial institutions, lack of information, and bureaucracy around business licenses. Women entrepreneurs have developed various tactics to handle such difficulties they encounter in their businesses. These are: locating their enterprises in near or around their homes, employing relatives and other people, charging competitive and differentiated prices, diversifying their businesses, working for extra hours, and establishing informal credit associations. The recommendations are: the government should clarify and shorten the procedures of licenses and business premises acquisition, provide more commercial areas with cheaper rentals. Similarly, the government should be sympathetic towards women when it formulates and implements its developmental policies, women should be informed about available training opportunities. Future studies should investigate a larger sample of women entrepreneurs in small-scale enterprises involved in other sectors using the feminist research methods.

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Nahashon, Michael. "Conservation of Wild-harvested MedicinalPlant Species in Tanzania : Chain and consequence of commercial trade on medicinal plant species." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198222.

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Tanzania is endowed with more than 10,000 plant species, of which 1,100 are endemic. The coastal regions host most endemic species, due to its wide range of productive ecological conditions. Over 25 % of all species are used as wild-harvested medicinal plants. About 60% of the Tanzanian population in both rural and urban areas depends on traditional medicine and herbs as their primary health care, and as a means of generating income. This is due to high costs and unavailability of the universal healthcare, which was abolished in 1993. The aim of the thesis is to make a structured and a quantitative investigation to identify traded medicinal plants traded in markets of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania with a purpose to understand the chain and consequences of commercial trade on wild-harvested medicinal plants. A quantitative market research using free list surveys was used in combination with individually repeated in-depth structured and semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, Conservation Assessment and Planning Management method was used to prioritise species that are in need of conservation due to commercial trade. The results show that the chain of commercial trade of medicinal plant species begins in the forest and is then distributed to different stakeholders, such as harvesters, vendors, Traditional Healing Practitioners, consumers and exporters. The research also shows that the large urban and international demand of medicinal plant species supplied by the vendors and exporters is the major threat, specifically to destructively harvested species such as Cassia abbreviata, Zanthoxylum usambarense, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Myrsine africana, Milicia excelsa and Prunus Africana. These medicinal plants species are up-rooted and/or ring-barked and are therefore in need of conservation. This calls for several conservation guidelines such as policy and regulations, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, education and planting of the medicinal plant species in their natural forests as well as collecting samples of medicinal plant species in a herbarium. Policies can be implemented to conserve these species, for instance only allowing registered practitioners to harvest the medicinal plant species to a level that will sustainably balance the quantity of medicinal plant species in the forest and its supply. In conclusion, an important policy regulation could be an export tax on internationally-traded wild-harvested medicinal that is levied on the purchasing international pharmaceutical companies, which would then be used to fund the conservation of the medicinal plant species to retain a sustainable wild stock. More investigation on the actual population sizes of these plant species is needed in order to secure their existence and contribute to sustainable development both socially and environmentally

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Omer-Salim, Amal. "Mothers’ Agency in Managing Breastfeeding and Other Work in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and New Delhi, India." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247759.

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Combining breastfeeding and other forms of work is desirable from both public health and labour productivity perspectives. This is often challenging, especially in low- or middle-income fast-growing urban settings. The aim of this thesis was to gain a deeper understanding of mothers’ perspectives on combining breastfeeding and other work in the urban contexts of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and New Delhi, India. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with community mothers (n=8) and health worker mothers (n=12) in Dar es Salaam, and mothers working in the health (n=10) and education sectors (n=10) in New Delhi. The methods of analysis were: qualitative content analysis, grounded theory approach, and directed and general inductive content analyses. Mothers’ agency manifested in several ways. Striving to integrate or segment the competing domains of home and work was a goal of these mothers to reduce conflicts in managing breastfeeding and other work. Spatial and time constraints led mothers to engage in an array of carefully planned actions and troubleshooting tactics that included ways of ensuring proximity between them and their baby and efficient time managing. The timing of these strategic actions spanned from pregnancy, over maternity leave, to the return to employment. Managing breastfeeding and work triggered emotions such as stress, frustration and guilt, but also satisfaction and joy. Mothers negotiated with family, employers, colleagues and informal networks to gain support for their strategies, displaying both individual, collective and proxy agency. Changing family structures and roles highlight the potentially greater supportive role of the partner/husband. Work/Family Border Theory and Bandura’s agency constructs provided frameworks for a deeper understanding of mothers’ perspectives, but using existing family relationship constructs would better diffentiate between various modes of agency. Workplaces and maternity protection conditions were generally inadequate. Interventions are required: to strengthen the breastfeeding mother’s own agential capacity using an individual approach; to provide information to families and communities; to improve regulatory, structural and attitudinal conditions at workplaces, and to strengthen health and social services to adequately support mothers in managing breastfeeding and other work.

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Persson, Greta, and Johanna Lindén. "Paediatric Burns and its Related Infections : a Qualitative Study Emphasizing the Preventive Work Conducted by Nurses in Dar es Salaam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255410.

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Introduction: Burn injuries are a major health problem and a leading problem of childhood mortality, particularly in developing countries. The most common complication of burn injuries is infections in the wound. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate what advice is given to parents concerning precautions to avoid burns and related infections. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate what nurses do to prevent infections in the wounds that might appear after burns at the ward. Method: A qualitative, explorative study was conducted. Semi- structured interviews were conducted among seven nurses, working at the burn unit in Dar es Salaam. A qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. Result: Four categories of advice which nurses gave to parents were emerged from the data - Importance of family as well as community resources, Aseptic technique and regulation at the ward to prevent infections, Thoughtful counselling and Looking into a bright future - burns can be prevented. The advices given to parents from nurses are to pay attention to their child and to not leave the child alone. To prevent infections nurses work aseptic at the ward, and they give education to mothers and children about hygiene and nutrition. Conclusion: Nurses put a lot of effort in counselling in order to prevent future burns and their related complications. The limited economic resources of the families, is one of the main reasons to cause burns and at the same time affecting the care negatively. The nurses working at the burn unit emphasized the importance of education
Inledning: Brännskador är ett förödande hälsoproblem och en ledande orsak till barnadödlighet, framför allt i utvecklingsländer. Den vanligaste komplikationen tillbrännskador är sårinfektion. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka råd som ges till föräldrar för att undvika brännskador och relaterade infektioner. Vidare syftade studien till att undersöka vad sjuksköterskor gör för att förhindra att infektion uppstår i brännskadesåren. Metod: En kvalitativ, explorativ studie gjordes. Sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med sjuksköterskor i Dar es Salaam. För att analysera data användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra kategorier som beskrev vilka råd sjuksköterskor gav till föräldrar togs fram vid dataanalysen: Betydelsen av familjens samt gemensamma resurser, Aseptisk teknik och riktlinjer på avdelningen för att förhindra infektion, Anpassad rådgivning och Framtiden är ljus – brännskador kan förebyggas. De råd som ges är att vara uppmärksamma på sina barn och att inte lämna barnen ensamma. För att förhindra infektioner arbetar sjuksköterskor aseptiskt. De ger även utbildning till föräldrar och barn angående nutrition och hygien. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor lägger stor vikt vid rådgivning för att förhindra framtida brännskador och relaterade komplikationer. Familjernas begränsade ekonomiska resurser är en av de viktigaste orsakerna till att brännskador uppstår, dessa begränsade resurser påverkar dessutom kvaliteten på vården. Sjuksköterskorna framhöll hur viktigt det är med utbildning.

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Österling, Eskil. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils Using Local Plants in the Msimbazi River Catchment, Tanzania. : A Minor Field Study." Thesis, KTH, Miljögeokemi och ekoteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96101.

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This master thesis is a study of the feasibility of in situ soil remediation techniques in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It first looks at the existing on site remediation techniques and assesses how feasible they appear in the conditions of Dar es Salaam. Two methods were interpreted as more feasible than others, namely reactive zone remediation and phytoremediation. The feasibility of phytoremediation was assessed by sampling locally occurring plants and comparing their content of Cu, Pb and Zn with the respective content of the soil they grew in. If the content in the plants were elevated as compared to the soil content, the plant was deemed interesting from a phytoremediation point of view.

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Mbekenga, Columba K. "Striving to Promote Family Health after Childbirth : Studies in Low-Income Suburbs of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150924.

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Deeper understanding of family health and support after childbirth from the perspective of first-time parents and their informal support network is needed. Postpartum experiences and health concerns of first-time mothers and fathers and, discourses on sexuality and informal support after childbirth were explored in low-income, suburban areas in Ilala, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Individual qualitative interviews with first-time mothers (n=10) and fathers (n=10), and 14 focus group discussions with first-time parents (n=40) and informal support persons (n=42) provided the data, which were analyzed through qualitative content and discourse analysis. First-time parents’ areas of concern were newborn care and hygiene, infant feeding, handling crying infant, maternal nutrition and hygiene, uncertain body changes for the mother and, sexuality. The mothers were burdened with caring responsibilities and fathers felt neglected and excluded from the care of the mother and infant after childbirth, both by the families and the health care system. Sexuality after childbirth created tension between new parents due to the understanding that abstinence would protect child health during the breastfeeding period, which could be several years. Women’s adherence to sexual abstinence was more emphasized compared to men’s. Men’s engagement with other sex partners and the risk of contraction HIV was a threat to family health. First-time parents drew on support from both informal and formal sources. Informal support networks played a major role in providing information, materials, guidance and supervision while conveying stereotypic gender norms. Contradictions in the messages to parents within and between the support systems created uncertainties that might have negative implications for family health. Poor parents and those who did not adherence to the social norms were less likely to get informal support than others were. There is a need for information and practical guidance on basic aspects of care for the mother and infant, male involvement, and the importance of social support to first-time parents, as new parents face physical, social and relational challenges after childbirth. The link between the health care system and informal networks need to be strengthened to enable them to complement each other in promoting family health after child health.

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Humble, Stephen Paul. "An application of Renzulli's three ring concept in a low income setting in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3910.

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Some research suggests that in developing country contexts school stakeholders typically believe that children from poor backgrounds are incapable of learning or having ability. This results in children struggling to achieve their potential. In order to dispel such myths this thesis utilizes a universally recognized concept to measure qualities through pen and paper tests. The thesis describes and analyses data from 847 children from class 4 and 5 in seven government schools in Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The overriding research interest is the application of Renzulli’s three-ring concept. Seven questions are considered to explore each of Renzulli’s rings – schoolhouse giftedness, creativity and commitment. The findings show relationships between student test scores and the likelihood of being nominated by peers, teachers and self as gifted. The school identification indicators tended to correlate with each other. Teachers believe that a child’s ability is inherited and that poor parents are not interested in their child’s schooling. However, irrespective of teacher beliefs, this study found very little relationship between family background and the indicators of giftedness. There was an increased likelihood of girls rather than boys reporting themselves as self confident and positive towards learning. Creativity was found to be a multidimensional construct with regards to divergent thinking with the total creativity index score correlating significantly positively with teacher experience, gender and self-confidence. No creativity measure was related to family wealth. Commitment was multidimensional, intrinsic and extrinsic factors being the two primary scales. Extrinsic motivation and creative strengths were found to be positively associated. The overall findings inform school stakeholders that disadvantaged children from poor settings have the potential to be creative, committed and possess ability. This ii could allow for a change in policy so that children can be encouraged, nurtured and provided opportunities to attain their levels of capability.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dar es-Salaam (Tanzanie)'

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