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Journal articles on the topic 'Darken'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Holmes, David. "Skies darken over drug companies." Lancet 379, no. 9829 (May 2012): 1863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60793-4.

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2

Allawi, Ali A. "Never Darken My Door Again." Index on Censorship 32, no. 3 (July 2003): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220308537246.

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3

Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "And I Darken by Kiersten White." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 69, no. 9 (2016): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2016.0436.

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4

du Plessis, J. "Chapter 5: A Modified Darken Approach." Solid State Phenomena 11 (January 1991): 67–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.11.67.

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5

Danielewski, Marek, and Bartek Wierzba. "Bi-Velocity Method and Linear Nonreversible Thermodynamics, Interdiffusion in R2." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1461.

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Kirkendall and Darken findings of the drift velocity since 1948 have stimulated progress in transport phenomenological models. The convection velocity (the Darken drift in solids), , and velocity of diffusion, , require definition and the method how the diffusion displacement is defined, computed and measured. The equation of volume continuity allowed the extension of the Darken method and avoids the rigid assumption of the constant molar concentration. In this work, we use the bi-velocity approach, i.e., the generalized Darken method, to model interdiffusion in two-dimensional diffusion multiple. We show the convergence of one- and two-dimensional models in the case of the process at the constant volume and perfect agreement between R1 and R2 simulations. We impose modifications in the foundations of mechanics of solids namely, the Navier-Lamé-Fourier equations. We show that the method can be used in the mechano-chemistry of solids and is self-consistent with linear irreversible thermodynamics.
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6

Bożek, B., M. Danielewski, K. Tkacz-Śmiech, and M. Zajusz. "Interdiffusion: compatibility of Darken and Onsager formalisms." Materials Science and Technology 31, no. 13 (June 8, 2015): 1633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284715y.0000000077.

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7

De Masi, A., I. Merola, and E. Presutti. "Reservoirs, Fick law, and the Darken effect." Journal of Mathematical Physics 62, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 073301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0049680.

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8

Marks, Paul. "Subsystem grid attack could darken US west coast." New Scientist 203, no. 2725 (September 2009): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(09)62399-x.

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9

Okino, Takahisa. "Ending of Darken Equation and Intrinsic Diffusion Concept." Journal of Modern Physics 04, no. 11 (2013): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.411180.

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10

Ferrando, R., E. Scalas, and M. Torri. "Projection-operator route to the generalized Darken equation." Physics Letters A 186, no. 5-6 (March 1994): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(94)90704-8.

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11

MOON, MARY ANN. "Port-Wine Stains May Darken Years After Laser Tx." Skin & Allergy News 38, no. 4 (April 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(07)70242-5.

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12

Giles, Jim. "Biosafety trials darken outlook for transgenic crops in Europe." Nature 425, no. 6960 (October 2003): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/425751a.

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13

Guptavanij, Pensri, and Ralph A. Barr. "Failure of Culicine Eggs to Darken in the Field1." Journal of Medical Entomology 22, no. 2 (March 22, 1985): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/22.2.228.

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14

Ženíšek, Jaroslav, Jiří Svoboda, and Franz Dieter Fischer. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Diffusion with Uniform Sinks and Sources for Vacancies." Defect and Diffusion Forum 237-240 (April 2005): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.237-240.1168.

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A new concept of generation and annihilation of vacancies at uniform sinks and sources for vacancies is incorporated into the standard Monte Carlo model for vacancy mediated diffusion. This model enables to treat the vacancy wind as well as the deformation of the specimen and the shift of the Kirkendall plane. The Monte Carlo model is used for the testing of the recent phenomenological theories of diffusion by Darken, Manning and Moleko. The agreement with the self-consistent Moleko theory is excellent. On the other hand the agreement with the classical Darken theory used very often for the explanation of the Kirkendall effect is rather poor.
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15

Vermeulen, Marc, Jana Sanyova, Koen Janssens, Gert Nuyts, Steven De Meyer, and Karolien De Wael. "The darkening of copper- or lead-based pigments explained by a structural modification of natural orpiment: a spectroscopic and electrochemical study." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, no. 7 (2017): 1331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00047b.

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16

Shirani, Babak, and Mladen Eic. "Equilibrium and Kinetics of Methane and Ethane Adsorption in Carbon Molecular Sieve." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0124.

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Abstract The comprehensive study involving uptake and kinetics behaviour of methane and ethane was carried out on a commercial carbon molecular sieve. The gravimetric technique was applied to measure the adsorption isotherms at different temperatures. The kinetic behaviours of methane and ethane were investigated by extracting the uptake data from isotherms at different pressure steps. Considering CMS as a homogenous microporous adsorbent, only two main resistances: surface barrier (at the pore mouth) and diffusion resistance (inside the pores) were considered in analysing the kinetic data. The kinetic analysis showed dominance of surface barrier resistance at all temperatures and pressures investigated in this study. Modified Darken equation was used to calculate the sorbates’ activation energies for adsorption in CMS pores. Compared to Darken equation, the modified Darken model predicted the concentration dependency of the surface rate constants more accurately, especially at higher sorbates’ concentrations. The activation energy of methane and ethane was greater than the heat of adsorption demonstrating a large impedance and barrier at the pore surface to the methane and ethane molecules. The kinetic selectivity of methane over ethane was calculated from the combined surface barrier/diffusion model parametric analysis. The results generally showed a greater selectivity to methane over ethane, i. e., the higher mass transfer rates.
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17

Shimozaki, Toshitada. "Is Darken/Manning equation applicable to diffusion in ordered alloys." Materia Japan 39, no. 6 (2000): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.39.515.

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18

Liu, Xin, Thijs J. H. Vlugt, and André Bardow. "Predictive Darken Equation for Maxwell-Stefan Diffusivities in Multicomponent Mixtures." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 17 (September 7, 2011): 10350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie201008a.

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19

Doughty, Christopher E., Paul Efren Santos-Andrade, Alexander Shenkin, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Lisa P. Bentley, Benjamin Blonder, Sandra Díaz, et al. "Tropical forest leaves may darken in response to climate change." Nature Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 12 (November 19, 2018): 1918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0716-y.

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20

Kirkaldy, J. S. "Clarification and generalization of corrections to the Darken diffusion equations." Scripta Metallurgica 21, no. 1 (January 1987): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(87)90402-9.

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21

Allie-Ebrahim, Tariq, Qingyu Zhu, Pierre Bräuer, Geoff D. Moggridge, and Carmine D'Agostino. "Maxwell–Stefan diffusion coefficient estimation for ternary systems: an ideal ternary alcohol system." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 24 (2017): 16071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp02582c.

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Two forms of the Darken equation for estimating Maxwell–Stefan diffusion in multicomponent systems have been proposed. Their accuracy has been assessed using experimental measurements of self-diffusion coefficients.
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22

Tkacz-Śmiech, Katarzyna, Bogusław Bożek, Lucjan Sapa, and Marek Danielewski. "Viscosity Controlled Interdiffusion in Nitriding." Diffusion Foundations 10 (June 2017): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.10.28.

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This works presents new approach to model formation of expanded austenite (S-phase) during nitriding in plasma conditions. Diffusion saturation of the substrate (iron or austenite steel) is treated as interdiffusion of nitrogen and iron that involves stresses and plastic deformation and is based on the Darken scheme. It is argued that S-phase growing at nitriding behaves as elasto-viscous Maxwell solid. During the process, in the nitride zone, the dynamic pressure appears, which is related to Darken drift and depends on metal viscosity. Basic equations are formulated and discussed. The formula for drift is derived. Exemplary results, i.e. concentration profiles, dynamic pressure and dilatation of the sample during the process, are presented. Concentration profiles confirm existence of characteristic plateau like zone in the surface adjacent zone.
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23

LaCapra, Dominick, and Arno J. Mayer. "Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? The "Final Solution" in History." New German Critique, no. 53 (1991): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/488250.

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24

Mendelsohn, Ezra. "Why did the heavens not darken? The ‘Final Solution’ in history." International Affairs 67, no. 4 (October 1991): 800–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622496.

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25

Grose, Peter, and Arno J. Mayer. "Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? The "Final Solution" in History." Foreign Affairs 68, no. 3 (1989): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044060.

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26

Danielewski, Marek, Renata Bachorczyk Nagy, A. Milewska, and Y. Ugaste. "Diffusion Paths in Ternary Systems – Comparison of Onsager and Darken Models." Defect and Diffusion Forum 194-199 (April 2001): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.194-199.223.

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27

Dinulos, J. G. H. "Port-Wine Stains Darken with Time After Pulsed-Dye Laser Treatment." AAP Grand Rounds 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.17-6-70.

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28

Stone, Robert S. "Time will darken them: caravels and galleons in Zurbarán's Immaculate Conceptions1." Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies 13, no. 1 (April 2007): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14701840701404529.

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29

Santer, Roger D. "Motion dazzle: a locust's eye view." Biology Letters 9, no. 6 (December 23, 2013): 20130811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0811.

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Motion dazzle describes high-contrast patterns (e.g. zigzags on snakes and dazzle paint on World War I ships) that do not conceal an object, but inhibit an observer's perception of its motion. However, there is limited evidence for this phenomenon. Locusts have a pair of descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD) neurons which respond to predator-like looming objects and trigger escape responses. Within the network providing input to a DCMD, separate channels are excited when moving edges cause areas of the visual field to brighten or darken, respectively, and these stimuli interact antagonistically. When a looming square has an upper half and lower half that are both darker than background, it elicits a stronger DCMD response than the upper half does alone. However, when a looming square has a darker-than-background upper half and a brighter-than-background lower half, it elicits a weaker DCMD response than its upper half does alone. This effect allows high-contrast patterns to weaken and delay DCMD response parameters implicated in escape decisions, and is analogous to motion dazzle. However, the motion dazzle effect does not provide the best means of motion camouflage, because uniform bright squares, or low-contrast squares, elicit weaker DCMD responses than high-contrast, half dark, half bright squares.
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30

Li, Xin Yi, Min Lin, Xu Chen, Chi Huang, Yan Xiu Li, and Jiang Yong Wang. "Influence of Bulk Concentration on the Discontinuous Transition in Surface Segregation." Advanced Materials Research 648 (January 2013): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.648.35.

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The discontinuous transition of surface concentration due to the change of bulk concentration in isosteric/isothermal surface segregation has been discussed quantitatively according to the modified Darken model. The criteria for observing the discontinuous transition in surface segregation has been derived on the basis of the Bragg-William expression.
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31

Bachorczyk Nagy, Renata, Marek Danielewski, and Robert Filipek. "Interdiffusion under the Chemical Potential Gradient; Comparison of Onsager and Darken Models." Defect and Diffusion Forum 216-217 (February 2003): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.216-217.141.

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32

Blanco, Carlos. "Approaches based on complexity darken rather than solve the mind-body problem." Thémata Revista de Filosofía, no. 51 (2015): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/themata.2015.i51.21.

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33

Ligon, Russell A. "Defeated chameleons darken dynamically during dyadic disputes to decrease danger from dominants." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 68, no. 6 (April 17, 2014): 1007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1713-z.

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34

YAKUNIN, I. N., and M. R. IANUCHKOV. "INFLUENCE OF SOLAR RADIATION ON THE MICROCLIMATE IN THE CAR INTERIOR IN THE SUMMER." World of transport and technological machines 72, no. 1 (2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-72-1-28-35.

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The value of illumination in the cabin is determined, at which there is a sharp deterioration in the situation in the cabin. The results of the study can be used to determine the optimal darken-ing of windows, the effectiveness of the use of athermal coatings and the operation of the climate plant.
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35

Afikuzzaman, Mohammad, Irina V. Belova, and Graeme E. Murch. "Investigation of Interdiffusion in High Entropy Alloys: Application of the Random Alloy Model." Diffusion Foundations 22 (May 2019): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.22.94.

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High entropy alloys (HEAs) are composed of five or more principal elements with equal (or nearly equal) compositions. In this paper, interdiffusion phenomenon in the HEAs is investigated. Two composition dependent (as well as composition independent) interdiffusion matrices have been used for detailed studying of the diffusion behaviour in CoCrFeMnNi HEAs. These matrices are calculated according to the Darken and Manning formalisms and are used in combination with the explicit finite difference method (EFDM) to obtain interdiffusion profiles. First, the interdiffusion profiles are calculated for the case of the terminal binary diffusion couple. A significant difference in the composition profiles is found between predictions according to the Darken and Manning formalisms. Next, the interdiffusion problem in the 5-component alloy is addressed numerically by considering the interdiffusion coefficients as constant, independent of composition, in CoCrFeMnNi alloys for several diffusion couples (mainly quasi-binary and quasi-ternary). The simulated composition profiles are found to be in a very good agreement with the available experimental results [1, 2]. It should be pointed out that the independence on composition of the interdiffusion matrix should be used for diffusion couples under two conditions: relatively small changes in composition, and the non-zero/non-dilute terminal compositions. The composition dependent interdiffusion matrix should be used in the diffusion couple if the composition differences are large and/or zero/dilute terminal compositions. In this paper, the Darken and Manning formalisms are used for modelling the composition dependent interdiffusion matrices. The purpose of this modelling is to systematically investigate interdiffusion in CoCrFeMnNi alloys in diffusion couples with substantial changes in composition. The main application of the present research is in the prediction of possible interdiffusion profiles in the framework of the random alloy model.
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36

Ślusarczyk, Karol, and Anna Różanska. "An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of oak wood parquets." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6892.

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An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of oak wood parquets. The article analyses the influence of oil coatings on the colour, gloss, and abrasion resistance of parquets made of oak wood. Popular oil coatings of the same brand were compared: two-ingredient oil, single-ingredient oil and wax oil. A comparison of properties of several different kinds of oil manufactured by the same brand reveals that they do have influence on the changes in wood properties, when comparing to wood without finish. Single-ingredient and two-ingredient oil darken the colour, increase in red colour and in yellow colour to a similar extent, while wax oil darkens it and increase the share of red and yellow colour less. As to gloss, there are no statistically significant differences between the influence of the different oils. Twoingredient oil practically does not change resistance to abrasion at all, while single-ingredient oil and wax oil reduce the rate of abrasion, and wax oil reduces abrasion 4 times less efficiently than single-ingredient oil.
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37

Lin, Min, Xu Chen, Xin Yi Li, Chi Huang, Yan Xiu Li, and Jiang Yong Wang. "Local Equilibrium in the Dissolution Kinetics of Ag on Cu(111) Surface." Advanced Materials Research 648 (January 2013): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.648.43.

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The local equilibrium in the kinetic process of dissolution is addressed. The measured dissolution kinetic data of Ag on Cu(111) surface are well fitted by the modified Darken model. Using the obtained fitting parameters, the discontinuous transition of Ag surface concentration against the bulk concentration of the neighboring layers deduced from the local equilibrium model is quantitatively interpreted.
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38

Franklin, Jack. "The Importance of Peer Reviewing." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2000): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2000.18.

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The importance of peer reviewing articles submitted to scientific journals is a subject that conferences and journals regularly revisit. In general such visits are brief. Although a few horror stories abound: ‘competitor holds up acceptance of paper to submit his own and so get priority’ or ‘competitor pours sufficient scorn on a good paper to darken its worth.’
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39

Huddle, Thomas S. "Don't Ban the Sunset in Pharmaceutical Advertising If It Doesn't Darken the Sky." American Journal of Bioethics 13, no. 5 (May 2013): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2013.776141.

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40

Thompson, John J. W., Sophie A. O. Armitage, and Michael T. Siva-Jothy. "Cuticular colour change after imaginal eclosion is time-constrained: blacker beetles darken faster." Physiological Entomology 27, no. 2 (June 2002): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3032.2002.00278.x.

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41

Mae, Yoshiharu. "What the Darken–Gurry Plot Means About the Solubility of Elements in Metals." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 47, no. 12 (September 22, 2016): 6498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3730-1.

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42

Danielewski, Marek. "Entropy Production and Stress–Deformation Effect on Interdiffusion." Defect and Diffusion Forum 323-325 (April 2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.323-325.43.

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A general, consistent with linear irreversible thermodynamics, theory of stress and elastic deformation during interdiffusion is shown. Special consideration is given to the entropy balance and its production rate during diffusion in Cu-Fe-Ni alloys. The entropy produced during diffusion does not depend on the reference frame and is always positive. The paper spans the gap between the Darken method, linear irreversible thermodynamics and treatments by Stephenson and Svoboda.
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43

Paul, T. R., I. V. Belova, E. V. Levchenko, A. V. Evteev, and G. E. Murch. "Determining a Tracer Diffusivity by way of the Darken-Manning Equation for Interdiffusion in Binary Alloy Systems." Diffusion Foundations 4 (July 2015): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.4.25.

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The self-or tracer diffusivity of one component in a binary alloy is often required when there is knowledge of the other component’s self-or tracer diffusivity and the interdiffusivity (and the thermodynamic factor). In the present paper, this problem is addressed for the random alloy model by applying three possible approximations having different levels of accuracy: Darken (low level of accuracy), Manning (medium level of accuracy) and Moleko, Allnatt and Allnatt (MAA) (high level of accuracy). There are unexpectedly large differences between the results of these approximations that sometimes are reflected in the high sensitivity of the vacancy-wind factor to the level of approximation. Generally, for the application of Manning and the MAA approximations, it is found that there is a difference in the number of self-diffusivity roots depending on whether the tracer diffusivity is available for the faster diffuser or for the slower diffuser and depending on how close the composition is to the forbidden (according to Manning’s description) region. Provided that the interdiffusion coefficient (divided by the thermodynamic factor) is greater than the available self-diffusion coefficient multiplied by its complementary composition, the application of the Darken approximation always results in one self-diffusivity root.
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44

GARCÍA-CUADRADO, José A. "El estatuto del entendimiento agente en la obra de san Alberto Magno." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 9 (October 1, 2002): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v9i.9341.

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The Averroistic Monopsychism could not be incorporated to the Christian thought to darken the idea of the immortality of the personal soul. Albert the Great, tries to make a synthesis of the Arab doctrines and the Doctrine of Divine Illumination. The conclusion is a proposal -not systematize- but where it is possible to found the distinction at personal level between intellect agent and possible intellect, in analogous way to the distinction essence/act of being.
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45

Schmitt, Hans A. "Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? The "Final Solution" in History. Arno J. Mayer." Journal of Modern History 63, no. 4 (December 1991): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/244419.

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46

Burns, Stacy. "“Think Your Blackest Thoughts and Darken Them:” Judicial Mediation of Large Money Damage Disputes." Human Studies 24, no. 3 (September 2001): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1017563922116.

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47

Danielewski, Marek, Marek Zajusz, Bogusław Bożek, and Katarzyna Tkacz-Śmiech. "On the Consistency of the Darken Method with the Onsager Representation for Diffusion in Multicomponent Systems." Defect and Diffusion Forum 369 (July 2016): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.369.53.

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A consistency between the Darken method and the Onsager representation for cross diffusion in multicomponent system is shown. The justification is made by defining new sets of forces and fluxes linearly interrelated by a symmetric matrix of phenomenological coefficients. For the first time, the system of the components having various molar volumes is treated in this way. It is shown that the transformation leaves the entropy production unchanged. As an example, the entropy production for interdiffusion in the ternary Co-Fe-Ni diffusion couple is calculated and compared with mixing entropy.
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48

Belova, Irina V., and Graeme E. Murch. "Interdiffusion in Ionic Compounds." Diffusion Foundations 6 (February 2016): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.6.44.

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In this chapter, we review the Nernst-Planck equation describing the cation interdiffusion coefficient, the two tracer cation diffusion coefficients and the thermodynamic factor in ionic compounds and how it is related to the analogous Darken-Manning relationship in binary alloy systems. We make use of the Onsager flux equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to rigorously address the problem. The recently found correction factor to the Nernst-Planck equation is analyzed visually by means of computer simulation
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49

Romanowska, J., B. Wierzba, J. Markowski, M. Zagula-Yavorska, and J. Sieniawski. "The Ni-Al-Hf Multiphase Diffusion." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0100.

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Abstract The generalized Darken method was applied to simulate the diffusion between γ-Ni| γ’-Ni3Al and γ’-Ni3Al|β-NiAl interfaces. The results of calculations were compared with the experimental concentration’s profiles of nickel, aluminum and hafnium in aluminide and hafnium doped aluminide coatings deposited by the CVD and PVD methods on pure nickel. The method deals with the Wagner’s integral diffusion coefficients and thermodynamic data - activities of components. The experimental results agree with the simulated ones.
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50

Zajusz, Marek, Bogdan Bożek, Katarzyna Tkacz-Śmiech, K. Berent, and Marek Danielewski. "Multiphase Ni-Cr-Al Diffusion: Experiment and Simulations." Defect and Diffusion Forum 369 (July 2016): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.369.77.

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Interdiffusion in two-phase Ni-Cr-Al diffusion couple was studied experimentally and simulated numerically. The diffusion multiples were prepared by hot isostatic pressing, HIP and post-annealing at 1200°C. The concentration profiles were measured with wide line EDS technique – a method suitable to study multiphases. Hence the diffusion paths were determined. The experimental profiles and diffusion paths were compared with numerical results simulated with application of the Darken bi-velocity method implemented to describe interdiffusion in a two-phase zone.
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