Journal articles: 'Darters (Fishes)'

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Buckwalter, Joseph, Paul L. Angermeier, Jane Argentina, Skylar Wolf, Stephen Floyd, and Eric M. Hallerman. "Drift of Larval Darters (Family Percidae) in the Upper Roanoke River Basin, USA, Characterized Using Phenotypic and DNA Barcoding Markers." Fishes 4, no. 4 (December 8, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes4040059.

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Larval fish ecology is poorly characterized because sampling is difficult and tools for phenotypically identifying larvae are poorly developed. While DNA barcoding can help address the latter problem, ‘universal’ primers do not work for all fish species. The Roanoke River in the southeastern United States includes seven darters (Family Percide: Tribe Etheostomatini). We made 393 collections of larval fishes in 2015 and 2018, examined darter larvae for morphometric and pigmentation traits, developed PCR primers amplifying darter DNA, and evaluated three gear types for collecting larval darters. Amplified DNA sequences for 1351 larvae matched archived mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences for darters occurring in the ecosystem. Larval darters were classified to genus with 100% accuracy using the ratio of pectoral fin length to body length; however, identification to species using morphometrics alone was subject to a misclassification rate of 11.8%, which can be resolved by considering pigmentation patterns. Gear-types varied considerably in their capture efficacy for larval darters; most Percina larvae were collected in drift nets. Larval Percina species appeared in the drift before Etheostoma species in both study years. Application of molecular genetic and phenotypic tools to larval fish identification can advance understanding of larval darter ecology.

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McPherson, Taryn D., Reehan S. Mirza, and Greg G. Pyle. "Responses of wild fishes to alarm chemicals in pristine and metal-contaminated lakes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-034.

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Responses of wild fish populations to alarm chemicals were examined in clean and metal-contaminated lakes in northern Ontario. Approximately 20 groups of three minnow traps were placed randomly in the littoral zone of each study lake. Within each minnow trap group, one trap was treated with a chemical alarm stimulus (Iowa darter (Etheostoma exile (Girard, 1859)) skin extract, prey-guild species, alarm cue present), one with swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri Heckel, 1848) skin extract (phylogenetically distant and allopatric from darters, alarm cue present but not recognized by darters), and one with distilled water (neutral control). Data included the identification and enumeration of fish captured in each trap after a 10-h set. Darters avoided areas labelled with the alarm stimulus relative to controls only in the clean lake; in contaminated lakes, darters did not avoid areas labelled with the alarm stimulus relative to controls. No effects of contamination on chemosensory function were observed for heterospecific non-darter prey-guild or predator-guild species. These findings suggest that chemical alarm systems do exist in nature, and that these systems appear to be affected by the presence of metals. Such pollution-related effects could lead to increased susceptibility of some fish species to predation and to population declines.

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MacGuigan, Daniel J., and Thomas J. Near. "Phylogenomic Signatures of Ancient Introgression in a Rogue Lineage of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae)." Systematic Biology 68, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy074.

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Abstract Evolutionary history is typically portrayed as a branching phylogenetic tree, yet not all evolution proceeds in a purely bifurcating manner. Introgressive hybridization is one process that results in reticulate evolution. Most known examples of genome-wide introgression occur among closely related species with relatively recent common ancestry; however, we present evidence for ancient hybridization and genome-wide introgression between major stem lineages of darters, a species-rich clade of North American freshwater fishes. Previous attempts to resolve the relationships of darters have been confounded by the uncertain phylogenetic resolution of the lineage Allohistium. In this study, we investigate the phylogenomics of darters, specifically the relationships of Allohistium, through analyses of approximately 30,000 RADseq loci sampled from 112 species. Our phylogenetic inferences are based on traditional approaches in combination with strategies that accommodate reticulate evolution. These analyses result in a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for darters that includes ancient introgression between Allohistium and other two major darter lineages, minimally occurring 20 million years ago. Darters offer a compelling case for the necessity of incorporating phylogenetic networks in reconstructing the evolutionary history of diversification in species-rich lineages. We anticipate that the growing wealth of genomic data for clades of non-model organisms will reveal more examples of ancient hybridization, eventually requiring a re-evaluation of how evolutionary history is visualized and utilized in macroevolutonary investigations.

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Sterling, Ken A., and Melvin L. Warren, Jr. "Description of a new species of cryptic snubnose darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) endemic to north-central Mississippi." PeerJ 8 (August 31, 2020): e9807. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9807.

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Many subclades within the large North American freshwater fish genus Etheostoma (Percidae) show brilliant male nuptial coloration during the spring spawning season. Traditionally, perceived differences in color were often used to diagnose closely related species. More recently, perceived differences in male nuptial color have prompted further investigation of potential biodiversity using genetic tools. However, cryptic diversity among Etheostoma darters renders male nuptial color as unreliable for detecting and describing diversity, which is foundational for research and conservation efforts of this group of stream fishes. Etheostoma raneyi (Yazoo Darter) is an imperiled, range-limited fish endemic to north-central Mississippi. Existing genetic evidence indicates cryptic diversity between disjunctly distributed E. raneyi from the Little Tallahatchie and Yocona river watersheds despite no obvious differences in male color between the two drainages. Analysis of morphological truss and geometric measurements and meristic and male color characters yielded quantitative differences in E. raneyi from the two drainages consistent with genetic evidence. Morphological divergence is best explained by differences in stream gradients between the two drainages. Etheostoma faulkneri, the Yoknapatawpha Darter, is described as a species under the unified species concept. The discovery of cryptic diversity within E. raneyi would likely not have occurred without genetic tools. Cryptic diversity among Etheostoma darters and other stream fishes is common, but an overreliance on traditional methods of species delimitation (e.g., identification of a readily observable physical character to diagnose a species) impedes a full accounting of the diversity in freshwater fishes in the southeastern United States.

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WILLIAMS, JAMES D., DAVID A. NEELY, STEPHEN J. WALSH, and NOEL M. BURKHEAD. "Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee." Zootaxa 1549, no. 1 (August 15, 2007): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1549.1.1.

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Three new species of Percina are described from upland drainages of the Mobile Basin. Two of the three species are narrowly distributed: P. kusha, the Bridled Darter, is currently known only from the Conasauga River drainage in Georgia and Tennessee and Etowah River drainage in Georgia, both tributaries of the Coosa River, and P. sipsi, the Bankhead Darter, which is restricted to tributaries of Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River in northwestern Alabama. The third species, P. smithvanizi, the Muscadine Darter, occurs above the Fall Line in the Tallapoosa River drainage in eastern Alabama and western Georgia. In a molecular analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, P. kusha and P. smithvanizi were recovered as sister species, while Percina sipsi was recovered in a clade consisting of P. aurolineata (P. sciera + P. sipsi). Two of the three species, P. kusha and P. sipsi, are considered to be imperiled species and are in need of conservation actions to prevent their extinction. Description of these three darters increases the number of described species of Percina to 44. Sixteen are known to occur in the Mobile Basin, including nine that are endemic.

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Gumm, Jennifer M., and Tamra C. Mendelson. "The evolution of multi-component visual signals in darters (genus Etheostoma)." Current Zoology 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/51.2.125.

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Abstract As complex traits evolve, each component of the trait may be under different selection pressures and could respond independently to distinct evolutionary forces. We used comparative methods to examine patterns of evolution in multiple components of a complex courtship signal in darters, specifically addressing the question of how nuptial coloration evolves across different areas of the body. Using spectral reflectance, we defined 4 broad color classes present on the body and fins of 17 species of freshwater fishes (genus Etheostoma) and quantified differences in hue within each color class. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that most color traits were expressed in the most recent common ancestor of sampled species and that differences among species are mostly due to losses in coloration. The evolutionary lability of coloration varied across body regions; we found significant phylogenetic signal for orange color on the body but not for most colors on fins. Finally, patterns of color evolution and hue of the colors were correlated among the two dorsal fins and between the anterior dorsal and anal fins, but not between any of the fins and the body. The observed patterns support the hypothesis that different components of complex signals may be subject to distinct evolutionary pressures, and suggests that the combination of behavioral displays and morphology in communication may have a strong influence on patterns of signal evolution.

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7

Gibson, A. K., and A. Mathis. "Opercular beat rate for rainbow darters Etheostoma caeruleum exposed to chemical stimuli from conspecific and heterospecific fishes." Journal of Fish Biology 69, no. 1 (July 2006): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01102.x.

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8

Sabaj, Mark H., Kevin S. Cummings, and Lawrence M. Page. "Annotated Catalog of Type Specimens in the Illinois Natural History Survey Fish Collection." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 35, no. 1-5 (October 31, 1997): 253–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v35.130.

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The Fish Collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) dates back to the late 1800s and the extensive surveys of Illinois fishes led by Dr. Stephen A. Forbes, director of the Survey's predecessor, the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History (ISLNH). From 1876 to 1903 Forbes, assisted by his esteemed colleague Robert E. Richardson and numerous field and laboratory personnel, collected and preserved over 200,000 specimens from more than 450 localities distributed in 93 of the 102 counties of Illinois. During this time, the ISLNH Collection served as the basis for several catalogs of Illinois fishes (Nelson 1876; Jordan 1878a; Forbes 1884; Large 1903), and provided material for the description of at least 25 species. This work culminated in the classic Fishes of Illinois written by Forbes and Richardson, published by the Survey in 1909 and reprinted in 1920 (although no publication date is given for the original volume, H.C. Oesterling, former INHS editor, lists the date as 1909 in Howard 1932:46). Accompanied by a separate atlas of distribution maps of 98 species, this comprehensive treatment of the state's ichthyofauna still is recognized as one of the finest publications on fishes. The INHS Fish Collection was expanded by Dr. Philip W. Smith, who worked as a systematic biologist at the Survey from 1942 until his retirement in 1979 (Burr and Page 1987). Over a period of 1 1 years from 1962 to 1972, Smith assembled a large collection of fishes from Illinois and neighboring states. The ichthyological surveys conducted by Smith, his students, and INHS staff led to the publication of a second Fishes of Illinois (Smith 1979). Smith's monograph provided identification keys, information on the ecology and taxonomy of Illinois fishes, and detailed distribution maps that documented changes in the state's fish fauna that had occurred since the survey of Forbes and Richardson. The size and geographic scope of the INHS collection have been considerably expanded in the past three decades; the collection now contains about 7 1 1 ,000 cataloged specimens (over 7 1 ,000 lots) of more than 1,800 species. A recent literature survey identified over 250 publications citing the use of INHS specimens over the past 40 years. Included are two publications that have greatly advanced both the professional and popular understanding of North American fishes: the Handbook of Darters (Page 1983) and A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico (Page and Burr 1991).

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Jude, David J., Robert H. Reider, and Gerald R. Smith. "Establishment of Gobiidae in the Great Lakes Basin." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-047.

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A tubenose goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus), a European endangered species native to the Black and Caspian seas, was recovered on 11 April 1990 from the travelling screens of the Belle River Power Plant located on the St. Clair River, Michigan. Subsequently, anglers caught three round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario. Thirty-one tubenose gobies and 11 round gobies were impinged or trawled at or near the Power Plant in the fall and winter of 1990–91. Nine round gobies (29–61 mm total length) are believed to be young-of-the-year. These species were probably transported to the Great Lakes in ballast water, may have successfully colonized the St. Clair River, and will probably spread throughout the Great Lakes. They are expected to impact directly other benthic fishes, such as sculpins (Cottus spp.), darters (Etheostoma spp.), and logperch (Percina caprodes), and in turn act as prey for walleye (Stizostedion vitreum).

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10

Strange, Rex Meade. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Johnny Darters (Pisces: Percidae) from Eastern Kentucky Supports Stream Capture for the Origin of Upper Cumberland River Fishes." American Midland Naturalist 140, no. 1 (July 1998): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0096:mdvijd]2.0.co;2.

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11

Freeman, M. C., M. K. Crawford, J. C. Barrett, D. E. Facey, M. G. Flood, J. Hill, D. J. Stouder, and G. D. Grossman. "Fish Assemblage Stability in a Southern Appalachian Stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-227.

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We monitored fish populations at three sites in a southern Appalachian stream system during a 40-mo study. Assemblages at two sites, consisting of four and five resident species, were persistent in terms of relative species abundances and production. This persistence was related to low variation in abundance of the two numerically dominant fishes, mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Less abundant residents, rosyside dace (Clinostomus funduloides), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and greenside darters (Etheostoma blennioides), displayed lower levels of persistence. We also observed pronounced annual variation in either young-of-the-year recruitment and/or subsequent year-class strength of four resident species, possibly resulting from a severe drought during the third year of study. Abundance and production of rosyside dace and trout were greatly affected by fluctuations in recruitment and year-class strength, suggesting that environmental variability strongly influenced these populations. Density-dependent mechanisms may have regulated sculpin and longnose dace populations. The three-species asssemblage at a third site also was persistent as a result of relatively stable sculpin and longnose dace populations, whereas the rainbow trout population fluctuated among years. We observed significant intersite differences in relative year-class strength in a given year and in population structures of sculpins and longnose dace, suggesting that spatial variation in habitat characteristics affected assemblage dynamics and responses to environmental fluctuations.

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Lang, Nicholas J. "Reproductive Biology and Early Life History of Fishes in the Ohio River Drainage, Volume 4: Percidae—Perch, Pikeperch, and Darters Thomas P. Simon, Robert Wallus . Reproductive Biology And Early Life History Of Fishes In The Ohio River Drainage, Volume 4: Percidae—Perch, Pikeperch, And Darters 2006. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida. 619 $159.95(hardcover)." Copeia 2007, no. 2 (May 2007): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[496:rbaelh]2.0.co;2.

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13

Burbank, Jacob, Mary Finch, D. Andrew R. Drake, and Michael Power. "Diet and isotopic niche of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida) near the northern edge of its range: a test of niche specificity." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 9 (September 2019): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0291.

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Niche specificity can predispose species to population declines during periods of resource limitation, yet trophic niche specificity is poorly known for many small-bodied freshwater fishes. Applying a two-tiered approach involving stomach content and stable isotope analyses, we examined the diet and trophic niche of the threatened eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida (Putnam, 1863)) and co-occurring fishes in the Thames River, Ontario, Canada. As with previous studies, stomach content analysis revealed that eastern sand darter consumed a variety of benthic organisms including Chironomidae, Cladocera, Ostracoda, Oligochaeta, and Ephemeroptera; however, proportional contributions of prey groups differed based on stable isotope analysis, highlighting the potential for seasonal variation in prey consumption. Despite evidence of a generalist strategy, stable isotope analysis indicated eastern sand darter exhibited a relatively narrow trophic niche relative to co-occurring fishes. Trophic niche overlap was relatively minor between eastern sand darter and drift-feeding fishes (spotfin shiner (Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope, 1867)), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque, 1818), and buffalo sp. (genus Ictiobus Rafinesque, 1820)), but was more evident between eastern sand darter and benthic and benthopelagic fishes (johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, 1820) and blackside darter (Percina maculata (Girard, 1859))), indicating that competition with these species may be more likely during periods of prey scarcity.

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Leitão, Rafael P., Érica P. Caramaschi, and Jansen Zuanon. "Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, Southeastern Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252007000300011.

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Following behavior is a widespread feeding tactic among marine fishes, but remains poorly documented for freshwater fishes. The present study describes such association between two freshwater species: the minute armored catfish Parotocinclus maculicauda and the South American darter Characidium sp. During underwater observations in an Atlantic Forest stream, we recorded Characidium sp. closely following P. maculicauda (<5cm), catching the particles dislodged by this catfish's grazing activity. The following behavior displayed by the darter is considered opportunistic and possibly favors the capture of preys associated to the periphyton. This study is one of the few records of nuclear-follower feeding association between freshwater fishes and the first one in Atlantic Forest streams.

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LeGuyader, John L. "Environmental Biology of Darters. Papers from a Symposium on the Comparative Behavior, Ecology, and Life Histories of Darters (Etheostomatini), Held During the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Ichtyologists and Herpetologists at DeKalb, illinois, U. S. A., June 14-15, 1982. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes, Volume 4. David G. Lindquist , Lawrence M. Page , Eugene K. Balon." Quarterly Review of Biology 60, no. 4 (December 1985): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/414656.

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Musselman, W. Chris, Thomas A. Worthington, Joshua Mouser, Desiree M. Williams, and Shannon K. Brewer. "Passive Integrated Transponder Tags: Review of Studies on Warmwater Fishes With Notes on Additional Species." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122016-jfwm-091.

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Abstract Although numerous studies have assessed retention and survival of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, data are scattered and information gaps remain for many diminutive fishes. Our study objectives were to 1) systematically review PIT tag studies and summarize retention, growth, and survival data for warmwater fishes; and 2) conduct a laboratory study to evaluate the retention, survival, and growth effects of intracoelomic-placed, half duplex PIT tags on six small-bodied species common to warmwater streams. Our systematic review suggested small sample sizes were common within PIT tag retention and survival studies (39% with n ≤ 20) and that many experiments (15%, 14 of 97) failed to use control fish as part of their evaluations. Studies focused primarily on short-term changes (15 d to 2 y) in tag retention and survival. Tag retention was equal to or greater than 90% in 85% of the experiments reviewed and median survival was 92%. Growth was reported by fishes in the majority of reviewed studies. We found similar results after PIT tagging (peritoneum tagging using 12- or 23-mm half duplex tags) adult Cardinal Shiner Luxilus cardinalis, Central Stoneroller Campostoma annomalum, Greenside Darter Etheostoma blennioides, Orangethroat Darter Etheostoma spectabile, Slender Madtom Noturus exilis, and juvenile Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. Tag retention for all species was high, with only one tag loss recorded after 60 d. Survival was also high (≥88%) for all of our species with the exception of Orangethroat Darter (56% survival). No significant difference in mean growth between treatment and control groups was found. Both our results and the findings of the literature review suggested generally high tag retention and low mortality in tagged fishes (across 31 species reviewed). However, within our study (e.g., Orangethroat Darter) and from the literature, examples of negative effects of PIT tagging on fishes were apparent, suggesting methodological testing is prudent before using PIT tags in field studies. We suggest future studies would benefit from addressing the behavioral implications that may be associated with tagging and examination of longer-term tag retention. Furthermore, standard reporting (i.e., sample sizes) in PIT tag studies would be beneficial, and use of control subjects or groups for statistical comparisons is needed.

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CARLSON, ROSE L., and PETER C. WAINWRIGHT. "The ecological morphology of darter fishes (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100, no. 1 (April 20, 2010): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01417.x.

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Perschbacher, Peter W., and Frank J. Schwartz. "The Marked Goby (Ctenobgobius stigmaticus): A Rare North Carolina Fish Enigma." Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 130, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/2167-5880-130.1.1.

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Abstract The marked goby (Ctenogobius stigmaticus Poey, 1860) is a diminutive, uncommon, tropical-subtropical Atlantic fish. It is considered rare in North Carolina. It has been confused in the past with the similar darter goby (Ctenogobius boleosoma Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) and considered common in North Carolina. Recently, some of the confusion has been eliminated and characters to separate these two similar gobies identified. These characters were used to determine that six specimens were collected and cataloged from the state (one is missing, but a photograph has the marked goby coloration). Examining the remaining five, it became obvious that only one is C. stigmaticus. The four others are presumably the darter goby, as anal fin ray counts (which presumably was used to separate them) may overlap. Differences in head shape, maxillary length relative to eye, and the presence of tusks in C. stigmaticus compared to the darter goby could be considered in future keys. Color patterns are also strikingly different in specimens where color still exists. Unfortunately, the four specimens in question lack clear color patterns after preservation. Thus, only two specimens of the marked goby from North Carolina are known. Fortunately, these specimens were captured with substantial environmental data during the most intensive inshore aquatic survey of fishes and macroinvertebrates in the state: daily sampling from March to November 1968–1977 with varied gear in the lower Cape Fear River and adjacent ocean. The range of the marked goby thus extends from SE North Carolina to the border of Brazil and Uruguay, roughly 34 N to 34 S. All specimens have been taken in large lagoons or estuarine bays, in shallow to intertidal waters, on muddy-sand bottoms, and in moderate salinities. The difficulty in sampling these small (≤80 mm TL), slender fishes may also contribute to their scarcity and lack of knowledge.

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Freeman, Mary, Duncan Elkins, Peter Maholland, Zachary Butler, Maxwell Kleinhans, Jonathon Skaggs, Edward Stowe, Carrie Straight, and Seth Wenger. "Slow Recovery of Headwater-Stream Fishes Following a Catastrophic Poisoning Event." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-080.

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Abstract Accidental spills of chemicals and other pollutants can decimate populations of stream-dwelling species. Recovery from such accidents can be relatively fast and complete when the affected stream reaches can be recolonized from upstream and downstream sources. However, faunal recoveries from accidental spills that extirpate populations from entire headwater streams have not been extensively documented, and understanding resilience of headwater-stream biota is relevant for assessing threats to at-risk species. We assessed recovery of fish populations in a 5.7-km-long headwater stream in the southeastern United States following a complete, or nearly complete, fish-kill caused by a chemical spill near the source of the stream. We sampled for fishes at five stream locations, two downstream and three upstream from a perched, culverted road-crossing located 2.4 km upstream from the stream mouth, over a period of 18.5 mo following the poisoning event. We observed 11 fish species, representing ≤65% of the fish species expected based on occurrences in nearby tributary streams. In postpoisoning sampling, only three of these taxa were observed upstream of the culvert; all 11 species, including the federally threatened Cherokee Darter Etheostoma scotti, were found downstream of the culvert but were mostly represented by a few, large individuals. In contrast, dead individuals of at least eight taxa including the Cherokee Darter were observed upstream of the culvert at the time of the fish-kill. These observations provide evidence of slow recovery of a headwater fish fauna, and especially upstream of a barrier to fish movement, where the recolonization sources are primarily downstream. Additional case studies may reveal whether this result applies generally to headwater streams. Slow recovery could make species that primarily inhabit or maintain greatest abundances in headwaters, including multiple at-risk fishes, particularly vulnerable to the threat of accidental spills that result in local population extirpation.

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McBaine, Kathryn E., Eric M. Hallerman, and Paul L. Angermeier. "Direct and Molecular Observation of Movement and Reproduction by Candy Darter, Etheostoma osburni, an Endangered Benthic Stream Fish in Virginia, USA." Fishes 7, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010030.

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Direct and indirect measures of individual movement provide valuable knowledge regarding a species’ resiliency to environmental change. Information on patterns of movement can inform species management and conservation but is lacking for many imperiled fishes. The Candy Darter, Etheostoma osburni, is an endangered stream fish with a dramatically reduced distribution in Virginia in the eastern United States, now known from only four isolated populations. We used visual implant elastomer tags and microsatellite DNA markers to directly describe movement patterns in two populations. Parentage analysis based on parent-offspring pairs was used to infer movement patterns of young-of-year and age-1 individuals, as well as the reproductive contribution of certain adults. Direct measurements of movement distances were generally similar between methods, but microsatellite markers revealed greater distances moved, commensurate with greater spatial frames sampled. Parent-offspring pairs were found throughout the species’ 18.8-km distribution in Stony Creek, while most parent-offspring pairs were in 2 km of the 4.25-km distribution in Laurel Creek. Sibship reconstruction allowed us to characterize the mating system and number of spawning years for adults. Our results provide the first measures of movement patterns of Candy Darter as well as the spatial distribution of parent-offspring pairs, which may be useful for selecting collection sites in source populations to be used for translocation or reintroductions. Our results highlight the importance of documenting species movement patterns and spatial distributions of related individuals as steps toward understanding population dynamics and informing translocation strategies. We also demonstrate that the reproductive longevity of this species is greater than previously described, which may be the case for other small stream fishes.

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Ensign, William E., Paul L. Angermeier, and C. Andrew Dolloff. "Use of line transect methods to estimate abundance of benthic stream fishes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-021.

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Visual estimation of stream salmonid abundance using strip transect sighting models has become commonplace. Application of visual estimation to other stream fishes, particularly benthic forms, has been limited. Examination of the distribution of sighting distances for the Roanoke darter (Percina roanoka), Roanoke logperch (P. rex), and black jumprock (Moxostoma cervinum) indicates that strip transect sighting models that assume probability of sighting remaining constant out to the limits of observer visibility are not appropriate for these benthic species. Our datasets indicate that distance sampling models that assume decreased sighting probability with increasing distance of the target from the observer provide a reasonable alternative to strip transect sighting models. There was a strong positive correlation between abundance estimates calculated using two alternative distance sampling models, as well as between the distance sampling model estimates and an estimate of abundance obtained with a backpack electroshocker.

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Carlson, Rose L., and George V. Lauder. "Living on the bottom: Kinematics of benthic station-holding in darter fishes (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)." Journal of Morphology 271, no. 1 (July 21, 2009): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10776.

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23

Brazner, John C., Danny K. Tanner, Naomi E. Detenbeck, Sharon L. Batterman, Stacey L. Stark, Leslie A. Jagger, and Virginia M. Snarski. "Regional, watershed, and site-specific environmental influences on fish assemblage structure and function in western Lake Superior tributaries." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-031.

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The relative importance of regional, watershed, and in-stream environmental factors on fish assemblage structure and function was investigated in western Lake Superior tributaries. We selected 48 second- and third-order watersheds from two hydrogeomorphic regions to examine fish assemblage response to differences in forest fragmentation, watershed storage, and a number of other watershed, riparian, and in-stream habitat conditions. Although a variety of regional, fragmentation, and storage-related factors had significant influences on the fish assemblages, water temperature appeared to be the single most important environmental factor. We found lower water temperatures and troutsculpin assemblages at lower fragmentation sites and higher temperatures and minnowsuckerdarter assemblages as storage increased. Factors related to riparian shading and flow separated brook trout streams from brown trout (Salmo trutta) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) streams. Functionally, fish assemblages at lower fragmentation sites were dominated by cold-water fishes that had low silt tolerance and preferred moderate current speeds, while fishes with higher silt tolerances, warmer temperature preferences, and weaker sustained swimming capabilities were most common at higher storage sites. Our results suggest that site-specific environmental conditions are highly dependent on regional- and watershed-scale characters and that a combination of these factors operates in concert to influence the structure and function of stream fish assemblages.

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Lyons, John. "Changes in the abundance of small littoral-zone fishes in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 2910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-412.

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Since 1900, major changes have occurred in the assemblage of small littoral-zone fishes (maximum total length < 150 mm; usually encountered in the nearshore area) that inhabits Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. A diverse assemblage that included several environmentally sensitive species has been replaced by an assemblage dominated by a single species, the brook silverside (Labidesthes sicculus), whose abundance fluctuates dramatically from year to year. Between 1900 and 1981, eight species, the pugnose shiner (Notropis anogenus), common shiner (Notropis cornutus), blackchin shiner (Notropis heterodon), blacknose shiner (Notropis heterolepis), tadpole madtom (Noturus gyrinus), banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus), blackstripe topminnow (Fundulus notatus), and fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare), disappeared from the lake. The blackchin shiner and banded killifish were the most abundant small littoral-zone species in 1914–1916, and remained common until the late 1960's. Their decline was associated with the invasion and explosive increase in abundance of an exotic macrophyte, the Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), in the mid-1960's. The decline and disappearance of the blackchin shiner and banded killifish in three other Wisconsin lakes was also associated with the invasion of Eurasian water milfoil. Changes in the assemblage of small littoral-zone fishes in Lake Mendota indicate environmental degradation in the nearshore area, and may have important implications for the entire fish community of the lake.

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Chapleau, François, and J. Andrew Cooper. "Variation in the preoperculomandibular canal of the johnny darter, Etheostoma nigrum, with associated zoogeographical considerations." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-310.

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A total of 1267 specimens (from 87 stations) of the johnny darter, Etheostoma nigrum, were studied to examine the geographic variation in the numbers of pores on the preoperculomandibular canal. The pore count is bimodal for the total sample. These modes correspond to distinct geographic regions. Fishes from northern Ontario (west and north of Lake Nipigon), Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan usually have 7 or fewer pores (mode = 6). Populations from northern Ontario (east and south of Lake Nipigon), southern Ontario, Quebec, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Maryland, Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and the Lower Peninsula of Michigan have 8 or more pores (mode = 9). The differentiation between morphs predates their present distribution and the morphs probably occupied distinct geographic areas within the Mississippi refugium during the last glaciation. Etheostoma nigrum dispersed north, following two postglacial routes: (i) via the Mississippi River to Lake Agassiz (12 800 years BP) then eastward to the Hudson Bay and James Bay drainages via Lake Barlow–Ojibway (9500 years BP), and (ii) via a northeastern spread from the Great Lakes and Ohio River drainages to the St. Lawrence River and Ottawa River drainages (12 000 years BP).

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Holcomb, Kathryn M., Paul Schueller, Howard L. Jelks, John R. Knight, and Micheal S. Allen. "Use of Strong Habitat–Abundance Relationships in Assessing Population Status of Cryptic Fishes: An Example Using the Harlequin Darter." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 149, no. 3 (April 29, 2020): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10231.

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Knouft, J. H., L. M. Page, and M. J. Plewa. "Antimicrobial egg cleaning by the fringed darter (Perciformes: Percidae:Etheostoma crossopterum): implications of a novel component of parental care in fishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 270, no. 1531 (November 22, 2003): 2405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2501.

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Adams, Catherine M., Dana L. Winkelman, Paula A. Schaffer, Daniel L. Villeneuve, Jenna E. Cavallin, Michael Ellman, Kelvin Santana Rodriguez, and Ryan M. Fitzpatrick. "Elevated Winter Stream Temperatures below Wastewater Treatment Plants Shift Reproductive Development of Female Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum: A Field and Histologic Approach." Fishes 7, no. 6 (November 29, 2022): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060361.

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River water temperatures are increasing globally, particularly in urban systems. In winter, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent inputs are of particular concern because they increase water temperatures from near freezing to ~7–15 °C. Recent laboratory studies suggest that warm overwinter temperatures impact the reproductive timing of some fishes. To evaluate winter water temperature’s influence in the wild, we sampled Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum from three urban South Platte River tributaries in Colorado upstream and downstream of WWTP effluent discharge sites. Fish were collected weekly during the spring spawning season of 2021 and reproductive development was determined from histological analysis of the gonads. Winter water temperatures were approximately 5–10 °C greater ~300 m downstream of the WWTP effluent compared to upstream sites, and approximately 3 °C warmer at sampling sites ~5000 m downstream of the effluent discharge. Females collected downstream of WWTP effluent experienced accelerated reproductive development compared to upstream by 1–2 weeks. Water quality, including total estrogenicity, and spring water temperatures did not appear to explain varying reproductive development. It appears that small increases in winter water temperature influence the reproductive timing in E. nigrum. Further investigations into how shifts in reproductive timing influence other population dynamics are warranted.

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Chopra, Girish, Anil K. Tyor, Seema Kumari, and Deepak Rai. "Status and conservation of avian fauna of Sultanpur National Park Gurgaon, Haryana (India)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i2.251.

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The present study was conducted in Sultanpur National Park Gurgaon, Haryana (India) from February, 2011 to January, 2012 to analyze the avian diversity along with its status and abundance. During the study period, a total of 113 species of birds belonging to 14 orders, 35 families and 80 genera were identified. Maximum 41 species belonging to 12 families of order Passeriformes represented 36.28% of the total identified avian fauna while Podicipediformes and Strigiformes were the least represented avian orders (0.88%) with one species each,namely, Little Grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis and Spotted Owlet, Athene brama respectively. Out of total reported 113 species, 64 were ‘resident’ species and 49 were ‘migrant’ species. Most of the migratory species were winter visitors except Red throated flycatcher, Ficedula parva; Orange Headed Thrush, Zoothera citrine and Eurasian Golden Oriole, Oriolus oriolus which were summer visitors. In all, 42 species were ‘common’, 33 species were ‘uncommon’ and 38 species were ‘occasional’ bird species. Based on sighting, White Breasted Kingfisher, Halcyonsmyrnensis; White Breasted Water Hen, Amaurornis phoenicurus; Common Moorhen, Gallinule chloropus; Black Wing Stilt, Himantopus himantopus; Red Wattled lapwing, Vanellus indicus; Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis and Indian Pond Heron, Ardeola grayii were common wetland bird species of Sultanpur National Park while Pied king fisher, Ceryle rudis and Coppersmith Barbet, Megalaima haemacephala were ‘rarely sighted’ bird species. During the study period, 7 ‘globally threatened’ species, namely, Painted Stork, Mycteria leucocephala; Black neck Stork, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus; Black headed Ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus; Darter, Anhinga melanogaster; Pacific Reef Egret, Egretta sacra; Sarus Crane, Grus antigone alongwith Hogson bushchat, Saxicola insignis were also recorded from the study area.

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Kist, Emma, and Jeff Kovatch. "A comparative analysis of the metabolism and energetics of darters (percidae)." Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science 88, no. 1 (July 26, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v88i1.43.

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Ecological niche theory suggests that, because closely related species cannot coexist in the same ecological niche, subtle differences exist among species that appear to cohabitate. Metabolic rate can explain variations that potentially enable species coexistence. This study evaluated the coexistence of highly sympatric darter fishes by examining interspecific variation in metabolism and behavior.Intermittent-flow respirometry measured oxygen consumption rate of greenside (Etheostoma blennioides) and variegate (E. variatum) darters over 48 h, and activity was analyzed using time-lapse videos. E. blennioides had a significantly greater mean metabolic rate (p=0.0006; 154.64 ± SE 52.54 mg O2·kg-1·hr-1; n=14) than E. variatum (92.51 ± SE 32.70 mg O2·kg-1·hr-1; n=15). The greenside darter’s metabolic rate oscillated more over time, whereas the metabolic rate of the variegate darter decreased. The greenside darter had consistently elevated activity compare to the variegate darter, but was not significantly different over time (p=0.5173), while the variegate darter’s activity was significantly different over time (p=0.0004). The results suggest that the greenside darter is a bolder and more active species than the variegate darter, which exhibited more reserved activity. These physiological and behavioral differences discovered between the greenside and variegate darters could potentially facilitate their coexistence. Therefore, it is a hope that these novel findings for two closely related darter species will lead to future research on darter physiological ecology.

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Barson, M., and B. E. Marshall. "First record of Contracaecum spp. (Nematoda : Anisakidae) in fish-eating birds from Zimbabwe." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 75, no. 2 (June 19, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v75i2.456.

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Endoparasites of fish-eating birds, Phalacrocorax africanus, P. carbo, Anhinga melanogaster and Ardea cinerea collected from Lake Chivero near Harare, Zimbabwe, were investigated. Adult Contracaecum spp. were found in the gastrointestinal tract (prevalence 100% in P. africanus, P. carbo and A. melanogaster; 25 % in A. cinerea). Parasite intensity was 11-24 (mean 19) in P. africanus, 4-10 (mean 7) in P. carbo, 4-56 (mean 30) in A. melanogaster and 2 (mean 0.5) in A. cinerea. The cormorants fed mainly on cichlid fishes and carp; the darters and the grey herons on cichlids. All these fishes are intermediate hosts of Contracaecum spp. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Contracaecum rudolphii infected both cormorant species and darters; C. carlislei infected only the cormorants while C. tricuspis and C. microcephalum infected only the darters. Parasites from the grey heron were not identified to species because they were still developing larvae. These parasites are recorded in Zimbabwe for the first time.

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"Behavioural responses to alarm cues by free-ranging rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum)." Behaviour 146, no. 11 (2009): 1565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853909x450140.

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AbstractResponses of fishes to chemical alarm cues have been well-documented in the laboratory, but relatively few taxa have been tested under free-ranging conditions in natural habitats. While snorkeling in a stream, we exposed rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) to skin extracts from conspecifics (alarm cue), skin extracts from heterospecifics (no alarm cue) and a blank control. Darters showed a significantly longer latency to move ('freezing') in the presence of the alarm cue relative to the other two stimuli. These results indicate that rainbow darters can detect chemical alarm cues under natural conditions and respond with appropriate antipredator behaviour.

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Roberts, Natalie S., and Tamra C. Mendelson. "Identifying female phenotypes that promote behavioral isolation in a sexually dimorphic species of fish (Etheostoma zonale)." Current Zoology, December 14, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa054.

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Abstract In sexually dimorphic species characterized by exaggerated male ornamentation, behavioral isolation is often attributed to female preferences for conspecific male signals. Yet, in a number of sexually dimorphic species, male mate choice also results in behavioral isolation. In many of these cases, the female traits that mediate species boundaries are unclear. Females in sexually dimorphic species typically lack many of the elaborate traits that are present in males and that are often used for taxonomic classification of species. In a diverse and largely sexually dimorphic group of fishes called darters (Percidae: Etheostoma), male mate choice contributes to behavioral isolation between a number of species; however, studies addressing which female traits males prefer are lacking. In this study, we identified the dominant female pattern for two sympatric species, Etheostoma zonale and Etheostoma barrenense, using pattern energy analysis, and we used discriminate function analysis to identify which aspects of female patterning can reliably classify species. We then tested the role of female features in male mate choice for E. zonale, by measuring male preference for computer animations displaying the identified (species-specific) conspecific features. We found that the region above the lateral line is important in mediating male mate preferences, with males spending a significantly greater proportion of time with animations exhibiting conspecific female patterning in this region than with animations exhibiting heterospecific female patterning. Our results suggest that the aspects of female phenotypes that are the target of male mate choice are different from the conspicuous male phenotypes that traditionally characterize species.

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McAllister, Keith, D. Andrew R. Drake, and Michael Power. "Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) impacts on benthic fish communities in two tributaries of the Great Lakes." Biological Invasions, May 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02816-4.

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AbstractNumerous fish species in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been negatively impacted by the establishment of the invasive Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus). However, limited understanding exists as to how Round Goby has impacted small-bodied native benthic fishes after its secondary invasion into tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes. To investigate Round Goby impacts on darter species (family Percidae) in tributary ecosystems, catch per unit area (CPUA) of native and non-native fishes from two riverine ecosystems in Southwestern Ontario (Ausable River, Big Otter Creek) were analyzed. Spatial analyses indicated Round Goby CPUA was highest proximate to the Great Lakes, with a sharp decline in CPUA at sites upstream from each lake (Round Goby CPUA approached zero after 18 and 14 km in the Ausable River and Big Otter Creek, respectively). There was some evidence of a negative relationship between the CPUA of Round Goby and several darter species along the tributary gradients, with moderately negative co-occurrence between Round Goby and Rainbow Darter in the Ausable River and Johnny Darter and Percidae species overall in Big Otter Creek. However, overwhelming evidence of negative associations between Round Goby and all darter species was not found. The negative relationship between the CPUA of Round Goby and some darter species was observed over similar time periods since establishment but greater spatial scales than in previous studies, and therefore has important implications for understanding the ecological impacts of Round Goby in tributary ecosystems.

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"Reproductive Biology and Early Life History of Fishes in the Ohio River Drainage. Volume 4: Percidae—Perch, Pikeperch, and Darters. By Thomas P Simon and , Robert Wallus. Boca Raton (Florida): CRC Press. $159.95. xxviii + 619 p; ill.; no index. ISBN: 0–8493–1920–X. 2006." Quarterly Review of Biology 81, no. 4 (December 2006): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/511595.

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Goodwin, M. R., and J. H. Arbour. "Darter fishes exhibit variable intraspecific head shape allometry and modularity." Anatomical Record, September 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.25088.

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Firth, Britney L., D. Andrew R. Drake, and Michael Power. "Seasonal and environmental effects on upper thermal limits of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida)." Conservation Physiology 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coab057.

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Abstract Anthropogenic stressors are predicted to increase water temperature, which can influence physiological, individual, and population processes in fishes. We assessed the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida), a small benthic fish listed as threatened under the Species at Risk Act in Canada. Field trials were conducted stream side June–November 2019 in the Grand River, Ontario, to encompass a range of ambient water temperatures (7–25°C) for which agitation temperature (Tag) and CTmax were determined. Additional measures were taken in the comparatively more turbid Thames River to test the effect of turbidity on both measures. In the Grand, Tag and CTmax ranged from 23°C to 33°C and 27°C to 37°C, respectively, and both significantly increased with ambient water temperature, with a high acclimation response ratio (0.49). The thermal safety margin (difference between ambient temperatures and CTmax) was smallest in July and August (~11°C) indicating that eastern sand darter lives closer to its physiological limit in summer. The between-river comparison indicated that turbidity had no significant influence on Tag and CTmax. Comparison of CTmax with in-river temperatures suggested that mean stream temperature 24 hours before the trial was most important for determining CTmax. Fish mass, temperature variance and maximum temperature in the 24-hour period prior to the CTmax trial were also shown to have some effect on determining CTmax. Overall, study results better define the sensitivity of eastern sand darter to temperature changes across the growing season and provide information to assess the availability of suitable thermal habitat for conservation purposes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Darters (Fishes)'

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