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Journal articles on the topic 'Dar es-Salaam (Tanzanie)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Sedgh, Gilda, Ulla Larsen, D. Spiegelman, Genard Msamanga, and Wafaie W. Fawzi. "HIV-1 infection and Fertility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania / Infection du VIH-1 et fécondité à Dar es Salaam, Tanzanie." African Journal of Reproductive Health 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30032470.

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McGill, P. E. "Rheumatology in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 50, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.50.9.658-d.

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3

Todd, Gemma, Ibrahim Msuya, Francis Levira, and Irene Moshi. "City Profile: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859175.

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Cities in Africa are experiencing fast urbanization with growing demand for basic services. The city of Dar es Salam, one of the fastest growing cities in the region and the world, is likely to guide the urban future in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam is the former capital city of Tanzania and retains its importance as most of the government offices were located. However, the whole process of complete relocation of government offices to the present capital city of Dodoma might affect the dynamics in Dar es Salaam in the near future. Nevertheless, it is the leading commercial centre and economic hub in Tanzania and is expected to be a mega city by 2030. The growth of the city is construed by both natural increase and high rate of migration. However, the city’s organic growth was affected by racial-based residential segregation under the colonial regime, whose imprints are evident to date. In this profile, an overview of Dar es Salaam’s colonial, post-colonial, social, economic and location factors that led to urbanization is provided. This profile highlights the previous, current and future challenges, and explores the pathways to enhance sustainability and transformation of Dar es Salaam to be a smart city. Poor implementation of master plans led to minimal guidance of city growth, but the current land and and human settlement policy emphasizes on sustainable approach in urban planning including low costs but sustainable settlements even for the urban poor. Such transformation requires government and city management to invest in better planning implementation, creation of database that will inform future planning, improvement in social services such as infrastructure, access to quality and affordable housing, water and electricity supply. This paper contributes to the existing literature on nature of cities in developing countries, which had been affected by colonialism and poor implementation of policies, and suggest ways in which cities can to become smarter and sustainable.

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4

Manni, J. J., and P. N. Lema. "Otitis media in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 101, no. 3 (March 1987): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100101574.

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AbstractTo assess the prevalence of otitis media in Tanzania a study was made of 3772 patients attending for the first time the ENT out-patient department of Muhimbili Medical Centre, University Hospital of Dar es Salaam. Otitis media in one form or another was present in 524 patients (14 per cent). The majority reported a long history of ear discharge.Hearing loss was a major complaint and was often found to be between 40–60 dB. H.L. Most patients admitted previous treatment, but otoscopy had rarely been performed. The medical profession in Tanzania cannot possibly deal with the large number of cases of chronic otitis media.With the recent introduction of otorhinolaryngology into the curriculum of the medical school of Tanzania it seems advisable to include otology in the programme for primary health workers.

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5

Armstrong, Allen M. "Master plans for Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania." Habitat International 11, no. 2 (January 1987): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(87)90064-6.

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6

Sanga, Imani. "Postcolonial Cosmopolitan Music in Dar es Salaam: Dr. Remmy Ongala and the Traveling Sounds." African Studies Review 53, no. 3 (December 2010): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600005679.

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Abstract:This article concerns Dr. Remmy Ongala, a Congolese-Tanzanian musician, and the making of postcolonial cosmopolitan music in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It argues that Dr. Remmy's music is shaped by the postcolonial consciousness and conditions of contemporary Tanzania. It also shows Dr. Remmy's cosmopolitan citizenship in his songs that address political and social issues. Focusing on his involvement in worldbeat festivals, it argues that he, like other musicians, enters into the worldbeat system not as a fully autonomous individual but as a constituted postcolonial subject, compelled to shape his music in accordance with the demands of the worldbeat system.

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7

De Villiers, Etienne P., and Erik Bongcam-Rudloff. "eBioKit bioinformatics workshops in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." EMBnet.journal 20 (March 5, 2014): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.14806/ej.20.0.755.

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Outwater, Anne H., Jacquelyn C. Campbell, Edward Mgaya, Alison G. Abraham, Linna Kinabo, Method Kazaura, and Joan Kub. "Homicide death in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2005." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 15, no. 4 (December 2008): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300802292439.

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9

Yhdego, Michael. "Scavenging Solid Wastes in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." Waste Management & Research 9, no. 1 (January 1991): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9100900137.

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10

YHDEGO, M. "Scavenging solid wastes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Waste Management & Research 9, no. 4 (August 1991): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-242x(91)90016-z.

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11

Mayo, Aloice W. "BOD5 removal in facultative ponds: experience in Tanzania." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0269.

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This paper discusses the removal of BOD5 in facultative ponds under tropical conditions. Data was collected from pilot and field ponds at the University of Dar es Salaam and was compared to other ponds in Dar es Salaam. Results showed deviations of performance, in some cases, from assumptions made during the design. The permissible organic loading rate for ponds in Dar es Salaam was 450 kg BOD5/ha/d. To reduce concentration of algae in the final effluent, a sunken outlet structure was suggested.

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12

Eulambius, Mlugu, and Nelson Osward. "Evaluation of Ceftriaxone utilization among selected hospitals in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i6.3662.

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Objectives: Inappropriate use of ceftriaxone has been reported to increase treatment cost among patients. In addition, inappropriate use is a threat for resistance development. We assessed utilization of ceftriaxone among selected public and private hospitals in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted from February to May 2017. Total of 600 patients’ medication records were included. Chi square test was used to compare appropriateness use of ceftriaxone between the hospitals. Significance level was set at 0.05 and the confidence level at 95%. Results: Total of 330 (55%) and 270 (45%) patients were prescribed ceftriaxone for pre-operative prophylaxis, and treatment respectively. In overall, ceftriaxone was significantly utilized inappropriately in private hospital (72.3%) than in public hospital (60%) p=0.002 against the Tanzania standard treatment guideline. Ceftriaxone was more used inappropriately in private (87%) than the public hospital (69.2%) p<0.001 for prophylaxis. In contrary, for treatment indication ceftriaxone was more used inappropriately in public hospital (53.3%) than in private hospital (38.9%) p= 0.026.There were no records of sensitivity test in all the patients’ files. Conclusion: We report inappropriately utilization of Ceftriaxone against the Tanzanian standard treatment guideline. Private hospital was found to utilize ceftriaxone more inappropriately than the public hospital. We recommend further prospective studies involving all antimicrobials to be done. Keywords: Ceftriaxone utilization, antimicrobial resistance, inappropriate use

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13

Nagar, Richa. "The Making of Hindu Communal Organizations, Places, and Identities in Postcolonial Dar es Salaam." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 15, no. 6 (December 1997): 707–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d150707.

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The author focuses on the religious and caste-based (or ‘communal’) organizations and places of the Hindu immigrant community in postcolonial Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). The paper illustrates how communal organizations, and the contending public narratives that they generated, played a crucial role in defining Hindu communal places and the caste, class, and gender politics around these places. In highlighting these complex politics of multiple identities and communal places, the author underscores the importance of a rapidly shifting political context and a constant reconfiguration of the Tanzanian Asian diaspora at the local, national, and international levels.

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14

Mbuligwe, Stephen E., and Gabriel R. Kassenga. "Automobile air pollution in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania." Science of The Total Environment 199, no. 3 (July 1997): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05461-2.

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15

Ndosi, N. K., and M. C. Waziri. "The nature of parasuicide in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Social Science & Medicine 44, no. 1 (January 1997): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00094-9.

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16

Smiley, Sarah L. "Water Availability and Reliability in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Development Studies 52, no. 9 (April 28, 2016): 1320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1146699.

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17

Salum, Jimoku Hinda, Angela E. Kitali, Hannibal Bwire, Thobias Sando, and Priyanka Alluri. "Severity of motorcycle crashes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Traffic Injury Prevention 20, no. 2 (February 17, 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1544706.

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18

Gondwe, E., F. L. Mwanuzi, and T. S. A. Mbwette. "Septic Tank–Soakpit Systems in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Environmental Engineering 123, no. 1 (January 1997): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1997)123:1(93).

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19

Mgaya, Edward, Method R. Kazaura, Anne Outwater, and Lina Kinabo. "Suicide in the Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania, 2005." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 15, no. 3 (April 2008): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2007.06.002.

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20

Smiley, Sarah L. "Complexities of water access in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Applied Geography 41 (July 2013): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.03.019.

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21

Juma Mwendapole, Msabaha, and Jin Zhihong. "Status, Challenges and Strategies of Dar es Salaam Seaport-Hinterland Connectivity." MATEC Web of Conferences 325 (2020): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032504003.

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Dar es Salaam seaport serving the Tanzania hinterland and other seven landlocked countries in East and Central Africa, The rapid economic growth of the hinterlands resulted to the increasing demand for overseas products from their country’s residents, this create congestion at Dar es Salaam seaport. Due to this, the connection for the movement of commodities from seaport to its hinterland has noticeably very slow. A qualitative research methodology technique is used in this article to explore the status, challenges and strategies of Dar es Salaam seaport-hinterland connectivity. The findings reveal that even though Dar es Salaam seaport is linked to the hinterland through both railway and road transport, but is hugely dependent on road transport. Regular tariffs increase for imports, insufficient number of trains and wagons connecting Dar es Salaam seaport, poor qualities of roads and railway infrastructures, congestion at the roads and the absence of new freight station are the main existing challenges in which significantly affect the smoothness of Dar es Salaam seaport-hinterland connectivity. Furthermore, the article proposes various enhancing strategies to combat named challenges. These strategies will be crucial to the government in decision making on how to develop and advancing Dar es Salaam seaport-hinterland connectivity.

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22

Nsanganzelu, Amos Japhet. "Micro-Credits and Poverty Reduction in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania: A Case Study of Dar-Es-Salaam Commercial Bank." International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research 2, no. 1 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.74/2015.2.1/74.1.1.13.

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23

Mwakalila, Shatdrack. "Socio-Economic Impacts of Water Scarcity in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 30, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v30i1.397.

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Drought and the resulting low water levels in rivers exacerbate water scarcity conditions in Dar es Salaam city. Theresult is frequent water rationing in areas served with piped water, sometimes for days or weeks, and low water pressure,which leads residents to resort to other less safe and sometimes more expensive water sources. The frequent and currentresponse to the inadequate piped water supply in Dar es Salaam has been the use of groundwater resources. There areboth public and private bore-holes and wells drilling companies in Dar es Salaam.. This paper therefore, presents somesocio-economic impacts of water scarcity in Dar es Salaam city. The methodology employed in field data andinformation collection includes interviews, questionnaire, focus group discussions and participatory observation. This isdata triangulation, an essential technique for improving the reliability of data and information. The study reveals that theparticipation of local community (including water vendors and private business entrepreneurs) in water delivery systemsthrough drilling bore-holes and shallow wells has improved water supplies in the study areas. However, the study hasrevealed some problems related to water scarcity in Dar es Salaam. These include high prices for water, poor sanitationand hygiene, unsafe and unclean water and inconvenient payment systems. Poor sanitation is related to stagnant wateraround the bore-holes and shallow wells. It is noted that unsafe water is mainly a problem for those obtaining water fromwater vendors and/or hire young men to collect water for household uses. However, the study concludes that individual’sparticipation in water delivery systems in Dar es Salaam City has positively improved the life standards of the localpeople, particularly the poor.

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24

Mwendapole, Msabaha Juma, and Zhihong Jin. "Evaluation of Seaport Service Quality in Tanzania: From the Dar es Salaam Seaport Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810076.

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Many countries rely heavily on seaports to promote their well-being and economy. Unreliability of seaport services can considerably impact cargo owners, seaport customers and shipping lines resulting to their dissatisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate service quality of Tanzanian seaports considering Dar es Salaam seaport as a study area. The study discovered the negative gap on the service quality after evaluating seaport user’s perceptions and expectations of delivered seaport services, meanwhile the service quality of Dar es Salaam seaport is poor. Opinions of seaport user’s concerning seaport service quality were computed based on the SERVQUAL model which developed by Parasuraman by considering the essential measurements of Tangibility, Empathy, Reliability, Assurance and Responsiveness. Senior administrators and managers employed in numerous shipping lines in Tanzania were interviewed to check the model validity, then 314 members of Tanzania shipping and logistics associations were engaged in a study survey. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to validate the seaport service quality measurements and to observe their association with satisfaction of seaport customers using Amos Graphics software version 26. It found that seaport service quality is a five-measure construct; responsiveness was significantly influence customer satisfaction while empathy and assurance could insignificantly influence customer satisfaction. Reliability was found significantly to cause customer dissatisfaction and tangibility was insignificantly to cause customer dissatisfaction. Academically, this research donates to management practice as seaport administrators, managers and executives can utilize the seaport service quality measurements to evaluate their customer’s satisfaction and defending for seaport service quality investments as a relational marketing strategy.

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25

Schneider, Leander. "The Tanzania National Archives." History in Africa 30 (2003): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003326.

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This note aims to provide an overview of the Tanzania National Archives (TNA) system and the records it houses. The system comprises a headquarters in Dar es Salaam and six regional branch offices located in Mbeya, Mwanza, Arusha, Dodoma, Tanga, and Singida. Access to the TNA requires a research permit from the Tanzania Commission for Research and Technology. It is best to apply well in advance. Attaching a letter of recommendation from a contact at the University of Dar es Salaam that comments specifically on the value of the proposed research project to the application can expedite its processing tremendously. Computers may be used in the archives and researchers may ask for specific folios to be photocopied. It is advisable to keep detailed records of requests.The three major groups of materials retained within the TNA system are records from German colonial times (pre-1916/17), the British records (pre-1962), and records from various levels of government and administration of post-independence Tanzania (Tanganyika). Almost all colonial records in the collection are housed at the TNA headquarters, as are most of those post-independence documents that originate from central government and ministerial headquarters. A considerable number of post-1962 records originating from local level government and administration have also been moved to Dar es Salaam.

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26

Lee, Yoosook, Natalie Olson, Youki Yamasaki, Allison Chang, Clare Marsden, Ahmed Ouledi, Gregory Lanzaro, and Anthony J. Cornel. "Absence of kdr resistance alleles in the Union of the Comoros, East Africa." F1000Research 4 (June 9, 2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6567.1.

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Knockdown resistance (kdr) and CYP9K1 genotypes were detected by a MOLDI-TOF based SNP genotyping assay (Sequenom iPLEX) in samples of Anopheles gambiae collected at 13 sites throughout the Union of the Comoros and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania during February and March 2011. All A. gambiae specimens collected in the Comoros were homozygous for the susceptible kdr alleles (+/+) while 96% of A. gambiae from Dar es Salaam were homozygous for the East African kdr resistant genotype (E/E). In contrast, all specimens from Dar es Salaam and the Comoros were homozygous for the cyp3 allele (c3/c3) at the CYP9K1 locus; the locus has been implicated in metabolic resistance against pyrethroid insecticides in West Africa. All specimens had typical A. gambiae genotypes for SNPs within the divergence Islands on all three chromosomes. Although further spatial and temporal studies are needed, the distribution of kdr genotypes between the Comoros and Tanzania further supports isolation of the Comoros populations from A. gambiae populations on mainland Africa.

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27

Mselle, Justine, and Samwel Alananga Sanga. "Constraints Facing Incremental Housing Construction in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 23, no. 1 (2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2018.23.1.1.

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28

Jagero, Nelson, and Ikandilo Kushoka. "Challenges Facing Women Micro Entrepreneurs in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v1i2.1023.

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AbstractThis study analyzes the challenges facing women micro entrepreneurs in Ilala Municipal Dar es Salaam. The author’s choice of this topic is derived from the public outcry concerning the treatment of micro entrepreneurs by the municipal officials in Ilala, Dar es Salaam. The author interviewed 120 women micro entrepreneurs in Ilala Municipality to answer the research question: What are the challenges facing Women Micro Entrepreneurs in Ilala Municipality emanating from an ongoing campaign to “Clean the City”. Results indicate that major challenges facing women micro entrepreneurs are poor infrastructure, lack of business premise, decline in business and lack of prime space. Key words: Entrepreneurs, Micro entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurship, Women

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29

Dongus, Stefan, Dickson Nyika, Khadija Kannady, Deo Mtasiwa, Hassan Mshinda, Laura Gosoniu, Axel W. Drescher, et al. "Urban agriculture and Anopheles habitats in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Geospatial health 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2009.220.

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30

Dolin, Paul J., Abdirisak A. Mohamed, and Gordon T. Plant. "Epidemic of Bilateral Optic Neuropathy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." New England Journal of Medicine 338, no. 21 (May 21, 1998): 1547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199805213382115.

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31

Abdi, YakoubAden, Gerald Rimoy, Örjan Ericsson, Christina Alm, and AmosY Massele. "Quality of chloroquine preparations marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Lancet 346, no. 8983 (October 1995): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91834-5.

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32

Falck, W. Eberhard. "Boats and Boatbuilding in Tanzania (Dar-es-Salaam and Zanzibar)." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 43, no. 1 (December 3, 2013): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1095-9270.12049.

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33

Nkurunziza, Alphonse, Mark Zuidgeest, and Martin Van Maarseveen. "Identifying potential cycling market segments in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania." Habitat International 36, no. 1 (January 2012): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.06.002.

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34

Machiwa, John F. "Anthropogenic pollution in the Dar es Salaam harbour area, Tanzania." Marine Pollution Bulletin 24, no. 11 (November 1992): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(92)90709-f.

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35

Smith, Charles David. "The Geopolitics of Rwandan Resettlement: Uganda and Tanzania." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502042.

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By October 1994 the population of refugees from Rwanda and Burundi registered with the UN High Commission of Refugees in Tanzania was about 570,000. (Personal communication: Yukiko Hameda, UNHCR-Nairobi.) And from the point of view of the international and Tanzanian authorities responsible for refugees, the crisis continues to grow. On December 23, 1994, Patrick Chokala, Press Secretary to the Tanzanian President, claimed that 300-400 refugees enter Tanzania every day; the total number then was 591,000. (Daily News, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 24 December 1994.)The human tragedy, the genocide which began after President Habyarimana’s plane was shot down on April 6, 1994 and which in the space of a few short months left one-half million people dead and precipitated the flight of two and one-half million people to refugee camps in Zaire and Tanzania, cannot be undone, although expeditious and fair judicial procedures are a necessary step to a secure future.

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36

Njuguna, Josephine. "The market efficiency of the Tanzania stock market." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(3).2016.08.

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The purpose of this article is to examine the efficiency of the Tanzania stock market. The study attempts to answer whether the Tanzania stock market is weak-form efficient. The study applies a battery of tests: the serial correlation test, unit root tests, runs test and the variance ratio test using daily and weekly data with a sample spanning from November 2006 to August 2015 for the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) all share index and from January 2009 to August 2015 for the DSE share index. Overall, the results of the market efficiency are mixed. The serial correlation test, unit root test and the runs test do not support weak-form efficiency, while the more robust variance ratio test supports weak-form efficiency for the DSE. The main contribution of the study is that the market efficiency of the Tanzania stock market has increased over the sample period. Keywords: adaptive market hypothesis, efficiency market hypothesis, serial correlations test, unit root test, runs test, variance ratio test, Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange. JEL Classification: G14, G15

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37

Shivji, Issa G. "Contradictory Developments in the Teaching and Practice of Human Rights Law in Tanzania." Journal of African Law 35, no. 1-2 (1991): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008391.

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The Bill of Rights is a novelty in Tanzania. As is well-known, Tanzanian Constitutions from independence to 1984 did not contain a bill of rights. Partly for this reason, legal discourse, whether in teaching or in practice, did not centre on rights issues particularly in the relationship between the state and citizen. At the Faculty of Law, University of Dar es Salaam, there developed an approach to teaching which the university calendar refers to as “the historical, socio-economic” method. The socioeconomic method emerged in contrast to the “law and development” approach which was a manifestation of the modernization theory on the legal plane. Neither of these revolved around the question of rights. Put rhetorically, “law and development” saw law essentially as an instrument of social change while the “socio-economic method” regarded law as an instrument of the ruling class. This may be a little over-simplified, but I believe broadly represents the main points of departure of, and contention between, the two schools—at least at that time at the Dar es Salaam Faculty.

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38

Manyasa, Jonace. "Analysis of French grammatical gender errors committed by learners in Tanzanian universities." Journal for Foreign Languages 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.11.65-86.

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This paper analyses the grammatical gender errors committed by learners of French as a foreign language in four Tanzanian universities: UDSM, UDOM, DUCE and Makumira (University of Dar es Salaam, University of Dodoma, Dar es Salaam University College of Education and Makumira University). The paper has three specific objectives: (i) to identify grammatical gender errors, (ii) to account for their sources and (iii) to propose a corrective treatment. The study included a total of 61 respondents. The data was collected through learners' written texts in French from which a corpus was developed. The study was guided by the error analysis approach and interlanguage theory. The data was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings show that grammatical gender errors were found with regard to the masculine definite article (29.73%), the feminine definite article (24.32%), the masculine indefinite article (22.97%), the feminine indefinite article (16.22%) and possessive adjectives (6.76%). These findings show there is a need to help learners of French as a foreign language in the context of Tanzania using the recommended strategies.

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39

Moshiro, Robert, Francis F Furia, Augustine Massawe, and Elia John Mmbaga. "Pattern and risk factors for childhood injuries in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." African Health Sciences 21, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i2.42.

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Background: Injuries contribute to morbidity and mortality in children. This study was carried out to describe the pattern of childhood injuries and associated risk factors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This case control study was conducted in six selected health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data were col- lected using a structured questionnaire. Cases and controls were children below 18 years who had suffered injuries and those without injury associated condition respectively. Results: A total of 492 cases and 492 controls were included in the study, falls (32%), burns (26%), Road Traffic Injuries (14%) and cuts (10%) were the major types of injuries identified. Younger parents/guardians {Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.4 -3.6}, more than six people in the same house (AOR= 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6), more than three children in the house {AOR= 1.4; 95% CI (1.0-2.0)}, absence of parent/guardian at time of injury occurrence (AOR= 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3), middle socio-economic (AOR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4) and low socio-economic status (AOR= 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1) were independent risk factors for childhood injury. Conclusion: Falls, burns and road traffic injuries were the main injury types in this study. Inadequate supervision, over- crowding, lower socio-economic status and low maternal age were significant risk factors for childhood injuries. Keywords: Childhood injuries; risk factors; Dar es Salaam; Tanzania.

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Mahenge, AS. "Performance of EcoSan Toilets at Majumbasita in Dar Es Salaam – Tanzania." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 3, no. 4 (2018): 1241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.4.14.

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Schmidt, Stephan. "Getting the policy right: urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." International Development Planning Review 34, no. 2 (January 2012): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2012.9.

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Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu, and Marcia C. Castro. "Attribution of reductions in malaria prevalence in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Lancet Planetary Health 3, no. 6 (June 2019): e246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30071-3.

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May, Ann. "Handshops and Hope: Young Street Vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Anthropology of Work Review 17, no. 1-2 (June 1996): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/awr.1996.17.1-2.25.

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Smiley, Sarah L. "Mental maps, segregation, and everyday life in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Cultural Geography 30, no. 2 (June 2013): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08873631.2013.779151.

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Lutale, J. K., A. Justesen, R. S. M. Lema, A. B. M. Swai, and D. G. McLarty. "Outcome of Pregnancy in Diabetic Patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Diabetic Medicine 8, no. 9 (November 1991): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb02129.x.

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Mercer, Claire. "Landscapes of extended ruralisation: postcolonial suburbs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 42, no. 1 (October 18, 2016): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12150.

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Sedgh, Gilda, Ulla Larsen, Donna Spiegelman, Gernard Msamanga, and Wafaie W. Fawzi. "HIV-1 Disease Progression and Fertility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 39, no. 4 (August 2005): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000148529.58963.83.

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Sanga, Imani. "Composition Processes in Popular Church Music in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." Ethnomusicology Forum 15, no. 2 (November 2006): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17411910600915406.

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Penrose, Katherine, Marcia Caldas de Castro, Japhet Werema, and Edward T. Ryan. "Informal Urban Settlements and Cholera Risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4, no. 3 (March 16, 2010): e631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631.

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Bhanjee, Sheliza, and Charlie H. Zhang. "Mapping Latest Patterns of Urban Sprawl in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Papers in Applied Geography 4, no. 3 (May 29, 2018): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2018.1471413.

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