Academic literature on the topic 'Dari Proverbs'

Abstract Imagery in the Banjarese Proverb. This is a descriptive qualitative research. This research was aimed at looking at Banjarese Proverb objectively. Therefore, this research focused on the proverbs that were obtained and then reviewed using semiotic analysis. The data used as the object this research were those in the form of Banjarese proverbs, which were derived from several informants and from reading material.The results showed that of the 147 proverbs collected, and there were sixty-two proverbs were found showed visual images. Twenty-three proverbs that show hearing images. Eight proverbs that show palpable imagery. Six proverbs that show olfactory images. Forty-eight proverbs that show the image of taste.The results showed that the choice of words became unique in the Banjar proverbs. The overall image strengthens the local area drawn from the Banjar proverb. This is evident from the choice of words in the Banjar proverb. Key words: image, proverbs, Banjar Abstrak Citraan dalam Peribahasa Banjar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini melihat peribahasa secara objektif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini fokus pada peribahasa yang diperoleh untuk kemudian ditelaah dengan menggunakan analisis semiotik. Adapun data dan sumber data yang dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian ini adalah data berupa peribahasa Banjar yang bersumber dari beberapa informan dan dari bahan bacaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 147 peribahasa yang dikumpulkan, ditemukan enam puluh dua peribahasa yang menunjukkan citraan penglihatan. Dua puluh tiga peribahasa yang menunjukkan citraan pendengaran. Delapan peribahasa yang menunjukkan citraan perabaan. Enam peribahasa yang menunjukkan citraan penciuman. Empat puluh delapan peribahasa yang menunjukkan citraan pencecapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilihan kata menjadi kekhasan dalam peribahasa Banjar. Citraan secara keseluruhan menguatkan lokal kedaerahan yang tergambar dari peribahasa Banjar. Hal itu terbukti dari pilihan kata yang ada di dalam peribahasa Banjar. Kata-kata kunci: citraan, peribahasa, Banjar

Abstract Ecology Elements in the Banjarese Proverbs. This research is motivated by the researcher's interest in preserving the Banjarese proverbs which is now starting to fade in its meaning due to ignorance of the ecological forms of flora, fauna, and culture which are used as a kias word in Banjarese proverbs. This study aims to describe (1) the ecological form of flora in the Banjarese proverbs (2) the ecological form of fauna in the Banjarese proverbs (3) The form of cultural ecology in the Banjarese proverbs. Sources of data are obtained from books and informants. The book used as a data source is a collection of Banjarese proverbs by Aliansyah Jumbawuya. The results of this study found that of the three classifications there were even more specific classifications, namely, (1) the Banjarese proverbs ecological flora consisting of vegetables, fruits, and wild plants, (2) Banjarese proverbs ecology fauna consisting of fauna habitat in land and water, and (3) the Banjarese proverbs of cultural ecology consists of three categories, namely home architecture, tools and living equipment, and systems of thought. Key words: ecology, oral tradition, Banjarese proverb Abstrak Unsur Ekologi Sastra dalam Paribasa Banjar. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan peneliti untuk melestarikan peribahasa Banjar yang sekarang mulai kabur dalam pemaknaannya akibat ketidaktahuan akan wujud ekologi flora, fauna, dan budaya yang dijadikan kata kias dalam peribahasa Banjar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan (1) Wujud ekologi flora dalam peribahasa Banjar (2) Wujud ekologi fauna dalam peribahasa Banjar (3) Wujud ekologi budaya dalam peribahasa Banjar. Sumber data didapat dari buku dan informan. Adapun buku yang dijadikan sumber data adalah kumpulan peribahasa Banjar karya Aliansyah Jumbawuya. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan dari tiga klasifikasi tersebut di dapat penggolongan yang lebih spesifik lagi yakni, (1) peribahasa Banjar ekologi flora terdiri dari sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, dan tanaman liar, (2) peribahasa Banjar ekologi fauna terdiri dari fauna habitat di darat dan di air, dan (3) peribahasa Banjar ekologi budaya terdiri dari tiga kategori yakni arsitektur rumah, peralatan dan perlengkapan hidup, dan sistem berpikir. Kata-kata kunci: unsur ekologi, tradisi lisan, paribasa Banjar

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peribahasa Indonesia yang terdapat dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring. Dengan metode kualitatif, data yang berupa peribahasa dikumpulkan dari laman https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id dengan teknik simak dan catat. Setelah memilih fitur admin, data, cari entri, dan fitur penyaringan dalam daftar entri KBBI daring, dilakukan pencatatan dan analisis. Dari hasil pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa terdapat lima belas peribahasa yang memakai bagian tubuh sebagai lema induk. Sementara itu, peribahasa yang tidak memakai bagian tubuh sebagai lema induk ditemukan berjumlah seratus enam peribahasa. Pada peribahasa yang mengandung kata dada, jantung, dan jari, tidak ditemukan peribahasa yang memakai bagian tubuh tersebut sebagai lema induk.This research aims to describe the Indonesian proverbs contained in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online. With qualitative methods data in the form of proverbs are collected from the page https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id with the technique of listening and note taking. After clicking the admin, data, look for entries, and filtering features in the list of online KBBI entries, recording and analysis are performed. From the results of the discussion it was concluded that there were fifteen proverbs that used body parts as the parent body, while proverbs that did not use body parts as parent body were found to be one hundred and six proverbs. In proverbs that contain the words dada, jantung, and jari, there is no proverb that uses that part of the body as the parent entry.

AbstrakPeribahasa merupakan ungkapan tradisional yang menjadi bagian dari sastra lisan. Di Masyarakat Rejang, peribahasa tersebut dimunculkan secara lisan di acara adat seperti pernikahan dan dimunculkan dalam peraturan adat Rejang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peribahasa dari Msayarakat Rejang khususnya masyarakat Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Peribahasa tersebut dideskripsikan dari aturan adat yang sudah direkam dalam bentuk tulis yaitu Kelpeak Ukum Adat (Hukum Adat Rejang). Penelitian ini juga untuk mengetahui fungsi dari peribahasa tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang bersumber dari hukum adat Rejang yaitu Kelpeak Ukum Adat Ngen Riyan Ca’o Kutei Jang yang memuat tentang tata cara bermasyarakat, hak dan kewajiban masyarakat, adat pernikahan, warisan, tarian, kepemimpinan, busana, bahasa, dan tulisan. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada analisis dokumen. Hasil yang didapatkan, bahwa 29 peribahasa yang ditemukan dalam hukum adat tersebut membahas tentang tatanan hidup masyarakat Rejang. Peribahasa tersebut berfungsi sebagai nasihat, larangan, teguran, pengajaran, gambaran tatanan sosial bermasyarakat. Kata Kunci: Peribahasa, Suku Rejang, Hukum Adat AbstractProverbs are traditional expressions that are part of oral literature. In Rejang Community, the proverb was raised orally in traditional events such as weddings and raised in the Rejang customary law. This study aims to describe the proverbs of Msayarakat Rejang, especially the people of Rejang Lebong Regency. The proverb is described from customary rules that have been recorded in written form of Kelpeak Ukum Adat (Custom Rejang Law). This research is also to know the function of the proverb. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive method that comed from customary law of Rejang namely Kelpeak Ukum Adat Ngen Riyan Ca’o Kutei Jang which contains about social, community and rights, customs, and writing. This study focused on content analysis. The results obtained, that the 29 proverbs found in the customary law is about the life order of the Rejang community. These proverbs serve as advice, prohibitions, admonitions, teachings, images of the social fabric of society. Keywords: Proverb, Rejang Community, Customary Law

Abstrak Kebudayaan adalah suatu cara hidup yang berkembang dan dimiliki bersama oleh sekelompok orang dan diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi. Evolusi kebudayaan berhubungan erat dengan kondisi lingkungan. Maka dari itu, budaya di setiap negara berbeda-beda berdasarkan lingkungannya. Salah satu faktor yang terlihat jelas adalah iklim atau musim di sebuah negara. Adanya perubahan musim mempengaruhi kebudayaan yang berkembang di masyarakatnya. Kemudian, salah satu unsur dari kebudayaan terdapat bahasa. Bahasa tidak terbatas dengan interaksi sehari-hari, tetapi banyak sarana sastra yang dapat dijadikan objek pembelajaran. salah satunya, peribahasa yang merupakan ajaran berdasarkan pola pikir orang Jepang dari zaman dahulu. Orang Jepang sering menggunakan peribahasa dalam mengungkapkan atau menggambarkan suatu keadaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, pada kenyataannya sebagian pembelajar bahasa Jepang tidak memahami makna dari peribahasa bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu makna peribahasa dan relevansinya terhadap kebudayaan Jepang. Penulis membatasi peribahasa yang digunakan hanya peribahasa yang berkaitan dengan kanji musim (haru, natsu, aki, fuyu). Oleh karena itu penulis merumuskan masalah penelitian sebagai berikut : 1) apa sajakah peribahasa Jepang yang terkait dengan kanji musim (haru, natsu, aki, fuyu), 2) apa makna peribahasa tersebut dalam bahasa Indonesia, 3) adakah relevansi kebudayaan yang tersirat dalam peribahasa Jepang yang terkait dengan kanji musim (haru, natsu, aki, fuyu). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini, ditemukan 20 peribahasa yang berkaitan dengan kanji musim dan 12 diantaranya memiliki relevansi dengan kebudayaan Jepang berdasarkan musim. Dengan begitu dapat ditarik kesimpulan adanya keterkaitan antara keadaan lingkungan atau kebudayaan yang berdasarkan musim mempengaruhi pembentukan peribahasa di sebuah negara. Kata kunci: peribahasa, makna, kebudayaan, musim AbstractsCulture is the way of life that developed and shared by a community that are passed from generation to generation. Cultural evolution is closely related with enviromental conditions. Therefore, the culture in each country is different based on environment. One of the obious factor is the climate or season in a country. The changing seasons affect the cultures that developed in the society. Then, one of the elements of culture are language. Language is not the daily interactions only, but many literary device that can be used as learning objects. One of them is proverb that teaching based on the mindset of Japanese people from ancient times. Japanese people often use proverbs to express or describe a situation in daily life. However, in fact most of Japanese language learners didn’t understand the meaning of Japanese proverbs. This research aims to find out the meaning of proverbs and relevance to the Japanese culture. Authors restrict to use proverbs which is related to kanji season (haru, natsu, aki, fuyu). Therefore, authors formulate the research problems as follow : 1) what are the Japanese proverbs which is associated with kanji season (haru, natsu, aki, fuyu), 2) what are the meaning of these proverbs in Indonesian, 3) is there any relevance of culture implicit in Japanese proverbs related kanji season (haru, natsu, aki, fuyu). The method used in this research is descriptive and qualitative research method. The result of this research, it was found 20 proverbs related to kanji season (haru, natsu, aki, fuyu) and 12 of them have relevance to the Japanese culture based on season. thus, it can be concluded there is a correlation between the state of environment or culture that is based on the proverbs season affect formation in a country. Keywords : proverb, meaning, culture, season

This paper discusses about the symbol of “jantan” (male dominance) which have positive meanings, found in Malay proverbs by Tenas Effendy. This discussion uses the Framework of Malay Critiques by S. Othman Kelantan, which contains 10 principles. The underlying meanings in the “jantan” symbol will be analyzed to scrutinize the worldview of those who conceptualize these Malay proverbs as well as their association with the negative traits of male dominance. Malay proverbs that have been examined will be able to illuminate the inherent thought patterns of the Malay society, and at the same time, explore their vast knowledge of the world. Research on the Malay “Jantan” is important to analyze the lens in which was viewed by a predominantly oral society, as well as the explicit and implicit meanings of the symbols in Malay proverbs.

Abstrak Semangat Profesionalisme dalam Peribahasa Minagkabau. Semangat profesionalisme sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Semangat profesionalisme itu dapat ditransfer menjadi bagian dari sikap, perilaku, tindakan dan kebiasaan seseorang dalam melakukan sesuatu. Nilai-nilai yang mendorong munculnya semangat profesionalisme dalam bentuk sikap, perilaku, dan tindakan profesional diperkirakan tersimpan juga dalam peribahasa setiap etnik di Indonesia termasuk peribahasa Minangkabau. Terkait dengan itu, tulisan ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk mencermati dan membicarakan semangat profesionalisme yang terkandung dalam peribahasa Minangkabau. Kajian dilakukan dari perspektif bagaimana bahasa mencerminkan sikap dan perilaku penuturnya. Data untuk kajian ini diambilkan dari sumber-sumber tertulis berupa kumpulan peribahasa yang telah didokumentasikan dan peribahasa-peribahasa yang digunakan dalam pertuturan sehari-hari masyarakat Minangkabau. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa peribahasa Minangkabau mengandung nilai-nilai yang dapat mendorong masyarakat Minangkabau untuk memelihara tindakan, kebiasaan, perilaku dan sikap profesional dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Kata kunci: Profesionalisme, profesional, nilai, dan peribahasa. AbstractThe spirit of professionalism in Minangkabau Proverbs. The spirit of professionalism is very essential in human life. The spirit of professionalism then can be transferred into someone’s attitude, behavior, action and habit in doing something It is assumed that the values triggering the spirit of professionalism in the form of professional attitude, behavior, and action can be found in the proverbs of every ethnics in Indonesia including Minangkabau proverbs. Thus, this writing is an attempt to observe and discuss the spirit of professionalism in Minangkabau proverbs. The study is done from the perspective of how language reflects the attitude and behavior of its speakers. The data for this study is collected from written documents of Minangkabau proverbs and the proverbs used in daily communication. The result of the study indicates that Minangkabau proverbs contains the values that can trigger Minangkabau people to keep their professional attitude, behavior, habit, and action in their daily life.Keywords : Professionalism, professional, values, and proverbs.

Peribahasa dalam bahasa Jepang disebut dengan kotowaza. Kotowaza dalam bahasa Jepang sendiri adalah kata-kata pendek yang diceritakan secara turun temurun sejak dahulu kala, yang berisi kebenaran, sindiran, satire, dan pelajaran moral. Dalam penelitian kali ini penulis menitik beratkan pada kotowaza yang ada dalam anime Junjou Romantica 1 dan 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna konotatif atau makna denotatif yang terkandung dalam kotowaza yang ada dalam anime Junjou Romantica 1 dan 2serta mencari tahu termasuk kedalam klasifikasi peribahasa manakah kotowaza tersebut. Kemudian mencari tahu apakah kotowaza tersebut memiliki padanan makna dengan peribahasa Indonesia.Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat 24 kotowazayang ada dalam anime Junjou Romantica 1 dan 2. Semua kotowazamengandung makna denotatif dan hanya empat kotowazayang mengandung makna konotatif, yaitu 叩けよさらば開かれん (tatakeyosaraba hirakaren), 袖すりあうも他生の縁 (sode suriau mo tashou no en), 月に叢雲花に風 (tsuki ni murakumo hana ni kaze), dan 縁は異なもの (en wa inamono). Kemudian terdapat tiga kotowaza yang tidak memiliki padanan makna dengan peribahasa Indonesia, yaitu旅の恥は掻き捨て (tabi no haji wa kakisute), 一度あることは二度ある (ichido aru koto wa nido aru), dan二度あることは三度ある (nido aru koto wa sando aru). A proverb in Japanese language is called as kotowaza. Kotowaza in Japanese language itself is used as advice, satire, warning, moral lesson as well as life motivation. In this study, the researcher focuses on kotowaza in anime called Junjou Romantica 1 and 2. This study aims to find out if there are any connotative or denotative meaning contained in anime Junjou Romantica 1 and 2as well as to find out its proverb classification. Finally, this study also tries to find out whether the proverb has an equivalent in Indonesian proverb or not. The result shows that there are 24 proverbs found in anime Junjou Romantica1and 2. All the proverbs have denotative meanings and only four proverbs have connotative meanings,such as叩けよさらば開かれん (tatakeyosaraba hirakaren), 袖すりあうも他生の縁 (sode suriau mo tashou no en), 月に叢雲花に風 (tsuki ni murakumo hana ni kaze), 縁は異なもの (en wa inamono). And there are only three proverbs that do not have any equivalents in Indonesian proverbs, such as 旅の恥は掻き捨て (tabi no haji wa kakisute), 一度あることは二度ある (ichido aru koto wa nido aru),and二度あることは三度ある (nido aru koto wa sando aru).

This study is aimed to reveal parts of Banjarese proverbs which contain wisdom values, to find kinds of wisdom values represented through the Banjarese proverbs, and to reveal social contexts influencing the producing and interpreting process of the proverbs. The data of this study are gathered and selected from several literatures of Banjarese which are then analyzed using critical linguistics. The results of this study show that the parts which contain the wisdom values of the Banjarese people are the clues of interpretation. The wisdom values are also related to the good and the bad behaviours of Banjarese people. It is also found that Islam, as the religion followed by the majority of the Banjarese people, influences the Banjarese culture and Banjarese proverbs. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu bagian mana saja dari peribahasa bahasa Banjar yang mengandung nilai kerarifan, menemukan bentuk nilai kearifan didalamnya, dan mengetahui apakah terdapat suatu konteks social yang mempengaruhi proses pembentukan dan penginterpetasian peribahasa itu sendiri. Data dalam studi ini dirangkum dari beberapa literatur yang ditulis oleh orang Banjar sendiri yang dipilih dengan alasan hanya literatur tersebut lah yang tersedia pada waktu studi ini dibuat. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisa dengan metode linguistic kritis. Studi ini menunjukkan bagian dari peribahasa Banjar yang cenderung mengandung nilai kearifan adalah penanda interpretasi. Hasil studi ini juga menunjukkan nilai kearifan dalam peribahasa Banjar terkait dengan sikap yang tidak patut ditiru dan sikap yang pantas untuk diikuti. Dan diasumsikan juga bahwa agama islam, yang terhitung sebagai agama yang dipeluk mayoritas penduduk Banjar, ternyata memiliki pengaruh terhadap kebudayaan dan peribahasa Banjar.

The appreciation to “a virtuous woman” in Proverb 31:10-31 tend to be interpreted by patriarchal perspectives. Such interpretations view a virtuous woman as someone who should benefit man. This article intends to seek a fresh reading of Proverbs 31:10-31 by a feminist perspective. The method used to produce this reading is a feminist hermeneutics approach, which applies three steps of analysis: hermeneutics of suspicion, hermeneutics of remembrance, and hermeneutics of liberation. The result of this research is that the appreciation to women in Proverbs 31:10-31 should not be used as a means to legitimize male domination by shackling women in an ideal image that only benefits men, but rather as a means of remembering the women’s suffering and fighting power, as well as triggering creative efforts for women's liberation so that they can actualize their own potential. AbstrakPujian terhadap “istri yang cakap” di dalam Amsal 31:10-31 cenderung ditafsirkan dari sudut pandang patriakal. Tafsir yang demikian memandang istri yang cakap sebagai perempuan yang seharusnya menguntungkan laki-laki. Tulisan ini bermaksud memberikan pembacaan terhadap Amsal 31:10-31 dari sudut pandang feminis. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan pembacaan tersebut adalah dengan pendekatan hermeneutik Feminis, yang menerapkan tiga langkah analisis: hermeneutik kecurigaan, hermeneutik ingatan, dan hermeneutik pembebasan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pujian terhadap perempuan dalam Amsal 31:10-31 semestinya tidak dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk melegitimasi dominasi laki-laki dengan membelenggu perempuan pada gambaran ideal yang hanya menguntungkan laki-laki, melainkan untuk dijadikan sebagai sarana mengingat derita dan daya juang perempuan serta memicu upaya kreatif untuk pembebasan perempuan agar dapat mengaktualisasikan potensi dirinya sendiri.

This study guide introduces students to the Book of Proverbs from the Old Testament. Zoltán Schwáb examines the book’s structure and characteristics; covers the latest Biblical scholarship, including historical and interpretive issues; and considers a range of scholarly approaches including as feminist, black and disability theory. The guide encourages existential engagement with Proverbs, and uses diverse tools in order to achieve this. A special emphasis will be placed on the honesty and the ‘dark side’ of Proverbs, and the ambiguity and poetry of proverbs is also discussed. The form, teaching, and use of proverbs will be contrasted with comparable modern genres, such as modern aphorisms, short absurd novels, adverts and twitter messages. Finally, the guide presents a comparison with the rich heritage of African proverbs. With suggestions of further reading at the end of each chapter, this guide will be an essential accompaniment to study of the Book of Proverbs.

AbstractA hidden part of the World Wide Web is known as the Dark Web, featuring websites that cannot be indexed by traditional search engines. Many open source software products are used to access and navigate through the Dark Web. Together they form the Dark Web open source software ecosystem. Research on this ecosystem is scarce and research on the ecosystem health is non-existent, even though ecosystem health is an useful indicator of the livelihood of an ecosystem. The goal of this research is to evaluate the health of the ecosystem through an assessment of Tor, I2P and GitHub. The Open Source Ecosystem Health Operationalization framework is used to help perform this assessment. Eight metrics from the framework are selected, which are measured using the data collected. Analysis of Tor and I2P metrics suggest that there has been an increase in Tor and I2P user activity in the recent past. Added knowledge, spin offs and forks and usage indicate active participation and interest in Tor and I2P. There has also been an increase in the number of active GitHub Dark Web projects. However, these GitHub projects are not well-connected and only a small number of projects have a large number of contributors. There is some variety among the GitHub software projects. The framework proves to be adequately capable of determining the health of the Dark Web open source ecosystem with the available data.

The⁠⁠⁠ ⁤⁤letter X stands for [ks] in the Greek “dark blue” scripts, and for /⁠kh/ in the “red” scripts. Moreover, the sequence [ks] is usually spelt with the digraph ΧΣ in the “light blue” scripts, rather than with expected ΚΣ (ΧΣΕΝΟΣ). Several phonetic explanations have been proposed to account for this fact, but none of them proves satisfactory. Furthermore, the spelling ΧΣ is purportedly attested in some “red” scripts (Boeotian ΑΡΓΥΡΟΤΟΧΣΟΙ = ἀργυροτόξωι), in which the letter X or the digraph ▯Σ should be expected. To complicate matters further, a spelling ▯Σ, usually interpreted as a variant of “light blue” ΧΣ, occurs at Naxos (NA▯ΣIO). This paper tries to integrate all these seemingly disparate facts into a principled explanation. “Dark blue” Ξ, Naxian ▯Σ, and “red” Χ are probably all avatars of Phoenician samek, and the use of X for /⁠kh/ in the “blue” scripts resulted from a misanalysis of pleonastic ΧΣ spellings.

Castello’s sonatas signal a radical departure from previous practice by introducing words (Allegro and Adagio, in Venetian dialect) to describe the mood of the sections and the implied tempi: this suggests a release from the dictates of tactus and the subsequent enhancement of freedom to the performer, the hallmark of what came to be known as stylus fantasticus. The bulk of the lesson deals with minutiae in the Observations section. An exercise entitled “Active impulses and passive ‘after-notes’ ” is designed to highlight the important notes and underplay the less important ones. Intensively notated examples of phrasings and dynamics within a line of equal notes promote the idea of dialogue and narrative, rather than melody. In his short adagios, explored in detail, Castello proves himself a master of expression.

Abstract This chapter argues that, despite the narratives of improvement and modernization, walking in London’s streets remained difficult and dangerous until the start of the twentieth century, as the experience of street sellers proves. It considers the impact on hawkers’ work of the physical conditions, including the weather, dirt, and paving. Next, it examines how street sellers with different produce took to the streets throughout the day and night, and how much of London remained dark, even with the proliferation of street lighting. Lastly, it explores the risks hawkers faced as they went about their work, from rushing vehicles to theft, harassment, and assault. Women street sellers especially were never able to move through the city entirely at ease.

The article examines the interpretation of the so-called “dark places” (obscure in meaning and function of the fragments), which are contained in the books of V.A. Vorontsov and A.A. Utkin dedicated to The Tale of Igor’s Campaign. Both interpreters consider The Tale, placing it in contexts that are fundamentally new in comparison with the background against which this literary monument was usually studied. However, these contexts themselves in V.A. Vorontsov and A.A. Utkin are completely different. In the monograph by V.A. Vorontsov is a Turkic-speaking cultural environment and alleged Turkic-speaking legends, in the book of A.A. Utkin — pagan mythology, mostly Scandinavian. V.A. Vorontsov proceeds from the idea of creating the core of the work in the Turkic environment and in the Turkic language. The names of the pagan gods that are present in the text of The Tale, the researcher interprets as the result of a Russian co-author’s or scribes’ misunderstanding of some Turkic “epics” about the campaign of Prince Igor. In contrast to V.A. Vorontsov A.A. Utkin considers the names of pagan gods in The Tale as elements of a mythological system that was historically common to Scandinavians and Slavs. Veles, Dazhbog, Troyan, mentioned in the text of the monument, he considers different names for the same deity and identifies them with Odin. According to the researcher, the author of The Tale proceeds from the idea of this god as the ancestor of the Rurikovich. The article proves that both hypotheses are unfounded and ignore the data of the text.

This article consists of two parts. The first one is theoretical and examines the problem of commenting on O.E. Mandelstam’s texts: it analyzes previous experiences, compares different commentarial approaches realized in former editions, discusses possibilities and shortcomings of intertextual and biographical commentary. Specific examples illustrate problems concerning the choice of data for commentary. The second part of the article fully examines three passages that underlies commentary. The allusion to Tyutchev’s “Two Voices” in Mandelstam’s “Let’s Celebrate the Dusk of Freedom, Brethren” (1918) is commented in the context of the wider problem of Mandelstam’s perception of Tyutchev. The author shows that the quote from Tyutcnev is fully motivated by the fact that the general idea of the poem comes from the historiosophy of Tyutchev, “the giver of a strong and logical view of life”. However, Mandelstam accentuates the idea of individuality and “the ideal of perfect virility” demanded by the revolution. The second commented passage is the image of “dense curbs” in the poem “Keep My Voice Forever…” (1931). Firstly, the article gives some available interpretations of the image (Gasparov, Ronen); then compares Mandelstam’s motive with the real dungeons (“porub”) described in the Russian chronicles since the 9th century and well known to Mandelstam through some later examples (Avvakum Petrov, Daria Saltykova). The image of the “dense curbs” is compared to the relevant for that time theme of “relegating execution”, that was practiced by the Bolsheviks during the Revolution. Finally, the article examines the phrase “stolen air” (from The Fourth Prose, 1930) and proves that it goes back to Paul Verlaine’s poem “Art Poetique”.

Ao realizar o exercício de repensar políticas e práticas pedagógicas, convém olhar para as ações passadas e refleti-las, possibilitando-nos conjecturar o futuro escolar. Assim, este artigo visa dar continuidade ao trabalho “Mídias sociais e Educação: reflexões sobre as publicações do Congresso Nacional de Educação entre 2014 e 2017”, publicado no V CONEDU e objetiva mapear, apresentar e refletir sobre as produções relacionadas à temática das mídias sociais e as práticas pedagógicas publicadas nas edições do Congresso Nacional de Educação dos anos de 2018 a 2021. Para tanto, parte de uma revisão de literatura de tais publicações, analisando suas palavras-chave, as temáticas investigadas, seus objetivos e conclusões, assim como uma percepção da evolução numérica na quantidade dos trabalhos encontrados. Foram mapeadas 89 publicações utilizando-se dos termos buscadores: mídias; redes sociais; Facebook; YouTube; Twitter; e Instagram, havendo ainda o critério de exclusão de não tratar da temática das mídias sociais. A partir da leitura dos resumos dos trabalhos, foram elencadas as seguintes categorias de análise: as mídias sociais enquanto estratégia nas práticas de ensino e aprendizagem; a produção e análise de conteúdo pedagógico para as mídias sociais; as mídias sociais enquanto canais de divulgação científica e comunicação social; o papel das mídias sociais na formação continuada de professores; e a transversalidade das mídias sociais. Foi possível concluir que as mídias sociais tiveram e tendem a continuar sendo um papel fundamental ao projetarmos o futuro escolar e suas práticas pedagógicas. Cabe a instância política assegurar uma infraestrutura técnica do ponto de vista do acesso à internet e aos dispositivos digitais no ambiente escolar, assim como dos profissionais educacionais proverem práticas pedagógicas atentas ao cenário das mídias sociais e suas implicações.

Sažetak: Tema rada je istražiti te analizirati projekte energetske učinkovitosti vezane uz obnovu obiteljskih kuća na području kontinentalne Hrvatske u razdoblju unazad pet godina. Istraživanje je usmjereno prema analizi svih ključnih parametara uspješnosti takvih projekata kao i analizi svih nedostataka kod implementacije projekata energetske učinkovitosti obiteljskih kuća. Analizirat će se javni pozivi od strane Republike Hrvatske te će se provesti tehničko-ekonomska analiza učinaka pojedinih parametara projekata na uspješnost, odnosno kvalitetu provedbe. Analizirat će se i novi informacijski model prijave na takve projekte te ukazati na prednosti i nedostatke takvih modela u odnosu na ranije korištene modele. Cilj istraživanja je dobivenim rezultatima ukazati na probleme kod takvih projekata te dati preporuke, odnosno smjernice, kako povećati uspješnost realizacije tako važnih projekata. Abstract: The topic of the paper is to research and analyze energy efficiency projects related to the renovation of family houses in the area of continental Croatia in the period of five years back.. The research will be focused on the analysis of all key parameters of project success and also on the analysis of all imperfections of implementation of energy efficiency projects of family houses. It will be analyzed public calls of Republic of Croatia for the renovation of family houses and will be performed a technical and economic analysis of the effects of individual project parameters on the success and quality of implementation. The new information model of applying for such projects will be analyzed and pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of such models in relation to previously used models. The aim of the research is to point out the problems with such projects and to give recommendations, ie guidelines on how to increase the success of the realization of such important projects.

Abstract. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a photocatalyst that has recently been given a lot of attention due to its effectiveness in wastewater and environmental treatment, solar energy utilization, biomedical applications, etc. In this study, g-C3N4 was synthesized and characterized to carry out the degradation of metoprolol tartrate salt (MET), which is classified as an emerging contaminant. MET is one of the most commonly used pharmaceuticals to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases and disorders, a common disease in Malaysia. Recent discoveries of MET in surface waters and drinking water raise awareness and concerns. g-C3N4 was synthesized using solid urea by placing it in a muffle furnace of 550°C for 3 hours. The photocatalytic activities of g-C3N4 were investigated by photodegradation of MET, g-C3N4 of different dosages were added into MET-containing solution, and a dark reaction was carried out for 24 hours for complete adsorption equilibrium. Various physical and chemical analyses were conducted to elucidate the properties of g-C3N4, such as FESEM, FTIR and UV-Vis. The absorbance and reflectance graphs of g-C3N4 show that there will be higher absorption in the visible light spectra. The results show that the optimum dosage to treat 10 ppm of MET is by using 0.3 g of g-C3N4. Under sunlight irradiation of 4 hours, the degradation of MET achieved 54.6% of removal. Hence, it proves that g-C3N4 nanosheet can be applied to remove complex pollutants such as MET under sunlight irradiation. This path is an alternative removal method for MET in a sustainable approach.

In this paper, facts are traditionally considered as negative in nuclear related education, e.g. the invisible nuclear radiation, harmful release, even nuclear accidents, are discussed. This paper puts that the factors may let the public be against to nuclear are possible to be converted and improve public acceptance to nuclear industry. The premise is: awareness of those factors are included in nuclear education as a highlighted part, unlike the way they were treated before: never be mentioned or even be hidden on purpose. Nuclear education used to merely show the “perfection” of nuclear power, such as it is clear, green and effective, which is absolutely correct. However, people know that there is no silver bullet. The disadvantages of nuclear are almost never included in nuclear education, not mention the accidents or solutions to nuclear emergency. This type of education helps little to improve public acceptance to nuclear, what is worse, it prevents the public from seeing a whole picture of nuclear and nuclear industry; the public may be puzzled and tend to reject nuclear, because that they don’t have proper awareness of danger, and tend to magnify it indefinitely. This paper focuses on how the information and knowledge of nuclear radiation, NPP accident, and other “dark” facts may affect the impression of nuclear to the public. This paper also discusses the parts are necessary to be included in nuclear education, such as radiation protection, contingency plan and factors mentioned above. Additionally, this paper proves that if dealt correctly, the facts to be treated negative are turned to have a miraculous effect on improving public acceptance to nuclear.

Abstract Field development for brownfields nearing their economic thresholds is always challenging, especially in offshore environments. As an operator, innovative approaches are necessary to reduce capital expenditures (CAPEX) and create attractive projects. A marginal cluster consisting of three fields, namely PN, NL, and PR, is expected to reach its economic limit in the next 2 years. This paper elaborates on single-trip completion technology as a catalyst for drilling one infill well in the PR field development project. In 2017, one appraisal well was drilled in a western area of PR field to validate the presence of oil. The scope of work included evaluating reservoir productivity and acquiring bottomhole fluid samples. A drillstem test with four multirate tests was executed for this reservoir. A horizontal development well named PA-02 was proposed and categorized as an extended-reach drilling well because of the drilling complexity. Most offshore wells in shallow-water environments are completed with a conventional well completion run that takes two or more trips, which normally takes more than between 5 and 8 days. Given expensive daily rig rates, the ability to reduce completion installation time was deemed vital to the economics of the project. If the installation incurs additional unnecessary project costs, it can cause the project to be economically unattractive. Using a collaborative approach, an interventionless, single-trip sand control system was designed and selected as the optimal completion solution to meet project demands. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is one of the key enablers for the single-trip completion as it offers the utmost flexibility in both activation and contingency methods to deliver the necessary project cost reduction. At a time of uncertain global crude oil prices, the RFID-enabled single-trip completion concept discussed in this paper has become a beacon of light for operators in an otherwise dark period by allowing previously marginal or sub-economic projects to become viable. This technology has resulted in operational time savings of at least 27% compared to typical conventional two-trip completions in Malaysia offshore environments. Minimizing operational risk is also foreseen by reducing installation to a single integrated upper and lower completion trip. Selecting this RFID-enabled completion facilitated full deployment in one trip in the high-angle well, which eliminated the deployment of a tractor service for a 67% cost savings in this aspect alone. This method represented a paradigm shift in operational efficiency and will now be the operator’s strategic completion methodology when developing marginal fields. The deployment represents the first application of a single-trip completion in an economically challenging brownfield in the Malaysian offshore environment. The reduction in operational time and resultant savings in CAPEX proves that a single-trip completion offers an exceptional alternative to conventional methods in the shallow-water offshore environment.

Выполнена оценка зарастания земель, вышедших из сельскохозяйственного пользования, древесной растительностью, определены её состав и густота на основе полевых исследований, а также с использованием разновременных снимков Landsat 5,8 путём расчёта вегетационного индекса ARVI. Объект исследования – земельный участок, расположенный в с. Нагайбаково Бакалинского района Республики Башкортостан. При помощи дискретной шкалы значений индекса ARVI травяной покров и древесная растительность были отделены от участков с открытой почвой. Комбинации спектральных каналов 5, 4, 3 для снимков со спутника Landsat 8 и каналов 4, 3, 2 для снимков со спутника Landsat 5 позволяют определить наличие древесной растительности на землях сельскохозяйственного назначения. На участке зарастания присутствует густая травянистая растительность с индексом ARVI от 0,2 до 0,3. На снимках 2001 и 2019 гг. проявляются участки с присутствием деревьев, индекс ARVI которых находится в диапазоне 0,3-0,9. Открытые почвы с индексом ARVI от 0 до 0,2 на снимках Landsat имеют тёмно-коричневую окраску. Установлено, что площадь зарастания древесными породами сельскохозяйственного участка составляет 2,5 га. Видовой состав и густота изучаемого насаждения определены комбинацией глазомерного и инструментального методов лесной таксации. Использование осенних снимков (конец сентября - начало октября) является наиболее удачным решением для определения породного состава древесной растительности. Используя дискретную шкалу и полученный индекс ARVI, находящийся в диапазоне 0,3- 0,9 для хвойных, получаем возможность подтвердить данное утверждение. The paper assesses the lands excluded from agricultural use in terms of woody vegetation, composition and density determined based on field studies, as well as using Landsat 5,8 multi-time images by calculating the vegetation index ARVI. The area under study is located near the village of Nagaybakovo in the Bakalinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Grass cover and woody vegetation were differentiated from open soil areas using a discrete scale of ARVI values. The combinations of spectral channels 5, 4, 3 for Landsat 8 satellite images and channels 4, 3, 2 for Landsat 5 satellite images make it possible to detect woody vegetation on agricultural lands. The overgrown area has dense grassy vegetation with an ARVI index from 0.2 to 0.3. In the images obtained in 2001 and 2019 there are spots with the presence of trees, and the ARVI index ranges between 0.3 and 0.9. Open soil area with an ARVI index ranging from 0 to 0.2 in Landsat images is characterized by dark brown color. In the course of research it has been found out that the agricultural area overgrown with tree species accounts to 2.5 hectares. The species composition and the density of the area under study are determined by a combination of visual and instrumental methods of forest inventory. Using the autumn images (late September - early October) is best for determining species composition of woody vegetation. Using a discrete scale and the resulting ARVI index ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 for conifers proves this assumption.

The current exploration in the Natuna Basin is focusing on the Muda Formation, as there have been shallow gas discoveries such as Dara and Tuna in the East Natuna Basin as well as Kaci and Mako in the West Natuna Basin. Unfortunately, only limited studies or publications are available because the Muda Formation has not been the main exploration target in the past. This study attempts to build a series of regional Gross Depositional Environment (GDE) of the Muda Formation in the southeastern part of the East Natuna Basin that has never been published before. The present-day bathymetric and ancient river network maps of the Natuna region were integrated into the interpretation to complement limited seismic and well data. The present-day bathymetric map was adjusted to the Haq’s eustatic sea level curve and biostratigraphic data to depict ancient water depth, shoreline, and basin configuration maps. Meanwhile, the ancient river network map from Molengraaff (1921) was also used to establish the locus of the sediment influx into the basin. The depositional history of the Muda Formation began in the Late Miocene until the present-day during a period of tectonic quiescence. The continental slope gradient in the Natuna region was very gentle and hence the sedimentary process in the basin was strongly controlled by sea level changes. The Muda Formation has been subsequently divided into three sequences based on the eustatic sea level curve by Haq et al (1987), namely: the Lower Muda, Middle Muda, and Upper Muda sequences. Meanwhile, the paleobathymetric map and paleoriver network modeling suggests that there were two major estuaries, namely Maludam and Molengraaff that were influenced by tidal-dominated processes during the deposition of the Muda interval in the nearshore area. The Lower Muda deposition began in the Late Miocene, following the Middle Miocene tectonic uplift in the Natuna region. Its paleobathymetry is interpreted to be approximately 50 meters deeper than the present-day bathymetry. The sediment provenance of Lower Muda derived from onshore NW Borneo through the Maludam Estuary in the southeastern part of the basin. The Middle Muda Sequence marked a maximum transgressive event during the Early Pliocene period. The interpreted Middle Muda water depth was approximately 80 meters deeper than the present-day water depth due to global sea level rise. The Upper Muda Sequence was deposited during Plio-Pleistocene. A rapid and significant change of water depth, shoreline and sediment influx were controlled by the sea level change due to glaciation during the Ice Age. Its main sediment source was coming from Sumatera through the Molengraaff River toward estuary in the southwestern part of the basin during events when sea level dropped and alternately shifted through Maludam River and estuary during interglacial. This study proves that the eustatic curve, ancient river network and present-day water depth maps are valuable data to interpret the depositional model of the Muda Formation. The same data integration can be applied to other cases, which have equivalent age ranges in a similar geological setting. Overall, the Muda Formation is interpreted as clastic sediment that was deposited in fluvial to marine shelf environments.

Driven by the demand for innovation, design is constantly evolving and is increasingly focused on integrating new technologies into design processes. Technological innovations have proven to be of fundamental importance, both in speeding up and improving production processes and managing and enriching the ideational process.We are now surrounded by software in which the participation of artificial intelligence is constant, but although it has become pervasive, we often do not even notice its presence. In the field of product design, several software exploiting artificial intelligence have been diffused to provide us with virtual products at the two-dimensional level. These software are capable of transforming the ideational stages of a project, as they generate original idea proposals in a matter of minutes. One of the most popular software is Midjourney, which is based on the key text-to-image concept, and can create images from prompts, and descriptive keywords provided by the designer. There are also interesting examples in this regard. Think of the work done by Filippo Nassetti, a British architect and designer, who came up with a series of sunglasses and eyeglasses by going through Midjourney, to obtain zoomorphic-inspired products that recall the textures of biological and mineral microstructures. The surreal collection of biomorphically shaped glasses is an example of the exploration of the creative potential of Midjourney software.Another interesting project is the one tackled by the Oio company for the Spawns spoon collection, in collaboration with Giosanpietro Jewelry. According to Simone Rebaudengo, director and co-founder together with Matteo Loglio of the Oio company, the products in the Spawns collection derive from an ongoing dialogue between different skills that has led to the collaboration between man and algorithm, resulting in an expansion of the handmade, merging the ancient world of craftsmanship with that of advanced technology, defining what they call 'craft intelligence.The paper aims to explore the relationships, potentials and limitations of integrating artificial intelligence into the design process through a design experience that tests the innovative potential of text-to-image software in product ideation and reflects on the redefinition of the designer's role in this rapidly and continuous changing scenario.The case study presented therefore experiments with a design process in which the ideation phase is supported by AI, particularly by text-to-image software, which allows textual descriptions to be translated into visual representations, generating highly detailed images and offering new creative possibilities. The work addressed outlines perspectives and critical issues, which deserve further investigation. On the one hand, one potential that is being outlined is the possibility of visualizing even complex ideas by entrusting the imaginative component to the software, having a multiplicity of alternatives and expanding the ideational range with novel solutions from which to make more informed design choices. Text-to-image software also simulates effective virtual prototyping, allowing a concept to be prefigured and visualized in a three-dimensional context before committing to physical production.On the other hand, text-to-image software has some significant limitations, for example in the poor correspondence of generated images with design intentions and the designer's need to acquire technical skills to effectively use text-to-image software, going on to delineate the possibility of a figure such as that of the prompt designer.Therefore, the presented project aims to contribute to the contemporary debate on the integration of AI into design processes with the collaboration of text-to-image software as another avenue for innovation in product design. The scenario sketched out defines an area in which the role of the designer and human creativities proves irreplaceable, leaving one to understand how more and more a process of understanding and collaboration with AI technologies is needed, and how the skills required of future designers are going to vary and expand.Nozaki, N., Konno, E., Sato, M., Sakairi, M., Shibuya, T., Kanazawa, Y., & Georgescu, S., 2017, Application of artificial intelligence technology in product design. Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J, 53(4), 43-51.F. Morace, Design più umano. Quello che l’intelligenza artificiale non potrà mai darci. Egea, 2018S. Quintarelli, Intelligenza artificiale: cos'è davvero, come funziona, che effetti avrà. Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 2020G. E. Valori, Intelligenza artificiale tra mito e realtà. Motore di sviluppo o pericolo imminente? Rubbettino, 2021L. Keeheon, A Systematic Review on Social Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence in Product Design. Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2668; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052668M. Mitchell, L'intelligenza artificiale: una guida per esseri umani pensanti. Einaudi, 2022

Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. 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