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1
Manglik, R. M., and A. E. Bergles. "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Twisted-Tape Inserts in Isothermal Tubes: Part I—Laminar Flows." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911383.
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Laminar flow correlations for f and Num are developed based on experimental data for water and ethylene glycol, with tape inserts of three different twist ratios. The uniform wall temperature condition is considered, which typifies practical heat exchangers in the chemical and process industry. These and other available data are analyzed to devise flow regime maps that characterize twisted-tape effects in terms of the dominant enhancement mechanisms. Depending upon flow rates and tape geometry, the enhancement in heat transfer is due to the tube partitioning and flow blockage, longer flow path, and secondary fluid circulation; fin effects are found to be negligible in snug- to loose-fitting tapes. The onset of swirl flow and its intensity is determined by a swirl parameter, Sw=Resw/y, that defines the interaction between viscous, convective inertia, and centrifugal forces. Buoyancy-driven free convection that comes into play at low flow rates with large y and ΔTw is shown to scale as Gr/Sw2≫ 1. These parameters, along with numerical baseline solutions for laminar flows with y = ∞, are incorporated into correlations for f and Num by matching the appropriate asymptotic behavior. The correlations describe the experimental data within ±10 to 15 percent, and their generalized applicability is verified by the comparison of predictions with previously published data.
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Oktavia, Deni. "IMPLEMENTASI TIME DRIVEN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (TDABC) PADA USAHA KECIL MENENGAH (UKM) TAPE HANDAYANI 82 BONDOWOSO." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 11, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v11i2.1262.
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Firms need to assess the competitive advantage by determining the strategic advantages. TDABC is an instrument to achieve operational improvements in practice, reducing non value added activities and merge similar activities into one place. The objectives of this research is to calculate using the time driven activity based costing ( TDABC ) method on Tape Handayani 82 Small and Medium Enterprises ( SMEs ) in Bondowoso Regency.
This study is a qualitative research. Design of qualitative methods is general, flexible, and thrives in the process of research. Researchers involve directly in order obtaining as much information. One focus of qualitative research is a phenomenon that can only be explained and cannot be measured, and the phenomenon observed by researchers in the field.
Object of study is the Tape Handayani 82 SME that engaged in tape industry. Selections of the research object because tape is typical of the Bondowoso. Tape has relatively high market share, but in efficiency of time management, activities undertaken, not in accordance with time -driven activity-based costing concepts. Data collection methods used in this qualitative approach. This step is done by directly observe and conduct interviews with employer and owner who do day-to- day business activities especially financial.
Recognition of cost of tape products show too low. As for the fuel smoked tape, tape, dodol and suwar suwir show the company recognize higher. Calculations with TDABC provide more accurate information related to the consumption cost. The result can be used to revise cost product.
Added analysis of the activities does by identifying, preparing and evaluating activities description. The analysis identifies what activities are done, how many people who carry out these activities, the time and resources necessary to do the activity. TDABC analysis indicates that Tape 82 Handayani is not efficient yet. 70 % is still idle capacity so it is necessary to create added value activity. Idle capacity led to increased costs or consumes resources costs that are not necessary.
Keywords: TDABC, activity, poduct cost, tape
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Homola, A. M., C. M. Mate, and G. B. Street. "Overcoats and Lubrication for Thin Film Disks." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 3 (March 1990): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400060176.
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Metallic alloy thin film media and ever decreasing head-to-media spacing make severe demands on storage devices. Decreasing head-to-media separation is critical for high storage densities but it also leads to increased slider-disk interactions, which can cause slider and disk wear or even head crashes. Wear can also occur when drives start and stop when the slider contacts the disk at relatively high speeds. The reliability and durability of thin film disks, which provide much higher areal density than conventional oxide disks with particulate media, are achieved by the use of very thin overcoat materials and surface lubricants. This article summarizes the approaches taken in the industry to enhance the tribological performance of magnetic media, with special emphasis on the basic understanding of the processes occurring at the slider-disk interface.The continuous rise in the demand for storage capacity at a competitive price is the prime motivator of the changes we have seen in the data storage industry. It is clearly stimulating the present move away from particulate media, which has long dominated all fields of data storage, i.e., tape, rigid, and flexible disks, to the thin film storage media. Particulate storage devices use magnetic media formulated by dispersing magnetic particles, usually iron oxides, in an organic binder. In thin film storage devices, the storage medium is a continuous magnetic film, usually a cobalt alloy, made either by sputtering or by electroless plating.
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Torkkeli, Lasse, Olli Kuivalainen, Sami Saarenketo, and Kaisu Puumalainen. "Institutional environment and network competence in successful SME internationalisation." International Marketing Review 36, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2017-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of institutional environment on the international performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and how this relationship is influenced by network competence. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach. In total, 119 internationally operating Finnish SMEs from five industry sectors are sampled via a cross-sectional survey. Data are analysed through regression modelling. Findings The international performance of SMEs is influenced directly and indirectly by institutional drivers. The results show that network competence mediates the positive relationship between institutional drivers and international performance. Research limitations/implications Network capability development can help SMEs leverage more or less favourable institutional environments for successful internationalisation. Perceived institutional drivers directly result in higher performance, but the effect can be partially mediated by dynamic capabilities. The limitations of the study include its single-country context and the cross-sectional nature of the data. Practical implications SMEs should take their home countries’ institutional environments into account, but for long-term success, they should develop the ability to manage their business networks. A conducive institutional environment may help develop competence, which in turn can enable more successful internationalisation in terms of scale, scope and satisfaction. Social implications Decision-makers may benefit from knowing that, in addition to capabilities, an institutionally conducive environment that drives domestic SMEs towards international markets may be an antecedent of successful internationalisation in the SME sector. Originality/value This is one of the few studies to illustrate how network capabilities can mediate the influence of institutional factors on entrepreneurial internationalisation. It combines institutional theory and the dynamic capabilities view to explain successful SME internationalisation.
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Pal, Singh, Pankaj Mishra, and Ayesha Farooq. "An assessment of user's awareness about Indian telecom industry and their assessment of affordability of telecom services in India." Industrija 48, no. 3 (2020): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija48-26035.
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India announced its first National Telecom Policy in 1994 and since then its telecommunications Industry has witnessed tremendous growth. At a teledensity of 89.92% (TRAI 2019), it is the second largest telecom market in the world. The policy maker, Department of Telecommunication (DoT) and the regulator, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) have taken several initiatives to ensure affordable services to telecom users. TRAI also drives initiatives to increase the level of awareness about telecom industry among users. To analyse impact of these initiatives by TRAI and DoT, this study presents an objective assessment of user's awareness and their assessment of affordability of telecom services. A structured questionnaire is used to collect data by surveying a sample of 408 telecom users. It was found that half of the respondents were aware of DoT; more than half were aware of the regulator TRAI and Indian governments vision for telecommunications and 85% of survey respondents found telecom services affordable. The level of affordability varied across gender, age group and education levels. Through regression analysis, the study found that awareness about telecom industry influences users' assessment of service affordability. Hence, TRAI and DoT should take actions to increase the level of awareness, which will improve users' perception of affordability and may lead to increased adoption of telecom services. In addition, it is suggested that affordability of female users can be addressed through customized tariff plan and schemes.
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Cavalli, A., D. Cesini, E. Fattibene, L. Morganti, A. Prosperini, P. P. Ricci, and V. Sapunenko. "Dynamic sharing of tape drives accessing scientific data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1085 (September 2018): 042039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1085/4/042039.
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Ahyani, Hisam, Muntaha Mahfud, Rohmat Waluyo, Widadatul Ulya, and Muharir Muharir. "The Potential of Halal Food as A Driver of the Economic Development in Regional Community." Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan 4, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpt.63771.
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This study aims to describe local specialties that have the potential to become halal food in order to boost the economy of local communities in three areas including Lakbok sub-district, Kedungreja sub-district, and Wangon sub-district. In the halal food sector or halal food in Indonesia, especially in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, as it is now, it has become a necessity. This is because 1) Indonesia is one of the largest Muslim population in the world. 2) traditional regional specialties also need to be developed in order to boost the economy of the local community. 3) Support from the government in an effort to make Indonesia the world's halal center. 4) If the potential of the halal industry is not developed, it will become a threat to the Indonesian economy. This research method uses field studies with data obtained from observations and interviews and documentation. The results showed that halal food in the three sub-districts was able to boost the economy of the people in the area, as evidenced by the sufficient daily needs needed by the people in the three sub-districts. Various foods that can be used as halal food in these three sub-districts are varied, including cassava based chips, Tape, Cimplung or Kulub and Ciu, from soybean ingredients including Sule and Tempe Mendoan, from legen ingredients (coconut juice) can be made into Javanese sugar / brown sugar and can also be used as a mixture for making apem / cake foods. However, from the potential of halal food, some are already labeled halal and some are not labeled halal. This is what makes halal food in these three sub-districts less attractive to consumers. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makanan khas lokal daerah yang berpotensi menjadi makanan halal (halal food) guna mendongkrak perekonomian masyarakat daerah yang berada di tiga wilayah meliputi kecamatan Lakbok, kecamatan Kedungreja, dan kecamatan Wangon. Dalam sektor makanan halal atau halal food di Indonesia khususnya di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 seperti sekarang ini telah menjadi sebuah keniscayaan. Hal ini dikarenakan 1) Indonesia masuk pada penduduk muslim terbesar di Dunia. 2) makan tradisional khas daerah juga perlu dikembangkan dalam rangka mendongkrak perekonomian masyarakat setempat. 3) Dukungan dari pemerintah dalam usaha menjadikan Indonesia sebagai pusat halal dunia. 4) Jika potensi industri halal ini tidak dikembangkan maka justru menjadi ancaman bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi lapangan dengan data yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa halal food di tiga kecamatan tersebut mampu mendogkrak perekonomian masyarakat di wilayah tersebut, dibuktikan dengan cukupnya kebutuhan sehari-hari yang diperlukan oleh masyarakat di tiga kecamatan tersebut. Aneka makanan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai halal food di tiga kecamatan ini beragam, diantaranya dari berbahan singkong adalah Kripik, Tape, Cimplung atau Kulub dan Ciu, dari bahan kedelai meliputi Sule dan Tempe Mendoan, dari bahan legen (air nira kelapa) dapat dijadikan buat menjadi gula jawa / gula merah dan dapat juga dijadikan sebagai campuran pembuatan makanan apem/kue. Namun dari potensi halal food tersebut ada yang sudah berlabel halal dan juga ada yang belum berlabel halal. Inilah yang menjadikan halal food ditiga kecamatan tersebut kurang diminati oleh konsumennya.
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Yu, David, Guangwei Che, Tim Chou, and Ognian Novakov. "Best Practices in Accessing Tape-Resident Data in HPSS*." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921404022.
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Tape is an excellent choice for archival storage because of the capacity, cost per GB and long retention intervals, but its main drawback is the slow access time due to the nature of sequential medium. Modern enterprise tape drives now support Recommended Access Ordering (RAO), which is designed to reduce data recall/retrieval times. BNL SDCC's mass storage system currently holds more than 100 PB of data on tapes, managed by HPSS. Starting with HPSS version 7.5.1, a new feature called “Tape Order Recall (TOR) has been introduced. It supports both RAO and non-RAO drives. The file access performance can be increased by 30% to 60% over the random file access. Prior to HPSS 7.5.1, we have been using an in-house developed scheduling software, aka ERADAT. ERADAT accesses files based on the file logical position order. It has demonstrated a great performance over the past decade long usage in BNL. In this paper we will present a series of test results, compare TOR and ERADAT's performance under different configurations to show how effective TOR (RAO) and ERADAT perform and what is the best solution in data recall from SDCC's tape storage
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Dee, Richard H. "Magnetic Tape: The Challenge of Reaching Hard-Disk-Drive Data Densities on Flexible Media." MRS Bulletin 31, no. 5 (May 2006): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.102.
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AbstractBy the end of 2006, the areal density of magnetic recording on tape will approach that seen in hard disk drives of the early to mid-1990s.These operating conditions are reviewed in relation to the operating conditions deemed necessary for the future of magnetic data storage on tape.What results is a clear set of tasks, encompassing both materials and systems architecture issues, to achieve very high-density data storage on magnetic tape, leading to 10 Tbyte tape cartridge capacities and higher.The key to achieving on tape the areal densities of tens to hundreds of Gbit in.2, common in hard disk drives (HDDs), lies primarily in the properties of the medium itself.As for volumetric density of the storage entity, HDDs and tape cartridges are roughly equivalent.The mechanical dimensional uncertainties that accompany the use of flexible, as opposed to rigid, media means that both the mechanical and magnetic properties of materials play a key role in the future of tape.The need for new architectures to overcome the track placement problem that results from increasing track density on flexible media are reviewed, as well as the “particles in a binder” concept that has served so well as the physical basis of tape media over the past 50 years.
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Cherubini, Giovanni, Jens Jelitto, and Kazuhiro Tsuruta. "Fast servo signal acquisition in tape drives using servo and data channels." Mechatronics 22, no. 3 (April 2012): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2011.12.002.
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Kryder, Mark H. "Ultrahigh-Density Recording Technologies." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 9 (September 1996): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400036319.
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Magnetic recording and optical recording are the major technologies used to provide long-term storage of information in today's computer systems. Magnetic recording has been used for data storage in computer systems for over 40 years, and the advances in technology that have occurred in that time frame are nothing short of phenomenal. One might expect that after 40 years of dominance, the rate of progress in magnetic recording would be slowing down and that other technologies would be moving in to replace it. However rather than slowing down its rate of progress, magnetic recording is now advancing at a faster rate than at any time in the past. Magnetic hard-disk drives represent the largest segment of the data-storage business, and the number of hard-disk drives sold is increasing at about 20% per year. Tape drives continue to enjoy a very substantial market and are also advancing at a rapid pace while flexible disk drives continue to appear in every personal computer sold and have recently increased capacity by nearly two orders of magnitude.Optical recording was introduced into the marketplace in 1989 and has secured a significant market. However thus far, optical recording has primarily found new market niches, rather than being directly competitive with magnetic recording. CD-ROMs are widely used for the distribution of prerecorded information—a business that is now comparable in size to the magnetic-tape-drive business. On the other hand, erasable, optical drives, which were first introduced in 1989, have not had nearly as much success and have much smaller markets than either magnetic hard drives or tape drives.
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Coufal, Hans, Lisa Dhar, and C. Denis Mee. "Materials for Magnetic Data Storage: The Ongoing Quest for Superior Magnetic Materials." MRS Bulletin 31, no. 5 (May 2006): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.96.
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AbstractFrom its inception until today, and for the foreseeable future, magnetic data storage on disks and tape has provided constantly increased storage density.This has required not only constant innovation, but also major breakthroughs in magnetic materials, both for the media and the read head. Today's disk and tape drives take advantage of novel nanoengineered composite magnetic materials and quantum mechanical processes.In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we present a number of review articles by some of the leaders in this rapidly moving field that highlight the key materials science accomplishments that have enabled the tremendous progress in hard disk drive and magnetic tape technologies.Individual articles describe the materials involved in state-of-the-art magnetic recording, advanced media for perpendicular magnetic recording, the materials challenges of achieving high performance in flexible media such as magnetic tape, the materials issues of read heads, and future avenues for magnetic storage beyond magnetic recording, such as nanowires and spintronics.
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Saihani, Azwar, and Siti Hapizah. "Analisis Nilai Tambah dan Efisiensi Usaha Tape Ketan pada Industri Rumah Tangga Tape Ketan di Desa Sungai Karias Kecamatan Amuntai Tengah Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara." RAWA SAINS : JURNAL SAINS STIPER AMUNTAI 5, no. 2 (December 12, 2015): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36589/rs.v5i2.50.
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The aim of this research is to determine the general description of home industry sticky tape seen from the characteristics of respondents and the views of the business production system, analyze the added value of sticky tape and analyze the efficiency of home industry sticky tape in Sungai Karias Village Amuntai Tengah District Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. Method research used is cencus method, the mothod of data collection uses interviews. Data collection was conducted from May until July 2015. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis to get general condition description of sticky tape industry processed descriptively. Quantitative analysis uses analysis of costs, revenues, profits, value-added and business efficiency analysis. Analysis tool of added value is Hayami method. The results of this study showed that the total cost incurred is Rp.170.018,-, the average of revenue home industry sticky tape in once process production is Rp.341.712,-, the profits is Rp.171.694,-, added value obtained based on calculation Hayami method that is Rp.15.574,7 per kilogram of raw materials glutinous rice or 51,83% of the production value, and efficiencies obtained 2,00 that means the home industry sticky tape is efficient because the value more than 1. R/C ratio of 2,00 that means every Rp.1,00 cost incurred in home industry sticky tape will provide revenue 2,00 times of costs that incurred.
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Mokin, Borys, Oleksandr Mokin, and Oleksandr Kryvonis. "ADEQUACY EVALUATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR ONE CLASS OF LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS WITH PARAMETERS, VARIABLE IN TIME AND IN SPACE." ScienceRise, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2020.001486.
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The object of research: the authors of this work have synthesized in previous publications a mathematical model of one class of linear dynamic systems with variable parameters in time and space, which includes the system for lifting and lowering a load with a crane in the case of taking into account the influence of longitudinal vibrations that arise in the cable of the lifting mechanism, and shift in time of the moment of inertia of the rotating masses reduced to the motor shaft.
Investigated problem: simulation models are synthesized in the Simulink graphical software environment of the MATLAB application package to assess the adequacy of the specified mathematical model. A calculation was carried out using the passport data and characteristics of all components of the crane structure to find the numerical values of the parameters of simulation models, including the electric motor, cable and gearbox.
The main scientific results: the results of modeling the dynamics of the electric drive system during acceleration, deceleration, the prevailing velocity are given. By comparing the results obtained on the simulation model with the results of experimental studies of the same class of dynamical systems carried out by other authors, the adequacy of the mathematical models synthesized by the authors of this work is proved. It is proved that the use of the classical equation of the dynamics of the electric drive system, which contains a constant moment of inertia and a constant moment of load, leads to errors in the estimates of the processes accompanying the lifting and lowering of loads by cranes. And this, in turn, does not allow predicting the behavior of the system in various operating modes with sufficient accuracy.
The area of practical use of the research results: enterprises of the machine-building industry, specializing in the production, modernization of lifting equipment.
Innovative technological product: a simulation model of a crane mechanism, which makes it possible to take into account the influence of longitudinal vibrations that arise in the cable of the hoisting mechanism, and the shift in time of the moment of inertia of the rotating masses reduced to the motor shaft.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: design and development of control systems for electric drives of lifting equipment.
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Grassa, Rihab. "Ownership structure, deposits structure, income structure and insolvency risk in GCC Islamic banks." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 7, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2013-0041.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of the concentration of ownership concentration and the deposits structure on the link between income structure and insolvency risk in Islamic banks operating in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Design/methodology/approach Using data for 43 GCC Islamic banks over the period from 2005 to 2012, this paper specifies a three-stage least-squares model in which the impact of the concentration of ownership concentration and the deposits structure on income diversification and insolvency risk is jointly analyzed to address the problem of endogeneity. Findings The findings show that the income structure influences the insolvency risk in Islamic banks with a concentrated ownership structure. This is because the deposits structure and large shareholders influence strategic decisions. Research limitations/implications This paper is, also, subject to a number of limitations. First, this study focuses exclusively on the GCC context and excludes the other Middle East and Far East countries. Second, the paper does not take into consideration banking regulation. Practical implications The paper findings shed light on the ongoing debate about the benefits of revenue diversification and also provide valuable insights for market participants, regulators and supervisors about what drives performance in Islamic banks. Originality/value The paper fills the gap in the existing literature on insolvency risk in Islamic banks. It is expected to provide useful information for policy makers and Islamic bankers to develop a sound Islamic banking industry in the GCC region. In addition, the link identified between ownership concentration, deposits structure and revenue diversification is a novel way of analyzing the impact of the latter on insolvency risk in Islamic banks.
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McKenzie, Johnathan, Karim Zahed, Jeffery Warner, Halit Uster, and Thomas Ferris. "Survey and Modeling Approach to Predicting Driver Turnover in Long-Haul Trucking." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621315.
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In the long-haul trucking industry, the turnover rate for drivers has been consistently near or higher than 100% for many years (Fournier, Lamontagne, & Gagnon, 2012; LeMay, Williams, & Garver, 2009). There are many complexly-interacting contributors to this high rate, including competition among industry members for the short supply of qualified drivers, characteristics of driving assignments, family needs, and interpersonal relationships among coworkers. Several costs to trucking companies are associated with a driver quitting their current position, including lost profit, underutilization of equipment, training costs, insurance investments, and administration costs. The overall turnover cost to the industry is estimated to be around $2.8 billion per year (Morrow et al., 2005), which is eventually passed on to consumers. The current and expected increase in the shortage of drivers provides additional motivation to investigate the high turnover problem. Several past studies have looked into the possible causes of high driver turnover, although only within consideration of current trucking operations. In addition to only considering the problem within current operations, most of these studies focused only on a particular subset of the possible issues. A driver survey was created as part of this research effort to take into account a broader range of issues and with a more generalizable approach to allow for consideration of new operational paradigms. In addition to gathering survey results, a key activity in this research effort was to develop a model that can accurately predict the likelihood that a truck driver will quit or stay at their job. When we reach a point when a driver’s decision to stay or quit can be accurately predicted based on the explored issues, it will reveal which combination of issues most strongly influences this decision. Once these issues are discovered, they can inform the development of new operational paradigms that may lead to a decrease in the high turnover problem. A thorough literature review informed the creation of the content of the survey. This was followed by multiple revisions based on feedback from an in-person focus group with truckers, a test launch with a sample of students (non-drivers), and a second test launch with a sample of local drivers. The survey was then administered and 308 valid responses were obtained. The final survey consisted of 84 questions covering demographic information, training and education, job preferences, job nature, management practices, relationship with supervisor, job risks and benefits, work history, job seeking experience, and alternate job opportunities. One survey question which asked: “How do you feel today about the likelihood you'll stay with your current company for the foreseeable future?” resulted in the dependent variable (range of 0.00 to 1.00) used in the analysis. The data was analyzed using the free statistical software environment, R. The first attempt to create a prediction model involved performing multiple linear regression with most of the independent variables and the stated dependent variable. From this analysis, the variables deemed significant included the following: how routes are communicated to the driver (in-person, by phone/radio, by text/email, or other), how often pre-planned routes are given to the driver, what the driver thinks about their work amount, how the driver feels about being affiliated with their company, how well the driver feels their supervisor represents them, how satisfied the driver is with their pay, the driver’s flexibility in being able to take time off work, how interesting the driver considers their job to be, and how frequently the driver interacts with other drivers by radio. This resulting linear model had an adjusted R-squared value of 0.4658. Further data analysis involving other variable selection methods and the creation of complex models will be performed in hopes of obtaining a more accurate model. Future analysis may also include clustering the drivers into groups based on their characteristics and preferences and then seeing if the variables that predict the job plans of the drivers in these groups are different.
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Pugnetti, Carlo, and Mischa Seitz. "Data-Driven Services in Insurance: Potential Evolution and Impact in the Swiss Market." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050227.
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Using real-time customer data holds great potential for the insurance industry. The frequency and relevance of interactions can be improved to provide assistance in real time. Better prevention and risk management can significantly improve pricing and reduce losses. These changes, however, hold the potential for structural changes in the industry. This research aims at understanding the potential path of the development of services in insurance and the challenges faced by insurers. A panel of industry experts provided the industry’s view, which was then compared with the responses of 1542 Swiss retail customers. We find that customers have high trust in insurance companies and are open to purchasing additional services, particularly for prevention and assistance. Insurance companies, however, are currently focusing on cost improvement measures. Customers are open to sourcing services from other providers, suggesting that insurance companies need to evolve their approach to take advantage of the current market window.
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Barisits, Martin, Mikhail Borodin, Alessandro Di Girolamo, Johannes Elmsheuser, Dmitry Golubkov, Alexei Klimentov, Mario Lassnig, Tadashi Maeno, Rodney Walker, and Xin Zhao. "ATLAS Data Carousel." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024504035.
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The ATLAS experiment at CERN’s LHC stores detector and simulation data in raw and derived data formats across more than 150 Grid sites world-wide, currently in total about 200PB on disk and 250PB on tape. Data have different access characteristics due to various computational workflows, and can be accessed from different media, such as remote I/O, disk cache on hard disk drives or SSDs. Also, larger data centers provide the majority of offline storage capability via tape systems. For the HighLuminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the estimated data storage requirements are several factors bigger than the present forecast of available resources, based on a flat budget assumption. On the computing side, ATLAS Distributed Computing was very successful in the last years with high performance and high throughput computing integration and in using opportunistic computing resources for the Monte Carlo simulation. On the other hand, equivalent opportunistic storage does not exist. ATLAS started the Data Carousel project to increase the usage of less expensive storage, i.e. tapes or even commercial storage, so it is not limited to tape technologies exclusively. Data Carousel orchestrates data processing between workload management, data management, and storage services with the bulk data resident on offline storage. The processing is executed by staging and promptly processing a sliding window of inputs onto faster buffer storage, such that only a small percentage of input data are available at any one time. With this project, we aim to demonstrate that this is the natural way to dramatically reduce our storage cost. The first phase of the project was started in the fall of 2018 and was related to I/O tests of the sites archiving systems. Phase II now requires a tight integration of the workload and data management systems. Additionally, the Data Carousel studies the feasibility to run multiple computing workflows from tape. The project is progressing very well and the results presented in this document will be used before the LHC Run 3.
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Salem, Ghada. "A CRITICAL STUDY OF INVESTMENTS IN NEW HOTELS IN LEBANON DURING 2012-2016." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018.523.
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Purpose of the study: This research aims at understanding why investments in new hotels sustained in Lebanon during 2012 -2016 despite the unstable political situation that reigned over the country.
Methodology: It mobilizes a survey based on a total population sample of new hotels to explain the phenomenon and identify its determinants.
Main findings: Investments in new hotels in Lebanon during this crisis period are of a real estate form, encouraged by a number of factors, mainly the low cost of construction materials, the availability of a low waged Syrian manpower, the presence of investments loans and incentives from IDAL, a public agency and KAFALAT, a private one. These new hotels will operate as customized lodging facilities to cope with the growing AirBnB trend from one hand and with the increased demand from middle to high social class families of Syrian refugees.
Limitations: Limitations were mainly at the methodological level. Access to data at the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism and collection of data through questionnaires were the major challenges.
Implications: The analysis of the phenomenon allows a better understanding of its elements, factors and process. Therefore, concerned parties could benefit from it and take appropriate corrective measures where needed and/or adapt existing measures to changes in the hospitality industry in Lebanon. Also, researchers could connect the results to the literature related to post-crisis tourism to reveal promising research tracks.
Originality/Novelty of the study: Theoretically, crises periods in a destination are not favorable for hotels investments. Yet, Lebanon witnessed during the critical period of 2012 – 2016 the construction of new hotels all over its territory. This phenomenon raises questions about the drives of these investments, their source of capitals and their process of decision making. The findings depict new insights regarding investments in new hotels during crisis period. They are basically real estate investments, virtually designed to be hotels but operate as customized lodging facilities.
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Cano, Eric, Vladimír Bahyl, Cédric Caffy, Germán Cancio, Michael Davis, Oliver Keeble, Viktor Kotlyar, Julien Leduc, and Steven Murray. "CERN Tape Archive: a distributed, reliable and scalable scheduling system." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125102037.
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The CERN Tape Archive (CTA) provides a tape backend to disk systems and, in conjunction with EOS, is managing the data of the LHC experiments at CERN. Magnetic tape storage offers the lowest cost per unit volume today, followed by hard disks and flash. In addition, current tape drives deliver a solid bandwidth (typically 360MB/s per device), but at the cost of high latencies, both for mounting a tape in the drive and for positioning when accessing non-adjacent files. As a consequence, the transfer scheduler should queue transfer requests before the volume warranting a tape mount is reached. In spite of these transfer latencies, user-interactive operations should have a low latency. The scheduling system for CTA was built from the experience gained with CASTOR. Its implementation ensures reliability and predictable performance, while simplifying development and deployment. As CTA is expected to be used for a long time, lock-in to vendors or technologies was minimized. Finally, quality assurance systems were put in place to validate reliability and performance while allowing fast and safe development turnaround.
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DEMERS, JOANNA. "Cassette Tape Revival as Creative Anachronism." Twentieth-Century Music 14, no. 1 (February 2017): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572217000093.
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ABSTRACTListeners of a certain age tend to think that the cassette tape fell out of favour sometime during the 1990s, but is experiencing a revival of sorts as curious Millennials discover the pleasures of mixtapes and decaying media. But cassette tapes have been in constant use since their invention in 1963. Outside of North America and Western Europe, the tape is still the predominant phonographic medium, and is unseating hard drives as the preferred medium for data storage. For whom, then, is this a revival? My article argues that the tape revival is less an attempt at neutral recuperation of the past than a purposeful rewriting of history. Cassettes are particularly potent because they signify death and decay more forcefully even than vinyl. Their acoustic imperfections and mechanical frailties are now aestheticized in novels and contemporary popular music. Even curated listening experiences, from podcasts to streaming services, are designed to replicate the mixtape. The second era of the cassette tape represents another example of Simon Reynolds’ concept of retromania, and can be fruitfully understood as a chapter in the evolving story of phonographic waste.
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Spandonidis, Christos, Fotis Giannopoulos, Areti Petsa, Periklis Eleftheridis, and Elias Sedikos. "A Data-Driven Situational Awareness System for Enhanced Air Cargo Operations Emergency Control." Smart Cities 4, no. 3 (July 24, 2021): 1087–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4030057.
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Based on the constant need for safety and operational cost optimization, the air-cargo industry is continually evolving in the context of Industry 4.0. Used wisely, data can help the industry to provide critical resilience that will allow authorities to take proper measures/actions in response to unexpected disasters and secure societal protection. The “INTELLICONT” project combines state-of-the-art technologies blended with novel solutions to improve the loading/unloading time, the structural status awareness, and the safety and security of the air-cargo related operations (prior to, during, and after the flight), as well as to enhance their capabilities related to the execution of their duties. The suggested system is contextually aligned and harmonized with the existing international and EU regulations. In the present work, the remote monitoring and control system for intelligent aircraft cargo containers have been presented from the software perspective. The intelligent containers integrate three types of sensors, Structural Health Monitoring, fire suppression, and locking status indication. The focus has been given to the design and development of a Human Machine Interface (HMI) capable to visualize all related data for better and safer control of the aircraft cargo. It is shown that the system can contribute to making the air transportations safer, environmentally friendlier, faster and with the lowest possible cost.
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Corcoran, Nicole M., Daniel V. McGehee, and T. Zachary Noonan. "A temporal analysis of safety drivers taking back control in public roadway automated driving trials." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631377.
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In 2019, industry is in the testing stages of level 4 SAE/NHTSA automated vehicles. While in testing, L4 vehicles require a safety driver to monitor the driving task at all times. These specially trained drivers must take back control if the vehicle doesn’t seem to be responding correctly to the ever-changing roadway and environment. Research suggests that monitoring the driving task can lead to a decrease in vigilance over time. Recently, Waymo publicly released takeover request and mileage data on its 2018 L4 autonomous vehicle takeover requests. From this data, which was represented in mileage, we created temporal metric which showed that there were typically 150-250 hours without a takeover request. From this we suggest that there may be a decrement in vigilance for Waymo safety drivers. While there are still many unknowns, we suggest Waymo release takeover requests in terms of time rather than mileage and provide more information on the operational design domains of these vehicles. Expanding the content of this publicly-released data could then give researchers and the public more understanding of the conditions under which safety drivers are functioning.
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Heath, R. G. "On: P. Maliphant’s Discussion (GEOPHYSICS, 52, p. 816, June 1987) of “Alternative processing techniques and data improvement provided by single‐sweep recording,” by S. W. Belcher, T. L. Pratt, J. K. Costain, and C. Coruh (GEOPHYSICS, 51, 1736–1742, September 1986)." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 4 (April 1988): 562–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442490.
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It is clear that the field cost of recording single sweep Vibroseis data or any other form of nonsite‐processed data increases at least in proportion to the tape cost. Picking the example of 9-track 1600 bpi (phase encoding) drives may not be of direct relevance in Europe, where most recording is on 6250 bpi (GCR) decks, but the hardware cost of adding another 6250 bpi drive, plus possibly some small additional necessary pieces of equipment, is of order of $100,000. Costs would be less in purchasing a 1600 bpi drive but savings made over the cost of the 6250 bpi system would quickly be lost by extra tape cost. Most real Vibroseis crews nowadays have a higher data rate than that suggested by the 48 traces mentioned in Maliphant’s discussion. Additional daily cost would, therefore, be much larger than $1300/day.
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Venable, Richard M. "Data Transmission Through the Telephone Network: Protocols, Pitfalls, and Some Examples." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.749.
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Abstract Invariably, the situation arises where it is desirable to transfer data from one computer to another, especially from small laboratory systems, word processors, or home computers to large mainframe computers. In many of these cases, there are no common storage media; home computers do not have 9-track tape drives and large mainframes do not have 5¼ in. floppy disk drives. Transmission of data through the telephone network is a viable method for data transfer, which is paradoxically both easier than many believe and more difficult than some may claim. One of the keys to successful data transmission is an understanding of telecommunications protocols, i.e., the rules governing intersystem communication through the telephone network. Some of the most common protocols allow exchanging ASCII-coded data at either 300 or 1200 baud. A variety of computer systems can be used, including IBM and DEC mainframes, a Wang word processor, an IBM PC-compatible microcomputer, and the Atari 800 microcomputer. A specific example is the use of the Atari 800 as an APL terminal, complete with the custom character set, standard ASCII text, and data transfer.
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Royston, Steve. "Digitalisation driving competitiveness." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18262.
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Digitalisation allows industrial companies to get a highly granular view of their assets which, when viewed in conjunction with data from more traditional business systems, can generate quicker and better insights to drive competitive advantage. Companies will be poised to take their performance and productivity to the next level of efficiency, safety and security. Case studies increasingly show that cost-effective digital technology facilitates improve monitoring, and more collaborative operations drive greater productivity at reduced costs and risk. Using oil, gas and chemical industry examples, this paper discusses the vertically integrated data model from edge devices to cloud data repositories and presents how analytics and big data technologies gain insights into production, maintenance efficiency and safe operations, and enable efficient business processes. Significant competitive advantage will fall to companies that are able to develop an end-to-end digitalised ecosystem that delivers timely, manageable data-driven insights to optimise decision-making. Being able to leverage insights from big data models will help savvy operators steal a march on competitors that are slower to read the market signals because of an outdated method of forecasting.
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Sadiq, M. S., I. P. Singh, and M. M. Ahmad. "REVIVING NIGERIAN RUBBER INDUSTRY." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 36, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2020.36.1.7.
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The present research empirically looks at the possibility of devising a mechanism of reviving Nigerian rubber industry. The research used dated data that spanned from 1961 to 2017 and it covered production, area, yield and producer’s price (rubber). The data were drawn from the FAO database and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Empirical evidence showed that the incremental change in the country’s rubber production was majorly driven by area effect which necessitates area risk owing to pressure on the limited available land for other purposes to be the main factor that affected the average output of rubber in the country. Furthermore, the future of the sub-sector is not promising owing to the fact that the slight gentle rise in the forecasted production trend will be driven by a gentle incremental rise in annual area as the annual yield level year-in-year-out plummeted. The decrease in the forecasted annual yield levels will be as a result of non-productive income and not technology, because farmers are at the mercy of the Licensed Buyers (LBs) who exploit them given that they used collusive effect other than allow the market forces to determine the prevailing market price as they serve as the major link to the importing markets. Therefore, the study recommends that the farmers should constitute themselves into viable co-operative organizations in order to venture into export marketing so that they can take advantage of their bargaining power.
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Gonzalez-Jimenez, David, Jon del-Olmo, Javier Poza, Fernando Garramiola, and Patxi Madina. "Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis for Electric Drives: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124024.
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The need to manufacture more competitive equipment, together with the emergence of the digital technologies from the so-called Industry 4.0, have changed many paradigms of the industrial sector. Presently, the trend has shifted to massively acquire operational data, which can be processed to extract really valuable information with the help of Machine Learning or Deep Learning techniques. As a result, classical Condition Monitoring methodologies, such as model- and signal-based ones are being overcome by data-driven approaches. Therefore, the current paper provides a review of these data-driven active supervision strategies implemented in electric drives for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). Hence, first, an overview of the main FDD methods is presented. Then, some basic guidelines to implement the Machine Learning workflow on which most data-driven strategies are based, are explained. In addition, finally, the review of scientific articles related to the topic is provided, together with a discussion which tries to identify the main research gaps and opportunities.
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Allen, Richard, Gary Crews, William Guyton, Clifford A. McLemore, Bob Peterson, C. S. Rapp, Leon Walker, Larry R. Whigham, David A. White, and George Wood. "Digital field tape format standards — SEG-D, REVISION 1." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 4 (April 1994): 668–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443626.
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A number of additions are being made to the SEG-D field tape format to make the format more useful in the current seismic data acquisition environment. These changes are intended to address the majority of short term needs in the industry today. A more extensive revision to the field tape format will be required within the next few years in order to address long term needs.
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Rassenfoss, Stephen. "Now Is the Time for Gas Lift To Live Up to Its Potential." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0021-jpt.
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Gas lift is one of the most popular ways to increase oil-well production, and it is no secret that it is an underperformer. Back in 2014, ExxonMobil reported that by creating a team of roving gas-lift experts it was able to add an average of 22% more output on several hundred wells where the gas injection had been optimized. Gains were expected because “wells do not remain the same over time; they change,” said Rodney Bane, global artificial-lift manager at ExxonMobil, in this JPT story covering the 2014 SPE Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition (https://jpt.spe.org/paying-close-attention-gas-lift-system-can-be-rewarding). The problem with gas injection is that change is hard. Injection adjustment or repairs require either pulling the tubing to reach the injection mandrels or a wireline run. Those with good- producing wells, particularly offshore, need to weigh the possible gain against the cost and lost production during the job. Those managing more and more wells live with iffy data, injection systems prone to malfunction, horizontal wells prone to irregular flows, and a time-consuming process for calculating the proper injection rates. New approaches addressing those negatives have led a few big operators to try new systems designed to allow constant adjustments based on downhole data with electric control systems designed to be more reliable. Programmable digital controls raise an obvious question: How do you take advantage of that capability? Constantly updated injection data based on traditional evaluation methods is the first step. And new capabilities are inspiring new thinking about how injected gas lifts production and how to make it work more efficiently. Optimizing the process has not been a priority in gas lift. “It was a fairly imprecise thing. But the beauty of gas lift is it works even where it’s broken. It’s not a pump; it’s flow assurance,” said Brent Vangolen, surface and base management technology manager with Occidental. Occidental is among the early adopters of new gas-lift methods along with companies including Chevron, Shell, ExxonMobil, Petronas, and ADNOC. Vangolen expects the industry will follow. “Gas lift is going through the same transformation as rod pumps went through in the 60s and 70s,” he said. Back then, rod pump engineers began tracking changes in the load on the rod through each pump stroke by using dynamometer cards. That data was used to better program pump controls. “You went from egg timers on pumping units to full-blown optimization pumpoff controllers, variable speed drives … this huge infant technology that changed the rod pump space,” he said. Papers at last year’s SPE artificial lift conference covered the continuing digitization in rod lift and that gas lift was finally moving in that direction.
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Gyódi, Kristóf, Maciej Sobolewski, and Michał Ziembiński. "What Drives Price Dispersion in the European E-commerce Industry?" Central European Economic Journal 3, no. 50 (December 18, 2018): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2017-0017.
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Abstract An important aspect of economic integration of the European Union is price convergence on digital single market. In this study, we propose a novel way to measure price dispersion in the e-commerce industry, using a custom made web-scraping tool. We target all the major price comparisons sites in the 26 EU member states, which enables us to collect price signals from thousands of retail shops operating on-line. We analyse pricing data of 182 branded products sold on-line across the EU, representing the most popular categories: fashion, consumer electronics, gaming and software, and cosmetics. We find considerable dispersion of both pre and post-vat on-line prices ranging from 20% to 40%, depending on the product category. The observed on-line price dispersion is driven by both cost factors and the level of per capita income, which is consistent with the view that producers or large distributors might engage in strategic price discrimination induced by income heterogeneity. At first look, our results point to the unexplored potential for cross-border trade, which could be released by policy interventions with regards to delivery, payment or law harmonization. However, under strategic price discrimination, reduced costs of arbitrage for consumers might induce discriminating firms to lower the magnitude of price dispersion between high and low income countries, bringing adverse welfare changes of a priori unknown net effect.
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Hasanah, Uswatun, Haqqifizta Ratihwulan, and Lilis Nuraida. "Sensory Profiles and Lactic Acid Bacteria Density of Tape Ketan and Tape Singkong in Bogor." agriTECH 38, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.30935.
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Tape ketan (fermented glutinous rice) and tape singkong (fermented cassava) are traditional Indonesian foods produced by fermenting carbohydrate sources using ragi as starter culture. Those products known to contain high number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of tape ketan and tape singkong from different household industry in Bogor, to identify the sensory profile, and to evaluate the correlation between LAB density and sensory attribute. The research was started by survey to household tape industries, followed by sensory analysis of rating hedonic and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), and LAB analysis. Data analysis of rating hedonic was done by ANOVA and post-hoc Duncan test, while data analysis of QDA was done by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Samples of tape ketan were taken from two different home industries (BK and LK), while samples of tape singkong were taken from four different home industries (CT, NG, SH, TS). Hedonic rating test showed that the most preferred sample overall was tape ketan BK and tape singkong CT. QDA results showed that tape ketan BK was characterized by its sweetness, rice-like aroma, rice-like taste, and texture, while tape ketan LK was characterized by alcoholic aroma, alcoholic taste, sourness, and color. Tape singkong NG were characterized by sour aroma, alcoholic aroma, alcoholic taste, and color. Specific characteristic of tape singkong CT was bitterness and bitter aftertaste, SH was sweetness, and TS was texture. LAB of tape ketan BK (8,5 log cfu/g) was higher than LK (7,9 log cfu/g). Tape singkong with highest density of LAB was TS (8,1 log cfu/g), followed by CT (7,2 log cfu/g), NG (7,0 log cfu/g), and SH (6,5 log cfu/g). There was no correlation between the density of LAB and descriptive score of sourness, alcoholic taste, and sweetness.
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Ning, Yixi, Gubo Xu, and Ziwu Long. "What drives the venture capital investments in China?" Chinese Management Studies 13, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 574–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-07-2017-0193.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the venture capital (VC) industry in China. It has demonstrated a history of high growth with significant variations over time. The authors have examined the trends and determinants of VC investments in China over a 20-year period from 1995 to 2014. They find that the aggregate amount of VC investments, the total number of venture deals and the average amount of venture investments per deal in China are all significantly impacted by macroeconomic conditions (i.e. GDP, export, money supply), technology innovations and financial market indicators (i.e. initial public offerings (IPOs), interest rate, price-to-earnings ratio, etc.). They also find that the 2007 China A-Share stock market crash and the subsequent global financial crisis have motivated VCists in China to adjust their investment strategies and risk levels by allocating more capital to later-stage investments and securing more deals with later-round financings. However, after the 2008 global financial crisis, the China’s venture industry has recovered faster compared to the US counterpart response. Design/methodology/approach The authors first perform trend analysis of VC investments at an aggregate level, by stages of development, and across industry from 1995 to 2014.To test H1 and H2, the authors use multiple regression models with lagged explanatory variables. To test H3, the authors use univariate tests to compare the measures of VC investments at an aggregate level, stage funds ratios, stage deals ratios and financing series ratios during both a five-year and seven-year time windows around the 2007 A-Share stock market crash and the subsequent financial crisis. Findings The development of the VC industry in China has demonstrated a history of high growth with significant variation over time. The authors find that the aggregate amount of VC investments, the total number of venture deals and the average amount of venture investments per deal in China are all significantly impacted by macroeconomic conditions (i.e. GDP, export, money supply), technology innovations and financial market indicators (i.e. IPOs, interest rate, price-to-earnings ratio, etc.). The authors also find that the 2007 China A-Share stock market crash and the subsequent global financial crisis have motivated VCists in China to adjust their investment strategies and risk by allocating more capital to later-stage investments and securing more deals with later-round financings. However, the China VC industry has recovered faster compared to the USA just after the 2008 global financial crisis. Research limitations/implications There are also limitations in the study. The VC data in China in the earlier 1990s might not be very reliable due to the quality of statistics. Therefore, the trend analysis and discussions mainly focus on the time after 2000. Also, the authors cannot find VC financing sequence data for the analysis. Second, there is no doubt that the policy impact from Chinese transforming economic system and government policies on its VC industry is substantial (Su and Wang, 2013). However, they cannot find an appropriate variable to be included in the empirical models to consider this effect. Further study on this area would provide meaningful information. Third, although the authors have done comparison study between the VC industry in China in this study and the VC industry in the US documented in Ning et al. (2015) and discussed some interesting findings, more in-depth research in this area will be very useful. Practical implications The findings have meaningful implications for VCists and start-up companies seeking equity financings in China. VCists should closely monitor macroeconomic and market conditions to make appropriate adjustments to their risk and investment strategies. Entrepreneurs seeking equity financings for their business could also monitor the identified macroeconomic and market indicators, which can help them with their timing and to negotiate a better equity financing deal. VC financing is more likely to succeed when key macroeconomic and market indicators become favorable. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by testing the supply and demand theory on the VC market proposed by Poterba (1989) and Gompers and Lerner (1998) from the macroeconomic perspective using 20 years’ VC data from China. The authors also examine how the 2007 A-Share stock market crash and the subsequent financial crisis affected VCists to adjust their risk levels and investment strategies. It provides useful information for international academia and policymakers to understand the quick rise of China VC industry. The authors also find that the macroeconomic drivers of VC industry are somewhat different under different economic systems.
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PC CHANG, ERICK, KAUSTAV MISRA, and ESRA MEMILI. "EXPANDING THE NOTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP CAPITAL IN AMERICAN COUNTIES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS 2002–07." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 17, no. 03 (August 23, 2012): 1250015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108494671250015x.
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Entrepreneurship capital refers to the factors of a region that drives new businesses (Audretsch and Keilbach, 2004). This study considers industry growth and performance in manufacturing, retail and service as components of entrepreneurship capital to drive the long-term growth of new establishments. Using a panel data of 2,940 counties from 2002–2007, our results support the notion that the overall new venture activity is benefited by the industry growth and performance. Future research directions and practical implications are also discussed.
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Clark, Randy W. "The Value of Standardization." Talent & Technology 02, no. 01 (December 1, 2008): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0201-15-tt.
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Feature Standardization of data and information exchange is one of the most problematic, yet potentially highest value, issues facing the upstream oil and gas industry. Given the industry's current strong market position, it has never been in a better position to take advantage of open standards adoption and deployment to enhance the industry's key business drivers.
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Clark, Randy W. "The Value of Standardization." Talent & Technology 02, no. 01 (December 1, 2008): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0201-15-tt.
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Feature Standardization of data and information exchange is one of the most problematic, yet potentially highest value, issues facing the upstream oil and gas industry. Given the industry's current strong market position, it has never been in a better position to take advantage of open standards adoption and deployment to enhance the industry's key business drivers.
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Kłysik-Uryszek, Agnieszka. "Equity Investments vs. Debt Investments – What Drives OFDI in Polish Industry." Przedsiebiorczosc i Zarzadzanie 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eam-2015-0005.
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AbstractPolish economy witnessed enormous changes over the past 25 years. Systematic economic growth, increasing market openness, legal stabilization and integration with EU have substantially improved Poland’s global competitive position. That is reflected, among others, in intensified flows of long-term capital in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI). What is worth stressing, the last decade (regardless the economic crisis) brought a significant rise of investments made by Polish companies abroad (Outward FDI). It should be mentioned however, that the FDI flows are usually analyzed (in both theoretical and empirical literature) as if they consist only of equity investments, when in fact they consist also of intracompany loans. As the latter may not be driven by the same factors as equity flows, the real structure of FDI flows should be taken into consideration while evaluating the investment potential of companies. The paper examines selected issues concerning international expansion of Polish companies in the form of foreign direct investment. It provides theoretical background of the problem, explores the reasons for expansion and presents the structure of foreign direct investment by Polish industrial companies in the period 2003-2012 with regard to the equity and debt components of the flows. The study is based on the data provided by the National Bank of Poland (NBP).
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Morton, David L. "“The Rusty Ribbon”: John Herbert Orr and the Making of the Magnetic Recording Industry, 1945–1960." Business History Review 67, no. 4 (1993): 589–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116805.
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John Herbert Orr (1911-84) was an Alabama entrepreneur who formed Orradio Industries, Inc., a pioneering hightechnology firm that made magnetic recording tape. In 1945, Orr was among the U.S. Army Intelligence officials who investigated this technology, which was originally developed in Germany during the 1930s. Orr's early knowledge allowed him to establish Orradio in 1949 on a shoestring budget and to make it competitive with larger firms. When, after some uncertainty, tape became the standard medium for magnetic recorders, and as other uses such as data storage and videotape appeared, Orradio's sales expanded rapidly in the late 1950s. The company was purchased by a larger competitor, the Ampex Corporation, in 1959. The history of Orradio illustrates some of the technological, organizational, and locational problems associated with the establishment of a small high-technology firm in a new industry.
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Lu, Jiaqi, Shijun Liu, Lizhen Cui, Li Pan, and Lei Wu. "Crowd wisdom drives intelligent manufacturing." International Journal of Crowd Science 1, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose A fundamental problem for intelligent manufacturing is to equip the agents with the ability to automatically make judgments and decisions. This paper aims to introduce the basic principle for intelligent crowds in an attempt to show that crowd wisdom could help in making accurate judgments and proper decisions. This further shows the positive effects that crowd wisdom could bring to the entire manufacturing process. Design/methodology/approach Efforts to support the critical role of crowd wisdom in intelligent manufacturing involve theoretical explanation, including a discussion of several prevailing concepts, such as consumer-to-business (C2B), crowdfunding and an interpretation of the contemporary Big Data mania. In addition, an empirical study with three business cases was conducted to prove the conclusion that our ideas could well explain the current business phenomena and guide the future of manufacturing. Findings This paper shows that crowd wisdom could help make accurate judgments and proper decisions. It further shows the positive effects that crowd wisdom could bring to the entire manufacturing process. Originality/value The paper highlights the importance of crowd wisdom in manufacturing with sufficient theoretical and empirical analysis, potentially providing a guideline for future industry.
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Arshad, Muhammad Usman, Zahid Bashir, Muhammad Asif, Syed Muhammad Shuja, and Ghalib Hassan. "Current Asset Management as the driver of financial efficiency in Textile Industry of Pakistan." Jinnah Business Review 09, no. 01 (January 1, 2021): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53369/sruq4933.
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The study aimed to explore the significance of the relationship between current asset management, and financial efficiency in the textile sector of Pakistan. Financial data were collected for 50 textile companies for the year 2001 to 2017. The researchers analyzed the study using panel-data estimation techniques like the fixed as well as the random-effect after applying the Hausman-test, and LM-test. Fisher type panel unit root test was also applied. The empirical results of the study indicate that current asset ratio as the measure of current asset management is a highly negatively significant driver of financial efficiency in the textile sector of Pakistan. Also, the controlling factors like leverage, and tangibility are significant factors of financial efficiency. The policymakers, and management of the companies in the textile sector of Pakistan should carefully consider current asset ratio for deciding on enhancing the financial efficiency of their firm as current asset ratio decreases financial efficiency in this sector.They should take careful decision in their current asset management practices.
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Ma, Cheng, and Wei Xuan Fang. "The Lifecycle Growth Trend and Demand Prediction of China Copper Industry." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.31.
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With the rapid economic development in China, the domestic copper demand grows sustainedly and drives the continual expansion of China copper industry. The study is based on the industry lifecycle theory and supported by the lifecycle characteristics of non-ferrous metal industry of the current developed countries. Combined the experienced data of early developed industrial countries to our practical situation, the growth trend and development limitation of China copper industry lifecycle are analyzed by the growth curve model, which is significant for the accord development of China copper industry.
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Čater, Tomaž, Barbara Čater, Matej Černe, Matjaž Koman, and Tjaša Redek. "Industry 4.0 technologies usage: motives and enablers." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 32, no. 9 (August 16, 2021): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2021-0026.
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PurposeThe paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the drivers for the use of Industry 4.0 technologies by investigating (1) what motivates companies to consider using I4 technologies and (2) what enables (or hinders) the intention to use I4 technologies to translate into their actual use.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses survey data collected from a sample of export-oriented manufacturing companies with more than 10 employees. Final analysis is conducted on 124 companies.FindingsThe results show that companies are proactively approaching I4. Only efficiency motives and expected competitive advantage have a positive effect on the intention to use I4 technologies, which in turn positively influences their actual use. The external, legitimacy-based, motives do not play a significant role in explaining the intention to use. With respect to I4 technology enablers, employee competency positively moderates and availability of finance negatively moderates the relationship between intention to use and actual use.Research limitations/implicationsThe work extends the existing knowledge base on I4 technology drivers in companies that are not major global trendsetters but are heavily embedded in the value chains of companies from the most industrially developed economies. The study is limited to manufacturing companies in a small European economy and should be retested in other contexts.Practical implicationsThe study can help managers implement I4 technologies in their companies more successfully.Originality/valueWe take a novel research approach by proposing a framework that clearly distinguishes between motives and enablers for the use of I4 technologies.
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Willie, James, and Ronald Sachs. "Structural and torsional vibration and noise analysis of a dry screw compressor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916648989.
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This paper investigates torsional vibration and pulsating noise in a dry screw compressor. The compressor is designed at Gardner Denver (GD) and is oil-free and use for mounting on highway trucks in the dry bulk industry. They are driven using a power take-off (PTO) transmission and gear box on a truck. Torque peak fluctuations and noise measurements are made and their sources are investigated and reported in this work. To accurately predict the torsional response (frequency and relative angular deflection and torque amplitude), the Holzer method is used. It is shown that the first torsional frequency is manifested as sidebands in the gear train meshing frequencies and this can lead to noise. Using measurement data and curve fitting it is deduced that the pulsating noise is a result of amplitude modulation and not frequency modulation. Sensitivity analysis of the drive train identifies the weakest link in the drive train that limits the first torsional frequency to a low value. Tuning options like increasing the stiffness or inertia of the weakest element and shifting the input speed to the right are presented and discussed. Finally, the effect of higher-order torsional modes on inter-lobe clearance distribution of the rotors is investigated.
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Yeo, Benjamin. "Societal impact of university innovation." Management Research Review 41, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 1309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-12-2017-0430.
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PurposeThis study aims to use university patent and regional economic data to investigate the current and future impact of university innovation, measured using multiple variables, on real economic productivity.Design/methodology/approachUsing university patent and regional economic data, regression models are built to determine the impact of university innovation on current and future regional economic performance.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that university innovation generates sustained impact on economic performance, but by itself, is insufficient in driving economic performance; and different measures of university innovation have different degrees of impact. University innovation makes up a small, albeit significant, proportion of the drivers of economic performance.Research limitations/implicationsThere are four implications. First, developing countries can leverage university–industry collaborations for economic growth. Second, innovation management must encourage continuous university innovation for sustainable economic productivity. Third, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM innovation warrant attention. Fourth, successful innovation policies should be tailored to their unique societal contexts.Originality/valueAlthough innovation is a driver of economic performance, there is a lack of studies that focus specifically on universities, operationalize performance using gross domestic product measures and take into account impact lags by exploring universities’ current and future impacts.
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Im, Hyunsuk, Haeyeop Song, and Jaemin Jung. "The effect of streaming services on the concentration of digital music consumption." Information Technology & People 33, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-12-2017-0420.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to articulate whether consumers’ use of music via streaming service benefits niche products and diversified consumption of music. It examines does winner take all or is long tail achieved in the digital music market. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the degree of concentration in the digital music sales, this study measures multiple concentration metrics using the top 100 songs for 245 weeks listed on the Korean music ranking chart. Findings Conflicting results are found between the analyses based on short-run and long-run data. When sales distributions are compared weekly or monthly, the results show that streaming services have a less concentrated sales distribution than download services. However, the result becomes the opposite in the long-run analysis (i.e. one year). Originality/value This study proposes that the non-technological drivers such as the beneficial addiction of music consumption can be a crucial driver affecting the usage concentration in music industry, coupled with the royalty policy of access-based services.
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Teeravaraprug, Jirarat. "Batch Size Determination: A Case Study of Hard Disk Drive Industry." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 1140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.1140.
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This paper gives an attempt in determining an appropriate production batch size by using simulation method. The case study of this paper is an industry producing hard disk drives in Thailand. The scope of the production process considered in this paper is in the backend area of the production process of hard disk drives. Three main customers are considered. Each customer requires different sample size in an inspection process and the sample size affects bath size. Therefore, this paper needs to consider each customer separately and tries to determine an appropriate batch size for each customer. First, data collection of the process and its details are given. The as-is simulation model is constructed. Outputs, production lead time, work in process and machine utilization are used to verified the as-is model. The statistical method is used to compare between those in the real system and those based on the model. Further three levels of batch sizes are analyzed by using the simulation model. It is found that each customer type requires different batch size.
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Ellison, Glenn, Edward L. Glaeser, and William R. Kerr. "What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns." American Economic Review 100, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 1195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.3.1195.
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Why do firms cluster near one another? We test Marshall's theories of industrial agglomeration by examining which industries locate near one another, or coagglomerate. We construct pairwise coagglomeration indices for US manufacturing industries from the Economic Census. We then relate coagglomeration levels to the degree to which industry pairs share goods, labor, or ideas. To reduce reverse causality, where collocation drives input-output linkages or hiring patterns, we use data from UK industries and from US areas where the two industries are not collocated. All three of Marshall's theories of agglomeration are supported, with input-output linkages particularly important. (JEL L14, L60, O33, R23, R32)
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Sun, Yinan. "Research on the Relationship between Marketing Strategy and Brand Development of Apparel Companies Based on Data Mining Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501062.
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The apparel industry is an important part of China’s economy and an important industry that drives the continuous improvement of national living standards. As the size of China’s internal market continues to expand, competition in the apparel industry has become increasingly fierce, making the development of apparel companies face huge challenges. For apparel companies, establishing a brand style that is unique and effective in attracting consumers, along with a sound brand marketing strategy, is a must for apparel companies to survive. This paper takes Company X, which is engaged in the apparel industry, as an example, and firstly analyses Company X’s brand marketing, then introduces data mining technology to analyse the relationship between Company X’s marketing strategy and brand development in view of the shortcomings of Company X’s brand marketing, and finally proposes a corresponding brand marketing strategy in order to provide a reference for the formulation of Company X’s brand marketing plan and promote the development of the apparel industry.
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Akhtar, Muhammad Hanif. "Performance analysis of Takaful and conventional insurance companies in Saudi Arabia." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 677–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2017-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of Takaful and conventional insurance companies in Saudi Arabia during a period of 2010-2015 by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique for the whole population of insurance companies. Design/methodology/approach Given its objectives, the present study adopts the most prevalent DEA approach, by using the DEA Solver-Pro (Version 13). The DEA has emerged as a valuable analytical research technique. It measures the relative efficiency of firms in the presence of multiple inputs and outputs, based on a linear programming technique, and attempts to find out the firms that determine an envelopment frontier, are super efficient and with a higher productivity index. Findings It stems from the analysis that on a yearly basis, the average efficiency scores of firms have soared up overtime since 2010 till 2014 reflecting that most of the companies did well on the efficiency front. It is notable to mention here that the top slots for super efficiency are taken over by smaller firms, while the bigger firms are laggards here rather than the leaders. This reflects that the larger insurance firms need to augment their efficiency levels through more efficient utilization of inputs. The results of the study reveal that both Takaful and the larger conventional insurance firms in the country need to strengthen their operations more efficiently in order to take advantage of the economies of scale and scope. Market share and profitability are important determinants of efficiency. Research limitations/implications The larger insurance firms in the country need to a possible solution to the issue of inefficient market dynamics might lie in consolidation of the market through mergers and acquisitions. However, this needs a direct involvement of regulators in the Kingdom so that the market becomes healthy. Even though the Saudi insurance sector appears to have benefited from the compulsory insurance regulations for the expatriates and their families, however, there is still a need for efficiency and productivity improvement in the industry. The Takaful firms need to adopt such measures that would help them to take advantage of their specialized products toward efficiency vis-à-vis productivity drives. Finally, the insurance firms in Saudi Arabia need to adopt the use of threshold practices in order to compare their relative performance to improve on their efficiency and productivity levels by catching-up with the frontiers of best practices. Originality/value Based on the available literature, an exclusive study on the insurance sector of Saudi Arabia is so far non-existent. The study stands as pioneer to provide a starting point on overall performance evaluation of insurance firms in Saudi Arabia in various contexts in addition to the current and future trends of the insurance sector in the Kingdom.
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Soegiharto, Soegiharto. "What Drives the Payment of Higher Merger Premiums?" Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 11, no. 2 (May 14, 2009): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5529.
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This study examines whether the premiums paid to targets firms are affected by bidder CEO overconfidence, merger waves, method of payment, industry of merged firms, and capital liquidity. Using merger data for the period spanning from 1991 to 2000, this study finds that CEOs pay less premiums in cash mergers and pay more premiums for mergers undertaken during the year of high capital liquidity. Moreover, the findings also demonstrate that CEOs tend to pay higher merger premiums for mergers that occur during merger waves and in high capital liquidity year. CEOs’ behavior, which is the main variable examined in this study, does not show any significant effect on the premiums paid. This suggests that the effect of CEO overconfidence on the premiums paid may be exaggerated.