Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DASH diet'
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Van, Oss Jennifer. "The Relationship between Physical Activity and DASH Diet Adherence." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353342272.
Full textLATTIN, BARBARA. "EFFICACY OF THE DASH DIET TO MANAGE BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG ADOLESCENTS: CASE STUDY FINDINGS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1089999374.
Full textRooney, Melissa A. "Cross-sectional analysis of dietary energy density and dietary quality in teens and adolescents." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416232159.
Full textМилославський, Д., І. Снігурська, В. Божко, and О. Щенявська. "Профілактичні ефекти дієтотерапії у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу з метаболічним синдромом." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64173.
Full textDietetyczna terapia jest jednym z głównych elementów strategii profilaktycznej podstawowych środków u pacjentów z choroba nadciśnieniowa i metabolicznym zespołem. Niskosłodzona dieta DASH w połączeniu z terapią przeciwnadciśnieniową prowadziła do osiągnięcia do celowych poziomów ciśnienia krwi i lipidów, zmniejszenia masy ciała, normalizacji we krwi kwasu moczowego i glukozy.
Мета: вивчення профілактичних можливостей дієтотерапії (ДТ) у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу (ГХ) з ознаками метаболічного синдрому (МС).
Moussa, Iman. "Behavioral Skills Compliance and Blood Pressure Outcomes in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure Participating in a Dietary Intervention Focusing on the DASH Diet." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1249948606.
Full textKampman, Katherine L. "Comparing Different Approaches to Promoting Adherence to a DASH Diet in Adolescents with Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307125122.
Full textBaker, Rachel. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Sleep Patterns and DASH dietary Adherence among Hypertensive Adolescents: The DASH-4-Teens Program." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522419725606895.
Full textBernard, Kathryn Susan. "Differences in Dietary Intakes Of African Americans By Hypertension Status." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267036075.
Full textCelestini, Analisa. "Associação entre níveis pressóricos e o consumo alimentar de uma dieta tipo DASH em indivíduos adultos de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14813.
Full textBackground: Recommendations for the control of hypertension include weight control, the restriction of sodium intake and the consumption of alcoholic beverages, as well as adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Objective: To evaluate the association between consumption of a DASH-type diet and blood pressure within the adult population of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Population and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population-based sampling of 1629 adults between 18 and 90 years old. Interviews were conducted at participants’ homes by certified interviewers, using standardized protocols, including a food frequency questionnaire validated for this population. Weight and height were measured, in addition to blood pressure (four measurements), using a automated validate device (OMRON CP-705). Daily dietary intakes were estimated and categorized into the alimentary groups of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and whole grains that make up the DASH score. Analyses of variance, multiple linear regression, and multivariate logistic regression were undertaken for this study. Results: Approximately 21% of the population consumed a DASH-type diet. Individuals in the lower quintile of fruit consumption had higher systolic (129.4 ±1.1 mmHg) and diastolic means (78.2 ±0.7 mmHg) than those in the higher quintile (125.3 ±1.1 and 76.9 ±0.7 mmHg, respectively), as well as those participants who consumed regular and low-fat dairy products and of whole grains (for systolic pressure only). The DASH score was inversely and independently associated with hypertension; participants situated in the lower category had nearly fourteen times greater risk than those in the higher category (OR= 14.4; 95%CI: 1.8- 117.9). Conclusions: The adult population of Porto Alegre consumed groups of the DASH diet, but only one fifth presented a DASH-type diet. The present findings confirm the benefits of the DASH diet on blood pressure in a non-intervention setting.
Blaut, Jessica A. "The relationship between diet self-monitoring and healthful dietary pattern changes in adolescents with elevated blood pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367937841.
Full textMoore, Rebecca. "The relationship between a dietary pattern high in fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy, and whole grains and low in red meat and vascular structure and function in individuals with type 2 diabetes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439307990.
Full textGoins, Laura K. "The Effect of DASH Dietary Adherence and Participant Characteristics on CVD Risk Factor Response to a DASH Dietary Intervention in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504871786313111.
Full textLee, Bekah. "The Relationship between Sleep Duration and Compliance to the DASH diet in Adolescents with High Blood Pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1394724938.
Full textLattin, Barbara. "Efficacy of the DASH diet to manage blood pressure among adolescents case study findings /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1089999374.
Full textJernigan, Sara M. "Acceptability and Feasibility of a Dietary and Exercise Intervention Delivered via Telehealth Emphasizing the DASH Diet and High Intensity Interval Training for Adolescents with Elevated Weight Status: The DASH-IT Pilot Study." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563874531001719.
Full textGuo, Yuanjing M. S. "DASH Intervention Effects on Home Food Environment and Diet Quality among Adolescents with Pre-hypertension and Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470045434.
Full textAsh, Kathleen. "The relationship between family history of disease and adherence to a DASH dietary pattern by adolescents with high blood pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377873666.
Full textWagner, Allison. "Changes in knowledge, self efficacy and diet among adolescents with hypertension in response to a DASH diet Intervention utilizing the social cognitive theory." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1132255980.
Full textWAGNER, ALLISON M. "CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE, SELF-EFFICACY AND DIET AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DASH DIET INTERVENTION UTILIZING THE SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1132255980.
Full textRODRIGUEZ, VALERIE ALEXANDRIA. "A LITERATURE REVIEW: CHRONIC INFLAMATION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/618767.
Full textDorough, Ashley E. "Dash 2 Wellness: Effects of a Multi-Component Lifestyle Modification Program on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Blood Pressure in Prehypertensive Middle-Aged Adults, a Randomized Controlled Trial." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37736.
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Ollberding, Nicholas Jay. "Changes in Food Sources of Fat, Cholesterol, and Protein in the Diets of Adolescents with Hypertension in Response to a Dietary Intervention Focusing on Fruits, Vegetables, and Low-fat Dairy Foods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211902693.
Full textThopy, Amanda J. "Effects of the DASH diet on brachial artery flow mediated dilation in adolescents with pre-hypertension and hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307125200.
Full textJenny, Lee. "The Relationship between Food Monitoring and Dietary and Blood Pressure Changes in Youth Participating in a Behavioral Nutrition Intervention focused on a DASH-type Diet." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243020223.
Full textWANSAPURA, ARSHANI N. "CHANGES IN FOOD SOURCES OF SODIUM IN THE DIETS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DIETARY INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING A DASH TYPE DIET." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1154703684.
Full textLemmons, Kaitlyn. "The Relationship between Fiber Consumption and Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535459193803657.
Full textThomas, Ingrid M. "Changes in Food Sources of Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium in the Diets of Adolescents with Hypertension in Response to a Behavioral Nutrition Intervention Emphasizing Fruit, Vegetable, and Low-fat Dairy Foods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1311775395.
Full textMeuser, Ashley R. "Changes in Social Cognitive Theory Constructs Influence Changes in Consumption of Fruits, Vegetables, Low-Fat Dairy Products, and High Fat/High Sodium Foods in Adolescents with Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282167496.
Full textWoods, Rachel P. "Use of the Glycemic Index and the DASH diet to Lower Blood Pressure in Adolescents with Hypertension and Pre-Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1259077919.
Full textMaco, Kimberly. "Blood Glucose Variability in Relation to Eating Frequency, Composition, and Meal Size in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Following a DASH Dietary Pattern." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470753751.
Full textMagier, Adam Z. "Design and Process Evaluation of a High Intensity Interval Training Program for Adolescents who are Overweight or Obese and are Enrolled in a Multi-modal Intervention." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554373454906181.
Full textEchevarría-Castro, Nataly, Andrea Matayoshi-Pérez, and Germán F. Alvarado. "Association between Maternal Depressive Symptoms with Overweight/Obesity among Children Aged 0-5 Years According to the 2016 Demographic and Family Health Survey." Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655584.
Full textRevisión por pares
Medhammar, Elinor. "eHälsa som stöd för att förbättra kostvanor hos patienter med hypertoni : En digital interventionsstudie med DASH-kost." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medicin och optometri (MEO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105293.
Full textBackground: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a well-established non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension but is rarely used in traditional health care due to lack of time and resources. Digital methods may be better suited to provide long-term support. This study is the first digital nutrition intervention with DASH diet in a total digital health care environment. Aim: The purpose of the current study is to investigate adherence to DASH diet and self-reported experience of a digital nutrition intervention for patients with hypertension. Material and methods: The study has an experimental design and was based on the platform of the digital healthcare provider “Blood Pressure Doctor”. Nineteen patients with primary hypertension received digital nutrition therapy based on the DASH diet for 8 weeks in addition to standard care. Video calls in combination with asynchronous text communication were used as communication tools. Dietary change was measured by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and after treatment and compiled in a DASH index. A questionnaire was used to assess patient experience. Secondary outcomes were changes in body weight, BMI, waist measurement and blood pressure. Statistical analysis was performed with Pared t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: DASH index improved by 1,4 points (p = <0,001). The patients had on average been diagnosed with hypertension for 6 years ± 8 SD (median 2 years) where only 2 of 19 had previously received dietary advice for hypertension. The patients generally had a positive experience of the digital nutrition intervention. Body weight and BMI decreased by 1,9 kg (p = <0,001) and 0,7 kg / m2 (<0,001), respectively. Waist decreased by 3,2 cm for male patients (p = 0,007) and 4 cm for female patients (p = 0,027). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 8,7 mmHg (p = <0,001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBT) by 4,6 mmHg (p = 0,004). Conclusion: The 8-week digital nutrition intervention improved dietary habits, body weight, BMI, waist and blood pressure of patients with hypertension. Patients were overall satisfied with the treatment. Digital nutritional therapy can be an alternative to traditional nutritional therapy for patients with hypertension.
Graeter, Margaret. "The relationship between dietary self-monitoring and blood pressure changes in adolescents with pre-hypertension or hypertension participating in a nutrition intervention emphasizing the DASH diet." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1312483409.
Full textCasanova, Marcela de Abreu. "Análise da concordância entre o plano dietético Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) e o padrão alimentar de pacientes hipertensos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5745.
Full textA adoção do plano dietético Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) tem sido enfatizado na população hipertensa como uma importante estratégia no controle dos níveis pressóricos elevados. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o consumo alimentar de macro e micronutrientes em pacientes hipertensos, em especial do sódio, cálcio, potássio e magnésio, e comparar com as recomendações dietéticas contidas no plano DASH. Estudo transversal envolvendo uma amostra de conveniência composta por 113 hipertensos entre 40 e 69 anos. A medida da pressão arterial (PA) foi determinada com aparelho eletrônico devidamente calibrado e a avaliação dietética obtida pelo questionário de freqüência do consumo alimentar. Os alimentos ingeridos foram convertidos em porções e distribuídos em diferentes grupos alimentares. A faixa de porções recomendadas pelo plano DASH foi determinada com base na média das necessidades energéticas desta amostra permitindo assim uma posterior comparação com o hábito alimentar dos hipertensos, utilizando um escore de pontos com pontuação máxima de 9 pontos. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos: grupo B que obteve 2,5 a 4,0 pontos (n=34; 30%), grupo M entre 4,5 a 5,0 pontos (n=43; 38%) e grupo A que obteve 5,5 a 8,0 pontos (n=36; 32%). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na média da PA sistólica (14024 vs 13823 vs 13515 mmHg) e diastólica (8617 vs 8813 vs 8410 mmHg). Apesar do grupo A consumir mais proteínas e gordura monoinsaturada, foi detectado um excesso pronunciado na ingestão de gordura saturada, colesterol e das calorias totais, por este grupo de pacientes. No que tange a ingestão dos micronutrientes, o grupo A apresentou consumo significativamente maior de cálcio, potássio e magnésio, refletido pela maior ingestão de vegetais e frutas em comparação aos grupos B e M. A média de ingestão do sódio intrínseco foi significativamente maior no grupo A (4,12,0 vs 3,11,1 vs 2,71,1 g/dia). Foram detectadas, apenas no grupo A, correlações entre PA sistólica e o percentual de proteína (r = -0,5; p=0,002) e PA sistólica e o percentual de carboidrato (r = 0,4; p=0,02). Apenas um terço dos hipertensos avaliados apresentaram padrão alimentar mais concordante com o plano DASH e com maior ingestão de proteínas, gordura monoinsaturada, fibras, cálcio, potássio e magnésio. Entretanto, o consumo mais elevado de sódio, gordura saturada, colesterol e das calorias totais por este grupo de pacientes poderia restringir uma maior queda dos níveis pressóricos elevados.
The adoption of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan has been emphasized in the hypertension population as an important strategy in the control of the raised blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to analyze the alimentary consumption of macro and micronutrients in hypertensive patients, especially of sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium, and to compare with the dietary recommendations contained in DASH plan. Transversal study was conducted in a convenience sample of 113 hypertensive patients, between 40 and 69 years. The BP measurement was determined with calibrated electronic device and the dietary assessment was performed trough the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. For comparison with DASH plan, ingested foods were converted into portions and the magnitude of the portions recommended for DASH plan was determined on the basis of the mean energy requirements of this sample. Thereafter, cut-off points were established for food groups, the maximum number of points that a patient could reach was 9. The sample was divided in tertils: Group L with 2.5 4.0 points (n=34; 30%), Group I with 4.5 5.0 points (n=43; 38%) and Group H with 5.5 8.0 points (n=36; 32%). Systolic and diastolic BP were not significantly different among the groups (14024 vs 13823 vs 13515 mmHg/ 8617 vs 8813 vs 8410 mmHg). Group H consumed more proteins and monoinsaturated fat, a pronounced excess in the saturated fat, cholesterol and total calories intake was also detected in this group of patients. Regarding micronutrients intake, group H presented significantly higher consumption of calcium, potassium and magnesium, reflected for higher vegetable and fruits intake in comparison to the groups L and I. The average of intrinsic sodium intake was significantly higher in the group H (4.12.0 vs 3.11.1 vs 2.71.1 g/day). Negative correlation between the systolic BP and dietary protein percentage (r=-0.5, p=0.002) and a positive correlation between the systolic BP and the carbohydrate percentage (r=0.4, p=0.02) was verified only in group H. The present study showed that only one third of the hypertensive patients presented alimentary pattern more consistent with DASH plan, showing greater intake of protein, monounsaturated fat, fiber, calcium, potassium and magnesium. However, pronounced sodium, saturated fat and cholesterol intake and excess of total calories in these hypertensive patients could restrict a greater control of BP.
Furfuro, Taynah Lara. "Consequências metabólicas das dietas paleolítica e vegetariana/vegan." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9667.
Full textCom o passar do tempo, os padrões alimentares sofreram processos de ramificação de modo a adequarem-se a diferentes necessidades, surgindo abordagens dietéticas díspares. Como tal, o objetivo desta investigação é identificar consequências metabólicas de duas destas vertentes: a dieta paleolítica e a dieta vegetariana/vegan. Assim, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica com as expressões “paleolithic diet AND metabolism” e “vegetarian diet AND metabolism” na base de dados PubMed e Scielo. Por um lado, a dieta paleolítica tenta reproduzir um padrão alimentar mais próximo do dos nossos ancestrais, preferindo alimentos provenientes da terra, da caça e da pesca. Alguns estudos levantam a hipótese desta dieta apresentar benefícios na síndrome metabólica. No entanto, pode promover um aumento do risco de deficiências vitamínicas e minerais devido às restrições específicas inerentes a esta dieta. Por outro lado, o vegetarianismo é um termo bastante vasto pois inclui diferentes vertentes dependendo dos alimentos de origem animal que exclui sendo, de uma forma geral, uma dieta à base de alimentos de origem vegetal. É estudada por diversos investigadores que admitem a possibilidade da mesma diminuir o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Contudo, a adoção de uma dieta vegetariana/vegan desequilibrada acarreta um aumento do risco de carências de alguns micronutrientes derivadas da exclusão de grupos alimentares. Assim, apesar de serem necessários mais estudos que clarifiquem os possíveis benefícios e riscos de cada dieta, é possível concluir que qualquer uma delas deve ser devidamente acompanhada nutricionalmente para permitir um aporte adequado de todos os nutrientes necessários para a saúde.
Over time, the dietary patterns undergone branching process to adapt to dissimilar needs, hence arising different dietary approaches. As such, the purpose of this investigation is to identify the metabolic consequences of two of said strands: the Paleolithic diet and the vegetarian/ vegan diet. On this account, a literature research was made applying the expressions “paleolithic diet AND metabolism” and “vegetarian diet AND metabolism” in the PubMed and Scielo database. On one hand, the Paleolithic diet tries to reproduce a dietary pattern closer to those of our ancestors, mainly adopting foods from the land, hunting and fishing. Some studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome benefits from this diet, however, it can also promote an increased risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to its specific dietary restrictions. On the other hand, vegetarianism is an extremely broad term, as it includes different regards depending on which animal products are being excluded, however being, in general, a plant-based diet. Researchers admit the possibility of it decreasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, embracing an unbalanced vegetarian/ vegan diet leads to an increased risk of some micronutrient’s deficiencies due to the exclusion of certain food groups. As follows, granting more studies should be carried out to elucidate the possible benefits and downsides of each diet, embracing any of these should go along with a well considered plan that includes all nutrients indispensable for one’s health.
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Damasceno, Roberta Pacheco. "Uso de recursos alimentares e eletividades na dieta de uma assembléia de anuros terrícolas das dunas do médio Rio São Francisco, Bahia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-21112005-122055/.
Full textThe discovery of an extremely abundant anuran terrestrial assemblage, that is syntopic to a peculiar fauna of lizards, snakes, and worm snakes, in a locality at the sand dune fields of the Middle São Francisco River (Bahia state, Brazil) motivated: (1) the study of food use and electivities of local anurans, (2) investigations about evidences of adaptation in anurans diet to the challenges of a semi-arid environment, and (3) the assessment of the impact caused by anurans on the Squamata syntopic assemblage already studied. Food use, food electivities, and ontogenetic variation in diet of the three most abundant anuran species were described, and premises about the adequacy of the used estimates of food use and food availability were tested. Evidences of adaptation in diet were assessed by comparison of the diet of anurans from the dunes and that of phylogenetically related species. Estimates of food use and availability were considered suitable. Bufo granulosus showed positive electivity for ants. Pleurodema diplolistris and Physalaemus albifrons had both positive electivities for beetles and negative electivities for termites and ants, respectively. No species changed the types of prey it consumed during ontogeny and this was not a spurious result of a narrow range of anurans size analyzed. B. granulosus and P. diplolistris ate bigger preys as they grew. There was no evidence of adaptation in B. granulosus diet and insufficient data precluded this analysis with P. diplolistris diet. Apomorphies registered in P. albifrons diet can be explained by ecological contemporary interactions with local herpetofauna components. Anurans do not seem to cause a big impact on Squamata syntopic species, because in general anurans and squamates show divergent food electivities and/or activity times. Moreover, most of this divergent pattern has probably evolved before the establishment of the current assemblage. Coincident positive electivities for ants of B. granulosus and the tropidurid Tropidurus psammonastes can be an indicative of contemporary competitive interactions between them, principally because they are very abundant at the dunes. But evidence of limiting resources are necessary to rise this hypothesis because divergent activity times preclude interference competition, but ants are very abundant at the dunes.
Oliveira, Claudimar de Jesus. "Avaliação comparativa, \"in vitro\" e \"in vivo\", das propriedades antioxidantes da dieta do estado de São Paulo com a Dieta Mediterrânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-22092017-110415/.
Full textThe good operation of the organism is intimately related with the alimentary consumption , since through the victuals we obtain essential nutrients for vital biological processes. Several researches have been accomplished with the purpose of being determined the antioxidant activity of composed in victuals and of general form, conducts and alimentary habits. Some dietary patterns are followed as model, being the case of the Mediterranean Diet. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of alimentary diets was evaluated (commonly denominated diets) consumed at two places: 1) state of São Paulo and 2) Greece. The diets were elaborated with victuals cooked and victuals in natura, inherent to each population, obtained through reports of official organs - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and European Commission (Health Monitoring Programme - it Dates Food Networking -DAFNE). After processing, those victuals were Iyophilized and then, triturated. For determination of the activity antioxidant in vitro, aliquots of the rations were degreased, due to the nature of the tests antioxidant in vitro. For determination of the activity antioxidant in vitro two rehearsals were accomplished: co-oxidation of linoléico acid and β-carotene and 2,2-difenil-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Besides activity antioxidant in vitro, were made executed in the diets for the determination of the centesimal composition, profile of fat acids and determination of compositions total phenolics compounds. After that out line, took place the biological rehearsal, where 30 male mice were used, of the lineage Wistar, recently weaned and submitted to 30 days of treatment, under controlled environmental conditions, after the ones which, the animals were sacrificed for the brain retreat, liver and it shapes. Rehearsals were accomplished in those tissues with the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the diets: activity of antioxidant enzymes in woven objective (Iiver and brain), peroxidation of tissues (Iiver, brain and it shapes) and profile of fat acids (Iiver, brain and it shapes). The obtained results indicated that the two studied diets maintained the organic integrity. An important fact is that the diet of the State of São Paulo was composed by accessible victuals and of regular habit in the studied national population, being that comparison qualitative with the Mediterranean Diet, a world reference. The National Diet of the State of São Paulo (DNSP) it possesses similar antioxidant activity to a reference model, Mediterranean Diet (DM).
CORRÊA, Daniele Niedsberg. "Ecologia alimentar das serpentes semi-aquáticas Erythrolamprus jaegeri jaegeri (Günter, 1858) e Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus (Cope, 1860) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) na região costeira do extremo sul do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2014. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/6031.
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Predadores exclusivamente carnívoros, as serpentes alimentam-se de presas variadas e ocupam diferentes hábitats. As adaptações evolutivas conferidas aos ofídios permitiram o desenvolvimento de múltiplos mecanismos de percepção da presa, modo de captura e estratégias que permitem a ingestão de presas bem maiores que seu próprio tamanho. Erythrolamprus jaegeri jaegeri e Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus são serpentes semi-aquáticas que ocorrem em simpatria no extremo sul do Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a composição da dieta dessas duas espécies e, mediante contrastes, investigar os fatores associados a essas diferenças. Para isso, foram utilizados exemplares provenientes da região de estudo, depositados em coleção Herpetológica da FURG (CHFURG). Os itens alimentares foram coletados, identificados ao menor nível taxonômico possível e medidos. Adicionalmente, todas as serpentes tiveram estruturas do corpo e da cabeça mensurados. Os itens alimentares foram analisados segundo métodos qualitativos e quantitativos como Frequência de Ocorrência (FO%), Abundância Numérica (N%), Análise Gravimétrica (P%) e Índice de Importância Relativa (IRI). Os itens mais importantes para ambas as espécies foram os anuros. Diferenças na composição da dieta e o índice de Levins indicaram um caráter especialista para E. j. jaegeri e generalista para E. p. sublineatus. E. p. sublineatus é estatisticamente maior do que E. j. jaegeri e se alimenta de itens maiores. Segundo as análises de regressão, as estruturas da cabeça parecem não interferir no tamanho das presas selecionadas, enquanto isso foi observada correlação positiva entre o comprimento e o peso de predadores e presas para as duas espécies. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar de simpátricas, a composição alimentar das espécies diverge segundo dois parâmetros: o tamanho do corpo do predador que está associado ao tamanho das presas selecionadas e a diferente amplitude de nicho de cada espécie, ambos permitindo que os recursos utilizados variem entre as espécies, diminuindo a competição e possibilitando a coexistência.
Exclusively carnivorous predators, snakes feed on various prey and occupy different habitats. The evolutionary adaptations conferred on snakes allows the development of multiple mechanisms that are the perception of the prey, capture mode and strategies that allow the ingestion of larger prey. Erythrolamprus jaegeri jaegeri and Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus are semi-aquatic snakes which live on the extreme southern Brazil. This study aimed to compare the diet of these two species and also investigate the factors associated with these differences. To performes this study we use specimens from Herpetological Collection from FURG (CHFURG). Food items were collected, identified and measured, including snakes that had injured body structures. Food items were analyzed according to the qualitative and quantitative methods as Frequency of Occurrence (FO%), Numerical abundance (% N), Gravimetric Analysis (P%) and Index of Relative Importance (IRI). The most important prey for both species were anurans. The comparison of differences in the diet and the Levins index indicated that E. j. jaegeri is specialist and E. p. sublineatus is generalist. The bar graphs to the length and weight of the predators and prey showed that E. p. sublineatus is statistically larger than E. j. jaegeri and prey on larger animals. According the regressions analysis, the structures of the head do not seem to interfere with the size of the selected prey, meanwhile positive correlation was observed between the length and weight of predators and prey for both species. Results indicated that although sympatric, food species composition differs according to two parameters: the body size of the predator that is associated with the size of the selected prey and different range of each species niche, allowing both the resources used to vary between species, reducing competition and allowing coexistence.
Mesquita, Paulo CÃsar Mattos Dourado de. "HistÃria natural das serpentes Oxibelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) (Squamata, Colubridae) e Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 (Squamata, Dipsadidae) em domÃnio de caatinga no estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6198.
Full textNeste trabalho foram realizados estudos detalhados sobre a ecologia de duas espÃcies serpentes ocorrentes no CearÃ, Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) e Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870. Ambas as espÃcies foram encontradas em campo durante todos os meses do ano, O. aeneus apresentou pico no perÃodo seco e P. nattereri foi mais facilmente encontrada no perÃodo chuvoso, ambas apresentaram atividade diurna, entretanto O. aeneus foi encontrada ativa principalmente nos horÃrios de temperatura mais amena enquanto, P. nattereri foi encontrada ativa nas horas mais quentes do dia. Quanto à alimentaÃÃo, observou-se que O. aeneus à especialista em lagartos, sendo capaz de predar anuros ocasionalmente e nÃo hà mudanÃas ontogenÃticas na preferÃncia alimentar desta espÃcie, enquanto P. nattereri à uma espÃcie generalista, havendo mudanÃa ontogenÃtica na alimentaÃÃo, jà que os adultos consomem um maior nÃmero de presas. Quanto à reproduÃÃo foi possÃvel saber que para O. aeneus, o ciclo reprodutivo das fÃmeas se ocorre estacionalmente de janeiro a julho e os machos apresentaram ciclo de produÃÃo de espermatozÃides prÃ-nupcial. Nesta espÃcie as fÃmeas apresentaram maior massa corpÃrea, porÃm nÃo foi encontrado dimorfismo em relaÃÃo ao comprimento caudal. O ciclo reprodutivo das fÃmeas de P. nattereri ocorre de fevereiro a outubro, e os machos aparentemente apresentam produÃÃo contÃnua de espermatozÃides. Esta espÃcie apresentou dimorfismo sexual em relaÃÃo ao comprimento caudal e a massa: os machos apresentaram a cauda relativamente mais longa e as fÃmeas, em geral, maior massa corpÃrea
It is presented a detailed study on the ecology of two species of snakes that occur on the state of CearÃ, Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) and Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870. Both species could be found in the field during all months of the year, O. aeneus presented a peak during the dry season while P. nattereri were more easily found during the raining season. Both presented diurnal activity but O. aeneus is active during the less warm hours of the day while P. nattereri is found during the warmer hours. About their dietary ecology we found that O. aeneus is a lizard-specialist that feed on frogs occasionally, there are no ontogenetic changes on this species diet and P. nattereri is a generalist predator with ontogenetic change in diet, once the adults feed on more categories of prey than the juveniles. We found that the reproductive cycle for females of O. aeneus goes from January to July and males present a pre-nuptial cycle. We found no sexual dimorphism in tail length for this species and females are usually heavier than the males. The reproductive cycle of P. nattereri is extended to females, from February to October and males apparently produce sperm continually. We found sexual dimorphism in tail length and mass, with male P. nattereri having relatively longer tails and females being heavier.
Nhamposse, Catarina Tivane. "Avaliação morfoquantitativa nos músculos estriados esqueléticos de ratos wistar (Rattus norvegicus) dos efeitos da dieta utilizada na alimentação de crianças das zonas rurais de Moçambique." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-18042013-154159/.
Full textMozambique is a country of Southern Africa where about 55% of the population lives below the absolute poverty line with less than one meal per day, hardly surviving based on donations. Food insecurity and precarious nutrition, especially in children, are factors that induce to levels of 44% chronic infant malnutrition (DC). DC is responsible for one third of deaths in children under five years. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphoquantitative effects in gastrocnemius muscle of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed with a diet utilized by people of rural areas of Mozambique. We used 75 Wistar rats weighing approximately 300 g divided in three groups: Nourished or control (N), Malnourished (D) and Mozambique or experimental group (M), measured at birth and weaning. The animals were kept under the same housing conditions, temperature, humidity and light, but fed with different diet depending on the group; Group N with normal protein diet (20% casein), Group D with hypo-proteic diet (5% casein) and group M with Mozambique diet. Body mass at birth and weaning was evaluated the right gastrocnemius muscle of male pups at weaning was colletcted for processing. Serial sections of 10 µm were performed in a cryostat prior to histology techniques of hematoxylin and eosin, picro-sirius, NADH-tr and analysis in transmission electron microscope. Statistical evaluation was determined by analysis of variance tests (ANOVA) and Tukey. Significant differences were found between groups N, D and M. Group M exhibit a great variation of body mass that was similar to group D; these animals (group M) also showed structural changes in muscle fiber which exhibited round-shaped contours, and a predominance of type III collagen similarly to malnourished group. Ultra structurally animals from Mozambique showed a disorganization of Z lines of sarcomeres and myofibrils disruption, decreased cross-sectional area and a smaller proportion of glycolytic and glycolytic-oxidative fibers, and higher percentage and cross-sectional area identical to group D with respect to oxidative fibers.
Cerda, Tamara Andrea Pardo. "Transição nutricional em comunidades indígenas do Salar de Atacama, norte do Chile: uma abordagem biocultural das mudanças na dieta e nutrição atacamenha." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-19032015-103614/.
Full textNative communities from Atacama desert have experienced several changes in their dietary patterns as a consequence of fast economic, social and cultural changes. These changes have contributed in a gradual abandonment of traditional food production activities as well as rapid adoption of industrialized food in their diet. However, there are no studies that provide a diagnosis of these changes of the dietary patterns and their potential impact in the nutritional state of the aforementioned native communities in a context of considerable changes of local and worldwide diet and nutrition. Thus, the goals of this research are to identify the changes in the dietary patterns occurring during the last three generations of the Atacama communities of Toconao and Talabre, and to evaluate the changes of the nutritional state of the adult population at last decades of both communities. The data collection was done using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first case, semi-structured interviews with the elderly of each community was performed in order to obtain an approximation to the dietary changes from a local and historical perspective. Additionally, free lists will be performed in people from three generations in order to visualize dietary preferences by generations. In the second case, antropometric measures of weight, height and body mass index was collected of the clinical records in the local heath center, including adults (between 18 to 90 years old) of the Toconao and Talabre communities. The results show drastic differences in food consumption between the three generations of both Atacama communities, with a loss in the consumption of traditional foods by the younger generations due to the substitution of local food for foreign food in the Atacama diet of Toconao and Talabre. From this research it is concluded that economic and political factors have contributed to this rapid change in subsistence systems and, consequently, in the diet and nutrition of these indigenous communities
Lima, Ana Maria Cristina Malta Araujo. "Ecologia comparativa das espécies do gênero Vanzosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) da Caatinga e do Cerrado." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8603.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Populations of species with a wide geographical distribution can be subjected of a broad range of environmental conditions, exposed to different selective pressures, which in association with time of isolation and genetic variability may induce to different adaptive responses (phenotypic plasticity). The genus Vanzosaura belongs to Gymnophthalmidae family having a diagonal distribution in dry areas of South America, occurring in at least three separate formations (Cerrado, Caatinga and Chaco). Herein, we compared data on reproduction, diet and morphology of individuals of the species Vanzosaura multiscuta, sampled in areas of Caatinga and V. rubricauda and V. savanicola from Cerrado. The diet of the species showed no significant differences, composed of spiders, orthoptera and plecoptera, the most consumed categories. Clutch size was the same for all species (02 eggs) what appears to be a synapomorphy in gymnophthalmids. Vanzosaura multiscutata showed continuous reproduction throughout the year with evidence of sequential litters and smaller eggs. Vanzosaura savanicola and V. rubricauda, had concentrated breeding in the dry season and early wet season with larger eggs. The species present morphometric differences, in which the Cerrado species showed greater length and snout vent lenght, wider body and shorter tail compared with the specie of the Caatinga. Both the phylogeny and the ecology influence the life history of Vanzosaura spp. The diet is more influenced by historical factors, and the morphology and reproduction by ecological factors.
Populações de espécies que apresentam uma ampla distribuição geográfica podem estar submetidas a uma grande variabilidade de condições ambientais e expostas a diferentes pressões seletivas que associadas ao tempo de isolamento e a variabilidade genética podem influenciar respostas adaptativas diferenciadas (plasticidade fenotípica). O gênero Vanzosaura pertence à família Gymnophthalmidae, e apresenta distribuição na diagonal de áreas secas da América do Sul, ocorrendo em pelo menos três formações distintas (Cerrado, Caatinga e Chaco). Neste trabalho comparamos dados de reprodução, dieta e morfometria de indivíduos das espécies V. multiscutata amostrados em área da Caatinga e V. savanicola e V. rubricauda do Cerrado. A dieta das espécies não apresentou diferenças significativas sendo as categorias mais consumidas aranhas, ortópteros e plecopteras. O tamanho da ninhada foi o mesmo para todas as espécies (02 ovos) o que parece ser uma sinapomorfia em gimnoftalmídeos. Vanzosaura multiscutata apresentou reprodução contínua durante todo o ano com indícios de ninhadas seqüenciais e ovos menores. Vanzosaura savanicola e V. rubricauda, apresentaram reprodução concentrada no final da estação seca e início da estação chuvosa com ovos maiores. As espécies apresentaram diferenças morfométricas, com as espécies do Cerrado com maior comprimento rostro cloacal e da cabeça, corpo mais largo e cauda mais curta quando comparado com a espécie da Caatinga. Tanto a filogenia quanto a ecologia influenciam na história de vida de Vanzosaura spp. . A dieta é mais influenciada por fatores históricos, e a morfometria e reprodução por fatores ecológicos.
Santos, Luciana Kaercher John dos. "Avaliação da adesão à dieta DASH pelo escore DASH em paciente hipertensos : ensaio clínico randomizado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171572.
Full textNew therapies and medical progress have led to emerging fungal infections by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in immunocompromised patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the susceptibility profile of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, verify the ability of this species to change its susceptibility profile after exposure to high concentrations of AMB, and compare the antifungal activity of AMB or voriconazole (VCR) plus combinations of non-antifungal medications against the two groups of R. mucilaginosa. Thirty-five strains of R. mucilaginosa isolated from patients were studied. The isolates were identified based on microbiological and molecular methods. We defined group I to be the original strains isolated from patients and group II as the same strains after in vitro exposure to AMB. AMB exposure was assayed according to Fekete-Forgács et al., with some modifications. Susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution method (CLSI M27-A3). AMB, caspofungin, fluconazole (FLC), and VRC were tested alone and ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amlodipine, cyclosporine A, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, simvastatin, and warfarin were tested in combination with AMB or VRC, using the broth microdilution checkerboard technique. All group I isolates were susceptible to low concentrations of AMB. Susceptibility to VRC was quite poor. FLC and CAS exhibited no activity against R. mucilaginosa. Prolonged exposure to AMB changed the susceptibility of the isolates. The susceptibility tests with strains from group II showed high minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) for AMB and the inhibition by VRC required more elevated MICs. In group I, the combination AMB + ibuprofen demonstrated the highest number of synergistic interactions. In group II, the most synergistic interactions was AMB + simvastatin. In group I, When VCR was combined with levofloxacin, a strong synergism was demonstrate against R. mucilaginosa isolates. In group II, VRC + cyclosporine A combination demonstrated a potent synergism. Treatments for R. mucilaginosa are restricted and a multidrug approach seems to be an alternative by administering novel chemical entity drugs with drugs currently on the market simultaneously.
Hermenegildo, Tiago. "Reconstituição da dieta e dos padrões de subsistência das populações pré-históricas de caçadores-coletores do Brasil Central através da ecologia isotópica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-14092009-084156/.
Full textResearch in the field of isotopic ecology applied to archaeology has been in constant development for the past two decades, however only a few studies had been made towards this area in Brazil. This study has the objective of generating data to test two contrasting models regarding the strategies of subsistence used by pre-historical societies of Central Brazil, since the end of the Pleistocene (ca. 12.000 years B.P.) and during the Holocene using stable isotopes as an analytic tool. For such, there had been used faunistic and human archaeological bone samples, from two different regions of Central Brazil: Lagoa Santa and Vale do Peruaçu, Minas Gerais state. From this material collagen samples were extracted and, afterwards, analyzed in a mass spectrometer in order to obtain the 13C and 15N values. The results obtained for both human populations indicate a typically omnivorous diet, with a strong tendency towards vegetable consumption if compared with the other animals used in the trophic web characterization. The young human individuals from Lagoa Santa (up to 5 years old) show a statistically different 15N values if compared to the rest of the human remains from the same population, showing a tendency for extensive breastfeeding age. It was also found evidence of a possible climatic change at Vale do Peruaçu around Middle Holocene demonstrated by 15N variations in Kerodon rupestris. Santana do Riacho site, in the Lagoa Santa region showed probable indications of maize presence, as two Cavia aperea samples yielded typical C4 plant consumption (average 13C= -12.19 and 15N= 2.63) also proving to be statistically different from the other individuals of the same species in the whole sample, on the other hand as the sample size is too small and more analysis are needed in order to confirm this tendency.
Luna, Andreza de Araújo. "Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de mulheres das comunidades quilombolas de Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/647.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Objetivo: Caracterizar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar das mulheres das comunidades quilombolas do Estado de Alagoas. Métodos: Foram estudadas 1308 mulheres das quais se obtiveram dados antropométricos, dietéticos, socioeconômicos e demográficos. O estado nutricional foi classificado por meio do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para investigar a possível relação entre a desnutrição no início da vida, expressa pelo déficit estatural, e a condição nutricional atual, as mulheres foram categorizadas segundo a distribuição em quartis de suas respectivas estaturas. Aquelas classificadas abaixo do quartil inferior (Q1) foram consideradas de baixa estatura. As mulheres do quartil superior (Q4) foram assumidas como referência para comparação das variáveis de interesse. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio do inquérito recordatório de 24 horas aplicado em toda a amostra de forma aleatória em qualquer dia da semana e, para permitir o ajuste da variabilidade intrapessoal da ingestão, repetido numa sub-amostra equivalente a 22,6% das mulheres segundo seleção randômica. Para calcular a Estimad Energy Requiriment (EER) e o Intervalo de Distribuição Aceitável de Macronutrientes, utilizou-se as recomendações do IOM (Institute of Medicine), que preconiza a utilização das DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). O método EAR como ponto de corte foi utilizado para estimar a probabilidade de inadequação do consumo dos micronutrientes. Para os nutrientes sem EAR estabelecida (cálcio e fibra) foram utilizadas a AI (Adequate Intake). Resultados: Quase todas as mulheres (97,3%) pertenciam às classes econômicas D (50,4%) ou E (46,9%). Apesar disso, a maioria (52,4%) apresentava sobrepeso (33,1%; IMC ≥ 25 kg/m2) ou obesidade (19,3%; IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2), condição que não pôde ser explicada por um consumo energético atual excessivo, pois 64,4% da amostra apresentavam ingestão energética inferior à sua correspondente EER. Tal achado pode ter sido devido ao subrelato da ingestão e/ou a superestimativa das necessidades energéticas. Essa última alternativa ganha força na medida em que se observou uma maior frequência de sobrepeso + obesidade entre as mulheres do Q1 quando comparadas às mulheres do Q4 (Odds ratio = 1,46; IC95% = 1,07 a 2,03; P=0,01), sugerindo que as primeiras tenham desenvolvido o chamado fenótipo econômico. Dentre os nutrientes investigados (zinco e as vitaminas A, C e ácido fólico), apenas para ácido fólico e zinco foi possível estimar a probabilidade de inadequação, correspondendo a 85,3% e 27,4%, respectivamente. Com relação aos demais, essa estimativa não pode ser realizada em virtude da distribuição da ingestão não ser normal, mesmo após a transformação dos dados. Conclusões: Apesar das precárias condições econômicas observadas, o excesso de peso corporal é o problema nutricional mais relevante nas mulheres quilombolas de Alagoas e se associou a baixa estatura, possivelmente devido a adaptações metabólicas decorrentes da desnutrição no início da vida.
Giozzet, Vanessa Aparecida Gonçalves. "Analise das ações da dexametasona sobre a secreção de insulina, parametros bioquimicos e moleculares em ratos submetidos a restrição proteica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314400.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A desnutrição e a resistência periférica à insulina induzida por administração de glicocorticóides induzem compensações funcionais e morfológicas em ilhotas pan creáticas a fim de manter a homeostase glicêmica. Deste modo, investigamos as alterações desenvolvidas pelo tratamento com dexametasona (Dex) em animais submetidos à restrição protéica. Foram analisados: parâmetros metabólicos, secreção de insulina em resp osta a glicose e proteínas envolvidas na via de sinalização da insulina em ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas. Ratos submetidos à dieta hipoprotéica (LP) apresentaram características padrões que caracterizam a desnutrição como: diminuição de ganho de massa corp oral, redução dos níveis séricos de albumina, proteína total e insulina. Adicionalmente, os ratos LP exibiram aumento da sensibilidade periférica à insulina e redução da área das ilhotas pancreáticas comparadas ao grupo controle ( P < 0,05). Todos estes parâmetros apresentaram valores similares ao grupo controle nos ratos submetidos à dieta hipoprotéica e submetidos ao tratamento com Dex (LPD), exceto para o peso corpóreo ( P < 0,05). A secreção de insulina em ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas de ratos LPD aprese ntou maior responsividade à glicose, em níveis estimulatórios, comparados a secreção em ilhotas de ratos LP (P < 0,05). Paralelo aos resultados de secreção, os ratos LPD exibiram redução do conteúdo protéico de IRS-1, IRS-2 e aumento dos níveis protéicos d e p-FoxO1, p-ERK e PKC comparados ao grupo LP (P < 0,05). Concomitantemente, as ilhotas dos ratos LPD mostraram ¿se hipertrofiadas comparadas com ilhotas de ratos LP ( P < 0,05). Em conclusão, o tratamento com dexametasona reverte, ao menos parcialmente, os efeitos no metabolismo analisados e no funcionamento das ilhotas pancreáticas causados pela restrição protéica, confirmando a grande plasticidade das células ß frente a condições adversas facultativas e/ou permanentes
Abstract: Malnutrition caused by protein restriction and dexamethasone -induced insulin resistance, in vivo treatment (Dex) are conditions associated with morphological and functional alterations in pancreatic islets. Thus, the present study evaluated the dexamethasone treatment effects on the metabolic parameters, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and proteins involved in the insulin - signalling pathway over low protein diet fed rats (LP). LP rats showed decrease in body weight, serum insulin, total serum protein, and serum albumin, patte rns that characterize the LP rats. Moreover, LP rats presented improved peripheral insulin sensibility and reduced islets area (P < 0,05). Except for the body weight (P < 0,05), all these parameters were proned to be normalized in rats exposed to a low protein diet and treated with dexamethasone (LPD), whose islets showed increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In addition, LPD rats showed lower protein expression of IRS-1, IRS-2 and higher in p-FoxO1, p-ERK and PKC, while presenting pancreatic islet hypertrophy compared to LP rats islet. In conclusion, dexamethasone treatment revert the effects related to metabolism and islet function caused by diet protein restriction, confirming ß-cells wide plasticity, even in transient or lasting adverse conditions
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Abreu, Sara Andreia Rodrigues. "Dietary assessment of the western Lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) group in Zoo Basel, Switzerland." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12002.
Full textWhile free-ranging gorilla populations are declining, captive gorillas face serious health issues such as obesity and heart disease. A proper dietary management is crucial to maintain healthy and thriving populations, but in captivity it can be difficult to provide diets that are both nutritionally and functionally equivalent to wild diets. During this study in Zoo Basel were evaluated two male gorillas, one silverback (16 years) and one blackback (12 years), two late-stage pregnant females (25 and 32 years) and two geriatric females (47 and 55 years). Diet adequacy was assessed through the analysis of the diet composition, individual nutrient intake, dietary enrichment program, anthropometric features and previous clinical records. Overall, the diet offered at Zoo Basel was complete and mostly adequate to the gorillas’ behavioural and nutritional needs. Some significant differences were observed between individual diets, linked to management options, individual preferences and physiologic, ageor hierarchy-related specific requirements. A list of recommendations was compiled and a sample diet was created to help correct the identified nutrient imbalances. An integrated individual analysis of diet adequacy is particularly important in a species like the gorilla, due to its complex social interactions and the need to group-feed to maintain proper levels of welfare.
RESUMO - Enquanto a população de gorilas selvagens diminui, os que estão em cativeiro deparam-se com graves problemas de saúde como a obesidade e a doença cardíaca. Uma dieta adequada é essencial para manter estas populações saudáveis, mas em cativeiro é difícil oferecer dietas nutricionalmente e funcionalmente análogas às naturais. Durante este estudo, no Jardim Zoológico da Basileia, foram avaliados dois gorilas machos, de dorso-prateado (16 anos) e de dorso-negro (12 anos), duas fêmeas em final de gestação (25 e 32 anos) e duas fêmeas geriátricas (47 e 55 anos). A adequação da dieta foi avaliada através da análise da sua composição, do consumo individual de nutrientes, do programa de enriquecimento ambiental, das características antropométricas e de registos clínicos prévios. No geral, a dieta fornecida foi completa e adequada às necessidades comportamentais e nutricionais dos gorilas. Foram observadas algumas diferenças significativas entre indivíduos, ligadas a opções de maneio, preferências individuais e requisitos específicos do estado fisiológico, idade ou hierarquia. Foi elaborada uma lista de recomendações e criada uma dieta-amostra para ajudar a corrigir os desequilíbrios identificados. Uma análise dietética integrada e individual é particularmente importante numa espécie como o gorila, devido às suas complexas interações sociais e à necessidade de serem alimentados em grupo para manter níveis adequados de bem-estar.
Silva, Jislaine Cristina da. "Ecologia alimentar das espécies de peixes de pequeno porte em diferentes biótopos da bacia do Rio Verde, Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/683.
Full textVariations in spatial and temporal scale in the provision of food resources play a central role in changing patterns of food utilization by fish species. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in the use of food resources for species of small fish in the Verde River, the Upper Paraná River basin, Mato Grosso do Sul. Samples were collected during the rainy season and dry from November 2010 to August 2012, using trawls, cast nets and gillnets. Nine sampling sites were grouped into three biotopes: upstream and downstream of the Branca Waterfall and tributarie. The stomach contents of 3,263 individuals belonging to 12 species of small size were analyzed according to the volumetric method. Altogether 31 food items were recorded. For all biotopes analyzed the consumption of seeds was higher in the rainy season, and plant (leaves) in the dry season. Hymenoptera was an important item in the diet of fish species, but the proportions were different in consumption between periods and biotopes. The consumption of Coleoptera and Isoptera was significant only in the downstream Branca Waterfall in the rainy season and aquatic plant was consumed more in tributarie in the dry season. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and indicate spatial and temporal segregation of species in the diet, showed the interaction between these two factors. Significant differences were observed in the composition of the diet among biotopes, rainy and dry seasons and interaction. Resources allochthonous origin was clearly the most consumed by the species in all biotopes in both hydrological periods. The dietary overlap between species, even with significant seasonal and spatial differences, was considered low (< 0.4 ) for about 60 % of species pairs . Thus, we conclude that spatial and seasonal changes occurred in the use of food resources for species of small fish and these variations were related to differences physiographic channel and environment that contributed to seasonal changes in the diet were significant, reflecting also the low overlap feed between species
Variações em escala espacial e temporal na oferta dos recursos alimentares desempenham um papel central nas alterações dos padrões de utilização dos alimentos pelas espécies de peixes. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variações espaciais e temporais no uso dos recursos alimentares pelas espécies de peixes de pequeno porte no rio Verde, Bacia do Alto rio Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul. As coletas foram realizadas no período chuvoso e seco, de novembro de 2010 a agosto de 2012, utilizando arrastos, tarrafas e redes de espera. Foram nove locais de amostragem, agrupados em três biótopos: montante e jusante da Cachoeira Branca e tributário. Os conteúdos estomacais de 3.263 indivíduos pertencentes a 12 espécies de pequeno porte foram analisados de acordo com o método volumétrico. Ao todo foram registrados 31 itens alimentares. Para todos os biótopos analisados, o consumo de sementes foi maior no período chuvoso, e vegetal (folhas) no período seco. Hymenoptera foi um item importante na dieta das espécies de peixes, porém as proporções no consumo foram distintas entre os biótopos e períodos. O consumo de Coleoptera e Isoptera foi expressivo apenas na jusante da cachoeira branca no período chuvoso e vegetal aquático foi mais consumido no tributário na estação seca. A análise de coordenadas principais (PCoA) além de indicar segregação espacial e temporal na dieta das espécies, evidenciou a interação entre estes dois fatores. Diferenças significativas foram verificadas quanto à composição da dieta entre os biótopos, períodos chuvoso e seco e para a interação. Recursos de origem alóctone foram nitidamente os mais consumidos pelas espécies em todos os biótopos em ambos os períodos hidrológicos. A sobreposição alimentar entre as espécies, mesmo apresentando diferenças espaciais e sazonais significativas, foi considerada baixa (<0,4) para cerca de 60% dos pares de espécies. Assim, podemos concluir que ocorreram mudanças espaciais e sazonais no uso dos recursos alimentares pelas espécies de peixes de pequeno porte e essas variações estiveram relacionadas às diferenças fisiográficas do canal e entorno que contribuíram para que mudanças sazonais na dieta fossem significativas, refletindo também na baixa sobreposição alimentar entre as espécies
Afonso, Milessa da Silva. "Efeito das gorduras interesterificadas sobre o desenvolvimento da lesão aterosclerótica em camundongos knockout para o receptor de LDL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-06062016-141448/.
Full textIn recent decades, several studies have shown harmful effects of trans fatty acids on human health. Consequently, simultaneous actions from Health Agencies and Societies responsible for the elaboration of Nutritional Guidelines recommended the reduction in the intake of trans fatty acids. Thus, the food industry is adapting their products to replace these fatty acids by substituting them for interesterified fats, however, the effects of the latter on atherosclerotic lesion development are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interesterified fats containing palmitic or stearic fatty acids on atherosclerosis development. For this purpose, weaning male LDL-c receptor knockout (LDLr-KO) mice were fed a high fat diet (40% of total daily energy intake from fat) enriched in polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (PALM), palmitic interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic interesterified (STEAR INTER) fat for 16 weeks to determine several parameters: total cholesterol and triglycerides plasma concentrations; lipoprotein profile; lipid (Oil Red O) and collagen (Picrosirius Red) contents, as well as macrophage infiltration (immunohistochemistry) in the atherosclerotic lesion; cytokine transcription and protein content in the aorta; cytokines secreted from peritoneal macrophages stimulated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); apo-AI and HDL2-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. The results showed that mice fed PALM INTER presented greater atherosclerotic lesion as compared to PALM, STEAR, STEAR INTER and PUFA, which was confirmed by the collagen content in the aortic lesions. Although the interesterification process did not modify the plasma lipid concentration, as verified by the comparisons PALM vs PALM INTER and STEAR vs STEAR INTER, the cholesterol accumulation in LDL particle was similar in PALM INTER and TRANS. Peritoneal macrophages from PALM INTER-fed mice secreted significantly more IL-1beta, IL-6 and MCP-1 as compared to all other groups. This pro-inflammatory effect was confirmed in the aorta, in which PALM INTER presented higher TNF-alfa and IL-1beta expressions as compared to PALM. This inflammatory insult was similar to that elicited by TRANS. All these deleterious effects of PALM INTER can be partially attributed to macrophage cholesterol accumulation, due to impaired apo-AI and HDL2-mediated cholesterol efflux, as well as to higher expression of receptors involved in modified LDL uptake (Olr-1), together with a reduction in those involved in cholesterol removal (Abca1 e Nr1h3) in the arterial wall. In conclusion, interesterified fats containing palmitic acid promotes cholesterol accumulation in LDL particles and in macrophages, activating the inflammatory process, which contributed to atherosclerosis development