Journal articles on the topic 'Darwin District'

This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service delivery in Zimbabwe’s rural areas from 2009 to 2012. The approach was launched in response to the Alma-Alta Declaration in 1978 which sought to end the inequalities in health care provision around the globe and was first adopted and implemented in 1982 in Zimbabwe. The approach almost collapsed due to the economic meltdown in the past decade but the period 2009 to 2013 marked a new economic paradigm in Zimbabwe which saw the economy being dollarized which subsequently led to the revival and the resuscitation of the health sector. It is therefore to explore the progress and the dynamics surrounding the implementation of the PHC at Mt Darwin Hospital in light of the dollarized economy. The study explores the dynamics surrounding the implementation of PHC at Mt Darwin District Hospital by particular attention to the following key elements: promotion of nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, treatment of common diseases and provision of essential drugs. Qualitative techniques such as face to face interviews with key informants and documentary research were used to generate data. The research findings revealed that PHC is a powerful tool in delivering health services in Mt Darwin. However, lack of material, financial and human resources have hindered the proper implementation of the PHC approach in Mt Darwin district. The study recommends multi sectoral collaboration in solving health related issues.

ID (‘intelligent design’) is not science, but a form of creationism; both are very different from the simple theological proposition that a divine Creator is responsible for the natural patterns and processes of the Universe. Its current version maintains that a ‘Designer’ must intervene miraculously to accomplish certain natural scientific events. The verdict in the 2005 case Kitzmiller, et al. v. Dover School District, et al. (in Harrisburg, PA, U.S.A.) was a landmark of American jurisprudence that prohibited the teaching of ID as science, identified it as religiously based, and forbade long-refuted ‘criticisms of evolution’ from introduction into public school classes. Much of the science of the trial was based on biochemistry; biochemists and other scientists have several important opportunities to improve scientific literacy and science education in American public schools (‘state schools’) by working with teachers, curriculum developers and textbook writers.

ObjectivesWHO recommended strengthening the linkages between various HIV prevention programmes and adolescent sexual reproductive health (ASRH) services. The Smart-LyncAges project piloted in Bulawayo city and Mt Darwin district of Zimbabwe established a referral system to link the voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) clients to ASRH services provided at youth centres. Since its inception in 2016, there has been no assessment of the performance of the referral system. Thus, we aimed to assess the proportion of young (10–24 years) VMMC clients getting ‘successfully linked’ to ASRH services and factors associated with ‘not being linked’.DesignThis was a cohort study using routinely collected secondary data.SettingAll three VMMC clinics of Mt Darwin district and Bulawayo province.Primary outcome measuresThe proportion of ‘successfully linked’ was summarised as the percentage with a 95% CI. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) using a generalised linear model was calculated as a measure of association between client characteristics and ‘not being linked’.ResultsOf 1773 young people registered for VMMC services, 1478 (83%) were referred for ASRH services as they had not registered for ASRH previously. Of those referred for ASRH services, the mean (SD) age of study participants was 13.7 (4.3) years and 427 (28.9%) were out of school. Of the referred, 463 (31.3%, 95% CI: 30.0 to 33.8) were ‘successfully linked’ to ASRH services and the median (IQR) duration for linkage was 6 (0–56) days. On adjusted analysis, receiving referral from Bulawayo circumcision clinic (aRR: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3 to 1.7)) and undergoing circumcision at outreach sites (aRR: 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1 to 1.3)) were associated with ‘not being linked’ to ASRH services.ConclusionLinkage to ASRH services from VMMC is feasible as one-third VMMC clients were successfully linked. However, there is need to explore reasons for not accessing ASRH services and take corrective actions to improve the linkages.

The study investigated the influence of parents on pupils’ conflict responses at Tangenhamo secondary school basing on the Social interdependence theory and Lederach’s Moral Imagination theory using the case study method. Parents directly intervene in pupils’ conflict and can indirectly influence gender considerations, religion and the extended family interrelationship matrix. The peer influence of adolescence is extensively divorced from parents’ factor. Although parents shape gender and religion considerations, individual pupils use them to shape future conflict responses independent to parents. Diversity in factors influencing conflict responses is becoming more pronounced due to media influence and the guidance and counselling offered in schools and the researchers recommend a more diverse conflict resolution partnership including parents in shaping conflict responses of pupils at school. The researchers believe that collaboration between parents and teachers can bring about peace oriented conflict responses in school.

AbstractPauladamsite (IMA2015-005), Cu4(SeO3)(SO4)(OH)4·2H2O, is a new mineral from the Santa Rosa mine, Darwin district, Inyo County, California, USA, where it occurs as a secondary oxidation-zone mineral in association with brochantite, chalcanthite, gypsum, ktenasite, mimetite, schulenbergite and smithsonite on limonitic gossan. Pauladamsite forms green, multiply twinned blades up to 0.5 mm long grouped in radial sprays. The streak is pale green. Crystals are transparent and have vitreous to silky lustre. The Mohs hardness is ∼2, the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular and crystals exhibit one perfect cleavage on [001]. The calculated density is 3.535 g/cm3. Electron microprobe analyses provided: CuO 48.96, ZnO 3.56, SeO2 18.82, SO3 13.90, H2O 13.29 (calc.), total 98.53 wt.%. The empirical formula (based on 13 O apfu) is: (Cu3.55Zn0.25)∑3.80Se0.98SO13H8.50. Pauladamsite is triclinic, P1, a = 6.0742(7), b = 8.4147(11), c = 10.7798 (15) Å, α = 103.665(7), β = 95.224(7), γ = 90.004(6)°, V = 533.03(12) Å3 and Z = 2. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å(I)(hkl)]: 10.5(46)(011); 3.245(100)(001); 5.81(50)(011); 2.743(49)(112); 3.994(67)(012); 3.431(23)(1̄12,1̄2̄1,1̄20); 2.692(57)(03̄2,1̄22,2̄1̄2); and 2.485(39)(21̄2,1̄3̄2,02̄4). The structure of pauladamsite (R1 = 10.6% for 2086 Fo > 4σF) contains Cu2+O6 octahedra, SO4 tetrahedra and Se4+O3 pyramids. There are four different CuO6 octahedra, each of which exhibits typical Jahn-Teller distortion, with four short equatorial Cu–O bonds and two much longer apical Cu–O bonds. The CuO6 octahedra share edges to form five-octahedra-wide bands extending along [100]. Adjacent bands are connected in the [011̄] direction by bridging SO4 tetrahedra and in the [011] direction by bridging Se4+O3 pyramids, thereby forming a framework.

The effects of four wet season supplementation regimes on the pregnancy rates, mortality and liveweight of 870 Brahman x Shorthorn cross cattle (cows, bulls, heifers and steers) were investigated on Mt Bundey Station from 1980 to 1984. Treatments imposed were (i) Control (no wet season supplement), (ii) Mineral (supplementation with 13 minerals during the wet season), (iii) +Protein (the same minerals plus non-protein nitrogen and protein over the wet season), and (iv) Strategic (consecutive use of salt, mineral and non-protein nitrogen/protein supplements over the early wet, mid wet and late wet season periods respectively). Each treatment was replicated twice and all received a dry season supplement of non-protein nitrogen plus minerals while stocked at one breeder to 14 ha on native pasture. The pregnancy rate of lactating cows in the +Protein regime in 1982 was 77% compared with 60% for the other three regimes (P<0.05). The pregnancy rates in 1983 for both the +Protein (57%) and Strategic (54%) regimes were higher (P<0.05) than the Control (40%) and Mineral (31%) regimes. Mortality rates of breeders and heifers ranged from 2 to 5% in the Mineral, +Protein and Strategic regimes, compared with 8% (1982) and 12% (1983) (P<0.05) in the Control groups. Post pregnancy diagnosis losses were 8% in the +Protein regime compared with 16% in the other regimes (P<0.05). Breeders were 25 to 30 kg heavier in the +Protein than in Control regimes (P<0.05). Liveweight gain of steers in the +Protein regime was 11 to 31% higher than the other three regimes in two of the three steer drafts. Calf weight per breeder in the +Protein treatment was 55% higher in 1983 and 44% higher in 1984 than the other three regimes. It is concluded that wet season supplementation with non-protein nitrogen/protein and minerals has the potential to substantially increase herd productivity in the monsoonal tallgrass region. The response to the wet season +Protein regime, and the absence of a similar response to the Mineral regime, despite a phosphorus, sodium and sulphur deficiency in the pasture, was attributed to an overriding nitrogen requirement. Other factors affecting herd productivity were, paddock variability which was attributed to variation in the proportion of upland compared with floodplain/riparian land units in each paddock and seasonal differences related to the length of the preceding dry season.

Earlier this year, I received a small grant from the Edinburgh University Development Trust Fund to determine the feasibility of formulating a major research project exploring the religious dimensions within the recent land resettlement programme in Zimbabwe. Since spirit mediums had played such an important role in the first Shona uprising in 1896–97 against colonial occu¬pation (the so-called First Chimurenga) (Parsons, 1985: 50-51) and again in the war of liberation between 1972 and 1979 (the Second Chimurenga) (Lan, 1985), I suspected that these central points of contact between the spirit world and the living communities would be affecting the sometimes militant invasions of white commercial farms that began sporadically in 1998, but became systematic after the constitutional referendum of February 2000. Under the terms of the grant, I went with my colleague, Tabona Shoko of the University of Zimbabwe, in July and August 2004, to two regions of Zimbabwe: Mount Darwin in the northeast, where recent activities by war veterans and spirit mediums had been reported, and to the Mberengwa District, where land resettlement programmes have been widespread. This article reports on my preliminary findings in Mount Darwin, where I sought to determine if evidence could be found to link the role of Traditional Religion, particularly through spirit mediums, to the current land redistribution programme, and, if so, whether increasing levels of political intolerance within Zimbabwean society could be blamed, in part at least, on these customary beliefs and practices

Background The study aimed to examine the trends in notification and testing for genital gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in the Darwin Remote District of Northern Territory, Australia, between 2004 and 2008. Methods: Using laboratory testing data and notification data, we calculated the annual sex- and age-specific notification rates, testing rates and positivity rates, and examined their trends. A deterministic matching method was used to identify unique individuals tested in order to estimate the number of years out of five in which each individual was tested. The correlation between testing rates and notification rates was calculated. Results: The notification rates for the 15–24 year age group increased sharply from 2004 to 2005, and then trended downwards between 2005 and 2008, with a decrease of 48.2% in females and 59.9% in males. No evident trends were found in testing rates. The positivity rates for this age group decreased by 46.3% in females (from 8.9% to 4.8%), and by 70.4% in males (from 10.8% to 3.2%) between 2004 and 2008. Over 76% of the population in this age-group had been tested at least once during the study period. A moderate correlation was found between notification rates and testing rates in both sexes. Conclusions: There was a significant decreasing trend in the notification rate of gonorrhoea between 2005 and 2008, which was most probably due to a decrease in prevalence. This study demonstrates the importance and utility of population-level testing data in understanding the epidemiology of common bacterial sexually transmissible infections such as gonorrhoea.

Andaliman adalah tumbuhan yang khas dijumpai di Sumatera Utara dan hanya dikenal untuk masakan Batak serta tumbuh secara liar. Saat ini dikhawatirkan akan menjadi punah karena mengalami penurunan jumlah individu (tidak ada upaya membudidayakan). Diversitas genetik suatu tumbuhan sangat penting karena akan mempengaruhi eksistensinya di alam dan diperlukan untuk program pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengklarifikasi keragaman genetik populasi andaliman Sumatera Utara. Sebanyak 30 aksesi andaliman dari berbagai ketinggian yang digunakan berasal dari 3 populasi yaitu dari Kabupaten Dairi, Tanah Karo dan Simalungun. Analisis molekuler RAPD dilakukan dengan menggunakan 10 primer acak. Kesepuluh primer tersebut menghasilkan 50 pola pita DNA, dengan tingkat polimorfisme mencapai 90 %. Selanjutnya koefisien keragaman genetik dan dendogram filogenetik diperoleh menggunakan software Darwin 6.0 dan GenAlEx 6.502. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa 30 aksesi andaliman tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok. Dalam setiap kelompok terdapat aksesi andaliman yang berasal dari tiga kabupaten tersebut dan dari ketinggian yang berbeda, artinya setiap aksesi andaliman tidak mengelompok berdasarkan daerah dan ketinggian tempatnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 30 aksesi dari tiga lokasi menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Andaliman is a typical plant found in North Sumatra and is known for Batak cuisine and grows wildly. At present, it is feared that it will become extinct due to a decline in the number of individuals (there is no effort to cultivate). The genetic diversity of a plant is very important because it will affect its existence in nature and is needed for plant breeding programs. This study aims to clarify the genetic diversity of the North Sumatra andaliman population. A total of 30 andaliman accessions from various heights used came from 3 populations, such as from Dairi District, Tanah Karo, and Simalungun. RAPD molecular analysis was carried out using 10 random primers. The ten primary produce 50 DNA banding patterns, with a level of polymorphism reaching 90%. Furthermore, the genetic diversity coefficient and phylogenetic dendogram were obtained using software of Darwin 6.0 and GenAlEx 6.502. These results indicate that 30 andaliman accessions are grouped into three groups. In each group there are Andaliman accessions originating from the three districts and from different heights, meaning that each of Andaliman's accessions does not group based on the area and height of the place. The results of this study indicate that 30 accessions from three locations showed high genetic diversity.

Clausospicula, a new monotypic genus from the Darwin and Gulf District, Northern Territory, Australia, is described and illustrated. Its diagnostic characters include cleistogamous spikelets, reduced panicles, racemes and spikelets, and pedicelled spikelets which are poorly developed and deciduous, or suppressed. Also, the glumes of the bisexual spikelet are awned and slightly keeled or without keels. A prominent feature is the extension of the peduncle into an appendage to which the callus of the bisexual spikelet is attached. The epidermis is notable for its distinct costal and intercostal zones, rectangular intercostal long-cells with tessellated, pitted cell walls, stomata inserted beneath the overlapping interstomatals and arranged in definite rows bordering the costal zones, the presence of macrohairs, narrow microhairs 39–46.5 µm long, silica-celllcork-cell pairs with dumbbell-shaped silica bodies costally and butterfly-shaped silica bodies intercostally. The transverse section shows a distinct midrib with the vascular bundles arranged in a conventional arc abaxially and colourless tissue adaxially, and a symmetrically ordered lamina. The primary vascular bundles are accompanied by sclerenchyma as girders abaxially and adaxially; the adaxial epidermis is extensively bulliform and the abaxial epidermis is of bulliform-like cells.

Four supplementation treatments to investigate wet seasons responses were imposed on eight Brahman/Shorthom cross herds totalling 870 animals of all classes (cows and calves, bulls, heifers and steers). They grazed 12,300 ha of native pasture in the Darwin district of the Northern Territory. The treatments were: (i) control (no wet season supplement), (ii) Mineral (Ultraphos - supplementation with 13 minerals during the wet season), (iii) +Protein (Ultrapro-50 - the same 13 minerals plus non-protein nitrogen (WN) and true protein over the wet season), and (iv) Strategic (strategic use of salt, mineral and hTN supplements over the early wet, mid wet and late wet seasons respectively). All treatments received an hTN plus mineral supplement (Uramol) during the dry season. Supplement intakes by the herds were measured monthly for three years. Intake of Salt, Ultraphos and Ultrapro-50 supplements averaged 43, 124 and 149 g/animal/day respectively during the three wet seasons. Losses of the molasses-based block formulations due to rain were small (7%) during the wet season. However, up to one third of each pure salt block was eroded. Intake of Uramol during the three dry seasons averaged 182 g/animal/day across all herds. No urea toxicity problems were noticed over the three years of the supplement programme, despite high intakes during the dry season. All animals consumed some supplement. However, levels of supplement intake: (i) increased with the seasonal decrease in native pasture quality, (ii) decreased with an increase in proportion of paddock burnt, (iii) varied between animal classes, with lactating cows consuming 64% more supplement than non-lactating cows in two of the three years, and (iv) varied between individuals within classes. Individual intake varied widely (from 10 to 835 glanirnallday for lactating cows) with no significant correlation between individual intake and the pregnancy rate or average daily liveweight gain.

This research aims to explain how the implementation of the village's Explore service program is picking up taxes related to UN-P2 services at the Langkat District Revenue Board. In addition, the research aims to determine what factors that can encourage and inhibit the implementation of the village-exploring program to pick up taxes on the district Revenue Board of Langkat. The form of research used in this study is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. This study used Edward III's theory. The informant used in this study was the head of the Langkat District Revenue board and the officers who conducted UN services-P2 as well as taxpayers in Langkat district. The data used in this research is primary data as well as secondary data as complementary data. Qualitative analysis in this study was conducted with an inductive logic approach. Based on the results of the research can be noted that the implementation of the program to explore the village picking up taxes in the District Revenue Board of Langkat is generally well-done. Contributing factors to the success of implementation of village-exploring program to collect tax in the Regional Revenue Board of Langkat District are: Commitment of leadership and resources. The Factor is a low community awareness inhibitor, and there are some cases where taxpayers do not want to pay the UN for reasons that they are not the owner of a tax object but only contracted or so on. Afandi, M. I., & Warjio, W. (2016). Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Asahan Nomor 11 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pajak Daerah Dalam Pencapaian Target Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Perdesaan Dan Perkotaan (Studi Deskriptif Di Kelurahan Bunut Barat Kecamatan Kota Kisaran Barat). Jurnal Administrasi Publik: Public Administration Journal, 5(2), 132-153.Anshori, A.G. (2009). Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University PressArikunto, S. (2006). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Batinggi A, Badu Ahmad. (2013). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.Bungin, B. (2007). Penelitian Kualitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan. Publik dan Ilmu Sosial lainnya. Jakarta: Putra Grafika Dunn, W.N. (1998). Muhadjir Darwin (Penyunting). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University PressHardjanto, A. (2008). Implementasi Kebijakan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Di Kelurahan Gisikdrono Kecamatan Semarang Barat Kota Semarang (Doctoral dissertation, Diponegoro University, Faculty of Social and Political Science).Harefa, M. (2016). Kendala Implementasi dan Efektivitas Pemungutan Pajak PBB-P2 oleh Pemerintah Kota Makassar. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 7(1), 67-82.Ibrahim, A. (2008). Teori dan Konsep Pelayanan Publik Serta. Implementasinya. Jakarta: Mandar Maju.Kiwang, A. S., Pandie, D. B., & Gana, F. (2014). Analisis Kebijakan dan Efektivitas Organisasi. JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik), 19(1), 71-82.Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara RI. Keputusan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Nomor: 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003. Tentang Pedoman Umum Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan PublikMoenir. A.S. (2003). Manajemen Pelayanan Umum Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Aksara.Mulyadi, D, (2016), Administrasi Publik dan Pelayanan Publik, Bandung, Alfabeta.Nawawi, I. (2009). Public Policy, Analisis, Strategi Advokasi Teori dan Praktek. Surabaya: PMN.Nugroho, D,R. (2002). Kebijakan Publik untuk Negara-Negara Berkembang. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.Nugroho, R. (2014). Public Policy. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media KomputindoParsons, W. (2014). Public Policy: Pengantar Teori dan Praktik Analisis Kebijakan. Jakarta: PT. Prenadamedia GroupPasolong, H. (2010). Teori Administrasi Publik, Alfabeta, Bandung.peraturan Bupati (Perbup) Nomor 66 tahun 2016 tentang rincian tugas dan Fungsi Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten LangkatRepublik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan PublikSaputri, E., Hakim, A., & Noor, I. (2015). Implementasi Kebijakan Pemungutan Pbb–P2 di Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan. JISIP: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 4(3).Sinambela, L.P. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. Yogyakarta: Graha IlmuSolichin, A.W. (2002). Analisis Kebijaksanaan, Dari Formulasi Ke Implementasi Kebijaksanaan Negara. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: PT Alfabet.Suharto, E. (2005). Analisis Kebijakan Publik: Panduan Praktis Mengkaji Masalah dan Kebijakan Sosial. Bandung: AlfabetaSurjadi. (2009). Pengembangan Kinerja Pelayanan Publik. Bandung: PT. Reflika AditamaTahir, A. (2014). Kebijakan Publik dan Transparansi Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah. Alfabeta. Bandung.Thoha, M. (2008). Perilaku Organisasi, Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasinya. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintah Daerah.Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi DaerahUndang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perimbangan Keuangan Antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah DaerahWinarno, B. (2016). Kebijakan publik era globalisasi (teori, proses dan studi kasus kompratif), Yogyakarta: CAPC (Center Of Academic Publishing ServiceWinarsih, S.A. & Ratminto. (2012). Manajemen Pelayanan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

In the past geological eras in the bio-sphere, species extinction was accompanied by speciation. Ecosystems adapted to a greater or lesser extent to coexist with a species whose activity had become a plane-tary factor and had a global impact on bio-spheric processes. One of it is the massive pollution of the main components of the biosphere - geobiosphere, hydrobooster and air. Its consequence is the development in living organisms of various pathological processes associated with the impact of tox-icants-toxicoses. The work was carried out in various re-gions of the USSR and Russia on reservoirs of various types and different objects of aquaculture. Various species and age groups of fish were studied. They were caught with trawls, nets, lifts, and sport fishing gear. Fish larvae were caught with a plankton net. A pathoanatomic method was used to assess the condition of fish. In some cases, histo-logical methods were used. Clams of the family Unionidae were surveyed in 1990-2011. They were collected by dredging in the reservoirs of the Volga, in the lake Ilmen, in the red sea of the Ka-relian isthmus of the Leningrad region and in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic sea. The liver of 399 individuals was examined us-ing histological methods. Also Perlovitz. Unio pictorum, 474 copies of U. tumidus and 298 copies. the mussels Anodonta sp. Branched crustaceans were examined in 1989-2016. They were collected in a plank-ton grid in the reservoirs of the Volga, in the Nyvchimsky reservoir (the basin of the Volga river). Vychegda Komi Republic, in the Finnish and Kursk bays of the Baltic sea, in lake Ladoga, in the lake of Sevan (Armenia) and in lakes of the Karelian isth-mus of Leningrad region, in the mountain lakes of West Sayan (Krasnoyarsk region), the lakes in Darwin reserve (Vologda re-gion) and in the pools of Garbacki lakes Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Vorkuta district, Komi Republic). Fixation in 4% formalin by Rachkov method was examined in Bo-gorov's cell under the MBS-9 microscope.

The Jumiang tourism area is located in Pademawu Subdistrict, Pamekasan District, which is one of the tourism areas that can be built as educational tourism. This is based on natural conditions and the potential possessed by this tourism area. Since the tourism awareness group (pok-darwis) was formed, the tourist area of Jumiang is now making many improvements, especially in the availability of tourist facilities and attractions. This is aimed at attracting the number of tourists that declined in the past few years. The existence of Pok-Darwis is certainly the spearhead of the sustainability of the management of the Jumiang tourist area. This study uses qualitative analysis with a focus on institutional perception analysis. This analysis is expected to provide an evaluation to the relevant parties so that the management of Jumiang tourism area will be better so that the concept of sustainable tourism and education tourism can be achieved. The results of the analysis show that the institutional quality of Pok-Darwis for the Jumiang Tourism Area still has weaknesses, such as in terms of institutional strengthening. However, the institutional effectiveness of the Jumiang tourism area can be said to be effective.

Biomass energy sources have several advantages, such as being used as a renewable energy source so that the energy source from biomass can provide a sustainable energy source. One of the first steps to determine the potential of energy resources that can be developed into renewable energy sources is by collecting data. The data collection carried out in this study focuses more on the biomass found in Balikpapan. The biomass potential in Balikpapan needs to be known by collecting and classifying the biomass data based on products from agriculture and plantations. The data that has been collected from secondary data and from surveys are then mapped to see the greatest biomass potential found in Balikpapan. The largest percentage of crop yields per year is found in North Balikpapan Subdistrict, which is 31% compared to five other sub-districts. The potential of biomass from Balikpapan City's natural resources, which the greatest amount of harvest, is the cassava food plant in North Balikpapan sub-district of 7,259 tons / year. In the type of fruit, snakefruit (salak) has the highest number of yields per year, which is about32,945 tons / year. The potential for waste from food plants, cassava waste originating from tree trunks, is 5,807.2 tons / year, and cassava skin is 1,088.8 tons / year

The subject of this research is the key genres of song folklore of the Dargin people &ndash; one of the ethnoses of Dagestan, which includes such Akushin, Kaitag, Kubachin, Mekegin, Tsudakhar, and others. An attempt is made to examine genre diversity of the Dargin people traditional poetic folklore, describe the forms of existence of specific genres, determine their ideological-aesthetic and artistic content, trace their evolution and transformation, as well as characterize the poetics. The goal of this work consists in demonstration of genre diversity of the song folklore of the Dargin people, its national specificity, artistic uniqueness and forms of existence. In the course of this research, the author applies the method of scientific analysis of theoretical literature on the topic, comparative-typological and descriptive-analytical methods, including observation, interpretation and comparison, which allows giving philological assessment of the text, reveal folk poetic means of expression. The scientific novelty lies in establishment of the fact that some of the genres under consideration still exist, but have undergone transformation. In a number the Dargin Districts, such as the rural localities of Harbuk, Urkarah, Madzhalis, Kubachi, Usisha, etc., texts of ritual poetry that have been previously performed by the adults, now shifted into the repertoire of children's folklore; multiple wedding songs &ndash; from ritual folklore to the category of love lyricism, and are performed mostly at youth parties and festivities. Lamentations were subjected to the influenced of Muslim religion, and now often feature the appeals to Allah to bless with patience and mercy, etc. Ballades in the folklore of the Dargin people also experiences certain genre changes: tragedy and drama of the situation fade away, and the ballades grow into the type of lyrical song of family, life or love content.

Food security is still becoming a crucial issue in developing countries nowadays, either in urban or rural areas. There are many factors triggered this condition, such as the increase in population pressure and conflict, privatization and changing tenure arrangements, poverty, social differentiation and also environmental degradation. It’s undeniable that food security is a multidimensional problem, especially for people who lived in rural or isolated areas. In Mentawai Islands, a district located in the western part of Indonesia, the indigenous people depend on forest product (sago) as their main source of food. However, since 2012, the government has destroyed their food culture by establishing the ‘National Food Security Improvement Program’ and conducting the agricultural intensification as well as establishing 600 hectares of new rice fields in six sub - districts; South Pagai, North Pagai, Sikakap, South Sipora, North Sipora, and South Siberut. This study is conducted comprehensively using the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (FSVA) to understand and describe the exact profiles of food-insecurities and vulnerable households. Furthermore, it also identified the risks and vulnerabilities of food consumption in Mentawai communities. Findings depict that shifting or transforming the food culture from sago to rice is a serious issue because socio-cultural aspects influence it and surely the government has to make a parallel policy that can accommodate the people needs, not only prioritize the national development agenda.

Article is devoted to it to the phenomenon of the Dagestan ethnographic culture «forgotten» by scientists as superimposed forge locks. They aren't also in the state museums of the republic. Dagestanis had still such locks in which the locking mechanism widely known in the Middle Ages was used, as in Russia until recently, and in the east and the West. At the same time, the type of the lock (delivery note), a form of a design, its variation, an original forge pattern, names testify to the original ethnocultural phenomenon which sources aren't up to the end clear. Superimposed forge locks for the first time were revealed by us at Dargins of Dakhadayevsky district. Still in due time the famous caucasiologist E. M. Shilling paid attention that the ethnoculture of Dargins contains the interesting materials of archaic type which didn't remain at other mountain people of Dagestan. Field material demonstrates that such locks were generally manufactured by masters of villages Amuzgi and Harbuk. The description of a design of locks, in particular their spring mechanism is given. Some data on names of locks are provided in article and the attempt to explain their origin becomes. Material shows that all versions of names of forge locks of a local origin. In the Dargwa language the word "meg" means "iron", "metal". The same word, as a rule, designates also the lock. Forge superimposed locks of Dargins - the unique phenomenon of cultural history of Dagestan bearing on itself a seal of early traditions of metal working. It is obvious that it is necessary to continue searches of new materials and studying of this phenomenon of culture.

Tanaman maja memiliki sejarah vital bagi masyarakat Mojokerto. Selain sebagai simbol budaya, maja dimanfaatkan untuk pangan, keperluan medis, dan pertanian. Sekarang, keanekaragaman hayati tanaman lokal ini terancam karena minimnya upaya pelestarian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi, memetakan sebaran dan potensi sebaran maja serta menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kekerabatannya berdasarkan morfologi. Metode eksplorasi didasari pada survey ekogeografi dan pemetaannya menggunakan model maxent di aplikasi DivaGIS. Indeks Shannon digunakan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman. Analisis kekerabatan menggunakan aplikasi DARwin dengan metode Neighbor-Joining dan Hierarchical clustering. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya penurunan populasi maja secara masif di mayoritas wilayah Mojokerto. Kecamatan Trowulan, Jetis, Kota Mojokerto, dan Ngoro menjadi pusat distribusi aktual maja. Indeks Shannon menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman morfologi maja pada parameter kualitatif (0,15) jauh lebih rendah dibanding kuantitatif (4,95). Secara umum, keanekaragaman morfologi maja di Mojokerto tergolong dalam kategori sedang (1,95). Ada 4 kategori maja di Mojokerto berdasarkan pengelompokan menggunakan Neighbor-Joining dan 3 kategori menggunakan Hierarchical Clustering.Maja has a vital role in Mojokerto civilization. Aside as a cultural symbol, maja also used as religious festivals, medical purpose, and agricultural practice. Today, the diversity of maja is endangered because of the minimum conservation. The research was conducted to map the actual and potential distribution of Maja. The research also analyzes the diversity and kinship of maja. The Maxent model in DivaGIS was used as the bases of the ecogeographical survey and mapping.. The morphological diversity of maja was assessed by Shannon index and the cluster analysis was carried out based on Neighbor-joining dan Hierarchical clustering method using DARwin software. The result shows that the diversity index of maja in Mojokerto is classified as medium with the value of 1.95. Maja's kinship is divided into 4 groups based on qualitative and 3 groups based on quantitative traits. Maja was spread in Mojokerto and concentrated in 4 sub districts of Trowulan, Jetis, Mojokerto, and Ngoro. Based on the comparison with maxent predictions, there is a massive maja population loss in Mojokerto. Land conversion and plant substitution is a major cause of decrease of maja population.

The Lancashire village of Belmont was created at the start of the nineteenth century to house workers for the bleaching and dyeing works built by industrialist Thomas Ryecroft and landowner Rev. Charles Wright. By the 1930s it had been incorporated into Turton Urban District and although very much rural still functioned as an industrial village. The 1939 National Register records that the majority of the population was working in the local bleach works or paper mill with just 10% farmers or workers on the land. It had a tiny school with just 75 pupils, which was more than doubled in size by the arrival of 80 infants from Temple School, Manchester in September 1939. This was Belmont’s quota of Turton’s allocation of 1,600 evacuees. Today the village is technically part of Blackburn with Darwen, and the parish consists of around 300 homes. It has a lively primary school with a good reputation for supporting pupils with disabilities and high-quality work in the Arts.

This article is dedicated to examination of polypredicative constructions formed by means of adverbial participle clause in one of the non-written languages of Dargin group &ndash; the Kadar language. The goal of this work is to describe the preterite adverbial participles used in formation of circumstantial subordinate clauses, study the problems of co-reference, and establish the key factors that affect the reduction of the co-referential element or its substitution with demonstrative pronoun. Main attention is turned to determination of grammatically correct constructions with adverbial participle clauses with co-referential element. The article employs the methods of synchronic description and field linguistics. The research material was accumulated during the 2019 expedition to Kadar rural localities of Karamakhi and Chankurbe of Buynaksky District of the Republic of Dagestan. The novelty consists in the fact that this work is first to examine the problems of co-reference in constructions with adverbial participle clauses, identification of factors that affect the reduction or substitution of co-referential element,&nbsp; as well as determination of all grammatically correct sentences with adverbial participle clause that function in polypredicative constructions of the Kadar language. For solution of this problem, the author created the tables that considered the semantic role of predicate actants of superordinate and subordinate parts, position of subordinate part in relation to superordinate part, and the proximity of subordinate part to co-referential element in superordinate part in the compound sentence. As a result, the author establishes the positions with most and least grammatically correct constructions. The presented materials can be used in studying this type of compound sentences in other Dargin and Dagestanian languages.

This study aims to early detect Salmonella spp. and identify serotypes in commercial chicken eggs from layer chicken farms and traditional markets in Bali. Early detection study of Salmonella spp. was carried out by conventional bacteriological methods, while serotype identification by duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (d-PCR) test against the invA gene from Salmonella spp. and the sefA gene from Salmonella enteritidis. Egg samples in this study were taken from 10 layer chicken farms in Bali which included districts of Bangli, Gianyar, Tabanan and Karangasem. Egg samples from traditional markets were taken from 18 traditional markets from the districts of Bangli, Gianyar, Tabanan, Karangasem, Badung, and Denpasar City. Samples were eggshells and egg whites. Analysis of positive results from Salmonella spp. described descriptively. The results showed that eggshells and white eggs from all of the layer chicken farms are negative contaminated with Salmonella spp. (0%). In eggshell samples taken from the traditional markets of Taman Bali and Tulikup from the districts of Bangli and Gianyar, positive with Salmonella spp. (11,1%) by conventional bacteriological tests. In the duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction test, S. enteritidis serotypes were identified. The finding contamination of Salmonella enteritidis in commercial chicken eggs from traditional markets require periodically detection to prevent the occurrence of salmonellosis due to consumption of contaminated chicken eggs in traditional markets in Bali.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the occurance possibility ofmismanagement of fixed assets by the state civil apparatus. This study based on the FraudDiamond theory developed by Wolfe and Hermanson (2004). This study discussesmismanagement of fixed assets from the point of view of regional civil apparatus in theSemarang District Government. The population of this study is all regional civil apparatus inthe Semarang District Government by census method. This research was conducted usingprimary data. Primary data in this study used a questionnaire (questionnaire) to measure thevariables of financial pressure, habit pressure, work relationship pressure, pressure of otherfactors, perception of opportunity, general rationalization, authorization of functions,intelligence, ego and beliefs, coercion and fraud, ability to handle stress to fraud andmismanagement of fixed assets. The sample in this study amounted to 256 regional devices inthe Semarang District Government. The data obtained were analyzed by using multiple linierregression. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it was concluded that 6variables: financial pressure, habit pressure, work relationship pressure, pressure of otherfactors, general rationalization, coercion and fraud to commit fraud had a positive effect tothe occurance possibility of mismanagement of fixed assets. Then, the ability to handle stresswhen committing fraud has a negative effect to the occurance possibility of mismanagementof fixed assets, while other variables namely perception of opportunity, position authorizationto commit fraud, intelligence to commit fraud and ego and confidence to commit fraud do nothave influence to the mismanagement of fixed assets by regional equipment.

Nowdays, marine debris becomes a major concern globally from many parties. Predicted source contributes to marine debris is settlement located at the coast. While facing several constraints, a municipal solid waste (MSW) management developed by community and local authority, especially taking consideration to keep a tourist attractive. Often, MSW management was applied without any consideration to the willingness of the community as a waste generator. The paper aims to find the willingness to participate related to MSW management from community at the coast with a case study of Pulau Pari Village of Kepulauan Seribu Regency. There were 6 criteria developed in the study namely: community habits, willingness to participate, community identification, environmental concern, social norms, and community perceptions, with the assessment to each subcriteria using likert scale 1-5 from 27 respondents. Subsequently, subcriterion of the participation related to MSW management were preferably chosen by respondent from each criterion. For example, from criterion of community habits the two subcriterion were dominantly chosen namely: pariticipate to provide waste storage (21%) and waste collection and directly sold by themselves (20%). Result of the willingness to participate could be used to determine a system or technology related to MSW management so that it may more sustained, especially to reduce the quantity of waste dumped to the sea.

This study is an attempt to identify teachers’ level of knowledge in the implementation of In-class Assessment in schools. Among the purposes of PDB is to ensure the pupils find the education acquired enjoyable. According to the findings by Halimah Jamil and Rozita Radhiah Said (2019), South Korea, the United States of America and Canada are among the countries that have long practiced assessment in their education system. As a whole, this research opted to use the quantitative research method to uncover and understand problems that occur in the implementation of PBD by teachers in schools. The Cross-Sectional Survey method will be used due to the huge size of the population. The researcher uses questionnaires as a tool for this survey. The researcher will use descriptive analysis to analyse the data. The data findings, obtained from the questionnaires distributed to 500 respondents which are later analysed using descriptive statistics through calculations on the frequency analysis, mean value, percentage, and standard deviation, show that the level of teachers’ comprehension in the implementation of PBD in schools is high. Aside from that, through the one-way Anova test in this research, small significant differences are seen between the teachers’ knowledge in the implementation of PBD and their year of service. Although all teachers have a high level of knowledge, the data shows that teachers who have been in service longer have a higher level of knowledge compared to those who are new in service. In conclusion, the implementation level of PBD in Primary Schools in the state of Selangor is high. It is hoped that the implication of this study will help to solve problems, or to determine methods or approaches that can be applied in the effort to increase teachers’ level of knowledge during the implementation of PBD.

Iswanto AH, Siregar YS, Susilowati A, Darwis A, Hartono R, Wirjosentono B, Rachmat HH, Hidayat A, Fatriasari W. 2019. Variation in chemical constituent of Styrax sumatrana wood growing at different cultivation site in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 448-452. Kemenyan Toba (Styrax sumatrana) is known as endemic resin-producing trees that naturally grow in North Sumatra and distributed throughout five districts within the province. Different growing site may constitute to different characteristics of the species, e.g. morphological differences, chemical constituent, bioactive substances, etc. Different characteristics of wood chemical constituent are an important factor determining further utilization and potential use of wood in wider spectrums. Information about wood chemical constituent of Styrax sumatrana growing from different site has not been determined yet. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the characteristics of chemical constituent of Styrax sumatrana wood originated from North Tapanuli and Pakpak Bharat according to axial direction of stem (bottom, middle, and top). Chemical properties such as hollocelulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, Acid Soluble Lignin (ASL), acid insoluble lignin (AIL), and non-structural component (extractive content in ethanol benzene 1: 2 and ash content) were observed. Results showed that different growth location would yield in different wood chemical constituent. The wood chemical constituent from North Tapanuli and Pakpak Bharat were 52.72 and 69.80% (hollocelulose), 25.94 and 39.87% (α-cellulose), 26.78 and 29.92% (hemicellulose), 5.49 and 4.33% (Acid Soluble Lignin), 4.37 and 20.43% (Acid-Insoluble Lignin), 10.95 and 2.42% (extractive content), 1.37 and 0.8% for ash content.

This essay examines the contrasting visions of the expressive powers of the human face—both from neuroscientific approaches rooted in Darwin which argue for a codified system of six basic emotions universally recognized (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise) and from the visual arts of cinema, television and portraiture painting that rely on facial close-ups to represent an emotional fluidity that is always subjective. As a means of reconciling the two approaches, it turns to the current study of infants by developmental psychologists (like Peter Mundy and Daniel Stern) who stress the importance of an infant’s ability to read the mother’s face, which facilitates joint attention, the acquisition of verbal language and social interactions with the world. Although Stern’s imaginative dialogues sound literary and subjective, his description of the infant’s encounter with the mother’s face is actually consistent with the explanation by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio (1999) of how consciousness is first launched in the “core self.” By treating the mother’s face as the crucial object in the infant’s early development and by perceiving this encounter awash in reflective feelings (which Damasio distinguishes from basic emotions shared with other species), he helps explain the dichotomy between the two systems of emotive facial expressions: reading the specific codified emotions (in humans and other species) versus experiencing the flow of (what Damasio calls) “background feelings” that continuously play across the human face. By emphasizing the theories of Béla Balázs and films of Ingmar Bergman and Chick Strand, which literally teach us how to read these background feelings moving across the human face, this essay claims facial close-ups do not distract us from our social circumstances or political action as Walter Benjamin argued. Instead they can have an ideological edge in a wide range of genres as they enable us to see this emotional engagement in joint attention both as a form of interpellation and as a means of survival—not only for infants but for all those engaged with the visual narrative arts.

The article is devoted to the study of one of the components of the subsidiary sectors of the economy of the peoples of Dagestan in the XIX – early XX century – beekeeping. Studies of historically developed systems of life support of ethnic groups are particularly relevant at the present time, when traditional economic systems, including ancillary occupations of the peoples of Dagestan, are leveled and disappear. Their study is important not only in the development associated with radical changes in social and domestic life, but also in ethnic and cultural interactions. The relevance of the topic is determined by the recently emerging increased interest in the origins of economic and cultural types. The author made a special emphasis on the study of domestic beekeeping, which was combined with bortnichestvo. When writing the article, General scientific methods were used: (analysis, synthesis, induction), allowing to consider the role and place of beekeeping in the system of auxiliary occupations, to show in it the General and special in connection with various conditions (socio-ecological, ethnographic, ecological) of the development of certain regions of the mountainous Dagestan. However, important for this work was the method of logical research, the task of which is to reveal the role played by the individual elements of the system as a whole. Together with General scientific the article uses private research methods: the identification of a specific, descriptive method, etc. The author gives information from the literature on the development of domestic beekeeping, which at the time was combined with beekeeping, Terekemens, Hvarsins, Genuchtens, Gunzibs, Gogoberins, Surgens, Lezgins. Also based on information from a Review of the Dagestan region is composed of a table on the status of beekeeping in 7 districts of the Dagestan region in 1900: Avar, Gunibsky, Dargin, Kazikumukh, Kaitago-Tabasaran, Kyurinsky and Temir-Khan-Sorenstam. The author concludes that in the XIX – early XX century natural-geographical, socio-economic, ethnic and spiritual factors actively influenced the traditional economic activities, in particular, beekeeping.

ABSTRAK Sungai Morosari berada di Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak. Perairan ini digunakan untuk pembuangan limbah domestik maupun industri, jalur lalu lintas perahu nelayan, kawasan wisata, dan kegiatan perikanan. Hal ini diduga mempengaruhi kualitas perairan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2014, bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi perairan Sungai Morosari berdasarkan kandungan klorofil-a, nitrat, fosfat, dan struktur komunitas fitoplankton. Variabel pendukung penelitian antara lain temperatur, arus, kedalaman, kecerahan, pH, salinitas, dan oksigen terlarut. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini ditentukan empat stasiun dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menggunakan analisis kluster dan analisis non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada kandungan klorofil-a dan fosfat tiap stasiun, sedangkan pada kandungan nitrat tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata. Kemiripan tertinggi berdasarkan komunitas fitoplankton terletak pada daerah yang didominasi pemukiman penduduk dan daerah lalu lintas perahu nelayan, sedangkan kemiripan terendah yaitu pada daerah pertemuan pembuangan limbah industri. Kelimpahan fitoplankton termasuk dalam kategori kelimpahan yang sedang, indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks keseragaman fitoplankton rendah. Berdasarkan kandungan klorofil-a dan nitrat perairan Sungai Morosari termasuk ke dalam perairan oligotrofik, sedangkan berdasarkan kandungan fosfat termasuk ke dalam perairan mesotrofik dan eutrofik. Kata Kunci : Klorofil-a; Nitrat; Fosfat; Fitoplankton; Sungai Morosari ABSTRACT Morosari river located in District Sayung, Demak is used for the disposal of domestic and industrial waste, traffic, fishing boats, tourist areas and fisheries activities. And may affect the water quality. The study was conducted in April-May 2014, aimed to determine the condition of the river by chlorophyll-a, nitrate, phosphate, and phytoplankton community structure at different locations. Other variables included temperature, currents, depth, transparency, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. This study used four stations with three replications. Analysis of the data used cluster analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis non parametric analysis. The results showed a significant difference in the content of chlorophyll-a and phosphate each station, while the nitrate content there was no significant difference. The highest similarity based on the phytoplankton community was between residential areas and traffic areas fishing boat, while the lowest is similarity was in industrial waste disposal area. The abundance of phytoplankton included in the category of moderate abundance, phytoplankton diversity and evenness index were low. Based on the content of chlorophyll-a and nitrate Morosari river waters belong to the oligotrophic waters, while based on the phosphorus content included into the mesotrophic waters. Keywords : Chlorophyll-a; Nitrate; Phosphate; Phytoplankton; Morosari River

Climate change contributes toward many global challenges, such as increases in diseases in some communities, thereby accelerating health hazards to disasters. Establishing the extent to which local communities understand and perceive climate change and related health hazards is important for effective disaster risk management strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate communities’ perceptions of health hazards induced by climate change in Mount Darwin district of Zimbabwe. This was in the light that besides the visible indications that climate is changing, the local people still perceive the climate change phenomenon as mystical or even a non-event. The study was situated within the social capital theory contextualised within the climate change, disaster management and the knowledge and perception realm constructed through social relationships, networks and interactions. A mixed-method research approach was used to assess the extent of knowledge and perceptions related to climate change and climate change-related health hazards. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to survey 204 participants from 10 wards in Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe. Respondents were purposively selected as they were mostly characterised by high vulnerability levels. While 38% of the respondents were not aware of climate change, 7% correctly identified climate change as caused by both natural and man-made forces. Most (89%) of the respondents stated that hazards occur mainly because of meteorological and hydrological causes. The study therefore recommended further education and awareness programmes to deepen community understanding of climate change. Despite the communities having some knowledge gaps and lacking an in-depth understanding of how climate change alters disease, there was some vital information within the Mount Darwin community that could have been used in local disaster risk management initiatives.

Soil scientists have long believed that the first printed work of V.V. Dokuchaev was his diploma thesis in 1871 “On alluvial sediments along the Kasna River of the Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province”, which he defended after graduating from St. Petersburg University, under the guidance of Professor P.A. Puzyrevsky. However, there is a little-known article written under the pseudonym of V. D-chaev, “Darwin's theory before the court of Holy Scripture as the oldest historical botanical and zoological monument”, published in 1869 in the spiritual journal “Strannik” (“Wanderer”), which was written by V.V. Dokuchaev shortly after graduating from the theological seminary. The first work of V. Dokuchaev is of interest due to the fact that it appeared in the transition period from Dokuchaev-theologian to Dokuchaev-naturalist. Analyzing the article, written on 52 pages, one can understand how seriously the young man approached this publication. According to the former seminarian, the Holy Scriptures are the main and most reliable source of information about the past. In formulating his attitude to Darwin's theory, he relies on the work of M.A. Sibirtsev and spiritual father Matveevsky, finding in them arguments in support of his point. In addition, Dokuchaev mentions and cites the publications of more than two dozen geologists, mostly foreign ones. However, it should be noted that most of the works he refers to were popular sources. Objections to Darwin on the basic aspects of evolutionary theory show the spiritual maturity of the future scientist. The manuscript is still a student's article, but it contains the analysis of the problem of time, which later became the basis of Dokuchaev's teaching about time as a factor of soil formation. Dokuchaev came to understand the law of love as a universal law of the commonwealth that rules the world, which in fact is the basis of the ecological perception of the world.

The purpose of the study was to analyse access to potable water by people living with disabilities in Nyakatondo and Foya villages in Mount Darwin district. This district is located in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe. The study was influenced by the lack of empirical studies on water and disability and the acute potable water problems in the two villages. The researchers applied ethnography to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the problem. The study aims to improve the access to potable water by people living with disabilities in the two villages. This overall aim can only be achieved through appropriate understanding of the factors constraining access to potable water by people living with disabilities. The study shows that access to potable water is a serious development problem in the two villages and generally the northern and north eastern parts of the district due to low rainfall levels, low underground water levels and salty water. These problems imply that potable water poverty is high in the two villages and the other parts of the district. The existence of merely one borehole for each of these two villages that is located far from the villages poses potable water challenges for people living with disabilities and everyone else. Prioritisation of water development and convenient water delivery are key recommendations for the transformation of the wellbeing of people living with disabilities and everyone else. The improved water services in the villages should also entail the designing and redesigning of water facilities to enhance accessibility, access, usability and safety for people living with disabilities.

Abstract. Iswanto AH, Tambunan J, Susilowati A, Hartono R, Darwis A. 2021. Short Communication: The resistance of Styrax sumatrana wood of varying growth sites and stem axial positions to subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus) attack. Biodiversitas 22: 3192-3198. As mega-biodiversity country, Indonesia consists of a large number of flora and fauna, including wood-destroying organisms such as termites. One of the native trees known as a resin producer is Tobanese incense (Styrax sumatrana). The existence of this species has been studied for several wood properties such as physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, while its natural durability against termite attack has not been studied. As a country known as a haven for termites, the study on incense wood durability is very important for further utilization. The objective of this research was to analyze the natural durability of S. sumatrana wood from two growing locations and different stem positions using a graveyard test. The Graveyard test method was used to investigate the mass loss and percentage of damage of the sampled woods. The test sample used is 2x2x20 cm3 in size. The sample is buried as deep as 15 cm and leaving 5 cm of the part that is above the soil surface. The distance between the samples is 60 cm. The results obtained from this study indicated that the incense wood originating from Pakpak Bharat and North Tapanuli districts can be classified as durable class V (Vulnerable category) and severely damaged (E category) with the respective mass loss percentages ranging from 22.03-31.70% and 18.46-20.79% and damage percentages ranging from 86.55-96.27% and 78.02-86.32%. In conclusion, the positions of the stem and the sites where it grows caused a difference in the natural durability value of Styrax sumatrana wood. The incense wood originating from North Tapanuli District had slightly better durability against subterranean termite attacks than that from Pakpak Bharat District, although overall the samples from these two sites fell into the same durability class.

Abstract. Sukmantoro W, Suyitno A, Mulyadi, Gunaryadi D, Seno A, Kusuma AI, Darwis. 2021. Population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean Elephant in Tulin Onsoi, Nunukan District, Indonesia based on dung counts. Biodiversitas 22: 311-319. The survey on population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean elephants is very important because it reduces the information gap about Bornean elephants’ population and distribution. In more detail, the study can be used for updating information and the needs of local government in a spatial plan based on biodiversity conservation. The survey of Bornean Elephant was conducted in Tulin Onsoi Subdistrict, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, starting in February 2018 to May 2019. The survey area’s scopes are Agison, Sibuda, Apaan, and Tampilon sub-water catchment areas in 34 (5 x 5 km2) grids with a total of 850 km2. The occupancy method with perpendicular line transect was used in this study. In the survey, the number of traces was 52 finding points with a total of 241 traces. The elephant dung identified in the dung piles (one-time defecation) was in 29 finding points with a total of 38 dung piles (0.22 dung piles per km). Based on Distance 6.0 and involved the formula of the elephant population’s density with standard defecation and dung decay ratio, the elephant population density in the Tulin Onsoi is between 4.8-5.7 individuals/100 km2. Minimum convex polygon (MCP)-qHull showed that the area of ​​the elephant habitat is 253.12 km2 in Tulin Onsoi sub-district. Generally, the habitat conditions for the location are old secondary forests (37 %). Meanwhile, other habitats included in the survey area are primary forest, shrubs, and plantations, including community agriculture and roads. In the strategy of managing the Bornean elephant, efforts to stabilize or increase population are important things to do. Conservation-based spatial planning and close monitoring for the protection of small populations of this species and its threats, are options that can be selected for present and future in North Kalimantan.

<p>Transfusion reaction is the reaction of the recipient's body to blood donors, blood transfusion reactions can be mild to severe, and could be either fast, medium and slow. Hospital Dr. Achmad Darwis District Lima Puluh Kota every month UTDRS blood for transfusion are 45 to 55 bags. Survey of 30 patients who received a blood transfusion, there are 10 people have reactions such as fever of 4 people, as many as 4 people dizzy, urtikariat (itching) as much as one person and as many as three people shivering. The aim of research to find out the difference Reaction Giving Whoole Blood Transfusion Blood (WB) and Packed Red Cell (PRC) in Patients Sectio Caesare (SC). Type pre-experimental study, the design of Static Group Comparison. The population was patients post SC who receive blood transfusion, with sampling purposive sampling of 20 people. The data collection was done by direct observation, then processed and analyzed using independent t-test. Results that the average transfusion reactions in patients receiving blood transfusions WB is 1.30 and the patients who receive blood transfusion PRC is 0.40. The results of the bivariate no difference Whoole blood transfusion reaction Blood (WB) and Packed Red Cell (PRC) in Patients with Post Sectio Caesarea (SC) (p = 0.009). It was concluded that there is a difference of transfusion reactions in blood transfusions WB and blood transfusions PRC. Expected to medicine and nurse to be more selective in giving blood transfusions to patients and intensive control of blood transfusion process , so that a transfusion reaction can be immediately known. .</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: transfusion reactions, Whoole Blood (WB), Packed Red Cell (PRC)</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Reaksi Transfusi adalah reaksi tubuh resipien terhadap darah donor, reaksi transfusi darah dapat ringan sampai berat, dan dapat berupa reaksi cepat, sedang, dan lambat. RSUD Dr. Achmad Darwis Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota setiap bulannya UTDRS mengeluarkan darah untuk transfusi berjumlah 45 sampai 55 kantong. Survey terhadap 30 orang pasien yang mendapatkan transfusi darah, terdapat 10 orang mengalami reaksi berupa demam sebanyak 4 orang, pusing sebanyak 4 orang, menggigil sebanyak 3 orang dan urtikariat (gatal-gatal) sebanyak 1 orang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Perbedaan Reaksi Pemberian Transfusi Darah <em>Whoole Blood </em>(WB) dan <em>Packed Red Cell </em>(PRC) pada Pasien Sectio Caesare (SC). Jenis penelitian pra eksperimen, dengan rancangan <em>Statis Group Comparison. </em>Populasi adalah pasien post SC yang mendapatkan transfusi darah, dengan pengambilan sampel secara <em>pu</em><em>rposive sampling </em>sebanyak 20 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi langsung, kemudian diolah dan dianalisa menggunakan <em>t-test independent</em>. Didapatkan hasil rata- rata reaksi transfusi pada pasien yang mendapatkan transfusi darah WB adalah 1,30 dan pasien yang mendapatkan transfusi darah PRC adalah 0,40. Terdapat perbedaan reaksi pemberian transfusi darah <em>Whoole Blood </em>(WB) dan <em>Packed Red Cell </em>(PRC) pada Pasien Post <em>Sectio Caesarea (SC) (p = </em>0,009). Disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan reaksi transfusi pada transfusi darah WB dan transfusi darah PRC. Diharapkan dokter dan perawat agar lebih selektif dalam memberikan darah transfusi pada pasien dan intensif dalam mengontrol proses transfusi darah, sehingga adanya reaksi transfusi dapat segera diketahui.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci : Reaksi Transfusi, <em>Whoole Blood </em>(WB), <em>Packed Red Cell </em>(PRC)</p>

The purpose of this research was to examine the moral sensitivity on the interaction between different cultures among secondary school students in Sabah. This qualitative study utilized interviews, document analysis and observation to collect data from its respondents. There were 15 form four students who were selected from diverse ethnic backgrounds in the district of Keningau through purposive sampling technique. In order to examine the characteristics of moral sensitivity on the interaction between different cultures, the researcher adapted an instrument known as Ethical Sensitivity Scale Questionnaire (ESSQ) by Darcia Narvaez. The findings of this study used to address three objectives. The first one was to analyse the characteristics of moral sensitivity among school students of different cultures. The second objective was to identify the presence of moral sensitivity among the different cultures in the selected school. The final objective was to determine to what extent students’ moral sensitivity influenced their moral decisions. The analysis of the findings revealed that concern about others, compassion and adherence to moral values were the three most obvious traits in the interaction between different cultures in Sabah secondary schools. The presence of this moral sensitivity derived from two processes and these were teamwork in accomplishing common goals and cultural assimilation which refers to understanding other cultures to the degree of accepting their values and norms that could be practiced universally. The analysis of this research indicated that moral sensitivity could help students make rational and proper moral decisions with compassion on others regardless of their races. It could help reduce their bias or prejudice in making ethical decisions by putting moral values as their main principle. This study implied how essential moral sensitivity is in the interaction of different cultures and the growth of cultural interaction directly influences the number of elements in moral sensitivity that can be integrated in schools. Moral sensitivity is not just limited to moral education, but it also can be seen in various aspects of languages and religions.

IntroductionIn March 2015, I visited the Lambing Flat Folk Museum (established 1967) in the “cherry capital of Australia”, the town of Young, New South Wales, in preparation for a student excursion. Like other Australian folk museums, this museum focuses on the ordinary and the everyday of rural life, and is heavily reliant on local history, local historians, volunteers, and donated objects for the collection. It may not sound as though the Lambing Flat Folk Museum (LFFM) holds much potential for a fashion curator, as fashion exhibitions have become high points of innovation in exhibition design. It is quite a jolt to return to old style folk museums, when travelling shows such as Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (Metropolitan Museum of Art 2011 – V&A Museum 2015) or The Fashion World of Jean Paul Gaultier (V&A Museum 2011­ – NGV 2014) are popping up around the globe. The contrast stimulated this author to think on the role and the power of curators. This paper will show that the potential for fashion as a vehicle for demonstrating ideas other than through rubrics of design or history has been growing. We all wear dress. We express identity, politics, status, age, gender, social values, and mental state through the way we dress each and every day. These key issues are also explored in many museum exhibitions.Small museums often have an abundance of clothing. For them, it is a case of not only managing and caring for growing collections but also curating objects in a way that communicates regional and often national identity, as well as narrating stories in meaningful ways to audiences. This paper argues that the way in which dress is curated can greatly enhance temporary and permanent exhibitions. Fashion curation is on the rise (Riegels Melchior). This paper looks at why this is so, the potential for this specialisation in curation, the research required, and the sensitivity needed in communicating ideas in exhibitions. It also suggests how fashion curation skills may facilitate an increasing demand.Caring for the AudienceThe paper draws on a case study of how Chinese people at the LFFM are portrayed. The Chinese came to the Young district during the 1860s gold rush. While many people often think the Chinese were sojourners (Rolls), that is, they found gold and returned to China, many actually settled in regional Australia (McGowan; Couchman; Frost). At Young there were riots against the Chinese miners, and this narrative is illustrated at the museum.In examining the LFFM, this paper points to the importance of caring for the audience as well as objects, knowing and acknowledging the current and potential audiences. Caring for how the objects are received and perceived is vital to the work of curators. At this museum, the stereotypic portrayal of Chinese people, through a “coolie” hat, a fan, and two dolls dressed in costume, reminds us of the increased professionalisation of the museum sector in the last 20 years. It also reminds us of the need for good communication through both the objects and texts. Audiences have become more sophisticated, and their expectations have increased. Displays and accompanying texts that do not reflect in depth research, knowledge, and sensitivities can result in viewers losing interest quickly. Not long into my visit I began thinking of the potential reaction by the Chinese graduate students. In a tripartite model called the “museum experience”, Falk and Dierking argue that the social context, personal context, and physical context affect the visitor’s experience (5). The social context of who we visit with influences enjoyment. Placing myself in the students’ shoes sharpened reactions to some of the displays. Curators need to be mindful of a wide range of audiences. The excursion was to be not so much a history learning activity, but a way for students to develop a personal interest in museology and to learn the role museums can play in society in general, as well as in small communities. In this case the personal context was also a professional context. What message would they get?Communication in MuseumsStudies by Falk et al. indicate that museum visitors only view an exhibition for 30 minutes before “museum fatigue” sets in (249–257). The physicality of being in a museum can affect the museum experience. Hence, many institutions responded to these studies by placing the key information and objects in the introductory areas of an exhibition, before the visitor gets bored. As Stephen Bitgood argues, this can become self-fulfilling, as the reaction by the exhibition designers can then be to place all the most interesting material early in the path of the audience, leaving the remainder as mundane displays (196). Bitgood argues there is no museum fatigue. He suggests that there are other things at play which curators need to heed, such as giving visitors choice and opportunities for interaction, and avoiding overloading the audience with information and designing poorly laid-out exhibitions that have no breaks or resting points. All these factors contribute to viewers becoming both mentally and physically tired. Rather than placing the onus on the visitor, he contends there are controllable factors the museum can attend to. One of his recommendations is to be provocative in communication. Stimulating exhibitions are more likely to engage the visitor, minimising boredom and tiredness (197). Xerxes Mazda recommends treating an exhibition like a good story, with a beginning, a dark moment, a climax, and an ending. The LFFM certainly has those elements, but they are not translated into curation that gives a compelling narration that holds the visitors’ attention. Object labels give only rudimentary information, such as: “Wooden Horse collar/very rare/donated by Mr Allan Gordon.” Without accompanying context and engaging language, many visitors could find it difficult to relate to, and actively reflect on, the social narrative that the museum’s objects could reflect.Text plays an important role in museums, particularly this museum. Communication skills of the label writers are vital to enhancing the museum visit. Louise Ravelli, in writing on museum texts, states that “communication needs to be more explicit and more reflexive—to bring implicit assumptions to the surface” (3). This is particularly so for the LFFM. Posing questions and using an active voice can provoke the viewer. The power of text can be seen in one particular museum object. In the first gallery is a banner that contains blatant racist text. Bringing racism to the surface through reflexive labelling can be powerful. So for this museum communication needs to be sensitive and informative, as well as pragmatic. It is not just a case of being reminded that Australia has a long history of racism towards non-Anglo Saxon migrants. A sensitive approach in label-writing could ask visitors to reflect on Australia’s long and continued history of racism and relate it to the contemporary migration debate, thereby connecting the present day to dark historical events. A question such as, “How does Australia deal with racism towards migrants today?” brings issues to the surface. Or, more provocatively, “How would I deal with such racism?” takes the issue to a personal level, rather than using language to distance the issue of racism to a national issue. Museums are more than repositories of objects. Even a small underfunded museum can have great impact on the viewer through the language they use to make meaning of their display. The Lambing Flat Roll-up Banner at the LFFMThe “destination” object of the museum in Young is the Lambing Flat Roll-up Banner. Those with a keen interest in Australian history and politics come to view this large sheet of canvas that elicits part of the narrative of the Lambing Flat Riots, which are claimed to be germane to the White Australia Policy (one of the very first pieces of legislation after the Federation of Australia was The Immigration Restriction Act 1901).On 30 June 1861 a violent anti-Chinese riot occurred on the goldfields of Lambing Flat (now known as Young). It was the culmination of eight months of growing conflict between European and Chinese miners. Between 1,500 and 2,000 Europeans lived and worked in these goldfields, with little government authority overseeing the mining regulations. Earlier, in November 1860, a group of disgruntled European miners marched behind a German brass band, chasing off 500 Chinese from the field and destroying their tents. Tensions rose and fell until the following June, when the large banner was painted and paraded to gather up supporters: “…two of their leaders carrying in advance a magnificent flag, on which was written in gold letters – NO CHINESE! ROLL UP! ROLL UP! ...” (qtd. in Coates 40). Terrified, over 1,270 Chinese took refuge 20 kilometres away on James Roberts’s property, “Currawong”. The National Museum of Australia commissioned an animation of the event, The Harvest of Endurance. It may seem obvious, but the animators indicated the difference between the Chinese and the Europeans through dress, regardless that the Chinese wore western dress on the goldfields once the clothing they brought with them wore out (McGregor and McGregor 32). Nonetheless, Chinese expressions of masculinity differed. Their pigtails, their shoes, and their hats were used as shorthand in cartoons of the day to express the anxiety felt by many European settlers. A more active demonstration was reported in The Argus: “ … one man … returned with eight pigtails attached to a flag, glorifying in the work that had been done” (6). We can only imagine this trophy and the de-masculinisation it caused.The 1,200 x 1,200 mm banner now lays flat in a purpose-built display unit. Viewers can see that it was not a hastily constructed work. The careful drafting of original pencil marks can be seen around the circus styled font: red and blue, with the now yellow shadowing. The banner was tied with red and green ribbon of which small remnants remain attached.The McCarthy family had held the banner for 100 years, from the riots until it was loaned to the Royal Australian Historical Society in November 1961. It was given to the LFFM when it opened six years later. The banner is given key positioning in the museum, indicating its importance to the community and its place in the region’s memory. Just whose memory is narrated becomes apparent in the displays. The voice of the Chinese is missing.Memory and Museums Museums are interested in memory. When visitors come to museums, the work they do is to claim, discover, and sometimes rekindle memory (Smith; Crane; Williams)—-and even to reshape memory (Davidson). Fashion constantly plays with memory: styles, themes, textiles, and colours are repeated and recycled. “Cutting and pasting” presents a new context from one season to the next. What better avenue to arouse memory in museums than fashion curation? This paper argues that fashion exhibitions fit within the museum as a “theatre of memory”, where social memory, commemoration, heritage, myth, fantasy, and desire are played out (Samuels). In the past, institutions and fashion curators often had to construct academic frameworks of “history” or “design” in order to legitimise fashion exhibitions as a serious pursuit. Exhibitions such as Fashion and Politics (New York 2009), Fashion India: Spectacular Capitalism (Oslo 2014) and Fashion as Social Energy (Milan 2015) show that fashion can explore deeper social concerns and political issues.The Rise of Fashion CuratorsThe fashion curator is a relative newcomer. What would become the modern fashion curator made inroads into museums through ethnographic and anthropological collections early in the 20th century. Fashion as “history” soon followed into history and social museums. Until the 1990s, the fashion curator in a museum was seen as, and closely associated with, the fashion historian or craft curator. It could be said that James Laver (1899–1975) or Stella Mary Newton (1901–2001) were the earliest modern fashion curators in museums. They were also fashion historians. However, the role of fashion curator as we now know it came into its own right in the 1970s. Nadia Buick asserts that the first fashion exhibition, Fashion: An Anthology by Cecil Beaton, was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum, curated by the famous fashion photographer Cecil Beaton. He was not a museum employee, a trained curator, or even a historian (15). The museum did not even collect contemporary fashion—it was a new idea put forward by Beaton. He amassed hundreds of pieces of fashion items from his friends of elite society to complement his work.Radical changes in museums since the 1970s have been driven by social change, new expectations and new technologies. Political and economic pressures have forced museum professionals to shift their attention from their collections towards their visitors. There has been not only a growing number of diverse museums but also a wider range of exhibitions, fashion exhibitions included. However, as museums and the exhibitions they mount have become more socially inclusive, this has been somewhat slow to filter through to the fashion exhibitions. I assert that the shift in fashion exhibitions came as an outcome of new writing on fashion as a social and political entity through Jennifer Craik’s The Face of Fashion. This book has had an influence, beyond academic fashion theorists, on the way in which fashion exhibitions are curated. Since 1997, Judith Clark has curated landmark exhibitions, such as Malign Muses: When Fashion Turns Back (Antwerp 2004), which examine the idea of what fashion is rather than documenting fashion’s historical evolution. Dress is recognised as a vehicle for complex issues. It is even used to communicate a city’s cultural capital and its metropolitan modernity as “fashion capitals” (Breward and Gilbert). Hence the reluctant but growing willingness for dress to be used in museums to critically interrogate, beyond the celebratory designer retrospectives. Fashion CurationFashion curators need to be “brilliant scavengers” (Peoples). Curators such as Clark pick over what others consider as remains—the neglected, the dissonant—bringing to the fore what is forgotten, where items retrieved from all kinds of spheres are used to fashion exhibitions that reflect the complex mix of the tangible and intangible that is present in fashion. Allowing the brilliant scavengers to pick over the flotsam and jetsam of everyday life can make for exciting exhibitions. Clothing of the everyday can be used to narrate complex stories. We only need think of the black layette worn by Baby Azaria Chamberlain—or the shoe left on the tarmac at Darwin Airport, having fallen off the foot of Mrs Petrov, wife of the Russian diplomat, as she was forced onto a plane. The ordinary remnants of the Chinese miners do not appear to have been kept. Often, objects can be transformed by subsequent significant events.Museums can be sites of transformation for its audiences. Since the late 1980s, through the concept of the New Museum (Vergo), fashion as an exhibition theme has been used to draw in wider museum audiences and to increase visitor numbers. The clothing of Vivienne Westwood, (34 Years in Fashion 2005, NGA) Kylie Minogue (Kylie: An Exhibition 2004­–2005, Powerhouse Museum), or Princess Grace (Princess Grace: Style Icon 2012, Bendigo Art Gallery) drew in the crowds, quantifying the relevance of museums to funding bodies. As Marie Riegels Melchior notes, fashion is fashionable in museums. What is interesting is that the New Museum’s refrain of social inclusion (Sandell) has yet to be wholly embraced by art museums. There is tension between the fashion and museum worlds: a “collision of the fashion and art worlds” (Batersby). Exhibitions of elite designer clothing worn by celebrities have been seen as very commercial operations, tainting the intellectual and academic reputations of cultural institutions. What does fashion curation have to do with the banner mentioned previously? It would be miraculous for authentic clothing worn by Chinese miners to surface now. In revising the history of Lambing Flat, fashion curators need to employ methodologies of absence. As Clynk and Peoples have shown, by examining archives, newspaper advertisements, merchants’ account books, and other material that incidentally describes the business of clothing, absence can become present. While the later technology of photography often shows “Sunday best” fashions, it also illustrates the ordinary and everyday dress of Chinese men carrying out business transactions (MacGowan; Couchman). The images of these men bring to mind the question: were these the children of men, or indeed the men themselves, who had their pigtails violently cut off years earlier? The banner was also used to show that there are quite detailed accounts of events from local and national newspapers of the day. These are accessible online. Accounts of the Chinese experience may have been written up in Chinese newspapers of the day. Access to these would be limited, if they still exist. Historian Karen Schamberger reminds us of the truism: “history is written by the victors” in her observations of a re-enactment of the riots at the Lambing Flat Festival in 2014. The Chinese actors did not have speaking parts. She notes: The brutal actions of the European miners were not explained which made it easier for audience members to distance themselves from [the Chinese] and be comforted by the actions of a ‘white hero’ James Roberts who… sheltered the Chinese miners at the end of the re-enactment. (9)Elsewhere, just out of town at the Chinese Tribute Garden (created in 1996), there is evidence of presence. Plaques indicating donors to the garden carry names such as Judy Chan, Mrs King Chou, and Mr and Mrs King Lam. The musically illustrious five siblings of the Wong family, who live near Young, were photographed in the Discover Central NSW tourist newspaper in 2015 as a drawcard for the Lambing Flat Festival. There is “endurance”, as the title of NMA animation scroll highlights. Conclusion Absence can be turned around to indicate presence. The “presence of absence” (Meyer and Woodthorpe) can be a powerful tool. Seeing is the pre-eminent sense used in museums, and objects are given priority; there are ways of representing evidence and narratives, and describing relationships, other than fashion presence. This is why I argue that dress has an important role to play in museums. Dress is so specific to time and location. It marks specific occasions, particularly at times of social transitions: christening gowns, bar mitzvah shawls, graduation gowns, wedding dresses, funerary shrouds. Dress can also demonstrate the physicality of a specific body: in the extreme, jeans show the physicality of presence when the body is removed. The fashion displays in the museum tell part of the region’s history, but the distraction of the poor display of the dressed mannequins in the LFFM gets in the way of a “good story”.While rioting against the Chinese miners may cause shame and embarrassment, in Australia we need to accept that this was not an isolated event. More formal, less violent, and regulated mechanisms of entry to Australia were put in place, and continue to this day. It may be that a fashion curator, a brilliant scavenger, may unpick the prey for viewers, placing and spacing objects and the visitor, designing in a way to enchant or horrify the audience, and keeping interest alive throughout the exhibition, allowing spaces for thinking and memories. Drawing in those who have not been the audience, working on the absence through participatory modes of activities, can be powerful for a community. Fashion curators—working with the body, stimulating ethical and conscious behaviours, and constructing dialogues—can undoubtedly act as a vehicle for dynamism, for both the museum and its audiences. 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