Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Darger'

Amb el títol de «Joventut» (1900-1906) i el darrer modernisme presentem la recerca sobre aquest setmanari que, a més de la tasca catalanista i cultural en sentit ampli empresa durant els seus set anys de vida, va impulsar, primer en paral.lel i després en solitari fins al 1914, l'edició d'obres dels més reputats autors catalans i estrangers. El nostre treball s'estructura en catorze apartats els quals, a banda del capítol I. ESTAT DE LA QÜESTIÓ, destinat a revisar els materials bibliogràfics més significatius que d'ençà de la fi de l'editorial i fins a l'actualitat han estudiat o valorat la tasca dels homes de «Joventut», segueixen a grans trets aquest doble vessant de reconstrucció de la història externa de la revista i de l'editorial, per a passar després a analitzar els àmbits més significatius que vertebren i donen caràcter a la publicació. En el capítol II. LA FORMACIÓ DEL NUCLI INTEL.LECTUAL DE «JOVENTUT», reconstruïm la prehistòria del grup, és a dir, com es coneixen, quines són les seves col.laboracions en l'àmbit literari i la seva primera temptativa periodística al capdavant de «Setmana Catalanista». En el capítol III.«JOVENTUT» (1900-1906): DESCRIPCIÓ I FUNCIONAMENT, es comenten els inicis del setmanari, la composició del cos de redacció i els col.laboradors; la descripció més general de la revista; els motius que addueix la Redacció per posar fi al setmanari; i aspectes relatius al seu finançament i a la seva política comercial. En el capítol IV. LA BIBLIOTECA JOVENTUT (1901-1914), oferim una descripció general i completa de la tasca desenvolupada per l'editorial. En un segon bloc, comprès dels capítols V a l'XI, focalitzem l'atenció en el comentari analític, i contrastat amb la bibliografia, dels diferents àmbits temàtics en què «Joventut» estructura els seus continguts. Així, en el capítol V. EL DISCURS DE LA MODERNITAT, analitzem des d'un enfocament ampli, tres camps d'actuació en què el setmanari orienta els seus esforços de renovació: la construcció d'un espai liberal i de progrés en el si de la Unió Catalanista, el distanciament respecte a Espanya i la presentació d'alguns aspectes característics de l'obertura a Europa (feminisme, conreu de la ciència...). En el capítol VI. LA CREACIÓ I LA CRÍTICA LITERÀRIES, ens enfrontem a un complex i eclèctic panorama de les lletres, que analitzem des d'una triple perspectiva que segueix un eix cronològic: a) l'estudi de la recepció de la literatura vuitcentista i el debat sobre la funció dels Jocs Florals en els primers anys de segle )0C; b) el reflex de l'eclecticisme estètic com a paradigma de la modernitat contemporània, enfocant l'anàlisi per gèneres i singularitzant, en el cas de la poesia i de la prosa, l'estudi concret de la recepció de Joan Maragall, de Joaquim Ruyra i de Víctor Català; i c) la lectura dels clàssics a «Joventut», en la confluència amb el noucentisme emergent. En el capítol VII. LA CRÍTICA TEATRAL, emprenem l'estudi d'aquesta secció, al capdavant de la qual Emili Tintorer s'encarregà de fer balanç de la situació del teatre català, de formular propostes de futur per tal de regenerar l'escena catalana i modernitzar-la, i es va responsabilitzar de la recepció crítica de les obres dramàtiques representades a Barcelona. En el capítol VIII. LA CRÍTICA MUSICAL, en primer lloc, analitzem el perfil del primer i principal responsable, Joaquim Pena, i resseguim les seves aportacions crítiques i el grau d'intervenció del setmanari en la creació i l'impuls de l'Associació Wagneriana; i, en segon lloc, abordem l’evolució de la secció de crítica musical, després de la baixa de Pena, quan aquesta passa a mans de Jeroni Zanné i d’altres col·laboradors. Semblantment, en el capítol IX. ART: CREACIÓ I CRÍTICA, analitzem la tasca dels diversos directors artístics del setmanari (Alexandre de Riquer, Joan Brull i Sebastià Junyent, principalment), i comentem la posició de «Joventut» sobre el modernisme artístic, els debats sobre art, catalanisme i moral, i la defensa de l’art antic i del patrimoni, entre altres qüestions. Els dos apartats següents centren l’atenció en l’àmbit lingüístic. En el capítol X. EL DECIDIT IMPULS A L’ESPERANTO, analitzem la important feina de divulgació que el setmanari va emprendre, a partir de 1905 i de la mà de Frederic Pujulà i Vallès, a favor del coneixement i l’ús d’aquesta llengua internacional. I, finalment, tot i que no respon com en els altres casos a l’estudi d’una secció, en el capítol XI. «JOVENTUT» I LA LLENGUA CATALANA, tractem la defensa aferrissada de l’ús de la llengua catalana en tots els àmbits i les diverses opinions i controvèrsies a l’entorn de la llengua normativa. L’apartat d’estudi estricte del setmanari «Joventut» es completa, després dels obligats capítols XII. CONCLUSIONS i XIII. SELECCIÓ BIBLIOGRÀFICA, amb el capítol XIV. ANNEXOS: a) Índexs: General d’autors i col·laboracions anònimes, Matèries i complementari de noms, Alfabètic d’autors de poesia, Alfabètic d’autors de narracions, Poemes, Narracions, Obres teatrals, Il·lustradors, Autors traduïts, Traductors, Llibres ressenyats, Crítics i obres ressenyades, Revistes ressenyades, Crítica teatral i Crítica musical; b) Textos inèdits i articles; c) subscripcions, censos i llistes diverses; i d) Documents gràfics.<br>Our research entitled «Joventut» (1900-1906) and the last modernism is about this weekly publication which, besides the Catalanist and cultural task carried out in a broad sense during its seven years of existence, it also promoted, firstly in parallel and later by itself, the edition of literary works by the most highly reputed Catalan and foreign authors. Our research work is organised in fourteen parts which, with the exception of Chapter 1, deal with the twofold perspective of the reconstruction of the external history of the weekly paper and the editorial department. This is followed by the analysis of the most meaningful fields that are essential and also provide its own character to the publication. Differently, Chapter I. THE STATE OF THE QUESTION (L'ESTAT DE LA QUESTIO) is intended to examine the most relevant bibliographic materials that have studied and valued the job of the editors of «Joventut» from the end of the publishing house to the present time. In chapter II. THE FORMATION OF THE INTELLECTUAL CORE OF «JOVENTUT» (LA FORMACIO DEL NUCLI INTELLECTUAL DE «JOVENTUT»), we reconstruct the prehistory of the group, that is to say, how they meet, what their collaborations in the literary field are, and their first journalist attempt when being in charge of the publication «Setmana Catalanista». In chapter III .«JOVENTUT» (1900-1906): DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION («JOVENTUT» (1900-1906): DESCRIPCIO I FUNCIONAMENT), we mention the beginnings of the weekly paper, the composition of the editors team and the collaborators; the general description of the publication; the reasons that the Editors claimed to put and end to the magazine; and the aspects related to their funding and their commercial policy. In chapter IV. THE LIBRARY JOVENTUT (1901-1914) (LA BIBLIOTECA JOVENTUT) we provide a general and complete description of the task carried out by the publishing house. In a second section, which includes chapters V to XI, we focus our attention on the analytic commentary, and corroborated with the current existing bibliography, of the different thematic fields that «Joventut» arranges its contents. In this way, in chapter V. THE DISCOURSE OF MODERNITY (EL DISCURS DE LA MODERNITAT), we analise, from a broad point of view, the three different domains that the weekly publication took into account in order to become updated: the construction of a liberal space and also a space of progress in the bosom of the plotical party Unio Catalanista, the rift from Spain and the introduction of some common features of the opening to Europe (feminism, a growing interest for science...). In chapter VI. THE LITERARY CREATION AND CRITICISM (LA CREACIO I LA CRITICA LITERARIES), we face a complex and eclectic literary scene, which we analise from a triple point of view, following a timeline: a) a study of the literature of the 19th century and the debate about the purpose of the Floral Games (Jocs Florals) in the early years of the 20th century; b) the reflex of the aesthetic eclecticism as a paradigm of the contemporary modernity, focusing on the analysis of literary genres and emphasizing, concerning poetry and prose, the specific study of the reception of works by Joan Maragall, Joaquim Ruyra and Victor Catala; and c) the reading of the Classics in «Joventut», in the convergence with the emerging Noucentism. In chapter VII. THE THEATRE CRITICISM (LA CRITICA TEATRAL), we undertake the study of this part of the publication, with Emili Tintorer as the one in charge of it and the one who evaluated the situation of the Catalan theatre, making proposals for the future so as to regenerate the Catalan scene and modernise it. He was also the responsible of the criticisms of the plays performed in Barcelona. In chapter VIII.THE MUSIC CRITICISM (LA CRÍTICA MUSICAL), we firstly examine the profile of the first and main responsible critic, Joaquim Pena, and we consider his judgements to this type of criticism and the level of contribution of the weekly publication to create and promote the Wagnerian Association; and, secondly, we deal with the development of the section of music criticism, after Pena left the team, when Jeroni Zanné and other collaborators took charge of this section of the publication. Similarly, in chapter IX. ART: CREATION AND CRITICISM (ART: CREACIÓ I CRÍTICA), we analise the task of the different artistic directors of the weekly publication (Alexandre de Riquer, Joan Brull i Sebastià Junyent, mainly), and we comment on the position of «Joventut» about the artistic modernism, the debates about art, catalanism and morals, and the defence of the ancient art and the heritage, among other issues. The next two parts concentrate on the linguistic field. In chapter X. THE DETERMINED BOOST TO ESPERANTO (EL DECIDIT IMPULS A L’ESPERANTO), we analyse the important job of dissemination that the publication undertook, from 1905 and at the hands of Frederic Pujulà i Vallès, in favour of the knowledge and use of this international language. And, finally, although it doesn’t belong to any section of the weekly paper as the previous ones, in chapter XI. «JOVENTUT» AND CATALAN («JOVENTUT» I LA LLENGUA CATALANA), we review the strong defence of the use of Catalan in all the fields and the different opinions and controversies around the normative language. After the compulsary chapters XII. CONCLUSIONS and XIII. REFERENCES (SELECCIÓ BIBLIOGRÀFICA), we conclude our study of the weekly publication «Joventut» with chapter XIV. ANNEX: a) Indexes: General index of authors and anonymous collaborations, Subjects and supplementary names, Alphabetical order of authors of poetry, Alphabetical order of authors of Narrations, Plays, Illustrators, Translated Authors, Translators, Reviews of Books, Critics and Review of Literaty Works, Reviews of weekly publications, Theatre and Music criticism; b) Unpublished texts and articles; c) Subscriptions, census and different types of lists; and d) Graphic documents.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 75 p. : ill., maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Sudan is located in the Northern part of the African continent and has a total land mass of 2.5 million square kilometres, with an estimated population of about 39.15 million people.1 Before the secession that established the South as an independent state from the North, Sudan was the largest country on the continent and hitherto was administered as a colony under the British mandate. From 1898 the United Kingdom (UK) and Egypt administered Sudan as an Anglo-Egyptian territory but North and South Sudan were administered as separate provinces of the condominium.2 In the early 1920s, the British passed the Closed District Ordinances which stipulated that passports were required for travelling between the two zones. Permits were also required to conduct business from one zone to the other, and totally separate administrations prevailed.3 However, in 1946 the British administration reversed its policy and decided to integrate North and South Sudan under one government. The South Sudanese authorities were informed at the Juba Conference of 1947 that they will be governed in the future under a common administrative authority with the north.5 From 1948, 13 delegates nominated by the British authorities represented the South in the Sudan Legislative Assembly. Many Southerners felt betrayed by the British as they were largely excluded from the new government. To them, it was a strategy by the British aimed at protecting their interest as far as colonial legacy is concerned.6 They complained that the language of the new government was Arabic and they were under represented. Of the eight hundred positions vacated by the British in 1953, only four were given to the Southerners. The political structure in the South was not as organized as that in the North and for this reason, political groupings and parties from the South were not represented at the various conferences that established the modern state of Sudan. As a result, many southerners did not consider Sudan to be a legitimate state. Although the Sudanese state was considered illegitimate by the Southerners, the Sudanese parliament unilaterally declared Sudan’s independence on 1st January 1956.8 Subsequently, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises it had made to Southerners to create a federal system. This led to a mutiny led by Southern army officers and sparked off a civil war after independence in 1956.9 Besides the issues highlighted above, the Abyei region of Sudan is rich in natural mineral resources and has been a bone of contention between the North and South. It has also affected Darfur negatively as most of the rebel groups involved in the Darfur conflict, like the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equity Movement (JEM), also seek for a share in the wealth of the region.10 However, before the June 2011 referendum, the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon called for the Sudan to withdraw all police officers from the Abyei region of South Sudan.11 Although the referendum resulted in the Republic of South Sudan, separating it from the North which remains the Republic of Sudan, political views expressed by the provinces in the North region have further captured more attention from the international community.12 The quest for Arab domination is common in this area and, one among the leading regions that have fallen prey to this practice is Darfur

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Litt. française--Paris 4, 1998.<br>Titre de dos : "Georges Darien & l'anarchisme littéraire" Bibliogr. des oeuvres de G. Darien p. 416-428. Bibliogr. p. 429-438. Index.

Les discours tenus aujourd’hui sur Georges Darien restent, pour une large part, associés à l’anarchisme. Pour en saisir les limites, la thèse remonte aux sources biographiques. La lecture de son œuvre− aussi riche que méconnue− prendra acte d’un moment fondateur : l’expérience des camps disciplinaires, en 1883. A partir de là, les fictions s’inscrivent dans une démarche contestataire. Le destin littéraire devient spéculaire, véritable miroir d’une âme entrée en résistance. Tenant à la fois de Balzac, Vallès ou encore Mirbeau, l’écrivain dénonce et engage sa responsabilité d’auteur. Combinant avec originalité des personnages et des situations, Darien revisite les problématiques de son époque : rapport à la bourgeoisie, à l’argent, aux institutions, à l’individu. A ce titre, sa littérature est un vaste territoire à explorer. Les pratiques d’écriture et les stéréotypies particulières de la « fin de siècle » font l’objet d’une analyse très critique. L’homme de lettres écrit sa contestation sous toutes les formes : roman, poésie, théâtre, pamphlet, journal, discours. Enfant perdu de la bourgeoisie, livré à la Grande Muette, assiégé par des visions cauchemardesques ; Darien a de quoi nourrir sa résistance scripturaire. Rien ne manquera à la parole libertaire qu’il exerce. Bagnes et armées connaîtront une satire des plus violentes. Famille et instances tutélaires délivreront des idéologies souvent ridicules. Nations et littérateurs donneront l’occasion de discuter la place de l’artiste et de forger un individualisme féroce. Sous le couvert de récits détonants, l’écrivain donne ainsi à voir matière, mais aussi manière. Surenchère, image, caricature, raisonnement par l’absurde, fondent une esthétique originale. La fiction ne fait jamais allégeance à un système de pensée, quel qu’il soit. Le continent littéraire sur lequel nous posons notre regard impose de revoir nos certitudes. Aller à la rencontre de Darien, c’est repenser la question de l’adhésion à l’anarchisme, au naturalisme ou encore au symbolisme. La littérature devient le laboratoire d’une pensée qui n’est jamais partisane, mais toujours soucieuse de décrypter. La démarche comparatiste comme la sociologie permettent d’engager ce décryptage. Finalement, lire ou relire Darien, c’est passer du singulier d’un destin littéraire au pluriel de nos destinées. Le texte retrouve son étymologie de « textus », ce fil qui se fait et défait au gré des écritures et des heurts de l’Histoire collective comme personnelle<br>The speeches today Georges Darien remain largely associated with anarchism. To grasp the limits, the thesis goes back to biographical sources. Reading his œuvre− as rich as méconnue− take note of a founding moment: the experience of disciplinary camps, in 1883. From there, fictions are part of a protest action. The literary destiny becomes specular true reflection of a resistor input soul.Holding both Balzac Vallès or Mirbeau, the writer denounces and engages its copyright liability. Combining with original characters and situations, Darien revisits the issues of his time compared to the bourgeoisie, to money, to institutions, to the individual. As such, its literature is a vast territory to explore. Writing practices and specific stereotypes of the “end of century” are the subject of a highly critical analysis. The man of letters wrote his challenge in all forms: novel, poetry, theater, pamphlet, newspaper, speech. Lost child of the bourgeoisie, comes to the Great Muette, besieged by nightmarish visions; Darien has enough to feed his scriptural resistance. Nothing missed libertarian speech he exercises. Bagnes and armies will experience more violent satire. Family and guardianship bodies shall issue often ridiculous ideologies. Nations and writers will provide an opportunity to discuss the place of the artist and forge a fierce individualism. Under the cover of detonating stories, the writer gives to see and matter but also fashion. Increment, picture, cartoon, reductio ad absurdum, founded an original aesthetic. Fiction never pledged allegiance to a system of thought, whatever it is. The literary continent on which we lay our eyes means reviewing our certainties. Go to the meeting of Darien, is rethinking the issue of accession to anarchism, naturalism or symbolism. Literature becomes the laboratory of a thought that is never partisan, anxious to decrypt. The comparative approach such as sociology allow it to engage decryption. Finally, read or reread Darien is spend a singular literary destiny plural of our destinies. The text finds its etymology of “textus” this thread is done and undone at the discretion of the scriptures and clashes of collective history as personal

L'étude de l'engagement anarchiste de Georges Darien (1862-1921) repose sur une analyse précise de l'œuvre littéraire et journalistique de l'auteur, de la réception de celle-ci, de sa correspondance en partie inédite, de sa vie, et du contexte historique et culturel contemporain. Entre 1886 et 1890, Darien, qui fréquente la jeune génération littéraire, fait ses débuts sur la scène littéraire avec « Bas les cœurs! » et « Biribi », et sa pièce « Les chapons » fait scandale. Il est perçu comme un écrivain subversif, un antimilitariste, un naturaliste ; mais par les thèmes qu'il aborde, le nationalisme, la défaite de 1870, la critique du conformisme bourgeois, et par la façon si personnelle dont il les traite, avant tout parce qu'il s'inspire de sa propre expérience, Darien est d'abord un écrivain contestataire, un anarchiste qui s'ignore, car il n'utilise pas ce terme avant 1890. La période qui va de 1890 à 1897 est celle de l'engagement. Tout en continuant à critiquer le nationalisme revanchard, Darien se détourne, par haine du parlementarisme, des possibilités d'action légale, que présente notamment le socialisme. Apres avoir défendu les actes terroristes dans « L'en dehors » et publie sa revue « L'escarmouche », il fuit la France en juillet 1894. Cependant ce militantisme va de pair au fil des ans avec une revendication accrue de liberté individuelle : Darien finit par prendre ses distances avec l'anarchisme dans « Le voleur », au nom de l'individualisme. A partir de 1898, il poursuit cette évolution qui l'amène à tenir des propos toujours plus extrémistes. Il reste cependant fidèle à l'idéal libertaire, et relève de la catégorie des anarchistes individualistes, de ceux qui par mépris de la soumission populaire, s'en remettent à l'action individuelle violente. De même, la voie réformiste qu'il choisit dans ses dernières années ne constitue pas un reniement de son passé mais une manifestation peu commune de l'idéal libertaire<br>The anarchistic commitment of Georges Darien (1862-1921) can be studied through an accurate analysis of his literary and journalistic work and of its reception. The study of his correspondence - mainly unpublished -, of his life and of the historical and cultural context will add to this approach. Between 1886 and 1890, Darien moves in the young literary generation, makes his first appearance on the literary stage with “Bas les coeurs!” and “Biribi”, and his play “Les chapons” is found scandalizing. He is seen as a subversive, antimilitarist and naturalistic writer. As long as the literary themes are concerned - nationalism, the defeat of 1870, the criticism of the bourgeois conformism, all these subjects based on very personal approach - Darien is an antiestablishment writer, a real anarchist, and between 1890 and 1897, he actually commits himself in this way. If Darien criticizes the revanchards nationalists he also denounces socialism because of his hatred of parliamentary government and legal political action. After his defense of terrorism in “L'endehors” and the publishing of his review “L'escarmouche”, he leaves France in July 1894. With the passing years, Darien stands aloof from anarchism as he takes sides in personal freedom: “Le voleur” is actually a good example of his new aspiration. Since 1898, Darien has become more and more extremist in his political opinions. However, he remains faithful to his ideals of freedom and can be considered as an individualistic anarchist, preferring personal and violent action to the submission of the common people. In that respect, at the end of his life, he makes the choice of reformism to express clearly his ideals of freedom

In 2003, a conflict broke out in Darfur, Sudan’s western province, between the mainly “African” rebels and the government forces and their proxy “Arab” militias. It is estimated that about 200,000 people have so far died in the conflict from fighting, disease, and starvation. The UN and aid agencies estimate that over two million Darfurians, out of the population of about six million, are living in refugee camps. Even though the majority of all deaths in Darfur have occurred in 2003 and 2004, the conflict is nowhere near the end. Even after more than five years since the Darfur conflict began, there is hardly any comprehensive information about the rebels’ aims, objectives, and plans for the future. We cannot fully understand the conflict and plan peace negotiations between the warring parties if we do not know enough about the rebels. This study has critically explored the aims and perspectives of the Justice and Equality Movement, currently the most powerful Darfur rebel movement. The author has used the first-hand information gathered through interviews with the representatives of the rebel movement and additional data about the conflict and the rebels collected through an extensive literature analysis to portray the movement and its aims, perspectives, and plans for the future. Using the grounded theory approach as the data analysis tool, the author has presented key findings about the Darfur conflict from the perspective of the Justice and Equality Movement that have emerged from the data collected in this study.

I. INTRODUCCIÓ. En el capítol I es presenten els objectius d'aquest treball: 1.- Realitzar una síntesi regional de les fases del darrer cicle glacial als Pirineus; 2.• Caracteritzar els diferents ambients glàcio-lacuslres relacionats amb el glacialisme pirinenc. Ambdós objectius estan estretament lligats, atès que els complexos glàcio-Iacustres constilueixen les seqüències més contínues de les que hom disposa als Pirineus per establir la seva evolució durant el darrer cicle glacial. lI. LES FASES DEL DARRER CICLE GLAClAL ALS PIRINEUS. En el capítol II es descriuen Ies característiques més rellevants de les diferents fases corresponents al darrer cicle glacial als Pirineus, tot establint una cronologia relativa de Ies mateixes. A) PLEISTOCÈ SUPERIOR • PERÍODE GLACIAL. Correspon a la darrera glaciació als Pirineus. S'hi diferencien tres grans intervals de temps. 1) Pre-màxim glacial: Caracteritzat per una progressió generalitzada de les glaceres. amb certes estabilitzacions que permeten definir les <i>Fases d'estabiltzació pre-màxim.</i> 2) Màxim glacial: Caracteritzat per la màxima extensió de Ies glaceres durant l'anomenada <i>Fase de màxim glacial. </i> 3) Deglaciació: Caracteritzada pel retrocés gradual i generalitzat dels aparells glacials. Es defineixen tres fases glacials: una primera <i>Fase d'estabilització post-màxim</i>, una segona <i>Fase de glaceres de vall</i> i una darrera <i>Fase de glaceres d'altitud</i> durant la qual es pot distingir un primer <i>Episodi de glaceres de vall en altitud</i> i un segon <i>Episodi de glaceres de circ.</i>. • PERÍODE TARDIGLACIAL. Caracteritzat per l'existència de nombroses glaceres rocalloses que permeten definir l'anomenada <i>Fase de glaceres rocalloses.</i> • PERÍODE POSTGLACIAL. Durant aquest període es defineixen les .allomenades <i>Fases postglacials</i> i/o <i>Fases històriques</i>, algunes de les quals tal vegada puguin correlacionar-se amb la <i>Petita Edat del Gel</i> (segles XVII a XlX). III. LA CRONOLOGIA DEL DARRER CICLE GLACIAL ALS PIRINEUS. En el capítol llI es presenten els resultats més significatius de les dataciosn realitzades fins al moment en localitats situades a ambdós vessants dels Pirineus (fig. III. 1). A partir de Ies edats obtingudes i de les consideracions fetes per Montserrat Martí (1991), atenent a les variacions temporals de la concentració del CO2 atmosfèric i de la radiació rebuda a l'Hemisferi Nord (fig. III.4), es proposa una cronologia absoluta per cadascuna de les fases del darrer cicle glacial als Pirineus, així com una valoració qualitativa de la magnitud de les variacions del volum de glaç retingut als Pirineus (fig. III.3): Les <i>Fases d'estabilització pre-màxim</i> són anteriors a 50000 anys BP; la <i>Fase de màxim glacial</i> se situa entre 45000-50000 anys BP; la <i>Fase d'estabilització post-màxim</i> se situa entre 31000-45000 anys BP; la <i>Fase de glaceres de vall</i> és anterior a 26000 anys BP; la <i>Fase de glaceres d'altitud</i> se situa entre 13000-16000 anys BP; la <i>Fase de glaceres rocalloses</i> se silua enlre 10000-11000 anys BP; finalment, la <i>Petita Edat del Gel</i> se situa entre 100-300 anys BP. Convé deslacar que l'edat del darrer màxim glacial als Pirineus, igual com succeeix al massís dels Vosgos (Seret <i>et al.</i>, 1990), presenta un clar diacronisme amb l'edat del darrer màxim glacial que s'ha establert pels gels continentals del Nord d'Europa i Nordamèrica, al voltant deis 18000 anys BP. IV. EL COMPLEX PROGLACIAL DE BARRATGE MORRÈNIC DEL SEMINARI DE VILALLER. En el capftol IV es descriu el complex proglacial de barralge morrènic del Seminari de Vilaller, a l'alta conca de la Noguera Ribagorçana. Aquest paleollac es va formar degut al barratge produït per l'arc morrènic frontal de la glacera de la Noguera Ribagorçana corresponent a la <i>Fase de glaceres de vall.</i> Els resultats obtinguts en un sondeig mecànic confirmen les inlerprelacions de dos sondatges elèctrics verticals realitzats amb anteriorilat (fig. V.7). Les datacions absolutes de Ies ritmites glàcio-Iacustres, tot i que no presenlen una interpretación unívoca, indiquen que l'edat de la <i>Fase de glaceres de vall</i> és anterior a 20000 anys BP. V. ELS COMPLEXOS PROGLACIALS LLIGATS A CUBETES DE SOBREEXCAVACIÓ. En el capítol V es descriuen Ies cubetes de sobreexcavació glacial de fons de vall de Barruera (Noguera de Tor), Bono (Noguera Ribagorçana), Benasc (Ésera) i Esterri d'Aneu (Noguera Pallaresa). Aquestes cubetes, amb una longitud d'uns 5 quilòmetres, se sitúen a alçades compreses entre 900 i 1100 metres, allunyades dels circs glacials de la capçalera de la conca. Estan situades a les zones de confluència d'antigues llengües glacials i aigües amunt de llindars rocosos transversals a l'eix de la vall. A partir de la realització de diversos sondatges elèctrics verticals es determina tant la geometria com les unitats geoelècrtriques corresponents al rebliment sedimentari de cadascuna d'aquestes cubetes de sobreexcavació glacial: - La profunditat màxima oscil•la entre uns 150 metres (Barruera) i uns 400 metres (Esterri d'Aneu). - Es diferencien tres unitats geoelèctriques (fig. V.lt): 1.- Unitat inferior, amb resistivitats compreses enlre 70-200 Omega-m, interpretada com ritmites glàcio-Iacustres (alternança de nivells lutítics i sorrencs); 2.- Unitat intermèdia, amb resistivitats compreses entre 400•800 Omega-m. interpretada com sorres i graves núviodeltaiques; 3.- Unitat superior, amb resistivitats compreses entre 100-1500 Omega•m, constituïda pels dipòsits al•luvials subactuals. En l'evolució de Ies cubetes de sobreexcavació glacial es diferencien 5 etapes (fig. V.20): Etapa de formació de la cubeta, Etapa de cubeta glàcio-Iacustre proglacial, Etapa de cubeta glàcio-lacustre distal, Etapa de cubeta lacustre i Etapa al•luvial. Les cubetes són excavades, principalment, durant la <i>Fase de màxim glacial</i>, quan l'acció erosiva de les glaceres assoleix la seva màxima intensitat. Els ambients glàcio-lacustres es formen quan les cubetes queden parcialment descobertes de glaç, amb posterioritat a la <i>Fase de glaceres de vall.</i> VI. EL COMPLEX JUXTAGLACIAL DE LLESTUI. En el capítol VI es descriu el complex juxtaglacial de Llestui, a l’alta conca de la Noguera Ribagorçana. Aquest complex és et resultat del rebliment d'un llac juxlaglacial degut al barratge de les conques torrencials del Clol i de Malmarrui per part de la glacera de Llauset, afluent de la glacera de la Noguera Ribagorçana (fig. VI. 2). Després de descriure les unitats sedimentàries (Unitat glacial -till subglacial i till supraglacíal-, Unitat glàcio-lacustre i Unitat al.luvial) es proposa el model deposicional del complex glàcio-lacustre juxtaglacial de Lkstui (fig. VI.10). L'obturació del drenatge dels torrents del Clot i de Malmarrui va començar durant Ies anomenades <i>Fases d'estabilització pre-màxim.</i> Tanmateix, els sediments que configuren l'actual complex sedimentari corresponen a la <i>Fase d'estabilització post-màxim</i>, fet corroborat per les datacions de Ies ritmites glàciolacustres, amb edats superiors a 34000 i fins i tot 40000 anys BP. VII. EL COMPLEX JUXTAGLACIAL DE CERLER. En el capítol VII es descriu el complex juxtaglacial de Cerler, a l'alta conca de I’Ésera. Aquest complex és el resullat del barratge de Ies conques glacials de Remáscaro i d'Ampri per part de la glacera de l'Ésera. Els dipòsits del complex de Cerler poden agrupar-se tres unitats (fig. VII.4): - Unitat inferior. Aquesta unitat pot subdividir-se en un tram inferior i un tram superior: • Tram inferior: Constituït per tills subglacials de la glacera de l'Ésera i dipòsits glàcio-Iacustres intensament deformats. • Tram superior. Constituït per tlls subglacials de les glaceres de l'Ésera, Remascaro i d'Ampriu que deformen i incorporen sediments del tram inferior. - Unitat intermèdia: Constituïda per tills subglacials de la glacera de l'Ésera i dipòsits glàciolacustres, - Unitat superior. Constituïda per tills subglacials i supraglacials de les glaceres de Remáscaro i d'Ampriu, sovint amb la monologia morrènica original ben conservada. Les característiques sedimentològiques i micromorfològiques dels dipòsits del complex de Cerler permeten establir la següent seqüència evolutiva, amb quatre fases locals (figs. VII.13 i VII.14): 1.- El primer llac juxtaglacial de Cerler; 2.- La progressió de les glaceres de l'Ésera, Remáscaro i d'Ampriu; 3,- El segon llac juxtaglacial de Cerler; 4.- La progressió de les glaceres de Remáscaro i d'Ampriu. La seqüència sedimentària del complex de Cerler constitueix un registre més o menys continu que comprèn des de Ies <i>Fases d'estabilització pre-màxim fins l'anomenada <i>Fase de glaceres d'altitud.</i> VIII. CONCLUSIONS. En aquest treball s'ha presentat una síntesi regional de les fases glacials corresponents al darrer cicle glacial als Pirineus i, al mateix temps, s'ha proposat una cronologia absoluta per cadascuna d'aquestes fases. Per altra part, s'han descrit els principals tipus d'ambients glàcio-lacustres relacionats amb el glacialisrne pirinenc a partir de l'estudi d'uns complexos sedimentaris, proglacials i juxtaglacials, escollits corn a localitats tipus. Els resultats obtinguts poden sintetitzar-se en el quadre de la figura VIII.1 que relaciona la cronologia de Ies fases del darrer cicle glacial als Pirineus amb Ies sequències i l'evolució dels diferents complexos glàcio-Iacustres estudiats.<br>A regional synthesis of the glacial phases corresponding to the last glacial cycle in the Pyrenees is presented in this work. Moreover, an absolute chronology for each one of these phases is proposed: • The Premaximum stabilization phases are previous to 50000 years BP. • The Glacial maximum phase is placed between 45000-50000 years BP. - The Postmaximum stabilization phase is placed between 31000-45000 years BP. - The Valley-glaciers phase is previous to 26000 years BP. • The Altitude-glaciers phase is placed between 13000-16000 years BP. - The Rock glaciers phase is placed between 10000•11000 years BP. - The Little Ice Age is placed between 100-300 years BP. It is convenient to highlight that the age of the last glacial maximum in the Pyrenees, as it happens in the Vosgues massif (Seret et al., 1990), is clearly diachronic with the age of the last glacial maximum established for the northern Europe and northern America continental ice-sheets around 18000 years BP. The main glaciolacustrine environments related to the last glacial cycle in the Pyrenees are also described. Several proglacial and juxtaglacial sedimentary complexes have been chosen as type-localities for this study: - The proglacial moraine-dammed complex of Seminari de Vilaller (Noguera Ribagorçana basin). - The proglacial complexes related lo overdeepened basins of Barruera (Noguera de Tor basin), Bono (Noguera Ribagorçana basin), Benasc (Ésera basin) and Esterri d'Aneu (Noguera Pallaresa basin). - The juxtaglacial complexes of Llestui (Noguera Ribagorçana basin) and Cerler (Ésera basin). The main results of this work are synthesized in a figure (see fig. VlII.1) which correlates the proposed chronology for the last glacial cycle in the Pyrenees with the sedimentary sequences and the evolution of the several glaciolacustrine complexes studied.

Effective delineation and management of stream fish populations requires a thorough knowledge of dispersal patterns, because these patterns affect a number of other demographic rates such as population growth, reproduction, survival, and gene flow. Previous studies of stream fish dispersal patterns have generally established species- and stream-specific home ranges and movement rates, but have largely failed to account for the environmental variables that may cause these parameters to vary. Many fishes occupy a variety of streams across a broad spectrum of ecological conditions, and movement rates (and thus population dynamics) may respond to these environmental gradients. Furthermore, enhanced understanding of the ecological features that induce or impede dispersal will help guide future management of stream channels for population connectivity. To determine the instream features that influence the dispersal patterns of darters, I conducted a spatially intensive mark/recapture study of three darter species in the upper Roanoke River watershed. Logistic regression was used to relate observed inter-riffle movements to gradients in riffle and corridor attributes. During the first study period, habitat area loss and habitat spacing drove dispersal patterns. However, a model developed from these data transferred poorly to the second study period, in which density dependence was a more effective predictor of dispersal. Individual size did not seem to influence the probability of emigration, but did influence the distance traveled following emigration, particularly for the two more specialist species. This finding suggests a size-based dominance hierarchy for habitat selection and occupancy in darters. Predation threat had only a minor effect on the probability of traversing inhospitable corridors, but experimentally introduced structural cover significantly elevated dispersal rates through such corridors. Taken together, results of this study indicate that a complex array of ecological features interact to produce heterogeneity in dispersal rates across the stream landscape. Knowledge of these influences can be used to manage stream channels for dispersal permeability. In addition to field studies, laboratory studies were undertaken to determine the efficacy of visible implant elastomer (VIE) and injectable photonic dye (IPD) for marking darters. No previous studies have rigorously evaluated these marks in darters, and comparisons of the two technologies in any taxa are few. Results of the laboratory study indicated that VIE is preferable to IPD for marking darters, particularly when mark longevity greater than 80 days is desired. Individuals marked with VIE exhibited higher survival and mark retention rates than did individuals marked with IPD. Additionally, VIE mark retention was more consistent across body locations. Retention of both marking technologies was biased by color. My study indicates that the results of tagging efficiency studies are not applicable across taxa, and that pilot studies are necessary prior to field use of marks in previously untested species.<br>Master of Science

Os países têm direito à sua soberania e à autodeterminação, mas quando este direito reconhecido entra em conflito com os direitos humanos qual é a resposta adequada a ser dada pela comunidade internacional? Diversos observadores e analistas consideraram que a comunidade internacional falhou no Ruanda em 1994, quando ali teve lugar o genocídio dos tutsis. Se a comunidade internacional falhou no Ruanda porque é que parece nada ter aprendido com esta experiência e voltou a falhar quando se deram os conflitos no Darfur? Será porque a natureza dos conflitos era diferente? Ou será porque nenhum Estado ou organização internacional está verdadeiramente interessado em arriscar a vida ou a imagem das suas forças de intervenção sem ganhar nada em troca? Estas são algumas das perguntas a que vou tentar responder nesta dissertação, onde compararei as duas regiões sob diversos aspectos, nas semelhanças, mas também na diversidade e, nomeadamente, ao nível da intervenção que se verificou num e noutro território. Estas questões – e as respostas a elas - são importantes para melhor compreendermos as razões, os valores e quais os cenários que levam a comunidade internacional a agir e a intervir militarmente quando estão em causa, e são violados, os direitos humanos, sobretudo quando se verificam casos de genocídio; ABSTRACT:All countries have the right to sovereignty and self-determination, but when it undermines human rights, what is the best response that the international community can have? It was said that the world failed Rwanda in the 1994 genocide, then why does it still fail in the case of the Darfur conflict? Is it because the nature of conflict is different? Or is it because no state or organization is interested in risking its troops without getting anything in return? These are some of the questions we'll try to answer in this paper, where we compare the two different regions including the level of intervention. This issue is important to better understand the reasons why the international community acts and intervenes militarily when human rights are violated, especially in the case of genocide.

Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>Sudan is a country that has been affected by a history of multiple destructive civil wars. Conflicts that, in a global perspective, have proven to be as devastating as interstate wars, or on occasion even more destructive, in terms of the numbers of casualties, refugee figures and the effects on a country’s society. The conflict in Darfur, in the western region of Sudan, is a civil war that illustrates one of the direst scenarios. In around five years of warfare, more than 200,000 people have died in the conflict, and around two million Darfurians were displaced, creating what the UN calls the “world’s worst humanitarian crisis.” The civil war was initiated by the attacks of two rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Justice and Equality Movement, against government installations. Although presenting insurgency characteristics, the civil war in Darfur has been commonly labelled as a “tribal” conflict of “Africans” versus “Arabs”. An explanation that seems to fail to clarify the complex circumstances belying the situation. As seen in this study, although identity factors played their role as a cause of the conflict, the ‘ethnic hatred’ justification of war doesn’t seem to be sufficient to explain the present situation. Darfur appears to be a clear example that there is no single factor that can explain such a war. In the case of Darfur, various factors seem to have interplayed in creating the necessary conditions for the eruption of violence. This study focused on two of these factors – the environmental hazards that have been affecting the region, and the government’s use of the Janjaweed militia in its counterinsurgency movement. Both, and in different ways, seem to have contributed to dividing the Darfurian society between two poles, thus worsening the circumstances in the region and helping generate the high levels of violence that characterise the Darfur conflict. Most important, in analysing the conflict of Darfur with a point of view that goes beyond the “ethnic hatred” explanation, it seems possible to identify issues, such as land ownership, that are in vital need of being addressed in order to achieve peace in 4 the region. As seen in this thesis, it seems that it is only through a broad understanding of the complex causes of the conflict that peace negotiations might have any hope of success. While those continue to be ignored, any peace agreements or prospects of finding a solution to the conflict will be unrealistic.

Georges darien, "l'auteur de biriti" et du voleur, longtemps oublie avant d'etre enfin redecouvert par les surrealistes, est un ecrivain insaisissable et inclassable. En marge de la litterature, il a toujours refuse de s'inscrire dans un mouvement litteraire ou politique au nom de la necessaire liberte de l'individu. Il s'est affronte a toute les institutions et son passage a l'ecriture romanesque s'explique par sa revolte face a l'armee, la guerre de 1870 et la corruption de la societe bourgeoise "fin de siecle". Les traumatismes de l'enfance figurent de maniere recurrente dans ses six romans. Son ideologie et son imaginaire sont tres marques par la pensee anarchiste de max stirner et de joseph proudhon : il affirme la primaute de l'individu, de l'unique et pousse l'homme a recouvrer les instincts dont la societe l'a depouille. Il demarque toutefois de l'anarchisme par ses positions bellicistes et antisemites. Volontaire ment en marge ou en-dehors, il affiche son originalite par le renversement des lieux communs qui conduit au rire cruel. L'art est l'ultime recours de l'unique<br>Georges darien, "the author of biriti" and of the thief, who fell onto oblovion for some time before being rediscovered by the surrealists, is difficult both to define and classify as a writer. Working on the fringe of literature, he refused to join any literary or political movement, in the name of the necessary freedom of the individual. The stood against all institutions and his shift to novel writing can best be explained by his revolt against the army, the 1870 war with germany and the corruption of "fin de siecle" bourgeois society. The traumas of childhood are recurrent in his six novels. His ideology and imagination were very much marked by the anarchist thinking of max stirner and joseph proudhon : he insists on the primacy of the individual, ot the unique, and encourages his fellow human beings to recover those instincts of which society has robbed them. However, his bellicist and antisemitic positions mark him off from the anarchist tradition. Voluntarily on the fringe or an outsider, his originality resides in his ability to subvert the common-place and invite cruel laughter. Art is the umtimate recourse of the unique

La thèse ne souligne pas une prédisposition culturelle mais rend compte d'une situation dont l'exception garde de toute généralisation, produit mouvant et atypique de la société sud indienne, précipité d'histoire régionale et coloniale, à la croisée des cultures musulmane et hindoue. L'enquête ethnographique prit pour objet un phénomène récent - aujourd'hui disparu - dont on ne pouvait augurer la stabiblité ni l'avenir : le développement ces quinze dernières années d'institutions privées de détention illicite à Ervadi (Tamil Nadu, district de Ramanathapuram). Leurs pensionnaires y sont conduits par la force, enchaînés deux par deux pendant un temps indéfini dont seul est maître celui qui décide de l'admission - un proche. Il s'agit de comprendre le contexte qui rend possible et légitime la violation des droits fondamentaux des personnes mises à l'écart - la malnutrition, les conditions sanitaires précaires, les sévices corporels, parfois, entraînent la mort. J'ai cherché à décrire le processus d'institutionnalisation des douze établissements dénombrés comptant au moment de l'enquête 493 pensionnaires. Quels sont les facteurs qui encouragent une forme de regroupement inédite au pays tamoul - certains conjoncturels, d'autres structurels? On observe leur concentration autour de l'enclos qui cerne le dargah, la tombe d'un saint musulman. La multiplication de ces entreprises va de pair avec sa fraîche renommée et la politique de développement mise récemment en oeuvre par son comité: on écrit une histoire qui atteste les vertues thérapeutiques du lieu en même temps que l'authenticité des héritiers. Il convient d'analyser les versions de l'histoire locale élaborées par les différentes communautés : les indous, premiers autochtones, les musulmans aux communautés hétérogènes se scindant en musulmans étrangers et natifs. Il s'agit, en outre, de démêler le réseaux d'influences et de subordinations locales, l'histoire qui les sous-tend faisant des représentants de la loi et de l'ordre, pourtant postés sur place, de souriantes potiches. On assiste à une extension de facto de l'immunité du dargah hors de ses murs. Ces établissements dénommés "Mental Hostels" prospèrent en raison de leur vocation affichée et de la nature du pouvoir - familial- qu'on leur délègue.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 14, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4519. Adviser: Ruth M. Stone.

Orientador: Luis Alberto Magna<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T01:43:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_Edwalde_M.pdf: 3357657 bytes, checksum: 90c9ab9cf396e306bf1a2c8450928dfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994<br>Mestrado<br>Biologia Celular<br>Mestre em Ciências

Ecological research aimed at the conservation of useful plants has rarely considered the spatial distribution of resources nor the potential implications for management. In this thesis I examined the spatial patterning of a group of 23 useful plant species on the 3,500 ha territory of a Kuna community in Darien, Panama. A systematic random sampling scheme was used to survey the distribution and abundance of the species, as well as the physical environment. A series of canonical analyses was conducted to evaluate the species-environment relationships and to identify spatial structures in the species distributions left unexplained by the environmental variables. Four distinct distribution patterns were identified among the species; these were most strongly explained by land-use, the degree of canopy closure and topography. Significant spatial structures, independent of the environmental variables, were related to anthropogenic pressures and an edaphic gradient. The habitat associations of the individual species are described and data on one species, Sabal mauritiiformis , is used to illustrate the utility of these data in the management of plant resources on human landscapes.

This thesis explores how media has reported on the Darfur conflict as a climate conflict. For that purpose a media analysis has been carried out that analyses quantitative data through four different cases from different parts of the world. In order to get this data a quantitative content analysis has been carried out. The analysis has been carried out by using a media policy framework that enables the data to be classified in three different categories depending on the level of elite consensus and policy uncertainty on the matter at hand. This thesis concludes that media around the world have been reporting on climate change as a contributing factor depending on how that argument can be used to serve their geo-strategic policy on the conflict. In that sense climate change is mainly brought up as a way to relieve the Sudanese government of its responsibility in the conflict.

In this essay I argue that the films of director Darren Aronofsky correspond to the Text of Bliss defined in Roland Barthes' The Pleasure of the Text. Using several aspects of audience reception to dissect Aronofsky’s films justifies identifying his oeuvre as texts of bliss: works that disquiet viewers by unsettling their assumptions of the world around them and their own relationships with it. This Barthes-based appropriation of literary theory to audience reception theory in Film Studies serves as an example of how personally-developed classification systems can be used to circumvent relying on popular opinion and corporate aims for guidance in film classification.

The streams of the southeastern United States are both hotspots for biodiversity and centers of imperilment. The specific spatiotemporal scales at which stressors impact biota are often unknown, partly due to inadequate knowledge about many species' life-histories. I conducted two complementary studies to investigate the habitat associations of an imperiled highland stream fish, the Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni. In Chapter 2, I asked (1) does micro-habitat suitability correlate with the "robustness" (i.e., viability) of four distinct populations? In Chapter 3, I expanded the extent of investigation, and asked (2) which environmental factors, expressed at what spatial scales, best explain in-stream conditions, and (3) do stream segments where Candy Darters persist have cooler temperatures and less fine-sediment than segments where the species is extirpated or historically went undetected? Chapter 2 revealed Candy Darters demonstrate ontogenetic habitat shifts, with age-0 individuals selecting slower water velocities than adults. Despite, clear habitat selection for multiple habitat variables, suitability attributed to fine-sediment avoidance most strongly correlated with population robustness across streams. Chapter 3 indicated Candy Darters are extirpated from most areas in Virginia and southern West Virginia. Land use and natural catchment features, including geology, elevation, and stream geomorphology, predominantly explained instream conditions. Populations persist in segments with cool stream temperatures and low embeddedness year-round. To recover Candy Darters, managers will need to remedy pervasive land-use threats and restore stream habitat, while operating within the impending context of warming air and water temperatures and the existential threat of the introduced Variegate Darter E. variatum.<br>M. S.

Fish are capable of colour vision and certain colours have been shown to affect growth and survival, skin colour, stress response, and reproduction. Beyond these physiological consequences, colour has also been shown to affect aggression levels, which is a widespread problem in aquaculture. The compatibility of fish with tank colour has been largely neglected within the aquaculture industry. Common practice is to use light blue tanks but there is no scientific basis for this choice. Closed containment aquaculture systems provide a good model to investigate the effects of tank colour on fish. Though closed containment aquaculture systems provide the opportunity for full control of environmental conditions, little research to date has investigated which parameters within these systems promote fish welfare. The aim of this study was to assess preferences of coho salmon for tank colour and determine the effects of colour on aggression. Coho salmon (n=100) were randomly assigned to 10 tanks, each bisected to allow fish to choose between two colours. Using a Latin-square design, each tank was tested with each of the following colour choices: blue vs. white, light grey, dark grey, and black, as well as black vs. white, light grey, dark grey, and a mixed dark grey/black pattern. Fish showed a strong preference for black over all other tank background options (p < 0.0001) with the exception of pattern, which was still significant but slightly less strong (p < 0.01). Moreover, darker colours in the environment resulted in lower rates of aggressive behaviours compared to lighter colours (p < 0.0001). These results present the first evidence that darker tanks are preferred by and decrease overall tank aggression levels in salmonids.<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate

The purpose of this study was to examine the habitat preference (or use), distribution and growth of darters (Channel Darter Percina copelandi, Logperch Percina caprodes, Fantail Darter Etheostoma flabellare, Tessellated Darter Etheostoma olmstedi and Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum) in tributaries of the Ottawa River, Québec, Canada. The Channel Darter’s habitat can be characterised by coarse heterogeneous substrate with water velocities greater than 0.25 m/s in zones with low bank slopes. Its distribution is limited to five tributaries of the Ottawa River, downstream from the first physical barrier. The Logperch and Fantail Darter’s habitats were similar to that of the Channel Darter, although the Fantail Darter was present in shallower waters. The Tessellated Darter was spatially partitioned from the others; the species seems to be a habitat generalist. The Johnny Darter was the least abundant darter and seems to prefer coarse heterogeneous substrate. The majority of growth in length was attained during the first year in all species. Growth rates were affected by the presence of parasites in the Channel Darter and Fantail Darter, non-parasitized individuals growing faster than parasitized individuals. Growth rates also differed among males and females in the Channel Darter, males growing faster than females.

This thesis develops and executes a method of comprehensively discovering accessible Paleoamerican archaeological materials from a restricted geographic area, analyzing the data collected, and comparing them within a larger sphere of interaction. The restricted area was Darke County, in west-central Ohio. The study area was familiar to the writer both in field experience and knowledge of collections held by local residents. A total of 115 diagnostic points and additional tools were located, examined, photographed, and measured.On the basis of point typology three stages of Paleoamerican occupation were identified, Early (11, 500 to 10, 500 B. P.), Middle (11,000 to 10, 500 B. P.), and Late (10,500 to 10,000 B. P.). The Early Paleoamerican stage was marked by Clovis fluted and Unfluted fluted points, the Middle by the Cumberland point, and the Late by Agate Basin, Transitional, Plano Lanceolate, and Hi-Lo points. The sources of raw materials were identified and changes of habitat through time were described.The abundant data recovered and analyzed by the approach used in this study from just one Ohio county indicates that extensive data is available but has yet to be recorded and analyzed for Paleoamerican occupation throughout Midwestern United States.<br>Department of Anthropology

SANTRAUKA Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas Reabilitacijos, sporto medicinos ir slaugos institutas Slaugos magistrantūros programa Onkologijos slaugytojų streso darbe įvertinimas Slaugos magistro baigiamasis darbas Darbo autorius: Viktorija Kielaitė Darbo vadovė : Dr. Giedrė Bulotienė Vilnius, 2009m. Pagrindinės sąvokos: Onkologijos slaugytoja, stresas darbe, stresą darbe įtakojantys veiksniai. Tyrimo tikslas: ištirti onkologijos slaugytojų stresą darbe įtakojančius veiksnius. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti darbo aplinkos veiksnių poveikį onkologijos slaugytojų streso darbe formavimuisi. 2. Nustatyti onkologijos slaugytojų dalyvavimo darbinėje veikloje įtaka streso formavimuisi. 3. Įvertinti socialinio klimato įtaką onkologijos slaugytojų stresui darbe. 4. Iš gautų tyrimo rezultatų pateikti pasiūlymus, kaip išvengti streso darbe Tyrimo populiacija: Anketuotos Vilniaus Universiteto Onkologijos Institute dirbančios slaugytojos. Tyrimo objektas: onkologijos slaugytojų stresą darbe skatinantys veiksniai. Hipotezė: onkologijos slaugytojų patiriamas stresas yra įtakojamas darbinės aplinkos. Tyrimo metodika: Tyrimas atliktas 2007 m. spalio mėn. – 2009 m. gegužės mėn. Tyrime dalyvavo 112 slaugytojų, dirbančių Vilniaus Universiteto Onkologijos Institute (toliau VUOI). Tiriamųjų apklausai panaudota standartizuota 10 klausimų anketa, kuri reprezentavo slaugytojų socialinę aplinką darbo vietoje. Anketa paimta iš Slaugos mokomosios medžiagos EUR tarpvalstybinio projekto Lemon „... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>SUMMARY Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Institute of Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Nursing Master’s degree Nursing Programme TITLLE Evaluation of stress in oncology nurses job. Master’s degree final scientific research work Author of the master’s degree scientific research work: Viktorija Kielaitė Head of the master’s degree scientific research work: Dr. Giedrė Bulotienė Vilnius, 2009 Keywords: Oncology nurses, stress at work, factors influence on stress at work. The aim of the research – to explore the main factors of stress in oncology nurse’s job. Problems: 1. To investigate the oncology nurses work environment influence on factors that can affect the stress at work. 2. To determine is the oncology nurses action of taking part at work enviroment can affect the stress. 3. To evaluate is the social climate at work can affect the stress of oncology nurses job. 4. Give advice on how to avoid the stress at work. The object of research: The oncology nurses stress at work affecting factors. Hypothesis: The oncology nurses stress at work is affected by job environment. The methods of research: The research was carried out from October 2007 until May 2009. There were 112 oncology nurse, who were working at Vilnius University Oncology institute. The standard questionnaire used had 10 questions, which were representing nurse’s social environment at their working place. The questionnaire has been taken from the learning materials for nurses and midwives. Laman “Learning... [to full text]