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Seifert, Amanda J. "Your Darlings." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami147938022131948.
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Burnell, Aaron C. "Nobody's Darlings: Reading White Trash in Supernatural." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1305054871.
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Delage-Toriel, Lara. "Ultraviolet darlings : representations of women in Nabokov's prose fiction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444091.
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Rouse, Elizabeth. "Kill your darlings? Experiencing, maintaining, and changing psychological ownership in creative work." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3239.
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Thesis advisor: Michael G. PrattThe psychology of ownership literature suggests that creation is one of the most powerful processes through which people may come to feel a sense of possession over ideas. Yet, because the task of making a new product is often too large for one individual, ideas are often transferred between, as well as discussed and shaped by, many different people across a range of departments during creative work. Thus, in organizations, shifts in responsibility over ideas are inevitable and the ability for ideas to be shaped by multiple people and successfully move from person to person is critical for organizations. However, we know relatively little about how people, particularly creative workers, respond to changes in responsibility over their ideas. To understand this phenomenon, I conducted an inductive, qualitative study of two teams at a video game design studio, using interviews, weekly diaries, and observations as my data sources. Through grounded theory analysis, I developed theory around how creative workers experience psychological ownership and how this experience is impacted when ideas are handed off between creative workers. Specifically, I describe task characteristics and individuals differences that impact ownership scope (exclusive or shared ownership) and strength. I also delimit outcomes associated with adopting a particular ownership scope for individual creative workers and the collective product. Then, I describe the key psychological conditions that impact how handoffs occur by describing 4 handoff scenarios and the ownership outcomes for both creative workers involved in each scenario. Together these scenarios demonstrate how ownership can be formed, maintained, and changed through social interactions via handoffs. I build on these findings to develop a relational model of ownership which highlights how psychological ownership impacts and is impacted by social interactions and interpersonal relationships. Practically, this research provides insights on how creative workers can experience and manage ownership over ideas in ways that facilitates engagement in creative work, as well as an organization's ability to benefit from the results of creative workers' labor
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management
Discipline: Management and Organization
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Sardinas, Allison E. "Kill Your Darlings: The Afterlives of Pepe The Frog, Sherlock Holmes, and Jim Crow." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3660.
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This thesis works to establish a literary theory and cultural studies as a theoretical lens with which we can view harmful emerging pop culture phenomena like the so-called alt right. The premise is supposed in three parts, with the first being a simple introduction to the Pepe character and how he is grounded in literary studies through a comparison of Sherlock Holmes and his early fandom. The second part is a survey of the legacy of Jim Crow and I present the evidence that Pepe is very much Crow’s spiritual successor in their shared preoccupation with white anxiety. The third is a discussion of language in which I bridge the use of memes as language with how that language effectively communicates. Ultimately, Pepe the Frog is able to tap into the pop culture collective through a democratizing of language facilitated by digital spaces on the internet, and his proliferation is made readily viral by the racist language he speaks through ala Jim Crow era anxieties.
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Curtis, Matthew K. "America's Heroes and Darlings: The Media Portrayal of Male and Female Athletes During the 2014 Sochi Games." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4078.
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It has been well documented that female athletes receive much less media attention than male athletes, with estimates placing coverage of male athletes at 95% of all sport-related media (Coakley, 1986). While not to that extent, studies focusing on media portrayals of Olympic athletes also confirm that the media dedicates the majority of coverage to male athletes (Duncan, 1990; Duncan & Hasbrook, 1988; Hambrick, Simmons, Greenhalgh, & Greenwell, 2010; Higgs, Weiller, & Martin, 2003; Lee, 1992; Kinnick, 1998; Pfister, 1978). Some evidence suggests that media coverage of female athletes and the recognition of their achievements are slowly increasing (Higgs et al., 2003; Kinnick, 1998). While the aforementioned studies show many of the same results, no recent research on the subject was found. The majority of past research has focused on summer Olympians specifically, and no studies were found looking at the past five Olympic Games. This study will add to the literature by providing new data to compare to that of previous studies. The author conducted a content analysis, looking at six online media outlets, and selecting 100 athlete profiles. The profiles were coded for any reference to the physical/emotional or strength/weakness characteristics of the athlete. The author analyzed the data using SPSS. Findings show no statistically significant relationships between gender and athlete characteristics, suggesting noticeable improvements in the quality and quantity of media coverage for female athletes when compared to previous studies.
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Haworth, Catherine Margaret. "Dames, darlings and detectives : women, agency and the soundtrack in RKO Radio Pictures crime films, 1939-1950." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21113/.
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1940s crime and noir films are noted for their frequently subversive portrayal of gendered and sexual identities, and therefore offer a challenge to the most common theorisation of female characters in classical Hollywood cinema as lacking in the agency that is typically granted to male protagonists. This thesis investigates the role of the soundtrack in the construction and containment of female agency in the crime films produced by RKO Radio Pictures between 1939 and 1950. Case studies are grouped thematically around three of the significant and recurring characterisations of women that occur in the crime film: the victim; the investigator, and the femme fatale. The consideration of women in the role of love interest runs throughout the thesis. Music and sound are shown to be crucial elements of the way in which classical Hollywood cinema positions women, the strategies used within these films to create and contain female agency, and the potential for female characters to resist these positionings. The soundtrack facilitates and reinforces shifts between various roles occupied by female characters in relation to issues of crime, criminality, and romance, as well as aiding the creation of tension and Suspense. The contribution of music and sound to the heightened subjectivity and ambiguity that frequently characterises the 1940s crime film is discussed, and examination of this relationship demonstrates a need to extend the dominant critical theorisation of the classical Hollywood score as an authoritative and reliable guide through the narrative. The following films are examined in detail: Stranger on the Third Floor (d. Ingster; c. Webb, 1940) Suspicion (d. Hitchcock; c. Waxman, 1941) The Leopard Man (d. Tourneur; t. Webb, 1943) Experiment Perilous (d. Tourneur; c. Webb, 1944) Two O'Clock Courage (d. Mann; c. Webb, 1945) Deadline at Dawn (d. Clurman; c. Eisler, 1946) Notorious (d. Hitchcock; c. Webb, 1946) The Locket (d. Brahm; c. Webb, 1946) The Spiral Staircase(d. Siodmak; c. Webb, 1946) Out of the Past (d. Tourneur; c. Webb, 1947) A Woman's Secret (d. Ray; c. Hollaender, 1949).
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Leven, Zachary. "The Death of Daniel Darling." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492685045416311.
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Price, Gilbert J. "Pleistocene palaeoecology of the eastern Darling Downs." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16271/.
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Several late Pleistocene fossil localities in the Kings Creek catchment, Darling Downs, southeastern Queensland, Australia, were examined in detail to establish an accurate, dated palaeoecological record for the region, and to test human versus climate change megafauna extinction hypotheses. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS 14C) and U/Th dating confirm that the deposits are late Pleistocene in age, but the dates obtained from the two methods are not in agreement. Fluvial depositional accumulation processes in the catchment reflect both high-energy channel and low-energy episodic overbank deposition. The most striking taphonomic observations for vertebrates in the deposits include: 1) low representation of post-cranial elements; 2) high degree of bone breakage; 3) variable abrasion but most identifiable bone elements with low to moderate degree of abrasion; 4) low rates of bone weathering; 5) low degree of carnivore bone modification; and 6) low degree of articulated or associated specimens. Collectively, those data suggest that the material was transported into the deposit from the surrounding proximal floodplain and that the assemblages reflect hydraulic sorting. A multifaceted palaeoecological investigation revealed significant habitat change between superposed assemblages of site QML796. The basal fossiliferous unit contained species that indicate the presence of a mosaic of habitats including riparian vegetation, vine thickets, scrubland, open and closed woodlands, and open grasslands during the late Pleistocene. Those woody and scrubby habitats contracted over the period of deposition so that by the time of deposition of the youngest horizon, the creek sampled a more open type environment. Sequential faunal horizons show a step-wise decrease in taxonomic diversity that cannot be explained by sampling or taphonomic bias. The decreasing diversity includes loss of some, but not all, megafauna and is consistent with a progressive local loss of megafauna in the catchment over an extended interval of time. Collectively, those data are consistent with a climatic cause of megafauna extinction, and no specific evidence was found to support human involvement in the local extinctions. Better dating of the deposits is critically important, as a secure chronology would have significant implications regarding the continent-wide extinction of the Australian megafauna.
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Schmutz, Christina. "La dimensión crítica del teatro de Roger Bernat, René Pollesch y Christina Schmutz/ Frithwin Wagner-Lippok. Uso de texto y reflexión crítica en la conjunción de teoría y práctica. Una aproximación fenomenológica a Numax-Fagor-Plus, Kill Your Darlings! Streets of Berladelphia y els suplicants//conviure a bcn." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/650283.
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La dimensión crítica del teatro puede verse, de acuerdo con el concepto de lo crítico de Foucault, en su enfrentamiento a los nuevos retos sociales desde una postura de insumisión. Dicho teatro trata de emanciparse de las expectativas externas y hallar autocríticamente normas propias. Puede describírsele a partir de los aspectos de crisis, crítica y diferenciación (de interpretaciones), inherentes al concepto de lo crítico, y opera con la ampliación de espacios de posibilidades. Ante el panorama teórico e histórico de lo crítico en las estéticas teatrales postdramática (Hans-Thies Lehmann) y postespectacular (André Eiermann), el presente trabajo estudia la función escénica del texto. Dicha función se funde dentro del estudio fenomenológico en el concepto de uso de texto, que contiene a partes iguales la generación y la aparición de texto verbal en la realización escénica, y se reconstruye a partir de la experiencia propia de la realización. Al mismo tiempo, el estudio pretende extraer conclusiones de cómo un uso de texto específico despliega una capacidad crítica. Como recurso adicional se empleará la dimensión de distancia/inmersión, cuyo extremo de distancia está conceptualmente relacionado con un postulado básico de la estética postespectacular: la recuperación de una distancia poéticamente eficaz entre escenario y público; en cambio, su extremo de inmersión se sitúa cercano a un postulado central de la estética postdramática: la fusión y desintegración de límites y la comunicación inmediata entre escenario y público. Así pues, cabe preguntarse en qué medida los fenómenos inmersivos y distanciadores estimulan u obstaculizan lo crítico de una realización escénica o si resultan indiferentes o ambiguos en relación a lo crítico.
El trabajo estudia sobre la base de tres paradigmas teatrales seleccionados cómo aparece el texto verbal experimentable en la realización escénica y qué relaciones se generan entre dichos fenómenos y la dimensión crítica de la realización escénica. Las cualidades semánticas de los textos no juegan sino un papel indirecto para el concepto de uso de texto usado aquí. Si bien pueden guardar relación con la aparición del texto, como tal dejan de ser objeto del planteamiento. La definición de uso de texto se limita al texto verbal, entendido como texto formado lingüísticamente en sentido estricto. En cambio, no incluye los signos de lenguaje corporal o el «texto» en el sentido de un concepto semiótico ampliado, en calidad de «textura», de una realización escénica (como en el concepto de «realización escénica como texto»).
Como material de estudio de los planteamientos mencionados sirven los siguientes tres paradigmas: Kill your Darlings! Streets of Berladelphia (2012 René Pollesch), Numax-Fagor-Plus (2013 Roger Bernat) y els suplicants//conviure a bcn (2015 Christina Schmutz y Frithwin Wagner-Lippok).
Dado que la aparición de texto se sitúa en primer plano, la orientación fenomenológica del estudio parece adecuada para poder extraer conclusiones acerca de cómo se experimenta el texto en una realización escénica de teatro. El método fenomenológico trata de prescindir de todo apriorismo y conocimiento previo («reducción fenomenológica»), tal y como se expresa o se supone en contenidos de texto. Bajo uso de texto se entienden los fenómenos de texto verbal experimentables sensorialmente, tal y como aparecen en el momento de la realización escénica y el recuerdo posterior. Las experiencias procedentes de la perspectiva subjetiva se abstraen en el análisis fenomenológico hacia un contexto comunicable que permite unas respuestas supraindividuales al planteamiento.The aesthetical and critical dimension of theatre performance consists in getting involved in a challenge with the surrounding world by not only reproducing its features but developing a critical attitude towards it. Under this assumption, the present study examines the function and use of text in theatrical performances, trying to explore possibilities and implications of the use of text with respect to its critical dimension and against the historical background of criticism in postdramatic (Hans-Thies Lehmann) and postspectacular (André Eiermann) aethetics. The study aims to recognize what kinds of usage or appearance of verbal text may display a critical potential. As an additional investigation device, the dimension distance-immersion will be applied as a sort of investigation tool providing a heuristically promising sensor in analyzing paradigmatic performances, the distance pole of which has a conceptual affinity with one core postulate of postspectacular aesthetics while its immersive pole shows some inclination towards a core feature of postdramatic aesthetics. The question then is if and how immersive and distancing fenomena might promote or inhibit critical aspects of the performance, or if they prove to be indifferent or ambivalent in this respect. The project evaluates three selected performance examples with regard to how verbal text in the performance is used, or comes to the fore, and by which contexts these appearances may be connected to the critical aspect of the performance. Internal text qualities such as its semantic substance, even though bound to the appearance of text, anyway, play but an indirect role in the present concept, being not as such an objective of the research question. The concept of text use is in fact limited to verbal text, that is, to text structures in a narrow linguistic sense. Text concepts in the sense of non-verbal signals, as in body language, or of texture, as in the context of performance as text, are not taken into consideration. René Pollesch’s Kill your Darlings. Streets of Berladelphia, premiered 2012 in Berlin, Roger Bernat’s Numax Fagor Plus, Barcelona 2013, and Christina Schmutz’ and Frithwin Wagner-Lippok’s els suplicants//conviure a bcn, Barcelona 2015, will serve as paradigms. As in this investigation, instead of semantic qualities, the appearance of text in the performance is at stake, a phenomenological approach is taken, which seems particularly suitable for the investigation of the „thing itself“, that is, the experience – not the content – of text in performances, which is naturally connected with its appearance. Trying to refrain from any preceding meaning and knowledge („phenomenological reduction“) that might appear or be inferred from the text’s content, the phenomenological method addresses itself to the text’s immediate experience, that is, to its sensual and physical appearance. Phenomena hereby are all emergences of verbal text, manifesting in one’s own experience in the presence of a performance or reminiscence. Arising from the subjective perspective, this experience is phenomenologically analyzed by help of other contexts and correspondences structurally entangled with it.
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Lindroth, Sarah. "Hur uppstod Darling Sarah!? och betydelsen av omvägar." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för jazz, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-928.
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Azevedo, Junior Gilson Martins de. "Anotação do transcriptoma parcial de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root, 1926." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2102.
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Disease-transmitting insects have been studied to characterize several biological and evolutionary aspects. Whole Genome sequencing has been allowing comparisons between the gene sequences of different species, providing molecular data. The mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae (subfamily Anophelinae), the most important vector of malaria in Africa, whose genome contains 278.253.050 base pairs (bp), Aedes aegypti, transmitter of Dengue, with 1.310.090.344 bp and Culex quinquefasciatus, vector of arbovirus, with 579.042.118 bp, both of (subfamily Culicinae) are cited. In Brazil, the Anopheles darlingi (subfamily Anophelinae) is the most important malaria vector, whose partial EST (Expressed Sequences Tags) libraries of adults and larvae previously obtained were analyzed in this study. Genic sequences of An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were analyzed for the presence of orthologous genes, in these mosquitoes in comparison with An. darling. An. darlingi’s ESTs (568 Unigenes) were virtually mapped in An. gambiae’s chromosomes. After that, differential gene expressions were analyzed, which allowed to statistically quantify the levels of differential expression of each gene, in the transcriptome of An. darlingi. The An. darlingi sequences were mapped according to onthologic terms of Gene Ontology (GO) and the sequences differentially expressed, with good statistical value that indicates the orthology were manually analyzed, according to the literature.The studies showed that 61% of An. darlingi are orthologous in An. gambiae and the in silico chromosomal mapping showed that the An. darling’s 568 Unigenes are represented in 793 chromosomal regions of An. gambiae, corroborating with evolutionary studies that say that the two species are evolutionarily close. An. darlingi sequences mapped in GO were associated with 1249 ontholgy levels and sublevels that describe a gene according to its function and cellular location. Differential expression analysis of some gene products was found more intense in larvae than in An. darlingi adults. Phylogenetic analysis of the An. darlingi glutathione-s-transferase (GST) gene was also done, an insecticide resistance gene which is well conserved, evolutionarily speaking, in An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The Phylogenetic tree grouped An. darlingi and An. gambiae as sister species, because they are more evolutionarily related than Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. In this analyses, the Phlebotomus papatasi was used as an external group, as the root of the tree. The manual annotation of An. darlingi ESTs sequences helped to understand the gene expression and evolutionary aspects of this mosquito related with An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and also provided important data for further studies about individual genes of this malaria-transmitting species in Brazil.
Insetos transmissores de doenças têm sido estudados para caracterização de diversos aspectos biológicos e evolutivos. Sequenciamentos de genomas inteiros têm permitido comparações entre sequências gênicas de espécies diferentes, fornecendo dados moleculares. Citam-se os mosquitos Anopheles gambiae (subfamília Anophelinae), principal vetor da malária na África, cujo genoma contém 278.253.050 pares de bases (pb), o Aedes aegypti, transmissor do Dengue, com 1.310.090.344 pb e Culex quinquefasciatus, vetor de arboviroses, com 579.042.118 pb, ambos da (subfamília Culicinae). No Brasil, o Anopheles darlingi (subfamília Anophelinae) é o principal vetor da malária, cuja bibliotecas de ESTs (Expressed SequenceTags) parcial de adultos e larvas previamente obtidas foram analisadas no presente trabalho. Sequências gênicas de An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti e Cx. quinquefasciatus foram analisadas quanto a presença de genes em comum e genes ortólogos, nesses mosquitos em comparação com An. darlingi. ESTs (568 Unigenes) de An. darlingi foram mapeadas virtualmente em cromossômos de An. gambiae. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises de expressão diferencial gênica, o que permitiu quantificar estatisticamente os níveis de expressão de cada gene, no transcriptoma de An. darlingi. As sequências de An. darlingi foram mapeadas nos termos ontológicos do Gene Ontology (GO) e as sequências diferencialmente expressas, com bons valores estatísticos que indicam ortologia, foram analisadas manualmente, segundo a literatura. Os resultados mostraram que, 61% das sequências de An. darlingi são ortólogas em An. gambiae e o mapeamento cromossômico in silico mostrou que os 568 Unigenes de An. darlingi estão representados em 793 regiões cromossômicas do An. gambiae, corroborando estudos evolutivos de que as duas espécies são próximas evolutivamente. As sequências de An. darlingi analisadas no programa GO foram associadas a 1.249 níveis e subníveis de ontologias que descrevem um gene de acordo com sua função e localização celular. Análises de expressão diferencial de alguns produtos gênicos mostraram-se mais intensas em larvas do que em adultos de An. darlingi. Realizaram-se, ainda, a análise filogenética do gene da Glutationa-S-Transferase (GST) de An. darlingi, um gene de resistência a inseticidas bem conservado em termos evolutivos em An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti e Cx. quinquefasciatus. A árvore filogenética agrupou o gene da GST de An. darlingi com An. gambiae como espécies irmãs, estando estas proximamente relacionadas evolutivamente do que em relação ao Ae. aegypti e Cx. quinquefasciatus. O Phlebotomus papatasi, constou como grupo externo, para enraizamento dessa árvore. A anotação manual de ESTs de An. darlingi auxiliou na compreensão da expressão gênica e aspectos evolutivos desse mosquito em relação ao An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti e Cx. quinquefasciatus, além de fornecer dados importantes para estudos posteriores sobre funções gênicas individuais de An. darlingi transmissor da malária no Brasil.
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Foster-Thorpe, Frances C. "Accountability interactions : mutliple accountabilities in the Murray-Darling basin plan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aac0e39b-f397-4292-baf9-e99c93c98c7d.
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This thesis investigates whether different public accountability forums interact with one another when they oversee the same decision maker. It contributes to the larger study of how decision makers are held to account in constitutional democracies where the simultaneous operation of multiple accountability relationships has become routine. Looking beyond the dominant assumption that multiple forums autonomously assess a decision maker's accountability against different and diverging standards, I aim to understand whether forums can influence the standards against which other forums evaluate the same decision maker. I draw on political and normative understandings of public accountability to answer one central question: do different public accountability forums interact with one another in a way that influences the scope of what a decision maker is obliged to account for and the normative standards against which that account is evaluated? Answering this research question involves examining the mechanisms by which interactions might occur and the motivations of actors to interact. I begin by critically reviewing the literature on multiple accountabilities, arguing that existing approaches can only partially explain how public accountability is constructed in multiple accountability regimes. I argue the focus on typologies of accountability emphasise the attributes of individual forums and overlook the broader dynamics of the accountability regime. I then develop an analytical framework to examine how the interactions between different forums, and other actors, might reshape the accountability dialogue. This framework is used to analyse the case of the Murray-Darling Basin Plan in Australia (2008-2012). By presenting a contextSrich analysis of interactions between forums, and other actors, I find that multiple forums act in concert with one another and other actors to contest and then reshape the standards against which the two decision makers are evaluated. The thesis concludes by discussing the implications of recognising accountability interactions for understanding multiple accountability regimes.
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Dwyer, Brian James, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences, and School of Natural Sciences. "Aspects of governance and public participation in remediation of the Murray-Darling Basin." THESIS_CSHS_NS_Dwyer_B.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/776.
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This thesis addresses the question “What is the essence of the Murray Darling river system conundrum that is usually posed as an issue of environmental remediation?”- following perceptions of problems in catchment strategy formulation regarding project selection and public consultation. The question is initially seen as having four facets – governance, public, participation and remediation. An initial literature review indicated that previous examination of these topics seemed insufficiently radical or comprehensive for the enquiry’s purposes, seeming not to attribute full humanness to members of the public. A fieldwork program of quasi-anthropological nature was conducted. Interpretation of the fieldwork reports focuses primarily on the lack of attribution of full humanness to members of the public. Interpretive techniques including a phenomenological-style process was applied and found that the district houses a number of unrecognised people “nexors’ occupying linking or nexus roles who exercise personal skills and initiatives to underpin effective remediation outcomes. Towards the end of the fieldwork program, further literature indicated that the initial four-facet nature of the enquiry should be reformulated, to include the overall nature of western society as it appears in the district (in place of participation), to reconstitute the concept of remediation more radically. Governance as a topic is broader than the ways in which it appears in the examined district, and suitable hybridizing of competing world view concepts remains unresolved in this thesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Baumgartner, Lee Jason, and n/a. "Effects of weirs on fish movements in the Murray-Darling Basin." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20051129.142046.
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Dams and weirs are widely implicated in large-scale declines in both the range and abundance of aquatic fauna. Although many factors are involved, such declines are commonly attributed to the prevention or reduction of migration, reductions in available habitat, alteration of natural flow regimes and changes to physicochemical characteristics. In Australia, studies into the ecological effects of these impacts are limited, and have concentrated mainly on species of recreational and commercial importance. Subsequently, the adverse effects of dams and weirs, and suitable methods of mitigation, remain largely unknown for many other taxa. Therefore, the major aim of this thesis is to investigate the ecological effects of dam and weir construction on previously unstudied migratory assemblages of fish and macroinvertebrates in the Murray-Darling Basin. It is anticipated that the results of these studies will feed back into improved management strategies that help arrest the previously observed declines of aquatic fauna. Initially, fish communities were sampled, by boat electrofishing, from both reference sites and downstream of Balranald and Redbank weirs on the lower reaches of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia. Sampling was stratified over large spatial and temporal scales to gain a comprehensive understanding of species most affected by the presence of these two barriers. In general, the weirs obstructed fish migrations during summer and autumn and many species of small-bodied fish such as Australian smelt, western carp gudgeon, fly-specked hardyhead and crimson-spotted rainbowfish accumulated downstream of Balranald Weir. In addition, downstream accumulations of juveniles of larger-bodied species such as bony herring, common carp and goldfish were also detected. Although many previous studies had either documented or hypothesised that upstream migrating fish accumulate downstream of migration barriers, none attempted to quantify the size of such populations. Therefore, a simple but efficient method to estimate the size of migratory populations was assessed at the Balranald Weir site. The application of two commonly used estimation techniques yielded relatively reliable results for seven species that accumulated downstream of the weir. Population size estimates were greatest for most species during summer and autumn, where accumulations as high as 800 fish per day were detected. The largest calculated population size estimates, in addition to the
greatest temporal variation, of any individual species was observed in bony herring. Given the simplicity of the technique and the relative accuracy of population estimates, it was concluded that these methods could easily be applied to other weirs where the size of migratory populations is of particular interest. A study investigating the effects of Yanco Weir on the diets of three migratory percichthyid species, Murray cod, trout cod and golden perch was also conducted. Observed spatial variation in a number of trophic processes strongly implicated Yanco Weir as a major contributor to increased competition among percichthyid species on the Murrumbidgee River. The greater relative abundance of percichthyids from downstream samples, combined with increases in dietary overlap and a greater percentage of empty stomachs, also suggested percichthyids may be significantly affecting the relative abundance of potential prey items such as freshwater prawns and Australian smelt. These significant changes in dietary composition were likely related to migratory behaviour, as these species accumulated downstream of the weir, and could be readily expected at other sites where passage is obstructed. It was suggested that the construction of suitable fish passage facilities would effectively reduce the probability of migratory fish accumulating and, subsequently, potential effects of dams and weirs on trophic processes. Since it was established that dams and weirs of the Murrumbidgee River were significantly affecting migratory fish communities, an innovative but relatively inexpensive fishway design, the Deelder fish lock (after Deelder, 1958), was constructed and assessed for wider application throughout the Murray-Darling Basin. The Deelder lock was effective at mitigating the effects of Balranald Weir by providing passage for a wide range of size classes and species of fish; but importantly, the structure enabled the passage of most species previously observed to accumulate downstream of the structure. Most significant was the ability of the fish lock to pass substantial numbers of small-bodied fish, which were previously not considered migratory, suggesting that these species should be considered when developing options to mitigate the effects of other dams and weirs throughout the Murray-Darling Basin. A significant finding of this study was the realisation that substantially more species and size classes of Australian native fish are migratory than previously thought.
Subsequently, it is recommended that, when designing facilities to mitigate the effects of a dam or weir, the structure of the entire migratory community is considered when developing operating parameters. Various options for mitigating the effects of dams and weirs are discussed, but it was concluded that the construction of effective fishways would be the most appropriate means of restoring migration pathways to Australian native fish. A strategic approach for assessing and adaptively mitigating the effects of dams and weirs is presented and discussed.
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Williams, Mark Donald. "Salinity tolerance of small fishes from the Murray-Darling river system /." Title page, contents and conclusions only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbw725.pdf.
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Freise, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Everybody‘s Darling? Zivilgesellschaft zwischen empirischer Faktizität und demokratischer Utopie / Matthias Freise." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153058294/34.
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Oliveira, Caroline Dantas de. "Características biológicas e moleculares na ovogênese de Anopheles darlingi Root (Diptera Culicidae)." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2075.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The mosquito Anopheles darlingi is the main vector of human malaria in Brazil. Nevertheless, little information exists on the gonotrophic cycle of this important vector, whose knowledge is important for an effecient control strategy. Therefore, this work studied the oogenesis in this mosquito species. Molecular, biologic and morphological aspects of oogenesis, before and after the blood meal (BM), were investigated in female A. darlingi collected at the suburb of Manaus and Coari city to study the. Before the BM, ovaries of female A. darlingi are small and contain few lipid vesicles. At this stage the expression of vitellogenin (Vg) gene is absent. After the BM, there were marked internal and external changes in the ovaries due to storage of yolk in the oocytes. Small granules of yolk are already observed at 3h post BM, although the expression of Vg gene was only detected at 6h post BM. The expression of Vg and their storage in the ovaries are more evident after 24 hours of BM, remaining constant between 36 to 48 hours post BM. The final dimensions of the egg are reached at 72 hours post BM when Vg gene expression decreased. Oviposition occurred at 96 hours post BM when the expression of Vg is absent. In the analyses of the frequence of blood meals taken by female A. darlingi, 80% ingested two blood meals within 24h and 75% fed three times in a period of three days, showing the ability of this species to feed more than once during a single gonotrophic cycle. An apparent increase in Vg gene expression was noticed in females taking multiple BMs.
O mosquito Anopheles darlingi é o principal vetor da malária humana no Brasil. Apesar disso, existem poucas informações sobre o ciclo gonotrófico desse importante vetor, cujo conhecimento é importante para uma efeciente estratégia de controle. Por esse motivo, neste trabalho essa espécie é alvo do estudo da ovogênese. Para tanto, fêmeas de A. darlingi foram coletadas na periferia da cidade de Manaus e Coari para estudar os aspectos biológicos, morfológicos e moleculares do processo da ovogênese antes e após o repasto sanguíneo (RS). Antes do repasto sanguíneo os ovários das fêmeas de A. darlingi são pequenos e contêm algumas vesículas de lipídios. Nesta fase o mRNA do gene da vitelogenina (Vg) é ausente. Após o RS, ocorrem acentuadas mudanças internas e externas nos ovários devido à estocagem das vitelinas nos ovócitos. Pequenos grânulos de vitelinas são observados a partir de 3h após o RS, embora a expressão do gene Vg só é detectável a partir de 6h. A expressão e a estocagem da Vg é mais evidente após 24h do RS, mantendo-se constante entre 36h e 48h após o RS. As dimensões definitivas do ovo são alcançadas após 72h do RS quando a expressão do gene Vg diminui. A oviposição ocorreu após 96h do RS quando a expressão de Vg é ausente. Nas análises de múltiplos repastos sanguíneos, 80% das fêmeas de A. darlingi tiveram dois repastos sanguíneos dentro de 24h e 75% delas alimentaram três vezes num período de três dias, mostrando a capacidade dessa espécie de se alimentar por mais de uma vez durante um único ciclo gonotrófico. Nestas fêmeas foi verificado um aumento aparente na expressão do gene Vg de acordo com um número maior de alimentações sanguíneas.
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Lima, Melina Aulino Campos [UNESP]. "Heterogeneidade genética de Anopheles darlingi e suas implicações para epidemiologia da malária." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141931.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Degradação florestal, alterações ambientais antropogênicas e mudanças climáticas são fatores que podem modificar a dinâmica populacional de anofelinos. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dar- lingi é o principal vetor de malária no Brasil e em outros países na América do Sul. Estudos observaram o aumento da abundância do vetor An. darlingi e número de casos de malária após desflorestação e demais modificações ambientais antropogênicas. Além de ter ampla distribuição geográfica, essa espécie possui plasticidade comportamental e diversidade morfo- lógica, biológica e genética. Tendo em vista essa heterogeneidade, o presente estudo avaliou a diversidade genética populacional em An. darlingi ligada a distribuição geográfica, dinâmica sazonal e comportamento hematofágico, através de marcadores microssatélites e SNPs. Espé- cimes de An. darlingi foram coletados em dois assentamentos rurais próximos e, em uma área urbana à aproximadamente 600 km de distância. Além disso, as coletas foram realizadas no primeiro e segundo semestre e, dentro e fora das casas, durante o período de atividade hema- tofágica do vetor, ou seja, das 18-6 horas. Os resultados apresentaram subpopulações de An. darlingi em aspecto geográfico, em escalas macro e microgeográficas, acessadas com mais pro- fundidade com os dados dos SNPs. Além disso, o estudo corroborou o prévio achado de duas subpopulações de An. darlingi relacionadas ao regime de chuvas. Por fim, pela primeira vez, a heterogeneidade genética em populações simpátricas desse vetor foi encontrada e relacionada com o fenótipo de comportamento hematofágico, endo e exofagia. Esses achados demonstram a importância do entendimento e vigilância entomológica, pois possuem potencial impacto na transmissão de malária. Dado que cada localidade possui características ambientais peculia- res e portanto, diferentes composições populacionais dos vetores, intervenções específicas em menor escala passam a ser abordagens interessantes no controle da malária.
Forest degradation, human environmental alteration and climate changes are all influence anopheline populations. Anopheles darlingi is the main vector of malaria parasite in Brazil and other countries of South America. Deforestation and others anthropogenic activities have been accompanied by sharp increases in both abundance of the primary malaria vector Anopheles darlingi and numbers of malaria cases. Besides it is widely distributed, this species display great behavioral plasticity and morphological, biological and genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to analyze population genetic diversity of An. darlingi related to geographical distribution, seasonal dynamics and hematophagic behavior, using microsatellites and SNPs markers. An. darlingi specimens were collected in two close rural settlements and in an urban area about 600 km away. In addition, collections were performed in both semesters of the year and, indoor and outdoor during the biting activity period of the vector, i.e., 6pm-6am. The results showed subpopulations of An. darlingi related to geographical aspect, in a macro and micro geographic scales, better accessed with SNPs dataset. Moreover, this study corroborated with a previous finding showing two subpopulations of An. darlingi related to rainfall. Finally, for the first time, genetic heterogeneity was found in sympatric populations of this vector, and it was associated with a phenotype of hematophagic behavior, endo and exophagy. These outcomes demonstrate that genetic heterogeneity may represent an important vector phenotypic variation with potentially highly significant consequences for malaria transmission. Since each site has unique environmental characteristics and therefore, different population compositions of vectors, specific interventions on a smaller scale become interesting approaches for optimal targeted malaria transmission interventions.
CAPES: BEX 9230/12-2
FAPESP: 2014/09461-3
FAPESP: 2012/04881-9
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Lima, Melina Aulino Campos. "Heterogeneidade genética de Anopheles darlingi e suas implicações para epidemiologia da malária." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141931.
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Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Martins RibollaResumo: Degradação florestal, alterações ambientais antropogênicas e mudanças climáticas são fatores que podem modificar a dinâmica populacional de anofelinos. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dar- lingi é o principal vetor de malária no Brasil e em outros países na América do Sul. Estudos observaram o aumento da abundância do vetor An. darlingi e número de casos de malária após desflorestação e demais modificações ambientais antropogênicas. Além de ter ampla distribuição geográfica, essa espécie possui plasticidade comportamental e diversidade morfo- lógica, biológica e genética. Tendo em vista essa heterogeneidade, o presente estudo avaliou a diversidade genética populacional em An. darlingi ligada a distribuição geográfica, dinâmica sazonal e comportamento hematofágico, através de marcadores microssatélites e SNPs. Espé- cimes de An. darlingi foram coletados em dois assentamentos rurais próximos e, em uma área urbana à aproximadamente 600 km de distância. Além disso, as coletas foram realizadas no primeiro e segundo semestre e, dentro e fora das casas, durante o período de atividade hema- tofágica do vetor, ou seja, das 18-6 horas. Os resultados apresentaram subpopulações de An. darlingi em aspecto geográfico, em escalas macro e microgeográficas, acessadas com mais pro- fundidade com os dados dos SNPs. Além disso, o estudo corroborou o prévio achado de duas subpopulações de An. darlingi relacionadas ao regime de chuvas. Por fim, pela primeira vez, a heterogeneidade genética em populações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Forest degradation, human environmental alteration and climate changes are all influence anopheline populations. Anopheles darlingi is the main vector of malaria parasite in Brazil and other countries of South America. Deforestation and others anthropogenic activities have been accompanied by sharp increases in both abundance of the primary malaria vector Anopheles darlingi and numbers of malaria cases. Besides it is widely distributed, this species display great behavioral plasticity and morphological, biological and genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to analyze population genetic diversity of An. darlingi related to geographical distribution, seasonal dynamics and hematophagic behavior, using microsatellites and SNPs markers. An. darlingi specimens were collected in two close rural settlements and in an urban area about 600 km away. In addition, collections were performed in both semesters of the year and, indoor and outdoor during the biting activity period of the vector, i.e., 6pm-6am. The results showed subpopulations of An. darlingi related to geographical aspect, in a macro and micro geographic scales, better accessed with SNPs dataset. Moreover, this study corroborated with a previous finding showing two subpopulations of An. darlingi related to rainfall. Finally, for the first time, genetic heterogeneity was found in sympatric populations of this vector, and it was associated with a phenotype of hematophagic behavior, endo and exophagy. These outcomes demon... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Mucci, Luis Filipe. "Ecologia de Anopheles darlingi Root (1926) no reservatório de Porto Primavera, Estados de São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-12082008-085501/.
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Problemas de saúde pública advindos da proliferação de vetores de agentes patogênicos são frequentemente relatados após a construção de grandes barragens nas regiões tropicais. Porto Primavera é um dos últimos grandes projetos hidrelétricos implementados no Brasil, abrangendo uma faixa de cerca 200 km do Rio Paraná, entre os Estados de São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul. Resultados preliminares de projetos de pesquisa desenvolvidos na região desde 1997 apontam para um aumento na densidade de Anopheles darlingi, coincidindo com uma intensificação dos fluxos e atividades humanas na área, como turismo, pesca e transporte. Diante disso, a preocupação com a ocorrência de surtos de malária nas localidades à margem do lago motivou a busca de um maior conhecimento sobre as populações destes vetores. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a associação entre a abundância das formas imaturas e adultas de An. darlingi com variáveis do microhabitat e da ecologia da paisagem (respectivamente), após a formação do reservatório. Em relação ao microhabitat, foram selecionados o pH, condutividade, o sombreamento, a presença de cianofíceas filamentosas, detritos flutuantes, matéria orgânica galhos ou raízes e a composição das assembléias de macrófitas aquáticas. Quanto à ecologia da paisagem, foram analisados o comprimento da borda abrigo-criadouro e o tamanho das áreas dos habitats através das técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e SIG. Para a verificação de associações entre variáveis do microhabitat e imaturos de An. darlingi foi empregada a análise de correspondência canônica e para as métricas da paisagem e formas adultas, a regressão linear simples. As formas imaturas de An. darlingi apresentaram associação positiva com todas as variáveis do microhabitat, exceto com a abundância de cianofíceas filamentosas. As associações mais fortes se deram na seguinte ordem: abundância de Wolffia sp. e profundidade no primeiro eixo canônico e presença de material flutuante tipo II, pH e grupo de macrófitas e componentes da superfície no segundo eixo. Foi encontrada associação positiva entre abundância de espécimes adultos de An. darlingi e o comprimento da borda fragmento florestal-coleção hídrica, mas não em relação às áreas dos fragmentos florestais. De acordo com estes resultados, novos referenciais teóricos podem ser aplicados no mapeamento do risco da transmissão da malária em escala regional e na vigilância e controle entomológicos em nível local.Public Health problems raised up from vector-borne diseases proliferation are frequently related after the construction of big dams in tropical regions. Porto Primavera is one of these greats hydroeletric projects stabilished recently in Brazil, occuping aproximately 200 km of Paraná river between São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul States. Preliminary results on developping investigations up to 1997 showed an Anopheles darlingi increase simultaneously the intensification of human moviment and activities in region, such as turism, fishing and transport. In face to the worry about the possibility of occurrence of malaria outbreaks in localities around the Lake raised the motivation to investigate a better knowledge about the populations of this vectors. In general, the objective was to investigate the association between the abundances of immatures and adult forms of Anopheles darlingi with microhabitat variables and landscape ecology respectively, after filling the reservoir. In relation to microhabitat variables was selected: pH, condutivity, shadow, deep, presence of filamentous cianoficeas, floating debris, and composition of aquatic macrophytes. In relation to landscape ecology it was analysed the perimeter of the florested shelters and breeding sites-edge and the area of florestal fragments, based on remote sensing and GIS technologies. Cannonical Correspondance analysis was the method to verify the association between microhabitat variables and immatures abundance. A large distribution of An. darlingi was noted because was find in all surveyed locations. Immature forms it was be positively associated with all microhabitat variables except filamentous cianoficea. The strongly association were in order: Wolffia sp. and deep to the first cannonical axis and floating debris of Type II, pH and macrophytes groups and surface components for the second. The Simple Linear Regression was the method to verify associations between landscape ecology variables and adult forms was find positive association between the abundance of An. darlingi and the perimeter of the florested shelters and breeding sites-edge, but not to the area of florestal fragments. According to this results, new theoretical knowledges are able to apply in the risk maps elaboration for malaria transmission in regional scale and to enthomological vigilance and control in local scale.
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Ferreira, Fabiana Angélica Santos Rodrigues. "INCIDÊNCIA DE MALÁRIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARIPUANÃ E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM A OCORRÊNCIA DE VETORES NAS ÁREAS DA USINA HIDRELÉTRICA DARDANELOS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2971.
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Previous issue date: 2013-11-25Os empreendimentos hidrelétricos podem causar impactos ambientais os quais trazem como consequência a alteração da dinâmica populacional de vários insetos, dentre eles mosquitos do gênero Anopheles, amplamente conhecidos por serem vetores de malária. O estudo teve por objetivo realizar um diagnóstico sobre o comportamento da incidência de malária no município de Aripuanã, Mato Grosso, onde está localizada a Usina Hidrelétrica Dardanelos, e verificar a relação entre os casos de notificação compulsória frente aos dados primários obtidos nas etapas de campo. As coletas dos Anopheles ocorreram trimestralmente, ao longo do ano de 2012, através de metodologias como as Armadilhas Luminosas do Tipo CDC e Tubo de Sucção com Isca Humana. Além das coletas de dados primários, foram consultados casos de notificação compulsória de malária na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Aripuanã, Mato Grosso, Setor de Vigilância em Epidemiologia. As análises dos resultados foram feitas por meio de testes estatísticos, a saber: Teste T de Student, Qui-Quadrado e Análise de Variância (ANOVA). O Teste T foi utilizado para comparar a diferença no número de casos de malária antes e depois da construção da usina como também para comparar a abundância de anofelinos coletados nas diferentes técnicas empregadas. O Qui-Quadrado foi empregado para verificar se houve diferença entre a abundância de indivíduos coletados nas diferentes estações climáticas. Já a ANOVA foi utilizada para saber se houve alteração nas coletas dos anofelinos nos ambientes apresentados nas áreas de influência da UHE Dardanelos. Para todas as análises foi adotado um nível de significância de 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que Aripuanã possui casos de malária que foram reduzidos nos anos referentes à construção da usina. O ano de 2012 apresentou 113 casos, sendo o mês de janeiro referente às chuvas, com maior representatividade. No referido mês não foi catalogado nenhum anofelino nas áreas da usina, uma vez que as chuvas dificultaram o trabalho da amostragem das armadilhas. Todos os resultados abordados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa para os testes realizados. Portanto, foi possível verificar que ocorre transmissão de malária em Aripuanã e que na região da usina possui o vetor Anopheles darlingi que está relacionado a transmissão da enfermidade.
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Bridi, Letícia Cegatti. "Mapeamento físico de genes expressos de resposta imune e sensorial de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) Darlingi, vetor da malária neotropical." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016. http://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2242.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM
Malaria in Brazil occurs especially in the Amazon (99% of cases), where environmental conditions are favorable for the proliferation of the etiologic and their mosquito vectors agents, whose main transmitter is the Anopheles darlingi. Environmental factors and human activities are some of the main aspects that contribute to the adaptive and evolutionary process that anopheles, which can be reflected in chromosomal rearrangements. We carried out the physical chromosome mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of inume response genes in the genome of A. darlingi, GNBP (Gran-negative binding protein), Toll-interacting protein (Toll), defensin, Chymotrypsin-like serine protease (AdChyL), 28S ribosomal protein S7- mitochondrial precursor (RpS7), gambicin anti-microbial peptide (gambicin) and also the gene sensory response: OBP (odorant binding protein) to assist in more precise assembly of its structural genomics. These genes have been mapped in single chromosomal regions, with the exception of RpS7, which mapped in more than one location. Other genes have been mapped in inversion regions: GNBP (inversion 2 Rd); AdChyL in the region 38D (inversion 3Lb) and RpS7 in 22C region (inversion 2Lb). The OBP gene mapped the X chromosome from five locations individuals, where only A. darlingi of São Gabriel da Cachoeira/AM (SGC/AM) OBP gene marked the region 3A compared to four locations Coari/AM, Manaus/AM, Barra do Bugres/MT and Macapá/AP, where the probe mapped the region 4A. Two new investments were described for A. darlingi and one on chromosome X (Xb) in the population of SGC/AM and another in the arm 2L (2LC), population Bugres/MT. Geographical distances and ecoregions (geographical barriers) are environmental factors that can favor the appearance of the two new inversions described in this work. In the phylogenetic analysis of GNBP genes Toll, defensin, RpS7 and gambicin, we obtained three clades for GNBP and most of the analyzed sequence was homologous to the subfamily B, including GNBP Anopheles gambiae (87%), suggesting that GNBP A . darlingi belongs to the subfamily B. Phylogenetic trees for RpS7 genes, gambicin, defensin and Toll showed a high degree of conservation between these genes in A. gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. Immune response genes of A. darlingi and Anopheles albimanus are phylogenetically close but not always a reliable support. This may suggest some level of evolutionary conservation of the genes of the immune response of both species. The genes mapped in situ were considered cytogenetic useful markers for chromosomal variability studies and developments in A. darlingi as they are conserved genes, and assist in the improvement of sequence analyzes not finalized the assembly and annotation of the genome of A. darlingi.
A malária no Brasil ocorre especialmente na Amazônia (99% dos casos), onde as condições ambientais são favoráveis para a proliferação dos agentes etiológicos e de seus mosquitos vetores, cujo principal transmissor é o Anopheles darlingi. Fatores ambientais e atividades antrópicas são alguns dos principais aspectos que contribuem para o processo adaptativo e evolutivo desse anofelino, o que pode ser refletido em rearranjos cromossômicos. Neste trabalho, realizamos o mapeamento físico cromossômico por hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) dos genes de resposta inume do genoma de A. darlingi, GNBP (Gran-negative binding protein), Toll-interacting protein (Toll), defensina, Chymotrypsin-like serine protease (AdChyL), 28S ribosomal protein S7- mitochondrial precursor (RpS7), gambicin anti-microbial peptide (gambicina) e ainda, o gene de resposta sensorial: OBP (odorant binding protein), para auxiliar na montagem mais precisa do seu genoma estrutural. Esses genes foram mapeados em regiões cromossômicas únicas, com exceção do RpS7 que mapeou em mais de um local. Outros genes foram mapeados em regiões de inversão: GNBP (inversão 2Rd); AdChyL, na região 38D (inversão 3Lb) e RpS7, na região 22C (inversão 2Lb). O gene OBP mapeou o cromossomo X de indivíduos de cinco localidades, onde apenas A. darlingi de São Gabriel da Cachoeira/AM (SGC/AM) o gene OBP marcou na região 3A em comparação com as quatro localidades Coari/AM, Manaus/AM, Barra do Bugres/MT e Macapá/AP, onde a sonda mapeou a região 4A. Duas novas inversões foram descritas, para A. darlingi sendo uma no cromossomo X (Xb) na população de SGC/AM e outra no braço 2L (2Lc), população de Barra do Bugres/MT. Distâncias geográficas e ecoregiões (barreiras geográficas) são fatores ambientais que podem favorecer o aparecimento das duas novas inversões descritas nesse trabalho. Na análise filogenética dos genes GNBP, Toll, defensina, RpS7 e gambicina, obtivemos três clados para GNBP e a maioria das sequências analisadas foi homóloga com a da subfamília B, incluindo GNBP de Anopheles gambiae (87%), sugerindo, que GNBP de A. darlingi pertence à subfamília B. As árvores filogenéticas para os genes RpS7, gambicina, defensina e Toll mostraram um alto grau de conservação entre esses genes em A. gambiae e Anopheles arabiensis. Os genes de resposta imune de A. darlingi e Anopheles albimanus são filogeneticamente próximos, mas nem sempre com um suporte confiável. Isso pode sugerir algum nível de conservação evolutiva entre os genes de resposta imune de ambas as espécies. Os genes mapeados in situ foram considerados marcadores citogenéticos úteis aos estudos de variabilidade cromossômica e evolução em A. darlingi já que são genes conservados, além de auxiliar no aprimoramento das análises de sequências não finalizadas na montagem e anotação do genoma de A. darlingi.
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Langenhoven, Magdalena C. (Magdalena Cornelia). "'n Intervensieprogram vir bevordering van inkomstegenerering in 'n landelike gemeenskapsentrum." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16377.
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Thesis (MVerbruikerswet)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rural areas in South Africa experience extreme levels of unemployment, and therefore are in dire need for skills training. In some rural areas this training takes place in community centres. Participants are empowered to generate an income. The activities mostly take place in a group context. In such a community centre a lack of the presentation of structured skills training programmes was identified. The aim of the study is to develop a skills training programme to help rural people in starting an income-generating project in a group context by means of intervention. In the literature study the concept of community centres was discussed. The basic human needs and the needs for training were related to the concept of group work. Programme development for adult education, income-generation and interventions were described in detail. The development of creativity, empowerment, capacity building and sustainable development were briefly discussed as potential outcomes of skills training programmes for the generation of income. For the purpose of this study a case study was undertaken of existing needlework groups in the Darling Focus Community Centre. A study group of 15 members was identified. The duration of the study group's involvement in needlework training was determined. The need for skills training workshops and the study group's interest in group work were established. Although the activities of the study group take place in group context, very little evidence exist of co-operation towards the objective of income generation. A major shortcoming is the failure to pinpoint objectives in the group. Darling is a rural tourist attraction with a target market for the sale of handcrafted products. For this purpose the crafted products need to adhere to certain criteria. Despite the opportunity to market products to tourists, only the local market is being targeted. The requirements of these clients are not considered a priority in the manufacturing of products. Therefore the study group was considered a suitable case study in this research. An intervention programme was compiled and implemented in group context for the training of skills in the manufacturing, marketing and selling of products. Surveys were done by self-administered questionnaires and unstructured interviews were conducted with important role players. Workshops were presented where skills application was monitored through control lists. The application of business skills was established through a semi-structured interview. Throughout the process the researcher made observations and documented information. Surveys indicated that the duration of the group members' involvement with needlework activities were between three and eleven years. A clear need for skills training as well as interest in group work was established and addressed. Self diagnoses of needs for skills training was done during visits to trade areas. A brainstorming session was conducted to generate ideas for the manufacturing of products to be sold. The skills in making these products were demonstrated during the workshops and practised during follow-up work sessions. A basic business skill workshop was conducted. After implementation of the intervention the results of the group work were evaluated at the hand of success criteria identified from literature. This list of criteria provides a guideline for similar training programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landelike gebiede in Suid-Afrika gaan gebuk onder werkloosheid wat vaardigheidsopleiding noodsaak. Sommige plattelandse dorpe het gemeenskapsentrums wat onder meer vaardigheidsopleiding bied. Deelnemers aan die opleiding word bemagtig om 'n inkomste te kan genereer. Die aktiwiteite vind meestal in groepverband plaas. 'n Leemte, geïdentifiseer in so 'n gemeenskapsentrum, is die aanbieding van gestruktureerde vaardigheidsopleidingsprogramme in groepverband wat mense in staat stel om 'n volhoubare inkomste te genereer. Die studie het ten doel om deur intervensie 'n vaardigheidsopleidings-program te ontwikkel wat landelike mense help om 'n inkomstegenereringsprojek in groepverband te vestig. In die literatuuroorsig is die konsep van gemeenskapsentrums bespreek. Die basiese menslike behoeftes en behoeftes aan opleiding is in verband gebring met die konsep van groepwerk. Programontwikkeling vir volwassene-onderwys is uiteengesit en inkomstegenerering en –intervensies is volledig bespreek. Die ontwikkeling van kreatiwiteit, bemagtiging, kapasiteitsbou en volhoubare ontwikkeling is kortliks aangeraak as moontlike uitkomste van vaardigheidsopleidingsprogramme vir die generering van inkomste. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is 'n gevallestudie gedoen van bestaande naaldwerkgroepe gesetel in die Darling Fokus Gemeenskapsentrum. ‘n Studiegroep van 15 lede is geïdentifiseer. Die tydperk wat die studiegroep by naaldwerkopleiding betrokke is, is bepaal asook die behoefte aan vaardigheidsopleidingswerkswinkels. Verder is die studiegroep se belangstelling in groepwerk bepaal. Hoewel die aktiwiteite van die studiegroep in groepverband plaasvind, is daar min bewyse van samewerking ten einde die doel van inkomstegenerering te bereik. 'n Groot leemte is dat doelstellings nooit deur die groep gestel was nie. Darling is 'n landelike toeriste-aantreklikheid met 'n teikenmark vir die verkoop van handwerkprodukte. Hiervoor moet produkte aan sekere vereistes voldoen. Ondanks hierdie geleentheid om produkte onder toeriste te bemark, word daar slegs op die plaaslike mark gemik. Die vereistes van hierdie kliënte is nie 'n prioriteit in die vervaardiging van produkte nie. Die studiegroep is daarom as 'n geskikte geval beskou vir hierdie studie. 'n Intervensieprogram is in groepverband vir die opleiding van vaardighede in die vervaardiging, bemarking en verkope van produkte saamgestel en geïmplementeer. Opnames is gedoen deur selfgeadministreerde vraelyste en ongestruktureerde onderhoude is met belangrike rolspelers gevoer. Werkswinkels is aangebied waartydens vaardigheidstoepassing deur middel van kontrolelyste gemoniteer is. Die toepassing van besigheidsvaardighede is deur 'n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud bepaal. Die navorser het deurentyd die waarneming gedoen en inligting gedokumenteer. Opnames het aangedui dat die groeplede tussen drie en elf jaar by die naaldwerkaktiwiteite betrokke is. 'n Duidelike behoefte aan vaardigheidsopleiding asook belangstelling in groepwerk is gevind en aangespreek. Selfdiagnose van behoeftes aan vaardigheidsopleiding is tydens besoeke aan afsetgebiede gedoen. 'n Dinkskrum is gehou om idees te genereer vir die maak van produkte om te verkoop. Die vaardighede vir die maak van hierdie produkte is deur middel van werkswinkels gedemonstreer en in opvolgende werksessies deur die studiegroep ingeoefen. 'n Besigheidsvaardigheidswerkswinkel waar basiese beginsels behandel is, is aangebied. Die resultate van groepwerk na die implementering van die intervensie is aan die hand van sukseskriteria wat uit literatuur geïdentifiseer is, geëvalueer. Hierdie stel kriteria bied 'n riglyn vir soortgelyke opleidingsprogramme.
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King, Alison Jane 1974. "Recruitment ecology of fish in floodplain rivers of the southern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." Monash University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8391.
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Morris, Colleen, and ms_colleen_morris@hotmail com. "Water paths and the landscape: poetry of water paths watercourses waterways and rivers - fluid links between artists, ecology and the environment." RMIT University. Art, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080702.144923.
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My project is a tribute to all water paths, waterways and rivers. It is an acknowledgement of their global significance, and of their mysterious and mythic presence in legend and history. The main body of the research and studio practice focuses on the Murray-Darling River System. Contained within the research there is a store of personal knowledge and memories of a complex river network. I view this research as my personal tribute. Some of the most important environmental challenges currently faced by us as a community in the twenty first century are water quality and water usage. By understanding and integrating people's needs, and ensuring that the communities in the Basin are able to engage in the process of change, a sense of identity can be fostered, so that long - term sustainability becomes a shared goal. Salinity, algal blooms, trading water property rights, and establishing a balance between the needs of the environment and the needs of the communities in the consumption of water are some of the strategies that are planned under the Murray - Darling Basin Initiative. For my exploration into the environment, ecology and poetry of water paths, I have researched and will discuss the work of a number of contemporary visual artists, and quoted from works of both writers and poets, to further illustrate aspects of a water path and landscape environment. My selection is primarily governed by artworks that specifically reference the human traces that mark or imprint on the landscape, water paths in the riverine landscape and the linked ecology. By reflecting on the broader position of water, its usage and control, it can be seen how this factor relates to the health of our ecological environment, and the most likely impact water usage and control will have in the future. Through both studio research and exegesis, I encapsulate a key part of childhood memory and significance of place, and established a sense of its importance within my integral identity. Simultaneo usly, the research explores the duality of this river environment and its atmospheric moods. I encompass the meditative qualities and beauty of this specific river environment, and include some investigation of social and ecological factors related to the presence and usage of water in the Murray - Darling Basin.
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Davies, Ruby. "Contested Visions, Expansive Views : The Landscape of the Darling River in Western NSW." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1119.
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Master of Visual ArtsThis paper grows out of my ongoing practice of photographing the Darling River in western NSW. My interest in imaging the landscape and representing the contemporary divisions within it led me to investigate previous colonial conflicts, which occurred as white explorers in the 1830’s and squatters in the 1850’s took over the Aboriginal tribal lands on the Darling. In this paper I investigate the images created by explorers, artists and photographers, which were the beginnings of a Eurocentric vision for this land. These images were created in the context of a colonial history which forms the ideological backdrop to historical events and representations of this land. This research has involved me in an investigation across three different disciplines; Australian history, Australian visual art, and environmental aspects of human interactions with the land. The postcolonial histories which inform my work are themselves re-evaluations of earlier histories. This recent history has revealed, amid the images of European ‘settlement’ and ‘progress’, views of frontier violence and Aboriginal resistance to colonisation that were excluded from earlier histories. The fan-like shape of the Darling River, which for millennia has bought water to this dry land, is the motif that focuses my investigation. I discuss the relatively recent degradation of the river, which is the focus of contemporary conflicts between graziers, Aboriginal people, environmentalists and irrigators. Because large-scale irrigation now has the capacity to divert the flows of entire rivers for the irrigation of cash crops, the insecurities of earlier generations over the ‘unpredictable’ floods and their perception of lack of control over water - has been entirely reversed. ‘Control’ of water is now held by irrigators and the river down stream from the pumps is kept at a constant low, becoming a chain of stagnant waterholes during summer. Like many rivers in industrialised countries, the Darling no longer flows to its ocean. The physical characteristics of rangeland grazing are an important background to my paper. Although the introduction of sheep and cattle has altered and degraded this landscape, unlike ploughed country to the east this land retains much of its native vegetation and an Aboriginal history embedded across its surface. This paper is an investigation of the changing representations of the Australian landscape, and central to my paper (and a result of growing up in this area) is my recognition, at an early age, of cultural difference in the context of this landscape. I became aware of contradictions in how Aboriginal people were treated by the ‘white’ community and I glimpsed the distinct cultural viewpoints held by Aboriginal people. A connection to country continues to be expressed in art produced by Aboriginal people in the Wilcannia area, including work by Badger Bates and Waddy Harris. The Wilcannia Mob, a schoolboy rap-group received national press coverage, winning a Deadly Award in 2002 for their acclaimed song ‘Down River’. While a discussion of these artworks is not part of the discussion of my paper, it is a context for my research. In broad terms this paper is an investigation of different worldviews, different views of land and landscape by graziers, Aboriginal people, environmentalists and irrigators. These views carry with them different cultural understandings and different representations of the land - different and sometimes opposing views of its past and its future. It seems in 2005 that, just as artists, historians, filmmakers, etc. are beginning to come to terms with Australian colonial history, as the El Nino seasons and the importance of ‘environmental flows’ in the Murray Darling Basin are increasingly understood, that technological changes and the global effects of population densities are creating other changes (greenhouse gasses, ozone depletion, climate changes) that once again appear to be unpredictable and beyond our control. While this environmental discussion is outside the scope of the current paper it is a context for my investigation of this landscape.
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Dwyer, Brian James. "Aspects of governance and public participation in remediation of the Murray-Darling Basin /." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060517.130206/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Western Sydney, Sydney, January 2004." Includes bibliography : leaves 359 - 369.
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Olaofe, Zaccheus Olaniyi. "Wind energy generation and forecasts: a case study of Darling and Vredenburg sites." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16831.
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This research study presents the wind resource assessment at two potential onshore wind sites at the Western Cape of South Africa for small and large scale wind energy generation. It is anticipated that by virtue of the enormous wind resources prevalent along the South Africa West Coast, it is economical and cost effective to generate electricity from the wind to offset the increasing cost of energy generation from non-renewable sources (coal-fired, nuclear, gas etc.) which are the major source of power generation. Despite the environmental benefit and economic potentials of the wind energy, its variability and the inability to accurately predict (estimate) the long term energy generation potentials usually lead to difficulties in the selection and development of a suitable wind site for any proposed wind farm project(s) in the country.
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Beswick, Danielle. "Aid and security in post-genocide Rwanda : the politics of a donor darling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526534.
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This thesis explores the complex relationship between aid and statehood using the case study of post-genocide Rwanda. Since the 1994 genocide, Rwanda has actively courted the support of particular donors, securing preferential aid relationships with some of them and becoming something of a 'donor darling.' The thesis uses the Rwandan case to examine how regimes become donor darlings and the effects of such a designation. Using the work of Harrison (2004) and Bayart (1993; 2000), I argue that the creation of a donor darling is a two way process; donors attempt to identify desirable qualities in recipient states, and African regimes actively market themselves in relation to donor priorities. The thesis will demonstrate that the Rwandan regime uses donor narratives on development, security and African statehood, to access aid, presenting itself as a potential partner in achieving goals of certain donors. Following Bayart. this can be seen as a strategy of extraversion. The thesis examines four areas of Rwandan regime policy: political space; ethnic difference: intervention in Zaire/DRC and peacekeeping in Darfur. These demonstrate a significant disjuncture between the regime's stated commitments to security and good governance and its actual policies. Despite this, donors have been highly reluctant to criticise the postgenocide regime. I argue that this reflects a donor concern with stability that may outweigh commitments to particular areas of good governance. Donors such as the UK have actively promoted 'post-conditionality' and 'African solutions to African problems,' emphasising the responsibility of African regimes for governance and security on the continent. However, I use the Rwandan example to argue that by heavily supporting donor darlings, donors are to some degree responsible for those regime's policies. Although they may wish to decouple aid from its effects, the Rwandan case shows this is unrealistic.
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Prananto, Agnes Kristina. "The use of remotely sensed data to analyse spatial and temporal trends in vegetation patchiness within rehabilitated bauxite mines in the Darling Range, W.A." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0012.
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[Truncated abstract] The assessment of rehabilitation success is time consuming and costly for bauxite miners because large areas of land (~550 ha per year) are involved. In some cases, rehabilitation results in patches of bare or sparsely vegetated soil. This study uses remote sensing imagery to evaluate the growth of vegetation in rehabilitated bauxite mines in the Darling Range, W.A. This work has five aims, which are to (1) compare vegetation biomass within rehabilitated areas and nearby native forest; (2) analyse temporal changes in vegetation growth within the selected rehabilitated areas, in particular rehabilitated areas with patches of bare soil; (3) compare vegetation growth pre- and post- mining; (4) identify the best type of remotely sensed data for this particular study area, and (5) develop an index, which can classify the degree of vegetation patchiness within rehabilitated mine sites. This information will enable rehabilitation workers to identify patches in rehabilitated areas that may require further remediation. The study used RADARSAT, nine years of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps (extracted from LANDSAT TM multivariate imagery and Quickbird imagery) and aerial photographs to evaluate forty-seven ~1 ha study sites. Image and map analyses were conducted mainly using ESRI’s software ArcGIS 8.3 and ER Mapper 6.4. Ground truthing was carried out to confirm and recognise the causes of bare patches within the rehabilitated mine sites ... The results indicate that differences in rehabilitation management do not affect this index but the extent of bare patches does. Due to the sensitivity of radar imagery to surface roughness, rehabilitated areas cannot be distinguished from the native forest using radar images. A building (crusher) appears to be the same as mature vegetation. Knowledge of the features in an area is therefore crucial when utilising RADARSAT. The beam elevation angle and profile of the RADARSAT image used, made superimposition of radar and optical imageries impossible. Speckle noise in RADARSAT images made it impossible to detect relatively small bare patches. In addition, the many cloud free days in Western Australia make optical imaging possible so that the ability of radar imagery to penetrate cloud is redundant for this type of study.
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Angêlla, Aline Fernandes [UNESP]. "Estudo populacional de Anopheles darlingi utilizando análise de RAPD e seqüenciamento de genes mitocondriais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92470.
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angella_af_me_botib.pdf: 1771008 bytes, checksum: 49bffe6b87df00a6ffab3e65cd19bdaa (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O fungo termo dimórfico, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis é o agente etiológico da Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM), a micose sistêmica mais prevalente da América Latina. Este fungo vem sendo frequentemente isolado de amostras clínicas, tecidos de tatu (Dasypus novemcinctus) e recentemente foi também isolado de cão. Este trabalho avaliou a transição de micélio para levedura (M-L), a termo tolerância e o perfil de virulência em nove isolados de P. brasiliensis (quatro de pacientes humanos, quatro de tatus e um de cão), bem como a sua relação com a seqüência parcial e expressão do gene hsp70 (Heat Shock Protein 70) através de Real Time RT-PCR. Tanto os dados morfológicos como moleculares se mostraram variáveis dentre os diferentes isolados. Alguns destes dados, como sequenciamento e morfologia leveduriforme corroboram com a divisão de nossos isolados nas duas espécies crípticas simpátricas previamente propostas por Matute et al (2006). Nossos resultados confirmam que a HSP70 pode ser um importante fator de virulência por estar associado à termo tolerância, mas sua expressão parece não ser diretamente associada a altos padrões de virulência.
The thermo dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. The previous phylogenetic species recognition proved the existence of, at least, three cryptic species in this pathogen. In this work we evaluated the mycelia to yeast (M-Y) transition, thermo tolerance and virulence profiles of nine isolates of P. brasiliensis, (including members of two of the three species) as well as its relation to the partial sequence and expression of hsp70 gene. It was observed a large phenotypic variability concerning the M-Y transition. The isolates Bt84 and T10 took more time to convert to the yeast form. These same isolates presented stretched yeast cells at 36°C, instead of the typical round cells. It was also observed arthroconidia production during the M-Y transition for some of the nine isolates studied. The hsp70 expression showed to be variable among our isolates. The partial sequencing of hsp70 gene resulted in a Neighbour Joining tree that divided our isolates in two main groups. Conclusions: Our data confirm that hsp70 gene might be an important virulence factor, associated with the thermo tolerance, but its expression does not seem to be directly related to high virulence profiles. We also presented some preliminary results about mycological characters that could be important candidates for morphologic markers for species recognition, as well as the partial sequencing of one member of the hsp70 gene family that allowed the separation of our isolates in two clusters, that correspond to the two sympatric cryptic species that occur in our PCM hyper endemic area (Botucatu, SP, Brazil).
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Angêlla, Aline Fernandes. "Estudo populacional de Anopheles darlingi utilizando análise de RAPD e seqüenciamento de genes mitocondriais /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92470.
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Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Martins RibollaBanca: Alexandre Afrânio Peixoto
Banca: Newton Goulart Madeira
Resumo: O fungo termo dimórfico, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis é o agente etiológico da Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM), a micose sistêmica mais prevalente da América Latina. Este fungo vem sendo frequentemente isolado de amostras clínicas, tecidos de tatu (Dasypus novemcinctus) e recentemente foi também isolado de cão. Este trabalho avaliou a transição de micélio para levedura (M-L), a termo tolerância e o perfil de virulência em nove isolados de P. brasiliensis (quatro de pacientes humanos, quatro de tatus e um de cão), bem como a sua relação com a seqüência parcial e expressão do gene hsp70 (Heat Shock Protein 70) através de Real Time RT-PCR. Tanto os dados morfológicos como moleculares se mostraram variáveis dentre os diferentes isolados. Alguns destes dados, como sequenciamento e morfologia leveduriforme corroboram com a divisão de nossos isolados nas duas espécies crípticas simpátricas previamente propostas por Matute et al (2006). Nossos resultados confirmam que a HSP70 pode ser um importante fator de virulência por estar associado à termo tolerância, mas sua expressão parece não ser diretamente associada a altos padrões de virulência.
Abstract: The thermo dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. The previous phylogenetic species recognition proved the existence of, at least, three cryptic species in this pathogen. In this work we evaluated the mycelia to yeast (M-Y) transition, thermo tolerance and virulence profiles of nine isolates of P. brasiliensis, (including members of two of the three species) as well as its relation to the partial sequence and expression of hsp70 gene. It was observed a large phenotypic variability concerning the M-Y transition. The isolates Bt84 and T10 took more time to convert to the yeast form. These same isolates presented stretched yeast cells at 36°C, instead of the typical round cells. It was also observed arthroconidia production during the M-Y transition for some of the nine isolates studied. The hsp70 expression showed to be variable among our isolates. The partial sequencing of hsp70 gene resulted in a Neighbour Joining tree that divided our isolates in two main groups. Conclusions: Our data confirm that hsp70 gene might be an important virulence factor, associated with the thermo tolerance, but its expression does not seem to be directly related to high virulence profiles. We also presented some preliminary results about mycological characters that could be important candidates for morphologic markers for species recognition, as well as the partial sequencing of one member of the hsp70 gene family that allowed the separation of our isolates in two clusters, that correspond to the two sympatric cryptic species that occur in our PCM hyper endemic area (Botucatu, SP, Brazil).
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Voges, Kamila. "Caracterização funcional do sistema complemento e análise da microbiota de Anopheles darlingi em resposta à infecção com plasmodium vivax." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181818.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jayme Augusto de Souza NetoResumo: A malária é uma doença ocasionada por protozoários do gênero Plasmodium e transmitida ao homem por meio da picada de mosquitos do gênero Anopheles. No Brasil a maior parte dos casos da doença concentra-se na região Amazônica, onde grande parte das infecções é causada por Plasmodium vivax, e o A. darlingi é o principal vetor. Estudos recentes indicam que a microbiota e que o sistema imune dos mosquitos do gênero Anopheles, em particular, componentes do sistema complemento, possuem uma importante função na determinação da competência vetorial, podendo modular o desenvolvimento do parasita no mosquito. Apesar da importância epidemiológica de A. darlingi, pouco se sabe a cerca da composição de sua microbiota intestinal, e sobre as interações moleculares deste vetor com P. vivax. Neste cenário, temos como principais objetivos: 1) Avaliar o papel de LRIM1 (Leucine-rich repeat protein 1), um dos genes do complemento, na interface A. darlingi-P.vivax, e 2) Averiguar determinados aspectos da interação entre microbiota- A.darlingi- P.vivax. Quanto às análises de LRIM1, as topologias das árvores filogenéticas mostram maior relação filogenética entre A. darlingi e A. albimanus, apresentando-os como táxons irmãos. Para a realização dos ensaios funcionais, sintetizamos RNA dupla-fita com base na sequência codificadora de LRIM1 de A. darlingi e microinjetamos no tórax de fêmeas desta espécie, as quais foram posteriormente submetidas a uma infecção por P. vivax. Quanto aos ensaios funcionais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. In Brazil, most cases of the disease are concentrated in the Amazon region, where most of the infections are caused by Plasmodium vivax, and A. darlingi is the main vector. Recent studies indicate that the microbiota and the immune system of Anopheles mosquitoes, in particular components of the complement system, play an important role in the determination of vector competence and can modulate the development of the parasite in the mosquito. Despite the epidemiological importance of A. darlingi, little is known about the composition of its intestinal microbiota, and about the molecular interactions of this vector with P. vivax. In this scenario, we have as main objectives: 1) To evaluate the role of LRIM1 (Leucine-rich repeat protein 1), one of the complement genes, in the interface A. darlingi-P.vivax, And 2) To ascertain some aspects of the interaction between microbiota- A.darlingi- P. vivax. As for the LRIM1 analyzes, the topologies of the phylogenetic trees show a higher phylogenetic relationship between A. darlingi and A. albimanus, presenting them as sister taxa. To perform the functional assays, we synthesized double-stranded RNA based on the coding sequence of A. darlingi LRIM1 and microinjections in the thorax of females of this species, which were subsequently subjected to a P. vivax infection. Regarding the functional tes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Hillerbrand, Rune Johanna. "Skeva flickexemplar : En queerteoretisk studie om femininitet och sexualitet i Sara Stridsbergs Darling River." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19655.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this essay is to study constructions of femininity and sexuality in Sara Stridsberg’s novel Darling River (2010). The analysis is based on queer theory and the term ’skev’ – a variation of ’queer’ that allows one to focus on additional forms of normativity apart from sexual desire – and examines how the characters of the novel are challenging the heteronormative framework by performing gender and sexuality in non-normative, subversive ways. In short, I discuss how the relationship between femininity, body and destiny is being portrayed, how the characters question heteronormativity by overdoing femininity, and by being unable (unwilling) to perform adult femininity. I also show how the novel constitutes non-normative sexuality in, for example, incestuous, non-reproductive and non-monogamous ways. Furthermore, I locate queer leakages in the text, and discuss how the characters relate to objectification and agency.
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Boys, Craig Ashley, and n/a. "Fish-Habitat Associations in a Large Dryland River of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070807.112943.
Full textAbstract:
Many aspects concerning the association of riverine fish with in-channel habitat remain
poorly understood, greatly hindering the ability of researchers and managers to address
declines in fish assemblages. Recent insights gained from landscape ecology suggest
that small, uni-scalar approaches are unlikely to effectively determine those factors that
influence riverine structure and function and mediate fish-habitat associations. There
appears to be merit in using multiple-scale designs built upon a geomorphologically-derived
hierarchy to bridge small, intermediate and large spatial scales in large rivers.
This thesis employs a hierarchical design encompassing functional process zones
(referred to hereafter as zones), reaches and mesohabitats to investigate fish-habitat
associations as well as explore patterns of in-channel habitat structure in one of
Australia's largest dryland river systems; the Barwon-Darling River.
In this thesis, empirical evidence is presented showing that large dryland rivers are
inherently complex in structure and different facets of existing conceptual models of
landscape ecology must be refined when applied to these systems. In-channel habitat
and fish exist within a hierarchical arrangement of spatial scales in the riverscape,
displaying properties of discontinuities, longitudinal patterns and patch mosaics. During
low flows that predominate for the majority of time in the Barwon-Darling River there
is a significant difference in fish assemblage composition among mesohabitats. There is
a strong association between large wood and golden perch, Murray cod and carp, but
only a weak association with bony herring. Golden perch and Murray cod are large
wood specialists, whereas carp are more general in there use of mesohabitats. Bony
herring are strongly associated with smooth and irregular banks but are ubiquitous in
most mesohabitats. Open water (mid-channel and deep pool) mesohabitats are
characterised by relatively low abundances of all species and a particularly weak
association with golden perch, Murray cod and carp. Murray cod are weakly associated
with matted bank, whereas carp and bony herring associate with this mesohabitat patch
in low abundance.
Nocturnal sampling provided useful information on size-related use of habitat that was
not evident from day sampling. Both bony herring and carp exhibited a variety of
habitat use patterns throughout the die1 period and throughout their lifetime, with
temporal partitioning of habitat use by juvenile bony herring and carp evident. Much of
the strong association between bony herring and smooth and irregular banks was due to
the abundance of juveniles (<100mm in length) in these mesohabitats. Adult bony
herring (>100mm length) occupied large wood more than smooth and irregular banks.
At night, juvenile bony herring were not captured, suggesting the use of deeper water
habitats. Adult bony herring were captured at night and occupjed large wood, smooth
bank and irregular bank. Juvenile carp (<200mm length) were more abundant at night
and aggregated in smooth and irregular banks more than any other mesohabitat patch.
Adult carp (>200mm length) occupied large wood during both day and night.
There is a downstream pattern of change in the fish assemblage among river zones, with
reaches in Zone 2 containing a larger proportion of introduced species (carp and
goldfish) because of a significantly lower abundance of native species (bony herring,
golden perch and Murray cod) than all other zones. In comparison, the fish assemblage
of Zone 3 was characterised by a comparatively higher abundance of the native species
bony herring, golden perch and Murray cod. A significant proportion of the amongreach
variability in fish assemblage composition was explained at the zone scale,
suggesting that geomorphological influences may impose some degree of top-down
constraint over fish assemblage distribution. Although mesohabitat composition among
reaches in the Barwon-Darling River also changed throughout the study area, this
pattern explained very little of the large-scale distribution of the fish assemblage, with
most of the variability in assemblage distribution remaining unexplained. Therefore,
although mesohabitat patches strongly influence the distribution of species within
reaches, they explain very little of assemblage composition at intermediate zone and
larger river scales. These findings suggest that small scale mesohabitat rehabilitation
projects within reaches are unlikely to produce measurable benefits for the fish
assemblage over intermediate and large spatial scales in the Barwon-Darling River. This
indicates the importance taking a holistic approach to river rehabilitation that correctly
identifies and targets limiting processes at the correct scales.
The variable nature of flow-pulse dynamics in the Barwon-Darling River creates a
shifting habitat mosaic that serves to maintain an ever-changing arrangement of habitat
patches. The inundation dynamics of large wood habitat described in this thesis
highlights the fragmented nature of mesohabitat patches, with the largest proportion of
total in-channel large wood remaining unavailable to fish for the majority of the time.
At low flows there is a mosaic of large wood habitat and with increasing discharge more
potential large wood habitat becomes available and does so in a complex spatial
manner. What results in this dryland river is a dynamic pattern of spatio-temporal
patchiness in large wood habitat availability that is seen both longitudinally among
different river zones and vertically among different heights in the river channel. Water
resource development impacts on this shifting habitat mosaic.
Projects undertaking both fish habitat assessment and rehabilitation need to carefully
consider spatial scale since the drivers of fish assemblage structure can occur at scales
well beyond that of the reach. Fish-habitat associations occurring at small spatial scales
can become decoupled by process occurring across large spatial scales, making
responses in the fish assemblage hard to predict. As rivers become increasingly
channelised, there is an urgent need to apply research such as that conducted in this
thesis to better understand the role that in-channel habitats play in supporting fish and
other ecosystem processes. Habitat rehabilitation projects need to be refined to consider
the appropriate scales at which fish assemblages associate with habitat. Failure to do so
risks wasting resources and forgoes valuable opportunities for addressing declines in
native fish populations. Adopting multi-scalar approaches to understanding ecological
processes in aquatic ecosystems, as developed in this thesis, should be a priority of
research and management. To do so will enable more effective determination of those
factors that influence riverine structure and function at the approariate scale.
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Darling, Antanique R. "A Business Plan for Darling Suites| An Assisted Living Facility in Rock Island, IL." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784429.
Full textAbstract:
Nonmedical, residential care settings, also known as assisted living facilities (ALFs), provide secure housing, personal services, food services, and 24-hour staffing. The demand for assisted living facilities are on the rise as the older adult population increases. In Illinois, there was a 4.4 percent increase in older adults aged 65 and older from the year 1990 to 2000. In Rock Island, IL, there are currently two ALFs, Fort Armstrong Senior Residence and Friendship Manor, as well as two nursing homes, Generations at Rock Island and St. Anthony’s Continuing Care. With the ever-growing older adult population, these facilities will not suffice.
The purpose of this directed project was to develop a business plan for the creation of Darling Suites, an ALF for older adults aged 65 and older, to be located in Rock Island, IL, a community in need of facilities to meet a growing older adult population.
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Smith, Meris. "A geochemical investigation of the Darling and Ysterfontein saline pans, Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4224.
Full textAbstract:
Summary in English.Includes bibliography.
Saline pans are an important component of the hydrologic cycle in arid areas, and are common in South Africa. Natural saline pans on the coastal lowlands of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were studied to determine the origin and evolution of salts within the pans. Samples of surface, stream and spring water as well as pan sediments were collected from two large coastal pans near Ysterfontein, and eight smaller pans 10-20 km from the sea, on the inland side of the granitic Darling hills.
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Host, Elizabeth Anne. "Capitalisation and proletarianization on a Western Cape farm: Klaver Valley 1812-1898." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22559.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is the study of a single farm, Klaver Valley in the Darling district, 1812 - 1898. Chapter One provides a physical view of Klaver Valley from 1812 to 1898 showing the changes in the landscape and production of grains, wine and wool over the period. It argues that these changes occurred as a direct result of external market forces. Chapter Two focuses on the changes which occurred in the labour process from the early 1800s to 1898, arguing that the main impetus for change came from mechanisation of harvesting in the 1820s and 1850s. Chapter Three explores the notion of a capitalist farmer and argues that Duckitt and later Ruperti can be categorised as capitalist farmers. The main thrust of their progressive capitalization occurred before the 1850s and it did so as a result of the system of informal credit which existed at farm level among farmers, allowing for re-investment and survival of cash flow. Chapter Four studies the process of proletarianisation which accompanied the capitalist development of the farm and its farmers. While taking account of the existence of a small number (3) of sharecroppers on the farm in the 1840s, 1870s and 1890s, this chapter argues that by the early 1830s, the farm was operating on the back of fully proletarianised labour. Composition of the labour force, wages and tasks, the work of women and the change from resident and permanent to casual labour from the 1820s to the 1890s, form some of the main focuses of this chapter. Chapter Five explores the nature of the relationship between the farmer and workers from 1829 - 1898, the two increasingly alienated from each other by the encroachment of the overseer. It argues that capitalist relations of production developed in the context of paternalism throughout although it was increasingly shaped by the cash-oriented relationship.
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Zettermark, Sophie. "Intrikata vävar : Heteronormativitet, begär och moderskap i Sara Stridsbergs Happy Sally, Drömfakulteten och Darling River." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180537.
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Martinger, Henric. "Terms of endearment in American Soap Operas : A corpus study of honey, sweetheart and darling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24299.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates three terms of endearment in soap operas, namely honey, sweetheart and darling. The purpose is to determine how these terms are used and in what context. 200 tokens were taken from the Corpus of American Soap Operas which contains 10 different soaps. The results indicate that more women utilize terms of endearment overall in soap operas, both to men and to other females. However, women are also mostly addressed with these terms. Honey is used mostly woman-to-woman, sweetheart most man-to-woman and darling is used mostly by women addressing men. Furthermore, honey occurs most frequently and almost all terms are used in a positive way, but there were some few exceptions however. In general, a term of endearment is mostly utilized at the end of a sentence, and individuals who are addressed with honey, sweetheart or darling do not usually respond with a similar term in return. An analysis of the social relationships between the characters/speakers of terms of endearment was also conducted, and it indicated that romantic couples and mother-to-son were common constellations where these terms often occurred. Furthermore, no instances were found where men used terms of endearment to other men. Moreover, the portrayal of men and women in soaps are not that stereotypical that one may suspect, but there are still stereotypical characteristics to find. This paper also suggests that terms of endearment are more common in soap operas than in authentic speech. The conclusion is that the findings in this thesis are important but further and more comprehensive studies have to be conducted in order to establish that the results presented here are reliable and accurate.
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Moutinho, Paulo Rufalco [UNESP]. "Dinâmica e estrututra populacional de Anopheles darlingi em um assentamento rural na floresta amazônica, Acre, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92427.
Full textAbstract:
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Os mosquitos do gênero Anopheles incluem espécies de grande importância epidemiológica, pois representam os principais vetores da malária. Estudar o papel destas espécies na transmissão, a interação com o humanos e as diferentes regiões que eles infestam estão entre os principais objetivos da entomologia médica. Sua infestação esta ligada a regiões tropicais e o gênero está presente de forma cosmopolita, predominantemente nos países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, o Anopheles darlingi é o principal vetor da doença e é encontrado na região norte, área onde são notificados 99,5% de casos da doença. O presente estudo consistiu em capturas de mosquitos do gênero Anopheles ao longo de oito meses, em dois diferentes sítios do Ramal do Granada, localizado no município de Acrelândia, Acre. O Ramal do Granada, estrada que corta o bioma amazônico e com extensão de 30 km a partir do ponto 0 (BR 364), possui diferentes formas de assentamento conforme a área analisada. A tendência é: quanto mais afastado do ponto 0, menor é o número de famílias residentes e menor a proporção de desmatamento. Cada coleta foi composta por três dias, dois para capturas de três horas, no intra, peri e extra-domicílio, e um para capturas de 12 horas, no intra e peri-domicílio. As coletas foram realizadas em intervalos de dois meses, acompanhando a sazonalidade das chuvas, fator ambiental estritamente ligado com a presença do anofelino. Foi verificada a densidade, a distribuição, atividade hematofágica de mosquitos Anopheles darlingi, além de sua filogeografia, através do sequenciamento de parte do gene ND4. A comparação entre os dois sítios quanto a quantidade e variabilidade, e o com menor grau de desflorestamento e número de residências se mostrou com maior quantidade de mosquitos. As coletas de doze horas mostraram que o pico do An. darlingi se dá entre 19:00 e 22:00...
Anopheles spp. include species of major epidemiological importance, because of their role as the main malaria vectors. Studying mosquito variability, their behavior and the various regions they infest are the main objectives of medical entomology. In Brasil, An. darlingi, the main vector of disease, is found predominantly in northern area, where are reported 99,5% of malaria. This study consists in monitoring mosquito variability during eight months, in two different regions of a rural settlement, the “Ramal do Granada” located in Acrelândia, Acre. The “Ramal do Granada”, a road in the Amazon biome, whose extension is 30 km from point 0 (BR 364), has different ways of population settlement, varying accordingly to the observed kilometer. The tendency is: the farther from point 0, the lower is the number of residents and the level of deforestation. The collections are performed during three days, two days for three-hour captures and one day for a twelve-hour capture. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing inside and outside the houses. Each collection is made between intervals of two months, following the seasonal variation of rainfall, environmental factor closely connected to the presence of the Anopheles. Populational variations and density has been analyzed, together with molecular analysis of Anopheles darlingi by part of ND4 gene sequencing. The data presented shows differences inside the settlement: number of collected mosquitoes was greater in all collections nearby the settlement limits, representing newer settlements. The twelve-hour captures have shown the presence of only one density peak occuring between 7:00PM to 10:00 PM in months of low density, and verified the existence of peaks in the remaing hours of the night, in collections of high density. Molecular analysis using sequencing of the mitochondrial ND4 gene showed no variation between the An. darlingi ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Moutinho, Paulo Rufalco. "Dinâmica e estrututra populacional de Anopheles darlingi em um assentamento rural na floresta amazônica, Acre, Brasil /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92427.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Eduardo Martins RibollaBanca: Claudia Pio
Banca: Karina dos Santos Paduan
Resumo: Os mosquitos do gênero Anopheles incluem espécies de grande importância epidemiológica, pois representam os principais vetores da malária. Estudar o papel destas espécies na transmissão, a interação com o humanos e as diferentes regiões que eles infestam estão entre os principais objetivos da entomologia médica. Sua infestação esta ligada a regiões tropicais e o gênero está presente de forma cosmopolita, predominantemente nos países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, o Anopheles darlingi é o principal vetor da doença e é encontrado na região norte, área onde são notificados 99,5% de casos da doença. O presente estudo consistiu em capturas de mosquitos do gênero Anopheles ao longo de oito meses, em dois diferentes sítios do Ramal do Granada, localizado no município de Acrelândia, Acre. O Ramal do Granada, estrada que corta o bioma amazônico e com extensão de 30 km a partir do ponto 0 (BR 364), possui diferentes formas de assentamento conforme a área analisada. A tendência é: quanto mais afastado do ponto 0, menor é o número de famílias residentes e menor a proporção de desmatamento. Cada coleta foi composta por três dias, dois para capturas de três horas, no intra, peri e extra-domicílio, e um para capturas de 12 horas, no intra e peri-domicílio. As coletas foram realizadas em intervalos de dois meses, acompanhando a sazonalidade das chuvas, fator ambiental estritamente ligado com a presença do anofelino. Foi verificada a densidade, a distribuição, atividade hematofágica de mosquitos Anopheles darlingi, além de sua filogeografia, através do sequenciamento de parte do gene ND4. A comparação entre os dois sítios quanto a quantidade e variabilidade, e o com menor grau de desflorestamento e número de residências se mostrou com maior quantidade de mosquitos. As coletas de doze horas mostraram que o pico do An. darlingi se dá entre 19:00 e 22:00 ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Anopheles spp. include species of major epidemiological importance, because of their role as the main malaria vectors. Studying mosquito variability, their behavior and the various regions they infest are the main objectives of medical entomology. In Brasil, An. darlingi, the main vector of disease, is found predominantly in northern area, where are reported 99,5% of malaria. This study consists in monitoring mosquito variability during eight months, in two different regions of a rural settlement, the "Ramal do Granada" located in Acrelândia, Acre. The "Ramal do Granada", a road in the Amazon biome, whose extension is 30 km from point 0 (BR 364), has different ways of population settlement, varying accordingly to the observed kilometer. The tendency is: the farther from point 0, the lower is the number of residents and the level of deforestation. The collections are performed during three days, two days for three-hour captures and one day for a twelve-hour capture. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing inside and outside the houses. Each collection is made between intervals of two months, following the seasonal variation of rainfall, environmental factor closely connected to the presence of the Anopheles. Populational variations and density has been analyzed, together with molecular analysis of Anopheles darlingi by part of ND4 gene sequencing. The data presented shows differences inside the settlement: number of collected mosquitoes was greater in all collections nearby the settlement limits, representing newer settlements. The twelve-hour captures have shown the presence of only one density peak occuring between 7:00PM to 10:00 PM in months of low density, and verified the existence of peaks in the remaing hours of the night, in collections of high density. Molecular analysis using sequencing of the mitochondrial ND4 gene showed no variation between the An. darlingi ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Bester, Alte. "A participatory action research approach to programme evaluation in a rural society." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52686.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recently, Participatory action research (PAR) has become a common approach to social programmes in South Africa. This tendency has created a need to evaluate this kind of programmes to determine if it really achieves what it sets out to do. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an entrepreneurial skills training programme in a rural community where a participatory action research approach was followed. A literature review was undertaken to present an in-depth look into the body of literature that surrounds the study. Programme evaluation was discussed as a research design, including types and stages of evaluation. The concept of empowerment was investigated. The review also included a study of literature on PAR, especially the definitions, context and process of PAR. The role of entrepreneurship in rural development was also investigated as well as the evaluation of entrepreneurial skills training programmes. An entrepreneurial skills training programme was implemented in the rural town of Darling on the West Coast of South Africa. The PAR approach was followed in the implementation of the study that was conducted over a period of 15 months. Participants joined the programme that included different projects, voluntarily. The participants were divided into three groups according to their period of participation in the programme. The researcher facilitated actions as well as reflection meetings with the group of participants before and after the entrepreneurial skills training course. The researcher made field notes during the implementation of the programme. The participants' empowerment status was measured with a standardized questionnaire using a pre-test-post-test design. The participants' application of the entrepreneurial skills that were taught in the course was measured during semi-structured interviews at the end of the research perico. four case studies document the extremes of the respective outcomes of the programme, namely empowerment and entrepreneurship. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant improvements in the micro, macro and total empowerment scores of the total group. Looking at the three groups separately, group one showed statistically significant improvements on the micro and interface levels and group two on the micro level. Even though group three showed small improvements on all three levels, none of them were statistically significant. Data from the field notes wer:e analyzed according to the PAR concepts of participation, action and reflection. Participation mostly had a collaborative nature; action was aimed at economical change and reflection aimed at practical problem solving. The interviews revealed that 20 of the 24 participants had micro baking businesses at the end of the research period and they succeeded in the short-term goal of applying the skills that were taught in the course. The case studies showed no correlation between the participants' application of entrepreneurial skills and the changes in their empowerment status. The findings of the study suggest that the longer participants participate in a PAR programme, the bigger the improvement in their empowerment status will be. Monitoring of the implementation revealed that the study fell short of the "ideal type" of PAR, since participation was not yet collegiate. Actions were only effective in economic change and not in social transformation. Reflection resulted in limited critical self-awareness among the participants. The PAR approach has proven to be successful in the attainment of the short-term goals of an entrepreneurial skills training programme. The long-term sustainability of the entrepreneurs' businesses will have to be followed-up by further research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope tyd is deelnemende aksie navorsing (DAN)'n algemene benadering tot sosiale intervensie programme in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie tendens het 'n behoefte laat ontstaan om hierdie tipe programme te evalueer om te bepaal of dit werklik die program doelwitte bereik. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingsprogram in 'n landelike gemeenskap waar die DAN-benadering gevolg is, te evalueer. 'n Literatuuroorsig is onderneem om die konseptueie raamwerk wat vir die studie saamgestel is, te kan beredeneer. Programevaluering, insluitende tipes and stadia van evaluering, is bespreek as 'n navorsingsontwerp. Die konsep van bemagtiging is ook bestudeer. Die oorsig het 'n ook studie van literatuur oor DAN ingesluit, veral definisies, die konteks en die proses van DAN. Die rol van entrepreneurskap in landelike ontwikkeling is 00~ ondersoek sowel as die evaluering van opleidingsprogramme gemik op die ontwikkeling van entrepreneursvaardighede. 'n Entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingsprogram is in 'n landelike dorpie, Darling, aan die Weskus van Suid-Afrika geïmplementeer. Oor 'n periode van 15 maande is die DAN-benadering in die implementering van die program gevolg. Deelnemers het vrywillig by die program wat uit verskillende projekte bestaan het, aangesluit. Die deelnemers is na aanleiding van hul tydperk van deelname in die program in drie groepe verdeel. Die navorser het aksies sowel as refleksie byeenkomste met die groep deelnemers voor en na die entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingskursus gefasiliteer. Die navorser het veldnotas tydens die implementering van die program gemaak. Die deelnemers se bemagtigingstatus is gemeet met 'n gestandaardiseerde vraelys terwyl 'n voor-en-na-toets ontwerp gevolg is. Die deelnemers se toepassing van die entrepreneursvaardighede wat in die kursus geleer is, is tydens semigestruktureerde onderhoude aan die einde van die navorsingsperiode gemeet. Vier gevallestudies dokumenteer die uiterstes van die onderskeidelike uitkomste van die program, naamlik bemagtiging en entrepreneurskap. Statistiese analise het statisties betekenisvolle verbeteringe in die mikro, makro en totale bemagtigingsvlakke van die totale groep getoon. Afsonderlik gesien, het groep een statisties betekenisvolle verbeteringe op die mikro en tussenvlak getoon en groep twee net op die mikrovlak. Alhoewel groep drie klein verbeteringe op al drie vlakke getoon het, was geen van die verbeteringe statisties betekenisvol nie. Data van die veldnotas is volgens DAN konsepte, naamlik deelname, aksie en refleksie geanaliseer. Die deelnemers en die fasiliteerder se deelname het meestal In samewerkende aard gehad, aksie was gemik op ekonomiese verandering en refleksie was gemik op praktiese probleemoplossinq. Die onderhoude het aangetoon dat 20 van die 24 deelnemers aan die einde van die navorsingsperiode In mikro bakbesigheid gehad het en dat hulle daarin geslaag het om die korttermyn doelwit, naamlik die toepassing van die vaardighede wat in die kursus geleer is, te bereik. Die gevallestudies het geen korrelasie getoon tussen die deelnemers se toepassing van entrepreneursvaardighede en die veranderinge in hulle bemagtigingstatus nie. Die studie se bevindinge dui daarop dat hoe langer deelnemers aan In DAN-program deelneem, hoe groter sal die verbetering in hulle bemagtigingstatus wees. Die monitering van die implementering van die program het laat biyk dat die studie tekort skiet in vergelyking met die "ideaaltipe" van DAN, want die deelname was nog nie korporatief nie. Aksies was net suksesvol in ekonomiese verandering en nie in sosiale transformasie nie. Refleksie het tot beperkte kritiese "selfbewustheid" by die deelnemers gelei. Dit blyk dat die DAN-benadering suksesvol was om die korttermyn doelwitte van In entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingsprogram te bereik. Die langtermyn volhoubaarheid van die entrepreneurs se bakbesighede sal met verdere navorsing opgevolg moet word.
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CARMONA, ARCE MARIANA, and ROSALES HANNE CARRION. "POTENCIA DE LA PRUEBA ESTADISTICA DE NORMALIDAD JARQUE-BERA FRENTE A LAS PRUEBAS DE ANDERSON-DARLING, JARQUE-BERA ROBUSTA, CHI-CUADRADA, CHEN-SHAPIRO Y SHAPIRO-WILK." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94337.
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La distribución normal, también llamada distribución Gaussiana, es una de las
distribuciones teóricas mayormente estudiadas y utilizadas en la práctica, su
importancia radica fundamentalmente en la frecuencia con la que distintas variables
asociadas a fenómenos naturales y cotidianos siguen aproximadamente esta
distribución (Pértegas y Fernández, 2001). En algunas áreas de estudio tales como:
Economía, Finanzas, Ingeniería, Salud, Psicología, Ciencias Ambientales, Física,
Astronomía, entre otras, se desarrollan estudios mediante la inferencia estadística,
donde se plantea como supuesto importante la validación de normalidad.
La violación del supuesto de normalidad puede tener una influencia sustancial en los
resultados de las clásicas pruebas paramétricas, en particular sobre los valores del
error Tipo I, Tipo II y la Potencia estadística de la prueba (Erceg-Hurn y Mirosevich,
2008).
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Burdack, Doreen. "Water management policies and their impact on irrigated crop production in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7224/.
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The economic impact analysis contained in this book shows how irrigation farming is particularly susceptible when applying certain water management policies in the Australian Murray-Darling Basin, one of the world largest river basins and Australia’s most fertile region.
By comparing different pricing and non-pricing water management policies with the help of the Water Integrated Market Model, it is found that the impact of water demand reducing policies is most severe on crops that need to be intensively irrigated and are at the same time less water productive.
A combination of increasingly frequent and severe droughts and the application of policies that decrease agricultural water demand, in the same region, will create a situation in which the highly water dependent crops rice and cotton cannot be cultivated at all.Die ökonomische Folgenanalyse in diesem Buch zeigt, dass insbesondere Landwirte, die stark auf Bewässerung angewiesen sind, von Wasserregulierungsstrategien im Australischen Murray-Darling Becken betroffen sind. Dieses Gebiet ist eines der größten Flussbecken weltweit und zugleich Australiens fruchtbarste Region. Durch den Vergleich von verschiedenen Preisstrategien und anderen Ansätzen konnte mit Hilfe des Water Integrated Market Models herausgefunden werden, dass die Auswirkungen auf hochgradig wasserabhängige Feldfrüchte mit geringeren Wasserproduktivitäten am stärksten sind. Die Kombination von häufigeren und intensiveren Trockenzeiten und einer Regulierungspolitik mit dem Ziel, die Nachfrage nach Wasser zu verringern, führt dazu, dass in ein und derselben Region hochgradig wasserabhängige Feldfrüchte wie Reis und Baumwolle mit geringeren Wasserproduktivitäten nicht mehr angebaut werden können.
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Allen, David Andrew. "Electrical conductivity imaging of aquifers connected to watercourses : a thesis focused on the Murray Darling Basin, Australia." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/428.
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Electrical imaging of groundwater that interacts with surface watercourses provides detail on the extent of intervention needed to accurately manage both resources. It is particularly important where one resource is saline or otherwise polluted, where spatial quantification of the interacting resources is critical to water use planning and where losses from surface waterways need to be minimized in order to transport water long distances. Geo-electric arrays or transient electromagnetic devices can be towed along watercourses to image electrical conductivity (EC) at multiple depths within and beneath those watercourses. It has been found that in such environments, EC is typically related primarily to groundwater salinity and secondarily to clay content. Submerged geo-electric arrays can detect detailed canal-bottom variations if correctly designed. Floating arrays pass obstacles easily and are good for surveying constricted rivers and canals. Transient electromagnetic devices detect saline features clearly but have inferior ability to detect fine changes just below beds of watercourses. All require that water depth be measured by sonar or pressure sensors for successful elimination of effects of the water layer on the data. The meandering paths of rivers and canals, combined with the sheer volume of data typically acquired in waterborne surveys, results in a geo-referencing dilemma that cannot be accommodated using either 2D imaging or 3D voxel imaging. Because of this, software was developed by the author which allows users to view vertical section images wrapped along meandering paths in 3D space so that they resemble ribbons. Geo-electric arrays suitable for simultaneous imaging of both shallow and deep strata need exponentially spread receiver electrodes and elongated transmitter electrodes. In order to design and facilitate such arrays, signed monopole notation for arrays with iv segmented elongated electrodes was developed. The new notation greatly simplified generalized geo-electric array equations and led to processing efficiency. It was used in the development of new array design software and automated inversion software including a new technique for stable inversion of datasets including data with values below noise level. The Allen Exponential Bipole (AXB) array configuration was defined as a collinear arrangement of 2 elongated transmitter electrodes followed by receiver electrodes spaced exponentially from the end of the second transmitter electrode. A method for constructing such geo-electric arrays for use in rivers and canals was developed and the resulting equipment was refined during the creation of an extensive set of EC imaging case studies distributed across canals and rivers of the Australian Murray- Darling Basin. Man made and natural variations in aquifers connected to those canals and rivers have been clearly and precisely identified in more than 1000 kilometres of EC imagery.
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Jian, Jun. "Predictability of Current and Future Multi-River discharges: Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Blue Nile, and Murray-Darling Rivers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19777.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Judith Curry; Committee Chair: Peter J Webster; Committee Member: Marc Stieglitz; Committee Member: Robert Black; Committee Member: Rong Fu.
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Tankoua, Kwamen Darling Rance Verfasser], Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Blümich, and Marcel [Akademischer Betreuer] Liauw. "Solvent and Plasticizer Effects in Solid Polymers by NMR / Darling Rance Tankoua Kwamen ; Bernhard Blümich, Marcel Liauw." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1127861220/34.
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Tankoua, Kwamen Darling Rance [Verfasser], Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Blümich, and Marcel [Akademischer Betreuer] Liauw. "Solvent and Plasticizer Effects in Solid Polymers by NMR / Darling Rance Tankoua Kwamen ; Bernhard Blümich, Marcel Liauw." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1127861220/34.
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