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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dark tourism'
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Bali-Hudáková, Lenka. "Dark Tourism." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16926.
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This thesis is focused on the variability of the demand and the development of new trends in the fields of the tourism industry. Special attention is devoted to a new arising trend of the Dark Tourism. This trend has appeared in the end of the 20th century and it has gained the attraction of media, tourists, tourism specialists and other stakeholders. First part of the thesis is concerned with the variety of the tourism industry and the ethic question of the tourism development. The other part contains the Dark Tourism definition and the prevailing motivation for taking part in this tourism trend. Then the thesis is concerned with the Czech Republic, it's conditions and destinations for developing the Dark Tourism. Last part is devoted to research among common tourists and their attitude to the Dark Tourism.
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Piteira, Andreia Filipa Ventaneira. "Dark tourism na cidade de Évora." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31766.
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O Dark Tourism é um tipo de turismo que se tem vindo a desenvolver bastante recentemente, cativando cada vez mais a atenção de turistas e visitantes, mas ao mesmo tempo o Dark Tourism não é muito investigado e estudado, principalmente em Portugal, a nível científico e académico, sendo por este motivo essencial realizar investigações inovadoras sobre este tipo de turismo no nosso país.
A investigação realizada foi implementada na cidade de Évora, onde foram analisadas as potencialidades que esta cidade apresenta para o desenvolvimento do Dark Tourism, um aspeto que ainda não tinha sido estudado em Évora. Para além do estudo das potencialidades que a cidade de Évora possui para a implementação do Dark Tourism foi também, através de uma metodologia quantitativa, aplicado um inquérito por questionário aos visitantes da Capela dos Ossos da cidade de Évora, devido a esta ser a única atração turística da cidade que é classificada por alguns promotores de turismo como uma atração de Dark Tourism.
Os dados primários obtidos através da aplicação do inquérito por questionário foram essenciais para dar resposta à questão inicial que foi a seguinte: “O turista e/ou visitante que visita a cidade de Évora apresenta motivações relacionadas com o Dark Tourism?”, também permitiram cumprir o objetivo geral da investigação que pretendia identificar e analisar se as motivações do turista e/ou visitante que visita a cidade de Évora estavam associadas ao Dark Tourism e ainda possibilitaram a rejeição da hipótese de estudo que era: “Os turistas e/ou visitantes consideram que a Capela dos Ossos não é uma atração turística associada ao Dark Tourism”; Title: Dark Tourism in the city of Évora
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Dark Tourism is a type of tourism that has grown significantly recently, captivating the attention of more and more tourists and visitors, but at the same time Dark Tourism is not very researched and studied, especially in Portugal, at a scientific and academic level, and for this reason, it is essential to carry out innovative research about this type of tourism in Portugal.
The investigation was implemented in the city of Évora, where the potentialities that this city presents for the development of Dark Tourism were analyzed, an aspect that had not yet been studied in Évora. In addition to the study of the potentialities that the city of Évora has for the implementation of Dark Tourism, it was also applied, through a quantitative methodology, a research inquiry to the visitors of the Chapel of Bones of the city of Évora, since this is the only tourist attraction in the city that is classified by some tourism promoters as a Dark Tourism attraction.
The primary data obtained through the application of the research inquiry were essential to answer the initial question which was the following: "Do tourists and/or visitors who visit the city of Évora have motivations that are related to Dark Tourism?", the primary data also enabled the fulfillment of the general research objective which was to identify and analyze if the motivations of tourists and/or visitors who visit the city of Évora were associated with Dark Tourism and also allowed the rejection of the study hypothesis which was: "Tourists and/or visitors consider that the Chapel of Bones is not a tourist attraction associated with Dark Tourism".
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Eminagic, Amera, and Elin Oskarsson. "Dark Tourism: Underground fenomenet : En studie i att levandegöra dark tourism i Halmstad." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19109.
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I många år har människor jorden runt varit fascinerade av skräck och någonting som gett dem en adrenalinkick eller känsla av sorg. Därför har många spännande sevärdheter uppkommit, som exempelvis London Dungeons och Auschwitz. Detta har blivit en ny trend i turismen och har utvecklats väldigt mycket utomlands; människor vill betala för att se och ta del av elände och misär. Det lockar många olika grupper av åskådare, främst skolgrupper men även enskilda personer som vill veta mer om historian bakom platsen. Detta är även ett stort intresse hos oss (Amera och Elin) och blev därmed ett självklart val när vi bestämde oss för att utföra denna studie. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att belysa förutsättningarna för att utveckla brun turism i Halmstad. Studien ska även ge en mer konkret överblick om den nya växlande trenden dark tourism som är väldigt populär utomlands. Detta vill vi sedan även införliva i Halmstads turismnäring och använda oss av de lokala myterna och legenderna för att lyfta fram stadens historia genom vandringar/guidade turer som vi kommer att framställa
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Liu, Wei. "Chinese tourists' perceived value in dark tourism consumption experience." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842258/.
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Dark tourism has grown to be a major part of the visitor economy worldwide, with an increasing number of people traveling to visit the sites which commemorate natural or man-made disasters. However, promoting such sites as potential dark tourism attractions is still rare in China. Moreover, despite the increasing academic investigation of tourist experience at dark sites, most studies have focused on western tourists and sites. It is still unclear how Chinese tourists may understand and respond to their domestic dark tourism experience. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to propose a theoretically integrated approach to understanding dark tourism consumption that does not necessarily belong to the western tradition. To achieve this, the present study explores dark tourism experience value in the Chinese context on the one hand, and on the other hand propose an integrated model to complete understanding of the relationships between internalized cultural values and norms, place attachment driven by environmental psychology, and post-experience evaluation. This study takes a quantitative approach based on a structured questionnaire survey in Wenchuan, China, a well-known dark tourism destination revitalized and innovated from the devastating 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The findings of this study provide the holistic view of dark tourism consumption experience in Chinese context, identify the epistemic benefits perceived by the Chinese tourists, and reveal among domestic Chinese visitors to the post-disaster destination a strong association between collectivism and perceived obligation and responsibility. This study contributes to the theoretical development of tourism experience in general as well as enrich the literature in the dark tourism area. In addition, it draws some practical implications on responsible and culturally sensitive management and marketing of dark tourism attractions.
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MacAmhalai, Micheal. "The dialectics of dark tourism." Thesis, Ulster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510462.
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Thapa, Magar Asha. "Enlightening Dark Tourism in Nepal." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404606/.
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This study aims to examine the motivation, experience and benefits of Nepalese domestic tourists visiting the seismic memorial sites after the 25 April 2015 earthquake (known as Gorkha earthquake). A total of 403 surveys was gathered from seismic sites of Nepal (Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan). Data were tested to analyze why the tourists are interested in disaster sites and how their experience during their visit impact the benefits of the visits. Additionally, partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the relationships among tourist motivations, experiences, and perceived benefits at the dark tourism sites in Nepal. Among the five motivational factors discovered, the empirical results depict that emotional reaction is the strongest factor of the dark tourism motivation, affecting both cognitive and affective experiences. Additionally, this study confirms that cognitive experience is more influenced by dark tourism motivations than affective experience. Among the four experience factors examined in the study, self-reflection is found to have the strongest impact of three aspects of perceived dark tourism benefits, such as knowledge gain, fulfillment, and appreciation. Overall, the findings of the study provide important implications to the management sectors of dark tourism sites, enhancing the importance of providing cognitive experiences (i.e. distributing the educational materials about the dark tourism events and offering the knowledgeable tour guide who can guide the sites) and affective experience of the tourists (storytelling about the events, organizing educational and volunteering programs at the sites). Further, this study contributes to the limited literature in the context of dark tourism and provide important managerial and practical implications based on the case of Nepal earthquake in 2015.
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Robinson, N. "Dark tourism motivations : an investigation into the motivations of visitors to sites associated with dark tourism." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36776/.
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In recent years the notion of tourists visiting sites associated with death and destruction has started to receive much attention within the associated literature, with issues coupled with visitor motivations being key to this research. The genre that probably best describes the study of this subject matter (death and destruction) is ‘dark tourism’. Lennon & Foley (1996, p200) describe this as “the phenomenon which encompasses the presentation and consumption (by visitors) of real and commodified death and disaster sites”. The identification of those factors that guide the selection of such dark sites and a review of visitor’s on-site experiences and subsequent post visit behaviour is important and requires further attention. The main aim of this study is to better understand the motivations and on-site activities of visitors to contemporary dark tourism sites. In addition the methods associated with archiving the visit in terms of souvenir hunting, photography and other related actions will be investigated. From what is evidenced in the literature, it is clear to see that many of these dark locations can be broadly classified as ‘dark shrines’ (Stone, 2006); but there has been little empirical investigation relating to visitor motivations and behaviour of visitors whilst at these sites. The empirical data was collected using qualitative methods, primarily Means-End Chain (MEC) analysis was employed. This is a qualitative methodological tool, employing a semi-structured one on one interview style. Fourteen interviews in total were used from individuals who had visited dark sites and the data was analysed using the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The results suggest that the main motivations for visiting those sites that are deemed lighter on the dark spectrum were associated with entertainment, family fun and some learning, with much emphasis upon showcasing the experience to peers upon their return home. In contrast the motivations for visiting dark sites such as concentration camps and camps of mass genocide tended to be more empathetic with the victims, with issues associated with education and intellectual enquiry being fundamental to the visit. Issues associated with peer recognition as a result of the visit were not deemed as important for those visiting darker sites. In conclusion the research shows that visitors to the lighter sites tend to be informed by family and loved ones with emphasis upon enjoyment and family kinship. In contract those who visit the darker sites tended to be more interested in the educational and academic overtones associated with the site, with a keen interest in history further facilitating this need. The main contribution of this research relates to the differing needs as identified by light and dark visitors whist at site. Visitors at lighter sites tend to require more operational based information associated with facilities and merchandising provision, whereas visitors to darker sites require information that is geo-political and quasi academic in nature, so as to better understand the magnitude of the atrocities. In terms of the manner by which light and dark visitors go about collecting artefacts / souvenirs this also differs greatly with lighter visitors looking for commercially produced items to take home and take picture of family members in situ. In contrast visitors to darker sites choose to collect souvenirs at site which are often items of nature associated specifically with the sight. Picture taking is limited, but when used is associated with the site and the surroundings.
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Dermody, Erin. "The ritual performance of dark tourism." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16176.
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Whether it be more recent public tragedies or more distant death related events, sites and gatherings associated with death and disaster present an opportunity to explore the social phenomenon described as "dark tourism". To study this social phenomenon, the current literature on dark tourism widely acknowledges that a multi-disciplinary approach is required and that much work remains to be done to fully appreciate the phenomenon. This thesis draws upon the sociology of death to consider the dark tourism experience as part of a society's death system, and it draws upon a dynamic theory of ritual interaction from the sociology of emotions to consider the dark tourism visitor experience as a ritual performance. The thesis proposes that the visitor experience at some dark tourism sites may be usefully analyzed within the frameworks of inquiry proposed by Kastenbaum's (2001) death system concept together with a dynamic theory of emotion and ritual interactions proposed by Durkheim (1995) and Collins (2004). Specifically, this thesis proposes that where visitors have emotional "experiences of involvement" with the death event which is represented at the site, they may focus their attention and emotion on site components to engage in ritual interactions, which produce a momentarily shared new (emotional) reality that, in turn, may generate feelings of "solidarity" and "positive emotional energy" as an outcome of the visitor experience. These new realities and outcomes may serve to mediate the death event for visitors and to strengthen the social order. At present, there is very little theoretical work, and much less empirical research, to support this approach within the existing dark tourism literature. This thesis attempts to address part of the gap in dark tourism knowledge and in the study of this phenomenon by the sociology of death. These theories are considered in the light of research conducted in a single qualitative case study at the 9/11 Memorial site in New York City. Interviews, observations and diarizing were carried out to identify the motivations, interpretations and experiences of 32 visitors, (including guides and volunteers) at the site. Most visitors to the 9/11 Memorial site had prior emotional connections or "experiences of involvement" of some type with the death event. Many visitors expressed that their motivation to visit the site was based on a sense of "obligation" or "duty" and reported interpretations of the visitor experience that are consistent with taking part in what Durkheim described as a piacular rite. Visitors focused their emotions and interacted with components of the site in such a way that four of the critical functions of the death system were identified in operation. Most visitors reported that through their visitor interactions they (a) found the site to be a (sacred) place of actual or symbolic disposition of the dead; (b) received social support or consolidation; (c) interpreted the site in a way that made sense of the death event; and (d) took away from the site some form of moral or social guidance. These interactions were observed to have created a form of collective effervescence that made visitors' feel that they were part of something larger, a feeling that represented a shared new (emotional) reality. In turn, visitors reported that the visitor experience at the site created increased feelings of solidarity and calm or confidence or energy - or what Collins describes as emotional energy - in their personal and collective lives. The thesis concludes that the role of dark tourism as a mediating institution between the living and the death event may sometimes extend beyond the mediation of death anxiety and the purchase of ontological security as proposed by Stone (2012). Through the ritual performance of dark tourism, a mediation of, by and through emotions takes place, the result of which is that the individual and collective self of visitors may be relieved from the negative emotions aroused by the death event and begin to feel a new sense of solidarity and emotional energy. Indeed, the death event itself may be transformed from something evil into something that is sacred; from something that brought death and chaos, into something that strengthens social order.
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Lennon, J. John. "Dark tourism : selective interpretation and development." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547407.
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Cardani, Angela, and Galina Beloborodova. "Glöm charterresor – Dark Tourism invaderar : En studie om dagstidningars och resetidningars diskurser och framställning av fenomenet Dark Tourism." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19642.
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Denna studie har som syfte till att undersöka två dagstidningars och tre resetidningars framställning av Dark Tourism samt ta reda på vilka skillnader och likheter framställningarna har. Målet är även att finna en djupgående uppfattning av Dark Tourism och de olika perspektiven och gemensamma dragen som finns i artiklarna. Det empiriska materialet består av 25 artiklar varav 15 stycken kommer från dagstidningar och 10 stycken kommer ifrån resetidningar. En kritisk diskursanalys har tillämpats som metod i denna studie och resultaten visar att två olika diskurser, varav den ena är melankolisk och den andra är sangvinisk, präglar tidningsgenrerna. Det framgår även att diskurserna som råder i tidningarna kan ha en stor påverkan på människors uppfattning av fenomenet Dark Tourism.This study aims to examine two daily newspapers and three travel magazines’ production of Dark Tourism, and find out what differences and similarities the petitions have. The aim is also to find an in-depth understanding of Dark Tourism and the different perspectives and common features found in the articles. The empirical material consists of 25 articles, of which 15 were from daily newspapers and 10 come from travel magazines. A critical discourse analysis has been applied as a method in this study and the results show that two different discourses, one of which is melancholic and the other is sanguine, characterizes these journal genres. It is also clear that the discourses that prevail in the newspapers can have a big impact on people's perception of the phenomenon of Dark Tourism. Keywords: Dark Tourism, Discourse, Newspaper Articles, Critical Discourse Analysis, Media
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Johnson, Kaci Lynn. "'They Ain't Afraid of no Ghosts': Dark Tourism at Historic Sites." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31796.
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Dark tourism, a subsection of heritage tourism, is growing in popularity and center around historic sites and museums. Those sites are put in the position to take advantage of the surging popularity of dark tourism by offering programming that complements it. Ghost tours, paranormal investigations, and haunted houses have all been utilized by museums and historic sites to boost revenue and attendance numbers. The implementation of dark programming raises difficult discussions on the role of museums in society and the ethics of profiting off of ghosts, spirits, and the paranormal. The decision to produce dark programming as a complement to dark tourism is best decided on a case to case basis, as no two museums or historic sites are the same. But every site that is considering dark programming needs to weigh their mission, ethics, their stakeholders, and the memory and space of their site before coming to a decision.
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Persson, Marcus-Ola. "Förutsättningar för dark tourism i kontinentala Kroatien." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34377.
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Ett land som fortfarande har känner av konsekvenserna av ett krig där turismen var en av de verksamheter som drabbades hårt. Kan de vända krigets negativa konsekvenser till en stark turistverksamhet som bidrar till uppbyggnaden av landet igen? Vilka metoder ska det använda och vart kan de ta inspiration ifrån? Dark tourism är en form av turism som växer sig allt starkare runt om i världen och i Kroatien kan den ha en framtid. Denna studie har undersökt vilka förutsättningarna är för dark tourism på destinationer som drabbats hårt av kriget 1991– 95. Studien fokuserar på fyra destinationer där två är utanför Kroatien och två i kontinentala Kroatien. Det som framgår av resultaten i studien är att destinationerna i Kroatien fortfarande har mycket kvar att arbeta på för att skapa den bästa möjliga förutsättningen för dark tourism i landet.A country that still feels the consequences from a war that crippled the tourism industry. Could they possibly turn the negative consequences to a new and strong tourism industry? What methods are to be used and from where could they take inspiration? Dark tourism is a form of tourism that’s only getting stronger across the world and in Croatia it might have a future. This paper has conducted a study on the conditions for dark tourism in destinations that have been the subject of war 1991-95. The study focuses on four destinations, two of which are outside of Croatia and two that lay within Croatia. The results from the conducted studies indicates that the destinations in Croatia have a lot of work ahead of them to create the best conditions for dark tourism in their country.
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Poade, Donna Maria. "The business of 'dark tourism' : the management of 'dark tourism' visitor sites and attractions, with special reference to innovation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28820.
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This study explores the management of visitor sites and attractions associated with death, disaster and suffering, commonly referred to in the literature as ‘dark tourism’. Although gaining increasing academic attention, the supply-side perspective of dark tourism is poorly understood with scarce empirical evidence relating to management operations and practices. This may be due to management operations and practices that are perceived to conflict with the sensitive themes of visitor sites associated with dark tourism. Particular consideration is given to the management concept of innovation identified as a significant gap for scholarly exploration. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with senior management at 23 sites and attractions across the United Kingdom associated with dark tourism. The findings reveal that, contrary to suggestions that dark tourism sites may be restrictive in management practices, a wide array of innovative activities and marketing practices are widely conducted and innovation was viewed as a stimuli for repeat visitation. Furthermore, management operations are viewed as facilitating important stories of trauma for present and future generations. Omission of these stories would belittle the tragic circumstances in which people associated with the sites had died or suffered. Moreover, managers at dark tourism sites acknowledged the ethical and moral tensions surrounding management practices at dark tourism sites. Indeed, the majority of managers adopted both highly ethical processes resulting in ethical innovations and complex consultation processes in order to mitigate any potential concerns from stakeholders. The ethical stance underpinning operations positions the phenomenon of dark tourism as a subset within the tourism sector, distinct from its counterparts. Recommendations include calls to widen the study to explore visitor perceptions of innovative measures undertaken by managers, and to focus on specific commercial aspects, such as retailing, within the business of dark tourism.
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Grebenar, Alex. "The commodification of 'dark tourism' : conceptualising the visitor experience." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23361/.
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The study of ‘dark tourism’ has gained increasing traction over the past two decades or so. Visits to sites of, or associated with death, disaster, atrocity, or suffering are a pervasive feature within the contemporary tourism landscape. This thesis, therefore, critically examines dark tourism within the modern tourism industry in which ‘dark’ experiences are packaged-up and sold to consumers – a process known as ‘commodification’. As a result, the study appraises the effects commodification has on the visitor experience at sites of dark tourism. Drawing upon a multidisciplinary approach, this thesis examines key relationships between dark tourism supplier and consumer in order to evaluate the visitor experience. This includes the notion of mortality and, in so doing, the research considers how the process of commodification affects encounters with the fragile state and inevitable demise of the human being. Moreover, this relates to the so-called ‘sequestration of death’ whereby death, in modern life, is removed from daily life in order to protect the Self from undue upsetting thoughts. This thesis utilises a phenomenological research philosophy in order to understand the nature of visitor experiences. The study also adopts a supply-demand approach, and so through the instruments of semi-structured interviews and participant questionnaires, appraises the relationship between the provision and consumption of dark tourism experiences. The empirical research investigates two case studies within UK dark tourism: Lancaster Castle and the International Slavery Museum, Liverpool. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the commodification process denotes specific semiotics of a touristic and behavioural nature. In turn, this thesis offers an original blueprint model in which to locate commodification processes, which this study terms the ‘Semiotic Framework of Dark Tourism Experience’. It is concluded that, using supply-side entities such as tour guides, shops, interpretative materials and other such items, suppliers of dark tourism sculpt the experience and direct visitor behaviour, but crucially do not fundamentally change the nature of experience by providing those phenomena. Rather, commodification within dark tourism provides a specific context in which to encounter death, mortality and atrocity within authentic and ontologically secure boundaries.
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Willis, Emma C. R. "Absent others: dark tourism, theatricality, and ethical spectatorship." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7165.
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To call the twentieth century a catastrophic one, is to acknowledge the collapse of humanist values. Events such as the Holocaust, genocides in Rwanda and Cambodia, and numerous other atrocities demonstrated the utter failure of social and political frameworks. The incomprehensible scope of such suffering also profoundly challenged representational practices; as widely cited, Adorno stated that there could be no poetry after Auschwitz (34). Yet, we cannot turn away from such disasters. This thesis is concerned with how theatricality allows us to face such grievous history, and seeks to engage a theatrical analysis to help clarify what is at stake in such spectatorship. In order to examine theatricality as a mode of ethical responsiveness, I offer two contrasting sets of examples: tourist sites and theatrical performances. The sites I consider are examples of 'dark tourism,' destinations that depict death and disaster. I explore how theatricality arises in response to the key challenge that underlies these places, which is how to make past suffering available to the spectator at the same time as acknowledging that such representation is never completely possible. In discussing a series of sites including Rwanda, European concentration camps, museums and memorials in South East Asia and a New Zealand example, it is this tension, and the difficulty of locating and sustaining an ethical performativity that I explore. In contrast with the tourist sites discussed, I consider theatrical examples that have sought to represent the same history. I discuss works such Jerzy Grotowski's Akropolis, Catherine Filloux's play, made in response to the Tuol Sleng Genocidal Museum in Cambodia, Photographs from S21, and Erik Ehn's Maria Kizito, which deals with the first trial of Rwandan genocidaires. Through this interdisciplinary analysis, I ask how theatricality's ability to make available something of the experience of the other might be thought of in ethical terms. I draw on the work of Emmanuel Levinas, particularly his image of the 'face of the other,' in order to consider the relationship between spectator and absent other. I intend to demonstrate that a theatrical analysis helps us to understand such encounters, touristic and theatrical, more clearly.
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Andersson, Josefine, and Julia Benjaminsson. "Dark Tourism -viljan att besöka det mörka och makabra." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24634.
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Dark Tourism är en reseform som länge studerats men som ännu inte har någon enhetlig definition. Begreppet innefattar resor till forna slagfält, mordplatser, kyrkogårdar, platser där kända personer dött, minnesplatser, evenemang och utställningar med reliker och annat återskapande av döden. Då resor till Dark Tourism attraktioner blivit en allt mer populär reseform har vi genom den här studien valt att studera vilka bakomliggande intressen och anledningar som gör att människan väljer att besöka en Dark Tourism attraktion. Underlaget till studien grundar sig på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer som besökt Dark Tourism attraktioner samt två berättelser av våra egna erfarenheter av ett besök vid en attraktion.Studiens resultat visade att det finns olika faktorer som påverkar varför turister reser till en Dark Tourism attraktion. Vi kunde däremot genom studien se att det fanns två faktorer som främst spelade in. Faktorerna var människans vilja och behov av att lära sig nya saker samt viljan och behovet om att få kunskap om sig själv, genom att finna sitt arv.
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Mussie, Ezana. "Dark Matter, White Space." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21571.
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This thesis addresses the ambiguous role of Malmö’s latest megaproject in the context of the city’s racializing urban development trajectory. The project is a public/private congress center, concert hall and hotel complex called Malmö Live. Malmö Live is problematized as the height of spectacle and challenge as it is expected to be the city’s most prominent cultural and social meeting place. The inquiry is directed to how its expectation of relevancy came about and utilizes a Foucauldian inspired genealogical methodology. The result stems from an investigation of the historical, present, local and global conditions that constitutes the expectancy of its relevancy. The investigation notes the divisiveness of tourism and how it affects ways of thinking and doing government on multiple scales, and in particular how it motivates the case in question. The result shows that there are affinities between tourism- during-colonialism and the contemporary tourism industry. Where the former was appropriated by colonialism and overtly racializing, the latter is allowed appropriacy by a currency ascribed to selected geographies and histories. By describing the becoming of this megaproject and the use of tourism knowledge and technology, the how-question about the expectation of Malmö Live’s relevancy leads to a genealogical reconstruction of Malmö Live as a wager on whiteness. The wager on whiteness hold no guarantees, but the power of it is the ability to be persuasive and believed, and the currency it holds for those who perform it. The thesis ends with a discussion on what is at stake with Malmö Live, i.e. Malmö’s whiteness.
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Jarvis, Amelia. "Representations of Solitary Confinement in Four Ontario Penal History Museums." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38682.
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This thesis examines representations of solitary confinement at four penal history museums in the province of Ontario, Canada: the Olde Gaol Museum in Lindsay, the L’Orignal Old Jail in L’Orignal, the Peel Art Gallery Museum and Archives in Brampton, and Kingston Penitentiary in Kingston. Engaging with Brown’s (2009) theory of “penal spectatorship” and Cohen’s (2001) work on states of denial, I investigate how these representations of solitary confinement challenge and/or reinforce the idea that segregation is a necessary practice in operational carceral institutions. I identify three dominant themes. The first theme is who ends up in solitary confinement and why. The museums justify the necessity of solitary confinement by emphasizing its usefulness in neutralizing dangerous and unpredictable prisoners, along with its supposed ability to promote prisoner protection and the management of mental health needs. The second theme pertains to the duration prisoners spend in solitary confinement and the conditions they experience. The museums do not problematize prisoners’ length of stay in solitary confinement, nor the conditions of the cells in which they are held, rather historical penal discourses are used to demonstrate improvements over time, without problematizing its present uses. The third theme arising from my analysis concerns the impacts of solitary confinement on prisoners. The museums emphasize the positive effects that solitary confinement can have on prisoners such as providing the opportunity for contemplation, while information on the negative effects of isolation including exacerbating or triggering mental health issues are largely absent. Taking these findings into consideration, I argue that the penal history museums I examined foster social distance between visitors and those in conflict with the law by legitimating the exclusion of the latter, while reinforcing the idea that solitary confinement is a necessary practice in carceral institutions today.
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Yuill, Stephanie Marie. "Dark tourism: understanding visitor motivation at sites of death and disaster." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/89.
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People are fascinated with death and disaster. One simply has to watch traffic slow to a crawl when passing a car accident to understand this. However, this fascination goes beyond the side of a highway and enters the realm of tourism. Today, numerous sites of death and disaster attract millions of visitors from all around the world: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Anne Frank's House, Graceland, Oklahoma City, Gettysburg, Vimy Ridge, the Somme, Arlington National Cemetery. The list grows each year as exhibited by the recent creation of an apartheid museum in Johannesburg, South Africa. Due to the increasing popularity of this tourism product, a small number of academics have begun studying the phenomenon. Leading the field are Lennon and Foley who labeled it Dark Tourism, Seaton who coined the term Thanatourism, and Rojek who developed the concept of Black Spots. However, despite ongoing study, there has been a paucity in understanding what actually motivates individuals to sites of dark tourism. Yet understanding motivation is imperative, particularly given the subject and sensitivity of these sites. Some are slowly decaying, and visitors play a large role in their preservation. Subsequently, without proper management, visitor influxes can further deteriorate sites or induce friction with the locals. Knowledge then, also provides administrators the necessary tools to properly manage the varying stakeholders. Although many feel an interest in death and disaster simply stems from morbidity, the range of factors involved extend from an interest in history and heritage to education to remembrance. To begin this study, a list of possible motivations was compiled. Then, to get a better comprehension of these motivations, visitors to the Holocaust Museum Houston were surveyed as a case study. As a commodified, synthetic site of death and atrocity, the museum fits the definitions of a dark tourism site as established by lead academics. Therefore, by asking visitors to the museum what motivated them to the site, the results will hopefully give some acumen into the wants and needs of certain stakeholders. Finally, this research sought to discover if motivation at the museum could shed light on motivation to other sites of dark tourism.
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Jonsson, Annika, and Madeleine Johansson. "Att resa i skräckens spår : en studie om fenomenet Dark Tourism." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11078.
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Dark Tourism is a relatively new concept, but as a phenomenon it has existed for centuries in the form of pilgrimages and gladiator games. The term includes visits to places associated with death and disaster, and has in more recent years become a highlighted tourist niche. This paper addresses the phenomenon of Dark Tourism and the reasons behind a visit to such an attraction. To find out the motive behind people's visits, interviews were conducted with respondents who have previously visited one or more Dark Tourism sites. A total of 32 people were interviewed about what influenced them to go to such a macabre place. Observations were also performed on five Dark Tourism attractions, in order to provide a greater understanding for their attractiveness and appeal.In our research we found that, often, a multiple reasons lay behind the choice to visit a Dark Tourism site. Two of the main reasons stated by the respondents for their visits, were history and education, with the motivation that the abovementioned referees wanted to experience and learn about the past simultaneously. We also found that curiosity for attractions characterized as “different”, was a strong motivation for many of our interviewed.Dark Tourism är ett relativt nytt begrepp men fenomenet har existerat i århundraden exempelvis i form av pilgrimsfärder och gladiatorspel. Begreppet innefattar besök till platser som kopplas till död och katastrofer, vilket har blivit en turistnich som uppmärksammats mer under de senaste åren. Denna uppsats tar upp fenomenet Dark Tourism och vilka motiven är till att besöka en sådan attraktion. För att få reda på motivet bakom människors vistelser har intervjuer utförts med respondenter som besökt Dark Tourism områden. Sammanlagt intervjuades 32 personer kring vad som påverkat dem att åka till en sådan makaber plats. Observationer har även utförts på fem Dark Tourism attraktioner för att ge en större förståelse kring deras dragningskrafter. I arbetet fann vi att det ofta fanns flera motiv till ett besök på en Dark Tourism plats. Historia och utbildning var ett av de främsta skälen till besöken då de ville uppleva och få kunskap om det förgångna. Vidare framkom det att nyfikenhet av att besöka en annorlunda attraktion för många utgjorde ett starkt motiv till deras besök.
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Kassouha, Zeid Alkhail. "Le tourisme en Syrie, passé, présent, futur : entre résilience et réinvention." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG1188/document.
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Alors que le conflit en Syrie continue sa course dévastatrice depuis mars 2011, cette recherche s’inscrit dans une démarche prospective visant à envisager le post-conflit. Après une analyse de la situation touristique et politique de la Syrie, avant et pendant le conflit, notre travail aboutit à une série de constats et de prévisions qui permettent de dessiner le contour d’un tourisme post-conflit dans le pays. Pour compléter notre analyse nous avons eu recours au comparatisme avec les cas de la Bosnie-Herzégovine et de la Croatie. Les deux pays ayant connu des conflits dans les années 1990, cette démarche nous a permis d’y observer le contexte post-conflit avec plus de recul. Les questions du devenir du patrimoine existant et de l’émergence d’un « nouveau patrimoine » issu du conflit font partie des sujets auxquels nous nous sommes intéressés ainsi qu’à l’évolution de l’interprétation de ces différents patrimoines au fil du temps (« à chaud »/ « à froid »). Nous nous sommes intéressés en parallèle aux nouvelles formes de tourisme qui pourraient accompagner le retour de la paix, notamment le "dark tourism", caractéristique du contexte post-conflit. Le résultat prend la forme de scenarii décrivant les différents aboutissements possibles du conflit en cours en Syrie et leurs implications respectives sur le futur du tourisme dans le paysWhile the harrowing conflict in Syria has been enduring since March 2011, this research aims nonetheless to foresee the aftermath of the war through a forward-looking approach. After an analysis of the situation in Syria, before and during the war, from a touristic and political point of view, our work results in a series of observations and forecasts that allow us to draw the outlines of a post-conflict tourism in the country. More specifically and in order to complete our analysis, we used a comparative framework to study the examples of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as Croatia. Given that both countries have lived through conflict in the 1990s, this approach enabled us to observe the post-conflict context with a longer lapse of time. The questions related to the future of heritage sites, the emergence of a “new heritage” resulting from the conflict itself, and the changes over time in the interpretation of these different forms of heritage (“hot/cold interpretation”) were among the main issues that we have treated in this dissertation. We also took a major interest in the appearance of new forms of tourism that might accompany the return of peace, especially the “dark tourism”, typical of the post-conflict context. The results are presented in the form of scenarios that describe the different possible outcomes of the current conflict in Syria and their respective implications for the future of tourism in the country
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Wisler, Caroline Michele Wiener Margaret J. "Are we there yet? conceptualizing a lighter destination for dark tourism /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2950.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology." Discipline: Anthropology; Department/School: Anthropology.
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Wright, Daniel. "Residents' perceptions of 'dark' tourism development : the case of L'Aquila, Italy." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11326/.
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Over the last two decades, the concept of dark tourism has attracted ever-increasing attention in both academic and media circles. At the same time, not only has there been an apparent growth in the supply of ‘dark’ tourism sites and attractions, but also such demand for dark tourism experiences is also evidently on the increase. Hence, academic research has and continues to be concerned with both the consumption (demand) and development (supply) of dark tourism sites and experiences, reflected in a now extensive and diverse dark tourism literature. Nevertheless, significant issues with respect to dark tourism remain unresolved, not least the validity of the term itself. That is, dark tourism is considered by some to be a pejorative term, particularly in the context of the tourist experience. However, of greater concern is the lack of attention paid to the role of local communities in dark tourism destinations. In other words, there is limited understanding of how local communities respond to becoming the object of the dark tourist ‘gaze’, and the subsequent implications for the development and management of tourism in ‘dark’ destinations. The purpose of thesis, therefore, is to address the gap in the literature. Based on a case study of L’Aquila, a city in Italy that in 2009 was struck by a powerful and deadly earthquake and that subsequently became (and continues to be) a new dark tourism destination, it sets out to explore how ‘dark’ tourism has evolved and, in particular, the local community’s understanding of and responses to their city becoming a dark tourism destination as a result of the disaster it suffered. More specifically, in order to address these issues, the thesis focuses initially on relevant background theory, including a critical review of both the emergence of the concept of dark tourism and its wider application within the field of tourism studies and contemporary theory of host-tourist perceptions. Subsequently, the formal literature review explores critically contemporary approaches to theorising disasters, the disaster recovery process and disaster tourism, as well as broader theoretical constructs relating to the social construction of reality. Collectively, these inform the construction of two conceptual frameworks which are subsequently applied to guide two stages of empirical enquiry. The research in L’Aquila reveals that, overall there has been a lack of any significant guidance or leadership in tourism development within the city. As a consequence, the city has in effect become an unplanned open museum for tourists, whilst the residents themselves feel betrayed by the authorities for the lack of progress in the redevelopment of their city and feel exploited and or treated with a lack of understanding and respect by tourists who come to gaze on their misfortune. Thus, it is argued that a more recognised and established tourism presence on behalf of the local community might have ensured that the conduct of tourists was effectively controlled and managed, thereby reducing the negative impacts of tourism on the local community. That is, it is suggested that, had the local community been better placed to manage the influx of ‘dark’ tourists into their city, they would have been more accepting of tourism and tourists in the initial stages of tourism development following the disaster. Consequently, through a combination of stakeholder development theory and the empirical data generated by this research, the thesis proposes a ‘Post-disaster tourism development stakeholder model’. Of most significance, however, is the manner in which the city’s social and cultural environment has limited the individual and the collective attitude amongst the local community in L’Aquila towards tourism and tourists; that is, it is identified that L’Aquila’s collective social mentality has been a major barrier to the potential development of tourism since the disaster. With respect to the concept of dark tourism in particular, the research reveals that for, the local community in L’Aquila, tourism since the earthquake is best defined or thought of not as ‘dark tourism’ but as disaster tourism. Indeed, it became evident through the research that the labelling of L’Aquila as ‘dark’ not only stigmatised the location and the victims of the earthquake but, importantly, also influenced the residents’ perceptions of tourists. That is, tourists are seen as ‘dark’ by the local residents, heightening negative feelings towards them and consequently, reinforcing the unwillingness of many members of the community to support or engage in promoting dark tourism. Additionally, the research found that local residents experienced higher levels of negative emotions towards tourists in the initial stages following the disaster. Of significance, is that, over time, the local residents have become more willing to accept tourism and tourists who are engaging with ‘dark’ tourism practices relating to the earthquake that destroyed their city. This temporal element is recognised and proposed in a ‘Host-Reactions to Post-Disaster Tourists / Tourism Model’. This thesis also proposes a more rounded perspective of host-tourist attitudes to dark tourism, focusing on the individual attitude of a local, rather than that of a collective societal position. Overall, then, this research reveals that there are significant and varied implications in the development of dark tourism from the perspective of the local community, not least with respect to the term 'dark tourism' itself. That is, dark tourism is shown to be an inappropriate label to attach to either the destination of tourists who visit, enhancing as it does the negative perceptions towards tourists whilst stigmatising the local community as victims. Thus, use of the term 'dark tourism' may be best restricted to academic contexts. Nevertheless, the attitude or perceptions of the local community to becoming the object of the 'dark' tourist gaze can only be fully comprehended within a wider analysis of the local socio-cultural environment and, in particular, the disaster recovery process. In this case study, the local community's perceptions of tourism are influenced by failures in the disaster recovery process and, hence, the proposed frameworks offer a valid basis for future research in alternative dark or disaster tourism contexts.
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Neyman, Cecilia. "Den mörka turismens geografi: En kartläggning av Sveriges spökvandringar." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172430.
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The aim of this essay is to map, categorize and analyze ghost walks in Swedenduring year 2018-2020. The ghost walks that has been chosen are arranged bycompanies that specializes in ghost walks alone and companies where ghostwalks are one of the products that are offered. To answer the studys purpose andquestions a quantitative method has been used. A chart have been created tocategorize the various ghost walks in Sweden with variables as: Name, year,theme, authenticity and nuance along with three maps. The maps and the chartare the basis of this study created to answer the questions about the diffusion ofghost walks in Sweden, what nuances they have according to Stones (2006) Adark tourism spectrum and the authenticity of the Swedish ghost walks. Theresult is divided into three parts where the questions are answered with the helpof the maps and the chart created for this study. The result of this study revealsthat ghost walks are a relatively wide spread phenomenon in Sweden. 41 ghostwalks were found during this study from the very north of Sweden to the south.At the same time as there are ghost walks in Sweden 70% of them are forentertainment purposes only. This also means that they are on the very brightestpart of the spectrum. 30% were considered to be on the darker part of thespectrum. Along with the mapping and categorizing of the ghost walks togetherwith their nuances the authenticity of the walks were also mapped andcategorized. Based on the results from this study it is clear that ghost walks existin many forms all around Sweden. It is not based on any template which makesthem all unique in their own way. The location of the ghost walk can determinethe theme, but it can just as well not be. This creates a fascinating dark touristphenomenon that can vary in nuances, locations, authenticity and theme.
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Thomas, L. "The killing fields of Cambodia : an investigation into motivations of visitors to dark sites." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17723/.
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A central aim of this study is to establish tourist motivations to visit dark sites such as Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The body of literature that exists around dark tourism published so far agrees there is a general lack of understanding around dark tourism motivations. The research questions set out in this study ask if tourists who visit such sites view themselves as dark tourists, whether time plays a role in their motivations to visit and what factors inspire them to visit such sites. The study also considers sub-conscious, psychological and instinctive drivers that exist which may compel tourists to visit and experience dark sites. The study revealed that tourists who visited Tuol Sleng and/or Choeung Ek did not consider themselves dark tourists, and moreover, did not like to be associated with the terminology. They assumed that to be labelled a dark tourist, their motivations would be inspired by the dark and macabre nature of the sites, or that they would seek enjoyment from their visit. They were keen to stress that this was not the case. They were there to learn and understand what happened and to experience Cambodia properly. Moreover, tourist guidebooks, such as The Lonely Planet heavily advise a visit and act as a powerful driver, as well as trusted word-of-mouth sources. The study also revealed that chronology heightens curiosity and motivation to visit, but does not act as a motivator in its own right - tourists would have visited anyway. A significant finding of this study reveals that human instinct and psychology plays an important role in human fascination with violent death and, therefore, visits to dark sites. We need to learn and understand what happens to either avoid it happening to us, or to learn how to survive should we find ourselves in the same situation. Visiting such sites is part of our psychological make-up and that these drivers exits in all of us to a greater or lesser degree.
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Cason, Giovanna <1994>. "Dark Tourism nei siti patrimonio dell’umanità: quando la tragedia incontra il turismo." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18273.
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Questo progetto di tesi ha come obiettivo quello di analizzare la relazione che intercorre tra il turismo e i siti patrimonio dell’umanità. In particolare, l’attenzione verrà posta sul dark tourism, un tipo di turismo basato sulla visita a luoghi macabri, spesso oscuri, che per le loro storie di sofferenza, crudeltà e orrore sono diventati nel corso degli anni non solo un monito per le generazioni successive, ma anche vere e proprie attrazioni turistiche che ogni anno attraggono milioni di visitatori. A tal proposito, basandosi sulla World Heritage List, verranno pertanto scelti ed analizzati diversi beni che per le loro caratteristiche e peculiarità costituiscono degli esempi di casi studio relativi alla pratica della tipologia di turismo precedentemente descritta. Tra questi vi troviamo ad esempio la Torre di Londra e i campi di concentramento che, seppur concettualmente diversi, rappresentano rispettivamente l’emblema della corona inglese con le sue storie sanguinarie di decapitazioni, sparizioni, morti e del genocidio del popolo ebraico.
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Chabchoub, Hannan, Shadi Said, and Tijana Polugic. "Spöken till salu : En fänglande studie om kommersialiseringen av död och lidande." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24457.
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The aim of this study is to obtain a better understanding of what factors affect the motivation for visiting Dark Tourism sites and the way that these sites are regarded. By providing such an insight this study contributes to a greater understanding of Dark Tourism. In order to find answers to our questions, we interviewed several representatives at different sites and also carried out observations at three Dark Tourism attractions to reach a better understanding of the visors’ motivations for visiting this kind of tourist attractions. In our study we have concluded that people have become increasingly interested in visiting such Dark Tourism sites even though these may seem scary or uncomfortable. Our research has helped us to find answers to the questions that we asked and we have concluded that people have become more curious and want to know more about terrible events and why they took place.
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Nahimana, Francine Mahoro. "The attitude and perception of local and international tourists regarding the protection of the genocide memorial sites in Rwanda." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1577.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech(Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011Rwanda is a low income, landlocked and heavily populated country in Sub-Sahara Africa. Regardless of its majestic landscape, rich history and culture, it is not a country that is recognized as a tourism destination. Instead, Rwanda has become known for the genocide that took place in 1994 when over one million people were killed in within a hundred day period while the rest of the world watched in silence. Since then, Rwanda has been trying to uplift its image and economy. However, unlike other African countries, Rwanda does not have mineral resources and has to focus on improving its tourism to attract more people and thereby more funds into the country. Developing tourism can play a major role in reducing the poverty level, creating employment as well as contributing to the country’s revenue. So far Rwanda has strongly relied on its famous mountain gorillas to attract tourists which can be an expensive exercise for tourists in Rwanda. By creating a more diversified number of attractions, the number of tourists to the country should increase thereby injecting much needed capital into the economy. After the 1994 genocide, Rwanda inherited several genocide sites that have been preserved by government to remind people of the massacre that took place. Even though these sites are not used for tourism gain, they are acquiring popularity as tourists to Rwanda become aware of them and the history applicable thereto. This study has been undertaken to find ways to conserve, protect and market the genocide memorial sites as tourism destinations. It is important that these heritage museums be acknowledged through the World Heritage Organisation as authentic and educational facilities for future generations to enjoy. The research project was conducted in the Kigali and Bugesera areas. A sample of three hundred and sixty (360) questionnaires was given out to participants, and a total of a hundred and fifty-seven (157) were returned, coded and analysed. Data analysis applying descriptive statistics was utilised to acquire the frequencies, which were conveyed in percentages. The study disclosed that generally tourists were impressed by the genocide memorial sites and felt that it would be of great use to protect and market them as tourism assets as they believe that many people will learn from the harsh historical event that took place in Rwanda. This investigative study could strongly benefit Rwanda in planning and deciding on an appropriate tourism marketing strategy for the genocide memorial site. The Rwandan Government, policy makers and tourism stakeholders have a lot to gain by addressing the issues that are slowing down the tourism industry. It is anticipated that when these barriers have been removed, it will add toward sustainable tourism development in Rwanda.
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Stone, Philip R. "Death, dying and dark tourism in contemporary society : a theoretical and empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2010. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1870/.
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Despite increasing academic and media attention paid to dark tourism – the act of travel to sites of death, disaster and the seemingly macabre – understanding of the concept remains limited, particularly from a consumption perspective. That is, the literature focuses primarily on the supply of dark tourism. Less attention, however, has been paid to the consumption of ‘dark’ touristic experiences and the mediation of such experiences in relation to modern-day mortality. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the literature. Drawing upon thanatological discourse – that is, the analysis of society’s perceptions of and reactions to death and dying – the research objective is to explore the potential of dark tourism as a means of contemplating mortality in (Western) societies. In so doing, the thesis appraises dark tourism consumption within society, especially within a context of contemporary perspectives of death and, consequently, offers an integrated theoretical and empirical critical analysis and interpretation of death-related travel. The study adopts a phenomenological approach and a multiple case studies design with integrative and complementary methods of covert participation observation, semi-structure interviews (n = 64) and survey research (n = 419), as well as a focus group and a diarist account. As a result, the thesis explores the fundamental interrelationships between visitors and sites that offer a representation of death. In particular, the research examines these relationships at Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum & Memorial (Oświęcim, Poland), WTC Tribute Visitor Centre at Ground Zero (New York), Body Worlds exhibition at the O2 Arena (London), and the Dungeon visitor attractions (York and London). The research finds that in a contemporary secular age where ordinary and normal death is sequestered behind medical and professional façades, yet abnormal and extraordinary death is recreated for popular consumption, dark tourism plays a mediating role between life and death. Ultimately, therefore, the thesis argues that dark tourism is a (new) mediating institution within secularised death sequestered societies, which not only provides a physical place to link the living with the dead, but also allows the Self to construct contemporary meanings of mortality, and to reflect and contemplate both life and death through consuming the Significant Other Dead.
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Isaksson, Amanda. "Ett världsarv med flera syften : En kvantitativ studie om två populationers relation till Skogskyrkogården." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171713.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate which motives tourists have to visit the Woodland Cemetery in Stockholm, Sweden and which feelings the visit brought. Furthermore, the study aims to find out where the locals in Stockholm think that the acceptable limit goes for tourism at the Woodland Cemetery and what potential conflicts that may occur between the groups. The study is based on a quantitative method with web surveys as an approach. Three surveys were sent to both national and international tourists and to people living in Stockholm. The compilation and presentation of data was made in Microsoft Excel where charts were designed. The results are discussed in relation to previous research, which forms the basis of the questions in the surveys. The result shows that the main motives for tourists to visit the Woodland Cemetery are because it is a beautiful place with beautiful nature, to experience the architecture and because the place has an interesting culture and history. The feelings most tourists felt were respect, a mental calm, humility, spirituality and emotional feelings. From the locals’ perspective, some respondents feel that tourism in the cemetery is acceptable, others do not want tourism at all and some even promote tourism. However, what emerged is that many of the respondents thinks it is about the volume and how things are done. Several people said that the limit goes when there are far too many tourists and when activities and functions are not being done with consideration and respect.
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Wei, Du. "Tourism motivation for visiting dark tourism sites : a case study of the memorial to the victims of the Nanjing massacre." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554310.
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The aim of this thesis is to contribute theoretical development in the field of dark tourism, an academic field that has been introduced to tourism studies in recognition of the increasing human interest in exploring the dark side of our past (Lennon, 2010). To achieve this, an understanding of human motivation is used as the focus of this research. Moreover, this is placed in a non-Western, specifically Chinese, social context, which offers an exciting opportunity to explore both motivational differences and their underlying influences. This research adopts a relativist epistemology that emphasises the diversity of the environment in shaping the ways people know and experience the world. As a result, this research adopts an interdisciplinary approach that demands a unified philosophical basis, which leads to the development of an integrated conceptual framework. Using this conceptual framework, the research carefully mixes both quantitative and qualitative research through " deploying a case study approach focusing on the memorial to the victims of Nanjing Massacre. During the course of a four-month period of fieldwork 795 visitor questionnaires were completed and 50 semi-structured interviews were carried out. The research shows that visiting sites such as the Nanjing Massacre memorial is not driven by voyeurism, as has frequently been speculated, but rather is motivated by a strong desire to rationalise history and to achieve a suitable relationship between the self and the world, especially in the Chinese social context which has been undergoing swift modernisation. Furthermore, this research highlights one of the fundamental differences that characterise the Chinese society - her emphasis on interdependence and relationships whereas the ideas of independence and individuality are valued in the West.
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Furtado, Ana Vanessa Pereira. "Turismo militar no Concelho de Peniche." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/2458.
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Actualmente, o mercado mundial do turismo caracteriza-se pela evolução do turismo de massas generalizado para um tipo de turismo mais individual, mais especializado e exigente. O acesso à realização de viagens e deslocações encontra-se disseminado um pouco por todo o Mundo, e em ritmo de crescimento, pelo que cada vez mais os destinos necessitam apostar na especialização, na qualidade e na diversificação como forma de atrair visitantes. Neste contexto, apresenta-se o turismo de índole militar, enquadrado no turismo cultural, como complemento à oferta turística já existente no concelho de Peniche – numa região caracterizada pela predominância do turismo de sol e mar, urge apostar noutros tipos de turismo complementares que permitam diversificar
a oferta, reduzir a sazonalidade e contribuir para a atracção de mais visitantes e prolongamento das suas estadas, resultando num positivo impacto económico.
O conceito de dark tourism, no qual se enquadra o turismo militar, tem vindo a ser
delineado e estudado ao longo dos últimos anos, e são vários os pontos por todo o
Mundo onde foi implementado nas décadas mais recentes. Trata-se de uma temática relativamente recente em termos de estudos e publicações, mas será provavelmente, e
tal como vários autores defendem, das mais antigas motivações para a prática da
viagem. Este conceito foi aqui aplicado ao concelho de Peniche, nomeadamente, às
estruturas defensivas aí existentes construídas no período pós-Restauração, criando assim uma alternativa cultural à tradicional oferta turística do concelho. O objectivo não foi a criação de um percurso turístico baseado nesta temática, mas sim a aplicação teórica e prática do conceito ao concelho de Peniche – mais do que a delineação do percurso, apontam-se as medidas necessárias para a implementação do turismo militar, de forma a permitir um bom desenvolvimento deste conceito no concelho.Nowadays, the world tourism market shows an evolution of the generalized mass tourism into a more individual type of tourism, more specialized and demanding. The access to travelling is largely spread all around the world, and presently at an increasing rhythm, creating the need for the destinations of investing in specialization, in quality and in diversification as a way to attract visitors. Within this context, the military tourism, integrated in the cultural tourism, is presented as a complement to the touristic offer that already exists in Peniche – in a region characterized by the prevailing sea and sun tourism, it’s important to bet in other complementary kinds of tourism which will allow to diversify the offer, decrease seasonality and attract more visitors and increase their stays, with its positive economic impact. The concept of dark tourism, within which the military tourism is integrated, has been outlined and studied during the last few years, and there are many places around the world where the concept has already been applied in the recent decades. It’s a relatively recent subject, as far as studies and publishing are concerned, but it’s likely to be, as many authors defend, one of the most ancient motivations for travelling. The concept has been here applied to the region of Peniche, namely, to the existing defensive structures that date back to the after-Restauration period (the period after the independence recovering from Spain, in the 1st of December of 1640), creating a cultural alternative to the traditional touristic offer of this region. The aim wasn’t to create a touristic tour based on this thematic, but to apply the concept both in theory and in practice to Peniche – more than creating the touristic tour, here are presented the necessary measures for the performance of the military tourism, allowing the good development of this concept in the region of Peniche.
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Kazalarska, Svetla Iliaeva. "'Dark Tourism': Reducing Dissonance in the Interpretation of Atrocity at Selected Museums in Washington, D.C." Thesis, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, George Washington University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/117.
Full textAbstract:
Degree awarded (2003): MA, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, George Washington UniversityThis thesis focuses on the issue of dissonance in the interpretation of atrocity at museums and other cultural heritage sites. The existing debates in the field are outlined in an extensive literature review encompassing general and specific references. The basic conceptual framework of the dark tourism phenomenon is elaborated through case studies in Washington D.C., illustrating the variety of interpretative dilemmas faced by museum directors and curators. The cases include the permanent exhibition at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Enola Gay exhibition at the National Air and Space Museum, and the National Museum of the American Indian on the Mall. The identified controversies are analyzed, and recommendations for mitigating existing conflicts and suggestions for future research are offered.
Advisory Committee: Prof. Donald E. Hawkins (Chair)
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Kullh, Frida, and Annelie Söderberg. "From Sea, Sun, Sand & Sex To Death, Disaster & Deprivation : - Etiska överväganden vid utformningen av marknadskommunikation för dark tourism företag." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1479.
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Sammanfattning
Rubrik
From Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex to Death, Disaster och Deprivation
-etiska överväganden vid utformningen av marknadskommunikation för dark tourism företag
Problem
Turism är en marknad under kontant utveckling vilket leder till att nya nischer utvecklas inom branschen för att tillfredställa kunders ökade krav. En av dessa underkategorier är dark tourism. Denna företeelse grundar sig i ett intresse att besöka platser som varit med om katastrofer. Att kommersialisera och exploatera död är ett kontroversiellt område och av många anser att denna sorts turism är oetisk. Det gäller för företag som arbetar med dark tourism att utforma marknadskommunikation som inte uppfattas som felaktig i kunders ögon. Tidigare har turism i sin marknadskommunikation fokuserat på vackra bilder och lyckliga människor. Företag som arbetar med dark tourism kan omöjligt följa i dessa fortspår utan måste finna andra vägar för att nå ut till sina kunder på ett effektivt och etiskt sätt.
Vår problemformulering lyder som följer:
Vilka etiska överväganden ställs företag som arbetar med dark tourism inför när de utformar sin marknadskommunikation?
Syfte
Vårt syfte är att identifiera vilken marknadskommunikationskanal som passar dark tourism företag utifrån de etiska aspekterna. Målsättningen i studien är att utveckla en teori om huruvida det är möjligt att behärska ”paradoxen” mellan etik och effektiv marknadskommunikation av dark tourism.
Teori
Teorin i denna studie grundas till största del på forskning inom dark tourism,
segmentering, etik och marknadskommunikation.
Metod
Vi har utfört en kvalitativ studie med fyra företag som arbetar med dark tourism, och utifrån detta studerat vilka etiska aspekter och segment de beaktar vid utformandet av sin marknadskommunikation. Utav dessa intervjuer genomfördes tre på telefon och en personligt.
Resultat
De konstateranden vi kan göra är att företag som arbetar med dark tourism ställs inför sex etiska överväganden vid utformandet av marknadskommunikation. Dessa är tid, geografisk närhet, sociala aspekter, kulturella aspekter, ekonomisk balans och en etisk policy. Det gäller för företag att vara medvetna om dessa samt sina segment för att kunna utforma en effektiv och etisk marknadskomunikation. Om företag som arbetar med dark tourism är medvetna om dessa kan de behrska paradoxen mellan etik och marknadskommunikation inom dark tourism. Genom att ha en insikt i segment samt etiska överväganden får företagen en kunskap om vilka marknadskommunikations kanaler de bör använda för att mest effektivt nå ut till sin marknad. Vi har funnit att de marknadskommunikations kanaler som passar de företag som deltagit i denna studie är media, webbsidor, personliga kontakter, word-of-mouth, e-mail, mässor, viral marketing samt text-meddelanden. Dessa kanaler anser vi är formbara så att det blir möjligt att vara etisk i marknadskommunikationen av dark tourism.
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Ssemakula, Kenneth, and Fredrik Wikman. "Turismens mörka platser : En studie om motiven bakom resan till mörka och tragiska platser." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73547.
Full textAbstract:
Mörk turism är ett växande fenomen som ger turisten möjligheten till mer annorlunda resor, där död, olyckor och det makabra är i fokus. Som dödliga varelser kan man argumentera att det alltid finns ett visst intresse för döden, både sin egen död och andras (Stone 2006). Mörk turism är heller inget nytt fenomen. Stone (2006) konstaterar att man kan dra kopplingar med mörk turism ända till de romerska gladiatorspelen. Ett annat tidigt exempel av mörk turism kan vara offentliga avrättningar under medeltiden. Under åren har fenomenet mörk turism förändrats. Enligt Stone (2006) har mörk turism under det senaste århundradet blivit mer utbrett, Stone (2006) citerar Smith (1998); the largest single category of tourist attraction in the world” när det kommer till platser som har en koppling till mörka och historiska händelser. Det är framför allt platser med koppling till krigsskadade platser. Denna studie syftar till att skapa en förståelse varför individer besöker mörka platser. Respondenternas resmål har i sin tur kopplat samman med deras nationalitet och motiven bakom resan. Denna studie grundar sig på en kvantitativ studie i form av en elektronisk enkät skapad i programmet Survey&Report. Den insamlade enkätdatan har i sin tur analyserats i SPSS för att få en djupare inblick av resultatet. För att besvara vårt syfte och frågeställningar har vi valt att publicera enkäten i två olika Facebook-grupper Dark Tourism Photography & Dark Tourism and Curious Places och i Redditgruppen dark tourism. Enkäten delades även ut till individer som vi ansåg vara lämpliga för studien. Det totala antalet respondenter blev 52. Resultatet av denna studie visar på att de flesta av respondenterna besökte mörka platser med motiven ‘Utbildande syfte’ och ‘Att minnas det förflutna. En central fråga i frågeformuläret var även om respondenten såg något etiskt dilemma med att besöka mörka platser. Här var resultatet relativt tudelat där nästan lika många svarade Ja som Nej.Dark tourism is a growing phenomenon that gives the tourist the opportunity to travels focusing on death, accidents and the macabre are in focus. As mortal beings, one can argue that there is always some interest in death, both our own death and others (Stone 2006). Dark tourism is also not a new phenomenon. Stone (2006) notes dark tourism can be traced back to the Roman gladiator games. Another early example of dark tourism may be public executions during the Middle Ages. Over the years, the phenomenon of dark tourism has changed. According to Stone (2006), dark tourism in the last century has become more widespread, Stone (2006) cites Smith (1998); “the largest single category of tourist attraction in the world”. When it comes to places that have a connection to dark and historical events. It is mainly places with connections to places damaged by war. This study aims to create an understanding why individuals visit dark places. The respondents' destinations, are linked to their nationality and the motives behind the trip. This study is based on a quantitative study in the form of an electronic survey created in the program Survey & Report. The collected survey data has in turn been analysed in SPSS to get a deeper insight into the result. In order to answer our research aim and questions, we have chosen to publish the survey in two different facebook groups Dark Tourism Photography & Dark Tourism and Curious Places and in the Reddit group dark tourism. The survey was also sent out to individuals who we considered being suitable for our research subject 52 respondents participated in the survey. The result of this study shows that most of the respondents visited dark places with the motives ‘Educational purpose’ and ‘To remember the past. A central question in the questionnaire was ‘if the respondent saw some ethical dilemma’ with visiting dark places. Here, the result was relatively divided, where almost as many answered Yes as No.
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Srbová, Pavlína. "Potenciál cestovního ruchu ve městě Forlí (Itálie)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358819.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to confirm or refute hypothesis whether the city of Forlí has potential for tourism development. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the tourism in Italy and the Emilia Romagna region. The second chapter focuses on introdution of the city of Forlí, especially its sights. The third chapter analyses tourism services in Forlí and the last chapter is dedicated to trips that can be realized from Forlí, thanks to its convenient location within the region.
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Bergman, Sofia, and Emma Staaf. "Mörk Turism : När död och lidande blir underhållning." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36018.
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This is a study with the purpose of looking over the pattern of consumption of people visiting tourist attractions associated with war, death and suffering; dark tourism. The demarcation of the work has been to look into attractions inside the Stockholm area which do commercial business with the three aspects of dark tourism. With the help of qualitative and quantitative methods, the authors have collected the material needed for the purpose of the study. These qualitative methods have been interviews with visitors of dark tourism and the commercial business themselves, and with observations on three different attractions in Stockholm. The quantitative method, together with some qualitative aspects, has been a poll, with in-depth questions, to get an understanding of the subject at hand. The places for the observations was Stockholm Ghost Walk, the Vasa museum, and the Army museum. As a result of the study, the authors learned that most visitors didn’t know about dark tourism and that they were, in fact, visiting attractions that was called dark. The phenomena itself was unknown to most of them even though they all had visited at least one place under the dark tourism phenomena.Detta är en undersökning vars syfte är att se över människors konsumtionsmönster på platser associerade med krig, död och lidande; mörk turism. Avgränsningen för arbetet har varit till de attraktioner i Stockholmsområdet som gör kommersiellt nöje av dessa tre aspekter. Med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder har författarna samlat in det material de behöver för arbetets syfte. Dessa har varit kvalitativa intervjuer med besökare och aktörer på den mörka turism-marknaden i Sverige och observationer på tre attraktioner, samt en kvalitativ och kvantitativ enkät som förarbete för att få en förståelse kring ämnet. De platser som observerades var Stockholm Ghost Walk i Gamla Stan, Vasamuseet samt Armémuseet. Resultatet visar att mörk turism inte alltid är uppenbart som fenomen för besökaren, även om det är ett fenomen som ofta besöks.
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Borthwick, Anna. "Sites of Suffering: Dark Tourism and the National Park System; A Case Study of Kalaupapa National Historical Park." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13230.
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This study examines solutions to interpretive challenges at dark tourism sites. The academic field of dark tourism explores travel to and the nature of heritage sites that have gained significance from a past of tragedy and suffering. Due to the sensitive nature of such sites there are a number of inherent interpretive challenges. Through research including interviews and site visits, interpretive methods which effectively confront these inherent challenges are identified. Gaining significance from its past as a place of exile for Hansen's disease (leprosy) patients, Kalaupapa National Historical Park remains the home of about 10 patients. Once there are no longer patients living on the peninsula the responsibility to interpret this story falls to land management agencies. Utilizing the methods identified to confront dark tourism challenges, interpretation at Kalaupapa and other dark tourism sites can be systematically approached to ensure an authentic and respectful interpretive program.
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Leitão, Francisco Afonso de Carvalho Pinheiro. "Paraísos cruzados: itinerários simétricos em Carabane, uma ilha turística no Sul do Senegal." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7552.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Antropologia: Culturas VisuaisEm Carabane, ilha turística da região da Casamansa, no Sul do Senegal, cruzam-se as rotas de turistas, emigrados e expatriados ocidentais locais e ainda as perspectivas de migração para o Ocidente de uma parte da população local. O resultado dessa confluência neste cenário é o ponto de partida para uma maquetagem da heterogeneidade de discursos e práticas que se processam no seio dessa economia negociada de desejos mútuos, profundamente enformada pelas lógicas de sentido contemporâneas.
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Wight, Alexander Craig. "Tracking discourses of occupation and genocide in Lithuanian museums and sites of memory." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3083.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism visits to sites associated to varying degrees with death and dying have for some time inspired academic debate and research into what has come to be popularly described as ‘dark tourism’. Research to date has been based on the mobilisation of various social scientific methodologies to understand issues such as the motivations of visitors to consume dark tourism experiences and visitor interpretations of the various narratives that are part of the consumption experience. This thesis offers an alternative conceptual perspective for carrying out research into museums that represent genocide and occupation by presenting a discourse analysis of five Lithuanian museums which share this overchig theme using Foucault’s concept of ‘discursive formation’ from ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’. A constructivist methodology is therefore applied to locate the rhetorical representations of Lithuanian and Jewish subject positions and to identify the objects of discourse that are produced in five museums that interpret an historical era defined by occupation, the persecution of people and genocide. The discourses and consequent cultural function of these museums is examined and the key finding of the research proposes that they authorise a particular Lithuanian individualism which marginalises the Jewish subject position and its related objects of discourse into abstraction. The thesis suggests that these museums create the possibility to undermine the ontological stability of Holocaust and the Jewish-Lithuanian subject which is produced as an anomalous, ‘non-Lithuanian’ cultural reference point. As with any Foucauldian archaeological research, it cannot be offered as something that is ‘complete’ since it captures only a partial field, or snapshot of knowledge, bound to a specific temporal and spatial context. The discourses that have been identified are perhaps part of a more elusive ‘positivity’ which is salient across a number of cultural and political surfaces which are ripe for a similar analytical approach in future. It is hoped that the study will motivate others to follow a discourse-analytical approach to research in order to further understand the critical role of museums in public culture when it comes to shaping knowledge about ‘inconvenient’ pasts.
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Pirok, Alena R. "The Common Uncanny: Ghostlore and the Creation of Virginia History." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6929.
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Ghost stories have a long and diverse history, they appeared in religious contexts, in secular traditions, in entertainment, and in therapy and healing. Few elements of human culture have been as dynamic as the idea that the dead return to the living world as immaterial beings. Since the late nineteenth century Virginians have used ghost stories to talk about, interpret, and understand the historical significance of place. This dissertation argues that Virginians have used ghost stories to identify and make meaning of historical sites since the turn of the last century. These historical ghost stories sought to highlight the presence of the past, as well as Virginians’ close relationship with long-dead historical figures. Virginias used the ghost stories to argue that the commonwealth’s old structures and cities were especially historical and worthy of restoration. Founders of historical sites in Virginia used ghost stories as a way to offer their guests emotional, intimate, and personal connects to the celebrated past. The stories erased the distance of time, and suggested that past and present people cohabited in specifically defined historical places. Scholars who study historical sites often focus on the transition from volunteer to professional museum and public history workers. They argue that the professionalized workers rejected and silenced the public’s emotional understandings of place-based history, gave rise to more nuanced understandings of the field, and developed rich discussions on the roles that race, class, and gender play at historical sites. In that turn scholars have tended to ignore the publics’ emotional fascinations with historical sites, as seen through ghost stories. This dissertation illustrates that hauntings’ meanings and associations outlasted the professional turn and not helped establish the public’s trust in professional historical institutions, but continue to do so in the present day.
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Iannaggi, Corina M. "Exploring Visitors’ Lived Experiences in Memorial Museums." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1448829436.
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Uziallo, Katherine. "Death Sells: Thanatourism Theming as a Sustainability Strategy at Gotlands Museum." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384490.
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Over the past century the phenomenon of thanatourism, or dark tourism, has become increasingly popular, with tourists now able to encounter death at a wide range of sites across the world. While much scholarship has focused on tourism at sites of disaster and atrocity, less research has taken place into thanatourism in a museum context. This thesis investigates how Gotlands Museum is offering its visitors a dark tourism experience by adopting thanatourism theming in its exhibitions and programmes. It explores the ways the museum presents Gotland’s dark history, asks how and why the museum has adopted thanatourism as a thematisation strategy, and considers whether this strategy is helping the institution achieve future sustainability. This study is based on in-depth interviews with current staff members at the museum, who have been involved with creating exhibitions and presenting programmes related to Gotland’s dark history. Detailed observation of the exhibitions Medieval Gotland and 1361 – The Battle for Gotland, as well as the guided city tour The Bloody Summer, also provide additional data. The study finds that Gotlands Museum has harnessed the ‘purposeful Otherness’ of death through implementing thanatourism theming in both its permanent exhibitions and public programming in order to reach new and wider audiences. It also finds that this is an example of the museum embracing new museology and adopting the customer-centric focus of the tourism industry by presenting thrilling exhibitions and programmes to attract more visitors. The study suggests that by implementing popular thanatourism-themed exhibitions and programmes, Gotlands Museum has been able to be economically, socially and culturally sustainable by attracting visitors, educating diverse groups, telling diverse stories and preserving Gotland’s history for future generations.
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Gerasimova, Darina. "Astro Tourism - A Possible Path to Sustainable Development through Narratives and Stories." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446014.
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This thesis focuses on the use of narratives and how they connect Astro tourism to sustainability. This research is done from the viewpoint of the narrators and uncovers what narratives they have chosen to present to the visitors, their reasons to include those narratives, what messages they want to convey and how that relates to sustainability. This research was conducted in order to explore how narratives can be used together with Astro tourism to sustainably develop peripheral regions. This thesis uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and inquests. The informants are people who conduct narrated Astro tourism tours in different parts of the world. The findings of this thesis are that in Astro tourism narratives can be used to educate, inspire, shape perceptions, raise awareness and develop environmental consciousness in people. The narratives can take part in the place, value and identity creation processes, can provide a sustainable competitive advantage, can link together the visual aspects and reconnect the visitors to nature and the past. These findings can be used in the broader field of science about narratives and storytelling in the experience-based industry. On a more practical side it is recommended to include narratives that communicate ideas about sustainability that the narrators personally feel passionate about, and they should consider what kind of message they want to convey through them and how that will affect the customer’s experience.
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Elliott, Devin Michael. "West Virginia Urban Legends and Their Impact on Cultures Both Local and Abroad." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1621995466903678.
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Zhang, Yachen. "Social Identity and Depersonalization in Dark Tourist Experience." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404459.
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Social identity is part of an individual’s self-concept. A sense of social identity helps meet the demand of people for seeking social identification, alleviate ontological insecurity amongst general public and bring about positive attitudinal and behavioural changes in favour of the corresponding social group. Dark tourism, defined as activities of traveling to places associated with death and tragedy, is a burgeoning and fertile ground to ponder social identities. However, a comprehensive and systemic analysis of how social identities permeate tourist experience is missing. Moreover, empirical research with appropriate theoretical foundations to identify factors contributing to salient social identities is yet to be explored. Drawing upon Multifaceted model of the visitor experience and Self-categorization theory, the current research adopts a socio-psychological approach and aims to address those gaps. This thesis employs three studies reported in three chapters to address three main research questions. In Study 1, the thesis addresses the first research question, i.e., Does social identity exist in the tourist experience at post natural disaster sites? and examines the existence of different social identities in post natural disaster dark tourism context. Study 2 of this thesis approaches the second research question, i.e., How are social identities manifested in the tourist experience at post natural disaster sites? and unpacks visitors’ multi-layered experiences at post natural disaster sites, thereby laying a foundation for exploring the manifestation of social identities. Study 3 expands our understanding of what factors underpin the salience of social identities, answering the third research question, i.e., What triggers the salience of social identities at post natural disaster sites? Data were obtained from four post-disaster sites and semi-structured interviews were conducted in situ, with approximately 200 visitors (n=42 participants in the Beichuan Earthquake Ruins of Sichuan Province, China, n=69 participants in the Quake City (museum) of Christchurch, New Zealand, n=44 participants in Pompeii Excavations of Naples, Italy and n=41 participants in Tangshan Earthquake Memorial Park of Tangshan, China). Thematic and network analysis were performed using NVivo 12 and Gephi 0.9.2 software to depict the category, interaction and direction of themes.
This thesis has four major contributions. First, this research verified the existence of social identity and a full spectrum of salient social identity in post natural disaster dark tourism context, moving from a personal, to an intermediate and a superordinate level of social identity. Second, this research outlined social identities, including human identity, national identity and family identity, interweaving with cognitive, emotional, introspective, sensory and relational experience aspects. Third, this research identified various triggers of multilevel social identity, with cognition of identity attributes and external stimuli as fundamental triggers shared by all three social identities. Finally, a framework, synthesizing all above findings, has been proposed for understanding salient multi-levelled social identities in the post natural disaster dark tourism context. This thesis therefore offers an empirical, timely and pragmatic guideline that can be applied by academics and/or practitioners to further deepen our understanding of social identity phenomenon and enhance the meaning-making work at post natural disaster dark tourism settings.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Kilinskaitė, Renata. "Paveldo pritaikymas tamsiajam turizmui Lietuvoje: Kauno fortų atvejis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120622_110125-48743.
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Šis darbas supažindina su tamsiojo turizmo fenomenu, kuris Lietuvos akademiniame pasaulyje dar nėra nagrinėtas. Darbe pristatoma tamsiojo turizmo samprata ir formų įvairovė, visuomenėje daug diskusijų keliantys šios turizmo krypties etiniai aspektai bei didėjančio populiarumo prielaidos. Taip pat iškeliama tamsiojo paveldo problematika, jį išskiriant kaip tam tikrą disonuojančio paveldo grupę. Darbe įvertinama dabartinė tamsiojo paveldo situacija Lietuvoje, išryškinant tvarkybos problemas ir lyginant tamsiojo paveldo pateikimo turizmui praktikas su teorinėje literatūroje rekomenduojamomis bei kritikuojamomis. Išsamiai analizuojamas gana ryškaus tamsiojo paveldo objekto – Kauno tvirtovės fortų – atvejis, įvertinant šio objekto reikšmę, dabartinę tvarkybą ir tai lemiančias priežastis. Kadangi iš visų devynių išlikusių Kauno tvirtovės fortų turizmui pritaikyti tik du (VII ir IX), kuriuose vystoma muziejinė veikla, įvertinamos tamsiojo paveldo reprezentacijos juose: tiriama šių dviejų Kauno tvirtovės fortų vykdoma veikla ir jos atitikimas užsienio autorių pateiktiems tamsiojo paveldo pritaikymo turizmui principams.The paper introduces the new phenomena of dark tourism that has not ever been analyzed in Lithuanian academic literature. The notion of dark tourism and the variety of its forms is represented. This paper also analyzes the reasons of increasing popularity of dark tourism in postmodern society and the ethical points of dark tourism. This paper concentrates on assessment of Lithuania‘s dark heritage and explains the reasons, why this heritage is in such condition. The main focus is on Kaunas Fortress which is an outstanding example of dark heritage in Lithuania. The representation of dark heritage in Kaunas VII and Kaunas IX museums are compared and also the Lithuanian tourist‘s motivation of visiting the dark sites is analyzed.
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Fröhlig, Florence. "Painful legacy of World War II: Nazi forced enlistment : Alsatian/Mosellan Prisoners of War and the Soviet Prison Camp of Tambov." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för etnologi, religionshistoria och genusvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92759.
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This dissertation concerns the legacy of the Nazi forced enlistment during World War II and focuses more precisely on the case of Alsace/Moselle. Many of these French men, enlisted by force from 1942 in the German army, were sent to the Eastern Front and experienced Soviet prison camps. The aim of this thesis is to examine how knowledge and memories about forced enlistment and Soviet captivity have been remembered, commemorated, communicated and passed on since the Alsatian/Mosellan POWs (Prisoners of War) carried the tokens of enemies or traitors when reintegrating their motherland, France. Four strategies dealing with the experiences of forced enlistment and of internment in Soviet prison camps are examined. I present how the first and most common strategy, i.e. avoidance, is contributing to an individual and collective construction of silence. Then I argue that a second strategy, the constitution of families of remembrance, is helping them to articulate and narrate their experiences (third strategy). The fourth strategy is the organisation of pilgrimages (emic term) to the former prison camp of Tambov, where the majority of the Alsatian/Mosellan POWs were gathered during the war. This last strategy actualises the issue of the transmission of the war experiences given that pilgrimages bring together three to four generations. Through fieldwork observations of the journeys I show how the pilgrims engage with a sense of the past. They remember and reassess the meaning of the past in terms of the social, cultural and political needs of the present. The importance of place and the aspect of self-in-place are thoughtfully analysed in order to highlight the process of passing on the memory of Tambov. I conclude by arguing that the agents of remembrance interviewed for the purpose of this thesis are engaged in turning the tangible and intangible legacies of World War II into heritage. This is done by releasing the legacy of forced enlistment and internment in Soviet prison camp from the private/familial sphere and inscribing it in the public sphere. Yet, the agency of the former POWs and their descendants shows how to let pass a past “that does not want to pass” in a contemporary European context.
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"Dark Tourism." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14888.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Dark Tourism explores the grief borne of losing a connection to the past. As detailed in the prologue poem, "Baucis and Philemon," the speaker's stories in Dark Tourism "have been resistant / to [their] drownings" and that refusal to stay buried has "[sent] ripples in every direction." The voices in Dark Tourism track the trajectory of these ripples by animating the past, especially through the formal work in the partial sonnet crown that acts as centerpiece to the manuscript. The sonic and rhythmic repetitions reinforce an idea central to Dark Tourism as a whole: the things we inherit from the past endure, with or without our permissions, and the speakers seek to interpret this haunting in a way that unifies past and present.Dissertation/Thesis
M.F.A. Creative Writing 2012
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lu, jian-liang, and 陸建良. "A Study on Tourists’ Recreation Experiences in Dark Tourism." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10084771581637334157.
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碩士逢甲大學
景觀與遊憩碩士學位學程
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According to the World Tourism Organization reports that tourism was the largest source of foreign exchange earnings for countries, contributing to almost 8 percent in economic revenues worldwide.Travel to and experience of places associated with death is not a new phenomenon. Moreover, regardless of the increasing attention paid to this special subject area by the media and academic, despite increasing academic attention paid to dark tourism, understanding of the concept remains limited. That is to say, the literature focuses primarily on the motivation and perception of dark tourism; less attention, however, has been paid to the demand for ‘dark’ touristic experiences and revisit intention. This study include acceptable degree of dark tourism, motivation, attitude, recreational experience, and revisit intention , This study also discussed difference between tourist and victim family member. Although , the term ‘dark tourism’ has entered academic discourse and increasing academic attention paid on it, but dark tourism literature and understanding of the concept remains limited. In data analyzies this study use of Exploratory Factor Analysis to find the best combination then to use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis to test the relationship between each essential. At last , this study use of Structural equation modeling to find overall mode and compare two different mode about tourist and victim family member. In this study, the research area is Taipei 228 Memorial Museum, and proceed to questionnaire examine by way of museum visitors, and before each survey examine, we would explain and illustrate topics with oral. There was six parts of the questionnaire, The fisrt five parts of the questionnaire use of Likert’s five-point scale items, and the last part was the basic features for visitors and the travel behavior. As a result, in this study except the attitude, other essential relations are supported and also apply to other two models that victim family member have a great influence on the result, and the reason may be theirs’ different life history. Based on the results of this study new insight was gained into the experiences of visitors to dark tourism sites, which in turn have theoretical and practical implications. The findings suggest that future research can confer with different directions and types, we also hope that theory of dark tourism may be towards including more educational and ethical consideration,also make this concept universally and increase dark tourism attraction.