Academic literature on the topic 'Data dictionaries – Design'

Abstract A user-driven approach in lexicography - e.g. the function theory of lexicography (Bergenholtz & Tarp 2002, 2003, 2004; Fuertes-Olivera & Tarp 2014; Tarp 2008) - compels lexicographers to use all possible means at their disposal to improve the quality of dictionary use and to ensure an optimal retrieval of information from the lexicographical data. For instance, the advent of the internet has substantially modified the design and compilation of dictionaries in two ways. First, online dictionaries are dynamic tools, which makes them more suitable for meeting user needs in different user situations. Second, thinking in terms of static lexicographic structures is erroneous as these are ill-suited for benefiting from existing and potential internet technologies, for complying with the tenets of the user needs paradigm, and for analysing the merits of lexicographical tasks such as lexicographical storing.This article follows Bergenholtz & Agerbo’s concept of lexicographical structuring, which supports the main tenets of the user needs paradigm and the necessity of analysing the process of storing lexicographical data in a lexicographical database. This analysis supports my belief that lexicographical storing is a new lexicographical task which must be better understood, especially when working with the large amount of data being stored in lexicographical databases such as the one on which we are currently compiling the UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID INTERNET DICTIONARIES OF SPANISH.

A rigorous understanding of the use of Smartphones for foreign language vocabulary acquisition is crucial. Employing the technology acceptance model, this study aims to investigate students’ behavioural factors affecting Saudi students’ attitudes towards employing Smartphones for foreign vocabulary acquisition. Two hundred and seventy-three students studying in a preparatory year programme were surveyed. SmartPLS was employed to analyse the data obtained from the study’s sample. The results revealed that perceived usefulness and attitude proved to be significantly and positively related to vocabulary development. In addition, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use proved to be significant predictors of students’ attitudes towards the use of Smartphone for vocabulary learning. However, the study showed that the relationship between perceived ease of use and vocabulary development is not significant. Thus, publishers of dictionaries may find it necessary to take into account the important role played by the design of dictionaries interfaces in facilitating the use of dictionaries in Smartphones. Furthermore, teachers and educators are encouraged to employ creative activities (e.g., word guessing games) that invest students’ use of Smartphones to learn vocabularies. Using Smartphones in learning improves interaction among students and teachers. Discussion and conclusions are also provided.

This paper presents a hardware implementation of real time data compression and decompression circuits based on the LZW algorithm. LZW is a dictionary based data compression, which has the advantage of fast speed, high compression, and small resource occupation. In compression circuit, the design creatively utilizes two dictionaries alternately to improve efficiency and compressing rate. In decompression circuit, an integrated State machine control module is adopted to save hardware resource. Through hardware description and language programming, the circuits finally reach function simulation and timing simulation. The width of data sample is 12bits, and the dictionary storage capacity is 1K. The simulation results show the compression and decompression circuits have complete function. Compared to software method, hardware implementation can save more storage and compressing time. It has a high practical value in the future.

Inaccessibility of electronic dictionaries for learning pronunciation of elementsand compounds in Chemistry was found at Semarang State Senior High School 2. Theobserved inaccessibility came from the Chemistry teacher who shared her problemsthat her students got difficulties in pronouncing elements and compounds. Then, theexisting electronic dictionaries were lack of the words they needed. Hence, this studywould like to develop an Electronic Dictionary of Elements and Compounds inChemistry (EDECC) for assisting students, notably the tenth graders of SemarangState Senior High School 2, to improve their pronunciation in learning elements andcompounds. This study employed Research and Development design to develop theEDECC. This design was adopted and modified fromBorg and Gall (2003:772). Sevenstages were employed for developing EDECC were information and research collecting,planning, developing, validating, revising, try out, and producing final EDECC.Observation, interview, validation, and pre-test also post-test were administered tocollect the data while both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used toanalyze the collected data. From the result of observations, questionnaires, validation,interviews, and pre-test and post-testwere found that applying the EDECC gainedpositive perspectives toward teaching and learning process.Moreover, the test ofeffectiveness consisting validity and reliability tests on pretest and posttest employingquasi experimental design reported that there was significant difference between theresult of pretest and posttest. It means that all the result of collected data agreed thatthe EDECC could be implemented in improving the students‟ pronunciation.Keywords : Electronic Dictionary, Teaching Pronunciation, Chemical Elements andCompounds