Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Datation – Méthode du carbone 14'
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Evin, Jacques. "Fiabilité des matériaux utilisés en datation par le radiocarbone." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10175.
Full textJacks, Xavier. "Méthodes de datation des objets anciens." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P089.
Full textGabasio, Martine. "Application de la datation radiocarbone à des céramiques archéologiques grises ou noires." Lyon 1, 1987. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02091580.
Full textDelque-Kolic, Emmanuelle. "Méthodes d'extraction du carbone des poteries pour leur datation par le radiocarbone." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10119.
Full textFleche, Yves. "Synthèse de phénols et de naphtols diversement substitués : application aux composés marqués au carbone 14." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30080.
Full textMessager, Cyrielle. "Datation par la méthode du radiocarbone de pigments et peintures anciennes à base de blanc de plomb." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ005.
Full textRadiocarbon dating is one of the analytical methods used in archaeology and art history to determine the age of an object made up of materials from living organisms. Today, in the field of the arts, and particularly for paintings, the supports in wood, canvas or paper, and recently the binders of plant and animal origin are the only constituents of painted works accessible to this technique. However, the results coming from the supports do not always reflect the date of creation of the artwork because of the common reuse of these materials. In addition, the binder is not always organic or present in sufficient quantities. Finding other materials that can be dated by 14C is therefore important to authenticate a painting. Except black carbon made from charcoal or bone, most of the others constituents of the paint layers are not appropriate because they are generally inorganic pigments, extracted from natural ores and depleted in 14C.Lead white is a synthesized inorganic pigment, widely used from Antiquity to the very beginning of the 20th century. The study of the mechanism of its synthesis has recently highlighted the role of carbon dioxide in the formation of cerussite and hydrocerussite, the two lead carbonates that compose this pigment. Thus, by considering the incorporation of carbon during the synthesis, lead white seems to be a potential candidate for radiocarbon dating and for the authentication of painted artworks.This thesis work consisted in setting up experimental protocols based on the measurement of carbon isotopes (13C and 14C) in lead white based pigments and paints in order to test this hypothesis. A protocol for the extraction of carbon from lead carbonates was developed and adapted to the nature and complexity of the materials studied, raw or filled pigment and paint. The study is based on the thermal decomposition properties of lead carbonates and allows to determine the best conditions for carbon extraction. This method was then tested and validated on a large panel of model samples and historical samples of know age. In addition, the carbon isotopic data were related to the historical recipes and made it possible to discriminate between the different lead white production processes.This thesis demonstrates that lead white is an inorganic pigment that can be radiocarbon dated. The 14C measurement provides information on the date of its manufacture. The approach and protocols presented for this study could also be adapted to other inorganic paint pigments containing organic carbon, thus increasing the number of available materials for dating and authenticating pictorial works of art
Toro, Villegas Gloria Elena. "Tephrochronologie de la Colombie centrale (département d'Antioquia et abanico de Pereira) : une approche stratigraphique, géochimique, minéralogique et géochronologique (par C14 et traces de fission)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10036.
Full textDandurand, Grégory. "Cavités et remplissage de la nappe karstique de Charente (bassin de la Touvre, La Rochefoucauld) : spéléogenèse par fantômisation, archives pléistocène et holocène, rôle de l'effet de site." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30044.
Full textThis PhD aims to study caves and subterranean karst infillings deposits from Charente (Touvre catchment) as a memory of past climate and environments. From the concept of site effect, the two studied caves (Bois du Clos and Fuie) show an original recording of the regional palaeoclimatic conditions of the Middle-Upper Pleistocene and of the Holocene. The prominent role of the ghost-rock processe during the long geological time of Lower Cretaceous (45 Ma) was demonstrated by the study of three quarries, drilling and the young cave of La Fuie. This alteration process explains the genesis of labyrinthic caves and also the complexity of the Touvre aquifer which supplies the city of Angoulême. Indeed the large water reserve is situated into the porous rock (slow drainage) while a small part is drained by the karst conduits (fast drainage coming from river losses). The geochemical, sedimentological and mineralogical studies of detrital infillings deposits into Bois du Clos and la Fuie allowed to characterize hydrosedimentary dynamics and palaeoenvironmental conditions between marine isotope stages 6 and 3, obtained by 14C et U/Th in speleothems of Bois du Clos cave. The microchemical imagery by X-ray fluorescence has highlighted the existence of some carbonated levels related to the process of speleogenesis by ghost rock and the major role of groundwater level fluctuations. The compared chronostratigraphic study of the regional speleological and archaeological sequences finally allowed reflecting the role of local and regional settings, as well as global parameters in palaeoclimate
Garnier, Jean-Marie. "Transport du carbone inorganique en solution : expérimentation et modélisation à différentes échelles (2.10⁻¹ , 10 et 10² à 10³ m)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112391.
Full textLegendre, Yoann. "Reconstruction fine de l'histoire éruptive et scenarii éruptifs à la soufrière de Guadeloupe : vers un modèle intégré de fonctionnement du volcan." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077065.
Full textIt is important for the Soufrière volcano to improve our reconstruction of the eruptive past over an extended period to elaborate refined and credible eruptive scenarios. In this doctoral thesis, we present the results of a new detailed chronology of the eruptive history of la Grande Decouverte - Soufrière (GDS) complex for the last 50 000 years. Our integrated approach is based on the stratigraphyic analysis of more than 250 new outcrops, 181 new radiocarbon age dates as well as on a sedimentologic study of cores newly obtained on the « Cendres Jaunes » unit. Combined with an exhaustive reinterpretation of older available data, our new chrono-stratigraphic data show that magmatic activity of la GDS complex is significantly higher than previously interpreted. Indeed, we have identified at least 28 eruptive events for the last 50 000 years of activity of the volcanic complex. Moreover, at least 15 eruptive events have occurred during the most recent Soufrière episode in the last 9150 years. Activity over the last 50 000 years consists of at least 21 major explosive eruptive phases showing a large range in magnitude, and at least 17 dome-forming eruptive phases of large magnitude characterized by an important explosivity. Finally, at least 16 recognized flank-collapse events are associated with these eruptive events. Our data suggests activity at La Soufrière of Guadeloupe is dominated by polyphasé eruptive events consisting of different phases of activity that occur over a short yet unknown span of time. The interpretation of these data allows us to elaborate credible eruptive scenarios for a future event at la Soufriere de Guadeloupe
Tantau, Ioan. "Recherches pollenanalytiques dans les Carpates Orientales (Roumanie). Histoire de la végétation et de l'action humaine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30049.
Full textPaleoecological studies of five wetlands from the Eastern Romanian Carpathians and from the southwestern part of Transylvania depression were accomplished. Eleven pollen diagrams established by 1165 pollen spectra and supported by 64 14C datings make it possible to reconstitute the Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history. Durind the Late Glacial interstadial the forest recolonisation begin with the Pinus developpement, without the Betula phase. Picea begin to expend from the refuges. After an Younger Dryas well marked, the Holocene begin with the Betula, Ulmus and Picea expansion, then, at about 9,000 BP, by that of Fraxinus, Quercus and Tilia. Corylus optimum is correlated with the Atlantic chronozone (after 8,000 BP), that of Carpinus is characteristic of Subboreal (at about 5,000 BP). The forests of Fagus are spread starting from 4,000 BP. The first evidences of cultivation of cereals appear around 6,500 B. P. The regional diachronisms evidences makes it possible to reconstitute the migration routes of some forest taxa
Chabault, Christelle. "Identification des circulations souterraines dans le cas de deux aquifères sableux : Sables de Fontainebleau(78- Yvelines) et Sables de l'Astien (34- Hérault)." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112341.
Full textCaner, Laurent. "Les sols humifères des Hautes Terres du massif des Nilgiri en Inde du Sud : formation d'andosols sur une ancienne couverture ferrallitique en relation avec les évolutions climatiques des derniers millénaires." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10009.
Full textHigh elevation humiferous soils from the Nilgiri Hills may be considered as the result of a polycyclic genesis: the ferrallitic regoliths corresponding to an old pedogenesis under a tropical wet and hot climate; the present pedogenesis concerning only the surface humiferous horizons. The most humiferous soils are marked by the presence of high amounts of organo-metallic complexes and verify the criteria of identification of Andosols in recent soils classifications and are moreover non-allophanic. The Nilgiri Andosols developed on an ancient ferrallitic material present and original pedogenesis. In the absence of volcanic glasses and any other weatherable minerals the potential sources of aluminium and iron to form the organometallic complexes are the secondary oxides. Gibbsite and iron oxides, considered as stable minerals of ferrallitic weathering, are instable in acidic conditions and in presence of organic matter. Due to high amounts of oxides the organo-metalllic associations are provided with a substantial metallic charge which leads to the emergence of andic properties. 14C datings and δ13C of soil organic matter revealed that the formation of the organic matter-rich horizons was related to the existence of a cold period at the transition Pleistocene / Holocene with grassland vegetation. The study of these soils gives information on the processes of organic matter accumulation in soils at different periods and show that the characterisation of the organo-metallic complexes at different scales allows to understand the interactions of the organic matter with metallic-cations which is the key process of its stabilisation
Strechie-Sliwinski, Claudia. "Enregistrement sédimentaire des changements environnementaux récents dans la zone Nord-Ouest de la Mer Noire." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112178.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate the processes and the recent environmental changes stored in the sediments from the North-Western part of the Black Sea in the last 30,000 years. We used sedimentary cores extracted from water depths ranging from 55 to 2100 m. In order to obtain information about the depositional environment and the chronology of the events, we used different methods: clay mineralogy analysis, sedimentology, environmental magnetism, organic matter characteristics and AMS radiocarbon chronology. Radiocarbon dating of the organic matter and fossil shells was used to obtain a precise chronology of the past events. It was difficult to correct the 14C data, because of the differences between the ages of organic matter and shells that varied significantly from one sample to another. This difficulty comes from the fact that the Black Sea basin contained in some periods oxygenated fresh water and in some periods stratified salty water. The correlation between the 14C data and the carbonate content allowed us to set up a chronology of the sediments. The clay mineralogy pointed out that the sediments containing smectite were carried into the basin mainly from the North and not from the South of the drainage basin, as previous studies indicated. The environmental magnetism study helped us to determine the significant variations in the oxygenation of the sediment and of the water column (i. E. , changes between oxygenated and anoxic conditions). The magnetism study together with the organic matter characteristics also indicates changes in the salinity of the water. Our study reveals the environmental changes that have occurred during the last 30,000 years
Quiles, Anita. "Construction d'une chronologie absolue pour la 18eme dynastie de l'Egypte ancienne par la méthode du carbone 14 en Spectrométrie de Masse par Accélérateur : modélisation bayesienne et simulations de transport de faisceau." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077080.
Full textRadiocarbon dating is a well-tried method and a fundamental tool for archaeology. In the first part of this Project, we were interested in the instrumental aspect of measurements done on the ARTEMIS facility at the LMC14 laboratory. At first, we detailed how this facility operates. Then, we used complementary tools to simulate the transport of the beam through the different elements. Using the Transport tool, we obtained the optical spectrum of the beam, ensuring that there was no loss of beam, and identified the most sensitive points of the facility. Then, we used the GEANT4 tool-kit to simulate the interactions of the incident ions in different media. From these simulations we were able to establish the tolerances of the settings on electric and magnetic fields as well as the acceptance of the beam. Finally, the detector was optimized so as to subtract molecular ions C13H and C12H2 from the measurement of 14C ions. Next we showed that Bayesian statistics were a method that was relevant to the improvement of the precision of the results. We particularly focused our experiments on objects from the 18ft dynasty in Egypt. Objects conserved in the Dept. Of Egyptian Antiquities at the Louvre Museum and archaeologically attributed to a specific reign, were dated by radiocarbon analysis. The ages we obtained were constrained by archaeological and astrophysical evidence. We deduced a realistic range of dates for the beginning of each reign of the 18* dynasty. Finally, this new absolute chronology was tested on a specific study of objects coming from Gebel el-Zeit
Sévin-Allouet, Christophe. "Durabilité et hiérarchie des sépultures collectives dans le Nord-Ouest de la France et dans les Îles Britanniques (4500-2500 avant J. -C. )." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010535.
Full textCalmel-Avila, Maryvonne. "Géomorphogenèse holocène dans le Bas-Guadalentin : bassin du Segura, province de Murcie, Espagne." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU1005.
Full textThe topic of the research is in line with the geomorphology in the environment of human society. It deals with the analysis, organisation and interpretation of erosion processes in a semi-arid region for the last 10 000 years in levant, spain. The methodology consists of stratigraphic studies of sections along the river banks, carbon dating, palynologic and ceramic indentifications. This thesis is made up of three parts. The first part deals with the presentation of scientific approach and of geomorphologic, climatic and anthropic contexts. The second part gives over to holocene geomophologic processes through algeciras, librilla, murta and low-guadalentin watersheds'studies. The third part proposes an interpretation of great stage of holocene geomorphologic processes. They are due to an interaction between natural and anthropic factors
Leduc, Sophie. "Émissions gazeuzes issues de déchets radioactifs solides." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18588.
Full textSabatier, Pierre. "Reconstitution des événements climatiques extrêmes (crues et tempêtes) au cours de l'holocène dans le golfe d’Aigues-Mortes (Sud de la France)." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20111.
Full textThe effects of climate change on extreme events are difficult to assess because extremes present large variability and consequently, it is difficult to identify significant trends in relation to the lack of instrumental long time series. Here we present a record of these extreme storm events in the French Mediterrannean coast over the past 7000 years based on a long sediment core from lagoonal environment in Gulf of Lions. Using a high resolution multiproxies approach on core associating grain size, faunal to reconstruct Mid to Late Holocene history of backbarrier deposits in relation to landfalling activity. Even if change in lagoon geomorphological setting over the Holocene does not allow to compare storm events in terms of intensity trough time, we have recorded six periods of increase in storm activity at 6200, 5500, 4400, 3200, 1500 yr cal B. P. And over the LIA (450 and 100 yr cal B. P. ). These evidences of changes in coastal hydrodynamic, inversely correlated to periods of aridification in Western Mediterranean region, are in phase with those observed over the North Atlantic and correspond to Holocene cooling events. This increase in storm activity during Holocene cold events over Mediterranean region was probably due to thermal gradient increase leading to enhanced lower tropospheric baroclinicity over a large Central Atlantic-European domain. This study demonstrates that temperatures in North Atlantic region influence the severe storm activity and therefore the Mediterranean climate at Holocene timescale
Le, Dantec Théo Aurélien. "Dissolved organic matter characterization in a large arctic river : origins and dynamic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0001.
Full textArctic regions are expected to be highly sensitive to climate change regarding the prediction of disproportionately large increases in surface temperatures and their related influence over the hydrological cycle and permafrost thaw. These modifications have the potential to impact biogeochemical cycles in these regions and in particular the mobilization of organic carbon into rivers. The most crucial period in arctic rivers hydrological cycle is the spring freshet that can account for most of the annual organic carbon transfers to the ocean in a very short window of time. The focus of this thesis was to monitor the dynamic of DOM in terms of quantity and quality along the hydrological cycle of the Yenisei river, through DOM characterization approaches to reveal seasonal variations in its composition, sources, age and degradation state. The first step was to make a review of the full range of existing DOM characterization approaches in worldwide river systems to identify the most widely used, the most relevant and reliable ones. Through the development of a DOM quality measurements database, we have been able to evaluate the geographical coverage of DOM characterization studies, to give estimates and ranges of values of the main reported DOM characterization variables and to observe global trends of DOM quality across latitudinal gradient. Second stage was to investigate DOC dynamic in the Yenisei river with regard to quantity and links with water chemistry and hydrology. We conducted sampling campaigns during three consecutive years (2014 to 2016), covering with a high sampling frequency the spring flood period to capture its very dynamic evolution. We reported DOC concentrations that followed the hydrograph with highest concentrations observed a few days before peak discharge. DOC concentration also responded to discharge variation (increase, likely due to higher precipitation) in early autumn. We reported average DOC flux over the three sampling years of about 4.53 Tg yr-1 which is within the range of values reported in the literature. We observed interannual variability with annual export estimates ranging from 5.45 Tg yr-1 in 2014 to 3.57 Tg yr-1 in 2016, likely driven by discharge amplitude. We confirmed the important role of spring freshet in DOC export with on average more than 65% occurring during this period (roughly May/June). Third point was to determine DOM quality combining characterization techniques. Combination of approaches helped to strengthen observations and cross validate interpretations. Most of the variables reported from the different characterization techniques confirmed one each other. The use of lignin biomarkers, optical properties and radiocarbon age of DOM allowed us to trace DOM main sources has primarily deriving from recently produced organic matter leached from boreal forest litter and top soil horizon during the spring flood and older organic matter derived from deeper soil horizons during low flow period
Courel, Blandine. "Caractérisation de substances naturelles en contexte archéologique : apport des études moléculaires, isotopiques et de la datation au 14C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF026/document.
Full textIn this archaeometric study, lipid biomarkers from archaeological soils and organic substances originating from plants found on artefacts were investigated by GC-MS. In addition, the stable carbon isotopic composition of individual lipids and the 14C age (AMS MICADAS) of soil organic matter, lipid extracts and one isolated compound (miliacin) were determined. Such an archaeometric approach allowed:- the existence of a millet cultivation during the Bronze Age in Alsace to be unveiled for the first time based on preserved molecular remains of this cereal in agricultural soils trapped within grain silos dated from the Iron Age.- the function of uncharacterized archaeological structures to be identified as ancient latrines and a stall area based on the identification of faecal steroidal markers.- reliable chemotaxonomic criteria for the authentication of styrax resins and liquidambar gums to be established using specific organic markers (triterpenoids, notably).- the vegetal component of an organic coating decorating a skull from the 9th millennium BC (Nahal Hemar site, Israel) to be identified as a resin from Styrax officinalis.- the use of birch bark tar as adhesive for the making of a jewellery dated from the Iron Age to be discovered
Mohaseb, Karimlu Fatemeh. "Exploitation des animaux de l'Âge du Bronze au début de la période Islamique dans le Nord-ouest de l'Iran : l'étude archéozoologique de Haftavan Tepe." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010649.
Full textDelmas, Magali Danielle. "Chronologie et impact géomorphologique des glaciations quaternaires dans l'est des Pyrénées." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010644.
Full textDurier, Marie-Gabrielle. "Contribution of geochemistry and geochronology to the knowledge of the history of the uses of modern musical instruments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ012.
Full textThe PhD study presented here is part of a general strategy initiated by the Musée de la musique in Paris to integrate archaeometrical approaches in the efforts to historically document musical instruments, as object of use bearing the material testimony of the surrounding musical and cultural demands. Since musical instruments were produced following artisanal practices encompassing oral tradition and transmission, they are rarely associated with accurate early written sources.The aim of this research is to explore the feasibility and the limits of adapting two advanced techniques widely applied on archeomaterials, 14C geochronology and isotope geochemistry, to the issues of modern instrumentarium kept museum collections, essentially dated from the 17th to the late 18th c. Our investigations focused on 14C dating and 87/86Sr isotope ratio measurements applied on linseed oil/colophony varnishes, bearing the material traces of the history of uses. The material corpus was extended to pieces of furniture and horse-drawn carriages mainly from the early 18th c. Indeed, the original varnishes comprising linseed oil and colophony were preserved and the issues of the history of uses are also present. In addition, the corpus includes early gut strings, as a testimony of the musical use of the instrument.The partnership between the Musée de la musique in Paris and the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) combines the museum independent expertise with the sharpest technologies for 14C dating (MICADAS) and Sr isotope measurements (MC-ICP-MS NEPTUNE). This PhD study is based on these two approaches, which also combine historical documentation and the wide range of analysis methods commonly available in museum institutionsThe 14C geochronology study leads to the development of sampling protocols and chemical treatments for analyzing Heritage materials according to their nature. The complex and composite chemical environment of the coatings requires methodological developments to extract the “right” carbon to be dated. The study also provided new insights to deepen the knowledge on the analyzed objects and their uses, such as the impact of some restorations, the reuse of materials or the nature of ingredients.The provenance study using Sr isotope measurements is a feasibility study applied on organic binders, especially colophony. The conservation of the 87/86Sr signature from the bedrocks to the pin resin was validated though isotope analyses applied on a corpus of pine soil/resin couples and pine soil/resin/colophony trios. Selected colophony found in the current market provide 87/86Sr ratio measurements consistent with geochemical maps.This PhD research highlights the different technology limits and the state of advancement in the methodological adaptations of 14C geochronology and isotope geochemistry applied on early oil/colophony varnishes dated from the 17th and the 18th century. It shows the possibility to overcome pitfalls such as the sample size for 14C dating (respecting the integrity of heritage objects) or the reducing of the contamination level for isotope measurements on pine resins. Three articles were published (Durier et al. 2019 Radiocarbon, Durier et al. 2021 Heritage Science, Durier et al. 2022 Techné). The research opens up new perspectives to address the issues of counterfeiting, retouching, maintenance or restoration interventions on musical instruments, and to unravel connection between early centers of production of natural resins and centers of violin making
Le, Dantec Théo Aurélien. "Dissolved organic matter characterization in a large arctic river : origins and dynamic." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0001/document.
Full textArctic regions are expected to be highly sensitive to climate change regarding the prediction of disproportionately large increases in surface temperatures and their related influence over the hydrological cycle and permafrost thaw. These modifications have the potential to impact biogeochemical cycles in these regions and in particular the mobilization of organic carbon into rivers. The most crucial period in arctic rivers hydrological cycle is the spring freshet that can account for most of the annual organic carbon transfers to the ocean in a very short window of time. The focus of this thesis was to monitor the dynamic of DOM in terms of quantity and quality along the hydrological cycle of the Yenisei river, through DOM characterization approaches to reveal seasonal variations in its composition, sources, age and degradation state. The first step was to make a review of the full range of existing DOM characterization approaches in worldwide river systems to identify the most widely used, the most relevant and reliable ones. Through the development of a DOM quality measurements database, we have been able to evaluate the geographical coverage of DOM characterization studies, to give estimates and ranges of values of the main reported DOM characterization variables and to observe global trends of DOM quality across latitudinal gradient. Second stage was to investigate DOC dynamic in the Yenisei river with regard to quantity and links with water chemistry and hydrology. We conducted sampling campaigns during three consecutive years (2014 to 2016), covering with a high sampling frequency the spring flood period to capture its very dynamic evolution. We reported DOC concentrations that followed the hydrograph with highest concentrations observed a few days before peak discharge. DOC concentration also responded to discharge variation (increase, likely due to higher precipitation) in early autumn. We reported average DOC flux over the three sampling years of about 4.53 Tg yr-1 which is within the range of values reported in the literature. We observed interannual variability with annual export estimates ranging from 5.45 Tg yr-1 in 2014 to 3.57 Tg yr-1 in 2016, likely driven by discharge amplitude. We confirmed the important role of spring freshet in DOC export with on average more than 65% occurring during this period (roughly May/June). Third point was to determine DOM quality combining characterization techniques. Combination of approaches helped to strengthen observations and cross validate interpretations. Most of the variables reported from the different characterization techniques confirmed one each other. The use of lignin biomarkers, optical properties and radiocarbon age of DOM allowed us to trace DOM main sources has primarily deriving from recently produced organic matter leached from boreal forest litter and top soil horizon during the spring flood and older organic matter derived from deeper soil horizons during low flow period
Brionne, Charles. "Signatures morphosédimentaires de la dynamique juxta-glaciaire à la transition de fronts glaciaires marins à terrestres : le cas de la Côte-Nord du Québec (estuaire et golfe du St Laurent)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH005.
Full textThis thesis combines a dual geomorphological and sedimentological approach with the use of LiDAR data, bathymetry, drone photogrammetry and radiocarbon dating. It has enabled us to reconstruct the glacial paleodynamics in a deglaciation context for the Laurentide ice sheet since the last glacial maximum, around 20,000 years ago, and more specifically during the transition from an ice margin anchored at sea to a continental ice margin: (1) mapping, synthesising and proposing a model for the megagrooves of the North Shore of the St Lawrence, a first study for these morphologies, and (2) reconstructing the geomorphological and morphosedimentary record of the Pentecôte sedimentary complex, which precisely represents this transition. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the importance of the structural heritage and physiography of the floor at the glacial margin in the reconstruction of the glacial retreat dynamics of the eastern LIS margin
Meurisse, Murielle. "Enregistrement haute résolution des massifs dunaires Manche, mer du Nord et Atlantique : le rôle des tempêtes." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-347.pdf.
Full textLe, Borgne Fabrice. "Marquage de peptides et leucotriènes : étude d'une nouvelle méthode de marquage non radioactive : marquage de leucotriènes au carbone 14." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112326.
Full textRecently, the use of tricarbonyl chromium clusters, coupled with FT-IR spectroscopy detection has been successfully applied to the labelling of steroïd hormones. We studied the possibility of labelling peptides and leukotrienes with hexacarbonyl dicobalt clusters. From the appropriate acetylenic precursors, we synthetized the following neurokinin A and substance P complex derivatives: [Nle Co2(co6)]11-SP,[Nle Co2(CO)6]10-NKA and [Lys Co2(C0)6 ]2-NKA. These complexes were proved to be detectable by IR-spectrometry at concentrations of 10-12moles. Biological studies have shown that this labelling technique may be interesting when used on appropriate conditions. Similarly, we prepared the hexacarbonyl dicobalt complexes of peptidoleukotrienes LTE4 and LTC4, from dehydro-14, 15 LTA4. Biological studies are underway to evaluate the activity of these leukotrienes complexes. Moreover, for studies of peptidoleukotrienes metabolism in biological systems, we developed a total synthesis of LTC4, specifically labeled with carbon 14 on the cysteïnyl carbonyl with a specific activity of 50 mCi/mM, starting from natural glutathione labeled with carbon 14
Demory, François. "Paleomagnetic dating of climatic events in Late Quaternary sediments of Lake Baikal (Siberia)." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/181/.
Full textLake Baikal provides an excellent climatic archive for Central Eurasia as global climatic variations are continuously depicted in its sediments. We performed continuous rock magnetic and paleomagnetic analyses on hemipelagic sequences retrieved from 4 underwater highs reaching back 300 ka. The rock magnetic study combined with TEM, XRD, XRF and geochemical analyses evidenced that a magnetite of detrital origin dominates the magnetic signal in glacial sediments whereas interglacial sediments are affected by early diagenesis. HIRM roughly quantifies the hematite and goethite contributions and remains the best proxy for estimating the detrital input in Lake Baikal. Relative paleointensity records of the earth′s magnetic field show a reproducible pattern, which allows for correlation with well-dated reference curves and thus provides an alternative age model for Lake Baikal sediments. Using the paleomagnetic age model we observed that cooling in the Lake Baikal region and cooling of the sea surface water in the North Atlantic, as recorded in planktonic foraminifera δ18 O, are coeval. On the other hand, benthic δ18 O curves record mainly the global ice volume change, which occurs later than the sea surface temperature change. This proves that a dating bias results from an age model based on the correlation of Lake Baikal sedimentary records with benthic δ18 O curves. The compilation of paleomagnetic curves provides a new relative paleointensity curve, “Baikal 200”. With a laser-assisted grain size analysis of the detrital input, three facies types, reflecting different sedimentary dynamics can be distinguished. (1) Glacial periods are characterised by a high clay content mostly due to wind activity and by occurrence of a coarse fraction (sand) transported over the ice by local winds. This fraction gives evidence for aridity in the hinterland. (2) At glacial/interglacial transitions, the quantity of silt increases as the moisture increases, reflecting increased sedimentary dynamics. Wind transport and snow trapping are the dominant process bringing silt to a hemipelagic site (3) During the climatic optimum of the Eemian, the silt size and quantity are minimal due to blanketing of the detrital sources by the vegetal cover.
Xu, Yu. "Etude de la diffusion du carbone dans le zirconium et la zircone en volume des gaines de combustible usées par simulations multi-échelles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS199/document.
Full textAs part of the nuclear waste management, hulls and ends of fuel claddings are cut, compacted and put in CSD-C containers (compacted standard waste containers). Currently stored at La Hague, the waste will be stored in deep geological environment. The MA-VL waste contains RN including carbon-14, which comes from the neutron activation of nitrogen-14 and oxygen-17 present in the oxide Zircaloy. The objective of this thesis, which is taken in collaboration with EDF and AREVA, is to answer the question of the carbon-14 behavior in ZrO₂ and Zr metal. This thesis is to perform numerical simulations, using the Theory of Density Functional (DFT) to model the behavior of carbon-14 in the CSD-C. The simulations are performed with multi-scale approach: 1) At atomic scale, optimization of atomic models to represent the different phases of ZrO₂; identification of the insertion sites for the carbon atom in interstitial sites and substitutions of an oxygen or zirconium atom; modeling different minimum energy path for the migration of a carbon atom from one site to another by interstitial and vacancye mechanisms. 2) At macroscopic scale, determination of diffusion coefficients in pure bulk monoclinic ZrO₂ and pure bulk Zr by the Monte Carlo method
Goldfain, Valérie. "Mise au point et validation d' une méthode CLHP pour le dosage d' un nouvel agoniste des récepteurs kappa : application à une étude pharmacocinétique chez l' homme après administration orale du produit marqué au carbone 14." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P227.
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