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Journal articles on the topic 'DAS (dendrite arm sparing)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Japan Institute Of Light Metals, Co. "Measurement of dendrite arm spacing." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 38, no. 1 (1988): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.38.54.

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2

Yuan, Xun Feng, and Yan Yang. "Flow Velocity Affecting Dendrite Growth of Fe-C Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.1009.

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The phase field model coupling with the concentration field and flow field is used to simulate the dendrite growth during isothermal solidification of Fe-C alloy in a forced flow. The effects of flow velocity on the dendrite growth are studied. The results indicate that with introducing the forced flow, the upstream secondary dendrite arm space decreases, the downstream secondary dendrite arm space increases. As flow velocity increases, the side branch at the upstream regions become bulky and tilt, the side branch at the downstream regions degenerated and even disappear, the length of upstream dendrite arm increases linearly, the length of downstream dendrite arm decreases parabolically. Meanwhile, the solute concentration of upstream dendrite tip increases slowly first, then decreases, the solute concentration of downstream dendrite tip increases monotonously.
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3

Zhao, Long Zhi, Xin Yan Jiang, Ming Juan Zhao, and Jian Zhang. "Phase-Field Simulation of Dendrite Growth of Magnesium Alloy under Non-Isothermal Solidification." Advanced Materials Research 848 (November 2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.848.231.

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The phase-field model was built by coupling with the concentration field and temperature field,The dendrite growth process of Magnesium alloy was simulated under the different anisotropic strength and different undercooling.The results show that with the enlarge of anisotropic strength, dendritic morphology change from seaweed-like to snow-like, trunk grows along the optimal direction,and the secondary dendrite arm grow along the most optimize direction as well; With undercooling increasing, the more coarse primary dendrite arm, the more developed secondary dendrite arm, dendrites around the thermal diffusion layer becomes thinner,and dendrite tip’s thermal diffusion layer is thinner than the dendrite roots,but segregation phenomenon decreases slowly. When Δ=1.0, the grain will directly generate cellular dendrite and it does’t appear segregation phenomenon
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4

Park, Sang Han, Hisao Esaka, and Kei Shinozuka. "Equalization of Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing during Growth of Columnar Dendrite." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 76, no. 3 (2012): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.76.197.

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5

Mortensen, A. "On the rate of dendrite arm coarsening." Metallurgical Transactions A 22, no. 2 (1991): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02656824.

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6

Sakamoto, Tatsuaki, Shu Chen Sun, Takuya Matsumoto, et al. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property in Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy with Y Addition." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.472.

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Microstructures and Vickers microhardness in AZ91 magnesium alloys without and with 1mass%Y addition fabricated by casting were investigated. Vickers microhardness increases with adding 1%Y. Microstructure in AZ91 without Y addition was analyzed to contain mainly α-Mg and Mg17Al12by X-ray diffraction. Microstructural observations with optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopes show that microstructure consists of α-Mg dendrite, non-equilibrium eutectic Mg17Al12and lamellar Mg17Al12. The non-equilibrium eutectic Mg17Al12exists between α-Mg dendrites. The lamellar Mg17Al12forms near the edge of the α-Mg dendrite arm. The lamellar Mg17Al12has Burgers orientation relationship for α-Mg matrix. It suggests that the lamellar Mg17Al12precipitates from Al-supersaturated region within α-Mg dendrite. Addition of Y to AZ91 hardly changes dendrite arm spacing, but decreases a size of region, where longitudinal directions of primary dendrite arms are almost parallel or a single dendrite exists. Y-addition increases nucleation site for dendrite, namely makes the unidirectionally-solidified region fine, resulting in increase in hardness.
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7

Yan, Qing Song, Xun Zou, Bo Wen Xiong, Gang Lu, Shou Yin Zhang, and Chang Chun Cai. "Effect of Solidification Pressure on Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing of Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1522.

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The solidification pressure is one of the most important factors in the counter-gravity casting process. Through testing and analyzing the microstructures of aluminum alloy castings under different solidification pressure, the effect of different solidification pressure on the secondary dendrite arm spacing and grain size is studied. The results show that with the increase of the solidification pressure, the secondary dendrite arm spacing and the grain size of aluminum alloy decreases. When the solidification pressure is 250 KPa, the secondary dendrite arm of aluminum alloy is thick, the SDAS is 37.9μm, but when the solidification pressure increases to 450 KPa, the refinement of grain is obviously, and the SDAS is 20.7μm, which is reduced by 45.3% comparing to solidification under 250 KPa. Moreover, when solidification pressure higher, the effect of feeding force becomes more evident, and the dendrite is broken when the feeding force higher than the strength of dendrite. Therefore, the grain size becomes more and more uniform and thin, and the (SDAS) of aluminum alloy are more and more small.
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8

Vázquez-López, C., A. Calderón, M. E. Rodríguez, et al. "Influence of dendrite arm spacing on the thermal conductivity of an aluminum-silicon casting alloy." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 1 (2000): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0016.

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The photoacoustic technique and the thermal relaxation method were used to determine the thermal conductivity of some representative samples obtained from an aluminumsilicon casting alloy A319. This material was solidified with an imposed unidirectional thermal gradient to obtain samples with different microstructures characterized by the secondary dendrite arm spacing, which increases as the solidification rate decreases. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the alloy decreases with an increase in the secondary dendrite arm spacing and a decrease in the integral dendrite perimeter.
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9

Zhu, Zhuang Qing, Fu Sheng Pan, Chong Zhao, and Yao Bo Hu. "Effect of Calcium and Strontium on Microstructure of AZ31 Wrought Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.30.

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AZ31 wrought alloys at as-cast state with different microcontent calcium and strontium was studied by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The study shows that the primary dendrite spacing and the secondary dendrite arm spacing can be refined significantly by Ca or Sr element. At 0.5wt.% Sr and 1.8wt.% Ca, the best refinement effect is fulfilled, its primary dendrite spacing and secondary dendrite arm spacing decreased from 292μm to 87μm. The Al4Sr intermetallic compound is observed at grain boundaries When Sr was added. The Al4Sr disappears after Ca added, a new ternary intermetallic compound (Mg, Al)2Ca presents. The addition of Sr and Ca can cause microhardness increasing.
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10

Yang, Chun Mei, Ding Fei Zhang, Pei Dao Ding, Jian Peng, and Xu Hong Chen. "Effects of Cooling Rate on Solidification Microstructure of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.295.

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In this paper, the influence of the cooling rate on the solidified structure of ZK60 Mg alloy has been studied by means of Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation instrument. The result showed that the grain size and grain shape depended on the cooling rate, Primary Dendrite Arm Space ( λI ) and Secondary Dendrite Arm Space ( λII) sharply decreased with the increasing of solidifying cooling rate (v) in the range of experimental cooling rate (0.2~100K/s). When superheat was constant, the empirical formulas of the relation between λI λII and v was obtained. In addition, the dependence between micro-hardness (HV) and Secondary Dendrite Arm Space ( λII) for ZK60 casting alloy was proved to be similar with Hall-Petch formula. The empirical formula for λII-HV has been proposed.
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11

Zhao, Jing Wei, Zheng Yi Jiang, and Dong Bin Wei. "Analysis of Elemental Segregation in a Microalloyed Cast Steel." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 2465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2465.

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Quantitative investigation is made on the elemental segregation in different zones of a heavy microalloyed cast steel by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that C shows serious segregation tendency than that of Mn and Si, and the degree of C segregation in the surface zone is higher than that in the central zone. C enrichment is generally observed at both dendrite arm and grain boundaries, and more C segregation at dendrite arm boundary in contrast to that at grain boundary is found in this steel. The distribution of C concentration shows a decreased trend from root to tip along the dendrite arm boundary. The C concentration at trigeminal boundary intersection shows higher level than that at other position of the grain boundaries.
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12

He, Zhi. "The Coarsening of Dendrite Arm Spacing during Solidification of Al-Cu-Mn Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2029.

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A secondary dendrite arm spacing coarsening model for multi-component alloy is proposed, where the back diffusion flux in solid is simplified by introducing the parameter of solute boundary layer,δi. The simplified model was applied to the predication of the secondary arm spacing of directional solidified Al-Cu-Mn alloy. The good agreement between the experimental results and the calculated lines shows that this simplified model is satisfactory for the prediction of dendrite arm coarsening during solidification in multi-component alloys.
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13

Park, Sang Han, Hisao Esaka, and Kei Shinozuka. "Mechanism of Equalization for Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 76, no. 4 (2012): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.76.240.

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14

Ma, D., W. Xu, S. C. Ng, and Y. Li. "On secondary dendrite arm coarsening in peritectic solidification." Materials Science and Engineering: A 390, no. 1-2 (2005): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.07.032.

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15

Kumoto, E. A., R. O. Alhadeff, and M. A. Martorano. "Microsegregation and dendrite arm coarsening in tin bronze." Materials Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (2002): 1001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708302225005882.

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16

Yuan, Xun Feng, and Yan Yang. "Parameters Affecting Dendrite Growth of Fe-C Alloy in a Forced Flow." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.631.

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The phase-field model coupling with the concentration field and flow field is used to simulate the dendrite growth during isothermal solidification of Fe-C alloy in a forced flow. The effects of noise amplitude and interface thickness on the dendrite growth are studied. The results indicate that with noise amplitude increasing, the secondary dendrite arm average space(SDAAS) on the the upstream of the lateral principal branch decreases, but the dendrite tip velocity remained about the same. With an increase in the interface thickness, the principal and secondary branch of dendrite degenerated, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal changes from developed dendrite to compact dendrite, the dendrite tip solute concentration decreases first, then increases slowly.
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17

ÇADIRLI, E., and H. KAYA. "DENDRITIC GROWTH OF THE BINARY SUCCINONITRILE-CAMPHOR SYSTEM." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 06 (2007): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010767.

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Succinonitrile (SCN)–2 wt% Camphor (CAMP) alloy was unidirectionally solidified with a constant temperature gradient (G = 3.01 K/mm ) at different growth rates (V = 6.5–113 μ m/s ) and with a constant growth rate (V = 6.5 μ m/s ) at different temperature gradients (G = 1.93 - 3.01 K/mm ). Microstructural parameters (primary dendrite arm spacings, λ1, secondary dendrite arm spacings, λ2, dendrite tip radius, R, and mushy zone depth, d) were measured as a function of growth rate and temperature gradient. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical models and previous experimental works. The stability constant (σ) for this alloy system was calculated and compared with similar experimental results.
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18

Jiang, Li Wu, Shu Suo Li, and Ya Fang Han. "Effects of Conical Transition Section on Microstructure of a Ni3Al-Base Single Crystal Superalloy IC6SX." Materials Science Forum 650 (May 2010): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.650.214.

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Ni3Al based single crystal alloy IC6SX was prepared by election spiral crystal method. The effect of the conical transition section of the single crystal on the microstructure of the single crystal was studied in this work. The results showed that, in the crystal growth process, the effect of the conical transition section on the orientation of single crystal was significant. The yield ratio of the single crystal alloy specimen with <001> orientation could be improved significantly by adding cone transition section. With the angle of the cone transition section increasing from 20 º to 43 º, the dendrite arm spacing increased gradually, and dendrite morphology was coarsened and the third dendrite arm appeared.
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19

Budenkova, Olga, Florin Baltaretu, Sonja Steinbach, et al. "Modelling of Al-7%wtSi-1wt%Fe Ternary Alloy: Application to Space Experiments with a Rotating Magnetic Field." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.46.

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Recently several experiments on directional solidification of Al-6.5wt.Si-0.93wt.%Fe (AlSi7Fe1) alloy were performed under terrestrial conditions and onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in the Materials Science Lab (MSL) with use of electromagnetic stirring and without it. Analysis of the samples showed that stirring with a rotating magnetic field lead to the accumulation of iron-rich intermetallics in the center of the sample and influenced the primary dendrite spacing while the secondary dendrite arm spacing were not affected. In the present paper the accumulation of the intermetallics b-Al5SiFe in the center of the samples due to RMF stirring is demonstrated numerically and the evolution of primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing is discussed.
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20

ŞAHIN, M., E. ÇADIRLI, and H. KAYA. "INFLUENCE OF THE SOLIDIFICATION PARAMETERS ON DENDRITIC MICROSTRUCTURES IN UNSTEADY-STATE DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED OF LEAD–ANTIMONY ALLOY." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 05n06 (2010): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10014326.

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Pb-9.3wt.%Sb alloy was directionally solidified upwards under argon atmosphere under the two conditions; with different temperature gradients, (G = 0.93–3.67 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V = 17.50 μm/s) and with different growth rates (V = 8.30–497.00 μm/s) at a constant (G = 3.67 K/mm) in a Bridgman furnace. The dependence of characteristic microstructure parameters such as primary dendrite arm spacing (λ1), secondary dendrite arm spacing (λ2) and dendrite tip radius (R) on the growth rate (V) and the temperature gradient (G) were determined by using a linear regression analysis. A detailed analysis of microstructure were also made and compared with the theoretical models and similar experimental works on dendritic solidification in the literature.
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21

Hoó, Csaba, Ilona Teleszky, András Roósz, and Zsolt Csepeli. "Estimation of the Cooling Rate on the Basis of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing in Case of Continuous Cast Steel Slab." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.245.

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The different solidification processes occuring in steels can be well studied by using the microstructure investigation. The microstructure can be observed after the sample preparation by using a special type of Oberhoffer etching. The changes in the cooling rate can be described by determining the secondary dendrite arm spacing. A relative cooling rate can be calculated by applying the relationship between the secondary dendrite arm spacing and the cooling rate which characterises the changes of cooling conditions in the ingot during the solidification..
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22

Hamada, Yuichi, Kazusa Takahashi, Hisao Kamiya, and Masahiro Sonoo. "O3-045 Arm/forearm sparing in ALS." Clinical Neurophysiology 131, no. 10 (2020): e267-e268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.170.

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23

Mullis, Andrew M. "An analytical geometrical model for secondary dendrite arm detachment." Scripta Materialia 54, no. 5 (2006): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.022.

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24

Kraft, T., and Y. A. Chang. "Discussion of “Effect of dendrite arm coarsening on microsegregation”." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 29, no. 9 (1998): 2447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0120-3.

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25

Kirkwood, D. H. "A simple model for dendrite arm coarsening during solidification." Materials Science and Engineering 73 (August 1985): L1—L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(85)90319-2.

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26

Vandersluis, Eli, and Comondore Ravindran. "Comparison of Measurement Methods for Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing." Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 6, no. 1 (2017): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13632-016-0331-8.

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27

Kim, Geunwon, Anna Rose Johnson, Ryoko Hamaguchi, Michael Adondakis, Leo L. Tsai, and Dhruv Singhal. "Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Sparing Centered Along the Cephalic Vein." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 37, no. 06 (2021): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722648.

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Abstract: Background A distinct pattern of edema distribution is seen in breast cancer-related lymphedema. The area of edema sparing has not been characterized in relation to anatomy. Specifically, alternate lymphatic pathways are known to travel adjacent to the cephalic vein. Our study aims to define the location of edema sparing in the arm relative to the cephalic vein. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between March 2017 and September 2018 was performed. Variables including patient demographics, arm volumes, and MRI data were extracted. MRIs were reviewed to define the amount of sparing, or angle of sparing, and the deviation between the center of sparing and the cephalic vein, or angle of deviation. Results A total of 34 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. Five patients demonstrated circumferential edema (no sparing) and 29 patients demonstrated areas of edema sparing. Advanced age (69.7 vs. 57.6 years) and greater excess arm volume (40.4 vs. 20.8%) correlated with having circumferential edema without sparing (p = 0.003). In 29 patients with areas of edema sparing, the upper arm demonstrated the greatest angle of sparing (183.2 degrees) and the narrowest in the forearm (99.9 degrees; p = 0.0032). The mean angle of deviation to the cephalic vein measured 3.2, –0.1, and –5.2 degrees at the upper arm, elbow, and forearm, respectively. Conclusion Our study found that the area of edema sparing, when present, is centered around the cephalic vein. This may be explained by the presence of the Mascagni-Sappey (M-S) pathway as it is located alongside the cephalic vein. Our findings represent a key springboard for additional research to better elucidate any trends between the presence of the M-S pathway, areas of sparing, and severity of lymphedema.
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28

Elmquist, Lennart, Attila Diószegi, and Peter Svidró. "Influence of Primary Austenite on the Nucleation of Eutectic Cells." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.61.

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The solidification of gray cast iron starts with the precipitation of primary austenite. This phase nucleates either as columnar or equiaxed dendrites depending on whether nucleation occurs on the mould wall or on particles and impurities in the melt. In this work, the nucleation of primary austenite and its influence on the eutectic solidification has been investigated using different amounts of iron powder as inoculants. Besides, the influence of different cooling rates was also examined. Within each austenite grain there is a microstructure, and this microstructure was investigated using a color etching technique to reveal the eutectic cells and the dendritic network. It is shown how the cooling rate affects the dendritic network and the secondary dendrite arm spacing, and how the microstructure can be related to the macrostructure through dendrite arm spacing. The secondary dendrite arm spacing is a quantification of the primary austenite belonging to the primary solidification, and it will be shown how the eutectic cell size is related to the secondary dendrite arm spacing. The total amount of oxygen influences the microstructural dimensions. This effect, on the other hand, is influenced by the cooling rate. The number of eutectic cells versus eutectic cell size show two distinct behaviors depending on whether being inoculated with iron powder or a mixture of iron powder and commercial inoculant. The addition of a commercial inoculant decreases eutectic cell size and increases the number of cells, while iron powder almost only changes cell size.
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29

Zhai, L., H. Peng, Y. Liu, Y. Lei, S. Deng, and X. P. Su. "The influence of morphology and crystal orientation of spangles on hot-dip Zn-0.5Sn alloy coating." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 57, no. 1 (2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb200726004z.

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The study on the surface morphology and crystal orientation of the Zn-0.5Sn coating could offer some guidance to improve the surface performance of the hot-dip galvanizing coating. In this paper, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze the typical morphology and the element distribution of spangles. The surface texture of the coating was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to analyze the crystal orientation of spangles. The results show that Sn segregates among the spangle dendrites while a metastable divorced eutectic structure can be maintained in the tin-rich phase, where the composition tends to be very similar. The crystal orientation of spangles affects their morphology, leading to the formation of feathery, ridged, and orthogonal dendrite arm spangles. When the angle among the <0001> orientation of the spangle crystal and the normal of the steel base surface changes from 0? to 90?, feathery spangles change to orthogonal dendrite arms spangles. The misorientation within a spangle is small while that among spangles is quite large. The orientation changes in the direction of the dendrite arm are relatively smooth and low, while the orientation changes which are perpendicular to the dendrite arm have a saltatory and irregular fluctuation.
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30

Pan, Jie Hua, Ke Zhun He, Meng Wang, and Jian Min Zeng. "Influence of some Chemical Elements on SDAS of A357 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 1020 (February 2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1020.3.

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A solidification model of coarsening coefficient for the criterion of secondary dendrite arm spacing has been established in this paper. When the model is applied to aluminum cast alloy, it is found that the model is in good agreement with the experiment results. Experiments and analysis show that addition of some chemical elements is conducive to the refinement of the secondary dendrite arm spacing under the same solidification condition. Different chemical elements have different refining effects, and Zr and Ti have better refining effect on A357 aluminum cast alloy than Cu.
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31

ŞAHİN, MEVLÜT, and EMİN ÇADIRLI. "SOLIDIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS AND MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF Zn-1.26wt.% Al ALLOY." Surface Review and Letters 18, no. 06 (2011): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x1101476x.

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Zn–1.26 wt.% Al alloy was directionally solidified upward with a constant growth rate (V = 16.6 μm/s) in a wide range of temperature gradients (G = 1.94–5.15 K/mm) and with a constant temperature gradient (G = 5.15 K/mm) in a wide range of growth rates (V = 8.3–500 μm/s) with a Bridgman-type directional solidification furnace. Microstructure parameters, the primary dendrite arm spacing (λ1), secondary dendrite arm spacing (λ2) and dendrite tip radius (R), were measured and expressed as functions of G and V by using a linear regression analysis method. It was found that the values of λ1, λ2 and R decrease with increasing values of V and G. The experimental results were compared with the main predictive theoretical and experimental works for dendritic spacings.
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32

Xu, Yu, Xiu-Jie Xu, Zhuang Li, Tao Wang, An-Yuan Deng, and En-Gang Wang. "Dendrite Growth Characteristics and Segregation Control of Bearing Steel Billet with Rotational Electromagnetic Stirring." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 4 (2017): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0128.

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AbstractThe effects of rotational electromagnetic stirring (R-EMS) on dendrite growth characteristics and segregation control of bearing steel billet were investigated in continuous casting. The results show that applying R-EMS can promote columnar-equiaxed transition, increase the region of the equiaxed grain from 5 % to 45 %, decrease the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), and reduce the segregation of both carbon and sulfur. Meanwhile, the fragments of dendrite arms induced by R-EMS are observed. The length of the dendrite fragmentation is approximately 1.5 mm, 7–10 times the SDAS. Some fragments can partially remelt to become effective nuclei, and some fragments survive the solidification process.
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33

Qi, Xin Bo, Yun Chen, Xiu Hong Kang, and Dian Zhong Li. "The Effect of Natural Convection on Equiaxed Dendritic Growth: Quantitative Phase-Field Simulation and Comparison with Synchrotron X-Ray Radiography Monitoring Data." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5286168.

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A two-dimensional (2D) quantitative phase-field model solved by adaptive finite element method is employed to investigate the effect of natural convection on equiaxed dendritic growth of Al-4 wt.%Cu alloy under continuous cooling condition. The simulated results are compared with diffusion-limited simulations as well as the experimental data obtained by means of in situ and real-time X-ray imaging technique. The results demonstrate that natural convection induced by solute gradients around the dendritic crystal has an obvious influence on the dendrite morphology and growth dynamics. Since the rejected solute cooper from solid is heavier than aluminum, it sinks down along the interface from the top arm tip to the bottom arm which results in the formation of a circulatory flow vortex on both sides of the dendrite. Hence, the convection promotes the top arm advancing into the melt progressively whereas it suppresses the growth of bottom severely. As the dendrite grows into a large size, the convection becomes more intense and the morphology shows distinguished asymmetric shape. When compared with experimental data, the growth velocity is found to agree substantially better with the simulation incorporating natural convection than the purely diffusive phase-field predictions.
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34

Yamanoglu, R., M. Zeren, and Randall German. "Solidification characteristics of atomized AlCu4Mg1-SiC composite powders." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 48, no. 1 (2012): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb110717005y.

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In this study, rapidly solidified metal matrix composite powders have been produced by PREP (Plasma rotating electrode process) atomization. AlCu4Mg1 alloy is used as the matrix material while SiC particles, with about 650 nm average particle size, are used as the reinforcement phase. The microstructural and solidification characteristics of composite particles are studied using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The relationship between secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and particle diameter was examined, and these composite powders were found to have dendritic and equiaxed solidification with a fine eutectic phase. SDAS measurements using various sized particles show that secondary dendrite arm spacing slightly decreases with the decrease in particle size.
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35

Gawert, Christian, and Rüdiger Bähr. "Automatic Determination of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing in AlSi-Cast Microstructures." Materials 14, no. 11 (2021): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112827.

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A new procedure for the automatic measurement of the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) from microscopic images is presented. The individual primary and secondary dendrite arms are identified through suitable segmentation techniques and clustered in such a way that dendritic structures are obtained suitable for SDAS measurement. The algorithms are applied to two different hypoeutectic aluminum cast alloys, and the quality of the measurements obtained is assessed through a comparison to manually measured SDAS values. A good agreement between the automated measurements and the distribution of manual measurements is found for both cast structures considered. In addition, a decrease in computation time is observed which allows for an increase in measurement density that is used to characterize the microstructures.
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36

Cicutti, C., P. Bilmes, and R. Boeri. "Estimation of primary dendrite arm spacings in continuous casting products." Scripta Materialia 37, no. 5 (1997): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(97)00148-6.

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37

Radhakrishna, K., and S. Seshan. "Dendrite Arm Spacing and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Castings." Cast Metals 2, no. 1 (1989): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09534962.1989.11818980.

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38

Zhong, Hong, Shuangming Li, Lin Liu, Haiyan Lü, Guangrong Zou, and Hengzhi Fu. "Secondary dendrite arm coarsening and peritectic reaction in NdFeB alloys." Journal of Crystal Growth 311, no. 2 (2009): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.11.047.

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39

Peng, Jian, Jian Quan Tao, Shi Bo Fan, and Fu Sheng Pan. "Effect of Melt Superheating Treatment on the Microstructure of as Cast AZ61 Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.74.

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The influence of melt superheating treatment on microstructure of as cast AZ61 magnesium alloy was investigated at the melt superheating temperatures of 750°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C and 950°C respectively. The characteristics of dendrite spacing were analyzed and the component uniformity of the alloy was evaluated. The results showed that the melt superheating treatment could significantly refine the microstructure of the alloy. With the increase of the superheating temperature, the dendrite spacing gradually decreased. When the superheating temperature was 900°C, the primary dendrite spacing of 228.8μm and the secondary dendrite arm spacing of 11.2μm could be obtained. The concentrations of Al and Zn elements increased with the position change from the center of a dendrite to its primary dendrite spacing. With the increase of the superheating temperature, the distribution of Zn and Al in the alloy was more uniform under 850°C. The optimized superheating temperature of AZ61 alloy was 850-900°C.
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40

Mizutani, Yoshiki, Jun Kawata, Kenji Miwa, Kazuo Yasue, Takuya Tamura, and Yasuji Sakaguchi. "Effect of the frequency of electromagnetic vibrations on microstructural refinement of AZ91D magnesium alloy." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 10 (2004): 2997–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0369.

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The static magnetic field and the alternating electric field were simultaneously imposed on AZ91D magnesium alloy melt, and α-dendrite particles were refined by the electromagnetic vibrations. The effect of the frequency of electromagnetic vibrations on microstructural refinement was quantitatively investigated. In the frequency range from 60 to 1000 Hz, the vibration frequency near 200 Hz was the most effective for the refinement of α-dendrite particles, and α-dendrite particles were refined up to approximately 100 μm from 1800 μm at this frequency. However, the effect of refinement by the electromagnetic vibrations became weak at frequencies above 400 Hz. Although the degree of refinement of the primary particles differed with the frequency of the electromagnetic vibrations, the dendrite arm spacing was almost constant, 30–40 μm, in our experiment. Therefore, the refinement of primary α-dendrite particles is likely to be caused by collapse of dendrite arms due to the cavitation phenomenon and the stirring of the melt.
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41

Paliwal, M., Dae H. Kang, Elhachmi Essadiqi, and In Ho Jung. "Evolution of as-Cast Microstructure of Mg-Al Alloys with Solute Content and Cooling Rate." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.362.

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Although numerous solidification experiments have been conducted for Al, Cu and Si alloys to investigate microstructural features like primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing, solute distribution with in secondary arms and second phase fraction, no systematic solidification study on Mg alloys has been performed to understand the evolution of microstructural features as a function of cooling rate and solute content. The present study focuses on the experimental microstructural evolution of Mg-3, 6 and 9 wt. % Al alloys in the cooling rate range of 1 K/sec to 1000 K/sec. The results suggest that secondary dendrite arm spacing and amount of second phase formation are strongly dependent on both solute content and cooling rate.
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42

Zhao, Guang Wei, Xi Cong Ye, Zeng Min Shi, and Wen Jun Liu. "Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Al-5.17Cu-2.63Si Cast Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.157.

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The effect of cooling rate on the solicitation microstructure of a ternary cast Al-5.17Cu-2.63Si alloy is investigated. To create widely different cooling rates for the investigated alloy, the melts were cast into four molds made of different materials: aluminum, graphite, sand, and alumina-silicate-fiber felt (a thermal insulated material), respectively. The cooling curves for each mold specimen were simultaneously measured using calibrated K-type thermocouples, which are linked to a PC computer. The microstructures are characterized in terms of eutectic volume fraction and second dendrite arm spacing. The experiment result shows that increasing the cooling rate increases the amount of eutectic phase and decreases significantly the second dendrite arm spacing.
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43

Ait El Haj, Badiâ, Aboubakr Bouayad, and Mohammed Alami. "Effect of Mould Temperature and Melt Treatment on Properties of an AlSi9 Cast Alloy - Thermal and Microstructural Investigations." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 55 (July 2015): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.55.12.

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In this study we used the cast TATUR samples that promotes the formation of an AlSi alloy porosity through a variable temperature gradient from top to bottom of the specimen. The die (permanent mold) was instrumented by thermocouples in order to follow the cooling of the specimen in several emplacements. Thermal analyses via cooling curves have been correlated to the microstructural data (SDAS measurement). Samples were cut from all castings and analyzed by optical microscopy in order to get the Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) variation in function of cooling rates in the casting. The present work shows the effect of various pre-heating mould temperature and melt treatment on secondary dendrite arm spacing.
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44

Ma, Teng, Junting Zhang, Xiaochao Cui, and Xiaosi Sun. "Simulation of Solidified Microstructure and Experimental Comparative Study of Twin-Roll Casting Aluminum Alloys." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9304038.

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A coupled macro-micro mathematical model of twin-roll casting was established in the study. The continuous solidification process of Al-10Mg aluminum alloys in front of the nip point was numerically simulated by the cellular automaton method and the solidification microstructure, dendritic grain radius, and secondary dendrite arm spacing were obtained through simulation to predict the mechanical property of wedge strips. In order to verify the reliability of the simulation results, the metallographic examination and tensile tests were performed with the as-cast specimens. The results showed that the gain size, the distribution characteristics of various grain regions, dendrite arm spacing, and the yield strengths obtained from simulation were consistent with experimental results.
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45

Acer, Emine, Harun Erol, and Mehmet Gündüz. "Relationship between Growth Rates and Dendritic Microstructure Parameters in Al-5wt. Zn Binary Alloy." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.215.

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Al-5 wt.% Zn samples were prepared using high purity (99.99%) metals in graphite crucibles. The samples were directionally solidified upward with a constant temperature gradient (G= 5.5 Kmm-1) and different growth rates,V, (8.25-165 μm/s) in a Bridgman type directional solidification apparatus. The dendritic spacings (λ1: Primary dendrite arm spacing, and λ2: Secondary dendrite arm spacing) were measured from the longitudinal sections of the samples and λ1was also measured from the transverse sections. The measured spacings were expressed as functions of the growth rates by using a linear regression analysis. The effect ofVon λ1and λ2were investigated. The experimental results were compared with the results of the current theoretical and numerical models and similar previous experimental results.
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46

Djurdjevič, M., and M. Grzinčič. "The Effect of Major Alloying Elements on the Size of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing in the As-Cast Al-Si-Cu Alloys." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 1 (2012): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0004-2.

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The Effect of Major Alloying Elements on the Size of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing in the As-Cast Al-Si-Cu Alloys A comprehensive understanding of melt quality is of paramount importance for the control and prediction of actual casting characteristics. Among many phenomenon that occur during the solidification of castings, there are four that control structure and consequently mechanical properties: chemical composition, liquid metal treatment, cooling rate and temperature gradient. The cooling rate and alloy composition are most important among them. This paper investigates the effect of the major alloying elements (silicon and copper) of Al-Si-Cu alloys on the size of secondary dendrite arm spacing. It has been shown that both alloying elements have reasonable influence on the refinement of this solidification parameter.
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47

Zhang, Jian, Jin Guo Li, Tao Jin, Xiao Feng Sun, and Zhuang Qi Hu. "Effect of Withdrawal Rate on the Microstructures of a Single Crystal Ni-Base Superalloy." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1016.

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A single crystal Ni-base superalloy was prepared with five withdrawal rates: 2, 4, 6, 7 and 10 mm/min. Microstructures including dendrite arm spacing, element segregation, and porosity of the as-cast superalloy were investigated. The results showed that as the withdrawal rate increasing, the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing decreased markedly, the γ/γ′ eutectic became smaller and more dispersive. Meanwhile, when withdrawal rate was higher, W, Ti, Ta and Al segregated in comparatively larger extent. Furthermore, as the withdrawal rate increasing, the amount of alloy microporosity increased, though the size of which decreased gradually. It can be concluded that the withdrawal rate of 4 mm/min and 6 mm/min are optimal for the experimental alloy.
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48

Tan, Dong Yue, and Jia Wei Mi. "High Speed Imaging Study of the Dynamics of Ultrasonic Bubbles at a Liquid-Solid Interface." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.230.

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High speed imaging, including the ultrafast synchrotron X-ray imaging facility at the beamline 32-ID-B of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), was used to study in-situ (1) the dynamics of ultrasonic bubbles inside a water suspension with an acoustic field of varied pressure; and (2) the interaction of a pulsing bubble at a primary dendrite arm tip inside a succinonitrile-1wt% camphor organic transparent alloy. A simple finite element based model was developed to simulate the stress distribution inside the dendrite due to the pulsing of the ultrasonic bubble, providing more evidence for understanding quantitatively the ultrasonic wave induced dendrite fragmentation phenomenon.
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49

Sun, Shao Chun, Wei Tai Xu, Yan Zhang, et al. "A New Type Mold Shell Used for Turbine Blade Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.392.

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Mold shell with higher thermal conductivity was introduced in the article. Reinforced by the carbon fiber, the new type sol silicate mold shell could be made with much less layers while without reducing its strength. Therefore, the new-type mold shell should have higher thermal conductivity. Then measure its thickness, bend strength, analyze the dendritic crystal of the casting manufactured with the new-type mold shell. It was proved that the thickness had reduced by 25% and the bend strength did not decrease. And it performs better in the detection: the dendrite crystals are refined, the primary and secondary dendrite arm space are decreased, the secondary dendrite arms are restrained.
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50

Qu, Ying Dong, Rong De Li, Yan Hua Bai, Qiang Li, Hong Wang Yang, and Rui Chun Wang. "Simulation of Grain Growing Process of Zinc-Aluminium Alloy under High Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.228.

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Under high pressure of more than 1GPa, the grain growing process of Zinc-Aluminium (ZA) alloy is difficult observed by experimental method, therefore numerical simulation method is used to observe grain growing process of ZA alloy. Pressure as a important variable is leading-in thermodynamic parameters of ZA alloy, then solute diffusion and redistribution model, grain nucleating and growing model are present, and dendrite growth module is applied to describe grain growth. The simulation results of grain growth process under high pressure are demonstrated: In the initially solidification stage, grains are equiaxed growing process, after 15s solidification time, dendrite arm size are not equal, the reason is there are nonhomogeneous temperature fields around grains, which make some grains appear fast growing velocity, even it can be observed that dendrite arm of different grains are meet each other at 25s solidification time. Comparing simulated microstructure with experimental microstructure under 2GPa high pressure, it shows both grain size and grain distribution are similar, proving that the grain growing process can be well observed by simulation method.
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