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Journal articles on the topic 'Day care centres – Malawi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Schade, Alexander Thomas, Foster Mbowuwa, Paul Chidothi, Peter MacPherson, Simon Matthew Graham, Claude Martin, William James Harrison, and Linda Chokotho. "Epidemiology of fractures and their treatment in Malawi: Results of a multicentre prospective registry study to guide orthopaedic care planning." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): e0255052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255052.

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Importance Injuries cause 30% more deaths than HIV, TB and malaria combined, and a prospective fracture care registry was established to investigate the fracture burden and treatment in Malawi to inform evidence-based improvements. Objective To use the analysis of prospectively-collected fracture data to develop evidence-based strategies to improve fracture care in Malawi and other similar settings. Design Multicentre prospective registry study. Setting Two large referral centres and two district hospitals in Malawi. Participants All patients with a fracture (confirmed by radiographs)—including patients with multiple fractures—were eligible to be included in the registry. Exposure All fractures that presented to two urban central and two rural district hospitals in Malawi over a 3.5-year period (September 2016 to March 2020). Main outcome(s) and measure(s) Demographics, characteristics of injuries, and treatment outcomes were collected on all eligible participants. Results Between September 2016 and March 2020, 23,734 patients were enrolled with a median age of 15 years (interquartile range: 10–35 years); 68.7% were male. The most common injuries were radius/ulna fractures (n = 8,682, 36.8%), tibia/fibula fractures (n = 4,036, 17.0%), humerus fractures (n = 3,527, 14.9%) and femoral fractures (n = 2,355, 9.9%). The majority of fractures (n = 21,729, 91.6%) were treated by orthopaedic clinical officers; 88% (20,885/2,849) of fractures were treated non-operatively, and 62.7% were treated and sent home on the same day. Open fractures (OR:53.19, CI:39.68–72.09), distal femoral fractures (OR:2.59, CI:1.78–3.78), patella (OR:10.31, CI:7.04–15.07), supracondylar humeral fractures (OR:3.10, CI:2.38–4.05), ankle fractures (OR:2.97, CI:2.26–3.92) and tibial plateau fractures (OR:2.08, CI:1.47–2.95) were more likely to be treated operatively compared to distal radius fractures. Conclusions and relevance The current model of fracture care in Malawi is such that trained orthopaedic surgeons manage fractures operatively in urban referral centres whereas orthopaedic clinical officers mainly manage fractures non-operatively in both district and referral centres. We recommend that orthopaedic surgeons should supervise orthopaedic clinical officers to manage non operative injuries in central and district hospitals. There is need for further studies to assess the clinical and patient reported outcomes of these fracture cases, managed both operatively and non-operatively.

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Mulwafu, Wakisa, Hannah Kuper, Asgaut Viste, and Frederik K. Goplen. "Feasibility and acceptability of training community health workers in ear and hearing care in Malawi: a cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (October 2017): e016457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016457.

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ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and acceptability of training community health workers (CHWs) in ear and hearing care, and their ability to identify patients with ear and hearing disorders.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingHealth centres in Thyolo district, Malawi.ParticipantsTen health centres participated, 5 intervention (29 CHWs) and 5 control (28 CHWs).InterventionIntervention CHWs received 3 days of training in primary ear and hearing care, while among control CHWs, training was delayed for 6 months. Both groups were given a pretest that assessed knowledge about ear and hearing care, only the intervention group was given the posttest on the third day of training. The intervention group was given 1 month to identify patients with ear and hearing disorders in their communities, and these people were screened for hearing disorders by ear, nose and throat clinical specialists.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was improvement in knowledge of ear and hearing care among CHWs after the training. Secondary outcome measures were number of patients with ear or hearing disorders identified by CHWs and number recorded at health centres during routine activities, and the perceived feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.ResultsThe average overall correct answers increased from 55% to 68% (95% CI 65 to 71) in the intervention group (p<0.001). A total of 1739 patients with potential ear and hearing disorders were identified by CHWs and 860 patients attended the screening camps, of whom 400 had hearing loss (73 patients determined through bilateral fail on otoacoustic emissions, 327 patients through audiometry). Where cause could be determined, the most common cause of ear and hearing disorders was chronic suppurative otitis media followed by impacted wax. The intervention was perceived as feasible and acceptable to implement.ConclusionsTraining was effective in improving the knowledge of CHW in ear and hearing care in Malawi and allowing them to identify patients with ear and hearing disorders. This intervention could be scaled up to other CHWs in low-income and middle-income countries.Trial registration numberPan African Clinical Trial Registry (201705002285194); Results.

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Nabity, Scott A., Laurence J. Gunde, Diya Surie, Ray W. Shiraishi, Hannah L. Kirking, Alice Maida, Andrew F. Auld, et al. "Early-phase scale-up of isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV in two districts in Malawi (2017)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0248115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248115.

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Background Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) against tuberculosis (TB) is a life-saving intervention for people living with HIV (PLHIV). In September 2017, Malawi began programmatic scale-up of IPT to eligible PLHIV in five districts with high HIV and TB burden. We measured the frequency and timeliness of early-phase IPT implementation to inform quality-improvement processes. Methods and findings We applied a two-stage cluster design with systematic, probability-proportional-to-size sampling of six U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-affiliated antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers operating in the urban areas of Lilongwe and Blantyre, Malawi (November 2017). ART clinic patient volume determined cluster size. Within each cluster, we sequentially sampled approximately 50 PLHIV newly enrolled in ART care. We described a quality-of-care cascade for intensive TB case finding (ICF) and IPT in PLHIV. PLHIV newly enrolled in ART care were eligibility-screened for hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy, as well as for TB disease using a standardized four-symptom screening tool. Among eligible PLHIV, the overall weighted IPT initiation rate was 70% (95% CI: 46%–86%). Weighted IPT initiation among persons aged <15 years (30% [95% CI: 12%–55%]) was significantly lower than among persons aged ≥15 years (72% [95% CI: 47%–89%]; Rao-Scott chi-square P = 0.03). HIV-positive children aged <5 years had a weighted initiation rate of only 13% (95% CI: 1%–79%). For pregnant women, the weighted initiation rate was 67% (95% CI: 32%–90%), similar to non-pregnant women aged ≥15 years (72% [95% CI: 49%–87%]). Lastly, 95% (95% CI: 92%–97%) of eligible PLHIV started ART within one week of HIV diagnosis, and 92% (95% CI: 73%–98%) of patients receiving IPT began on the same day as ART. Conclusions Early-phase IPT uptake among adults at ART centers in Malawi was high. Child uptake needed improvement. National programs could adapt this framework to evaluate their ICF-IPT care cascades.

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Quinsey, Carolyn, Jessica Eaton, Weston Northam, Matt Gilleskie, Anthony Charles, and Eldad Hadar. "Challenges and opportunities for effective data collection in global neurosurgery: traumatic brain injury surveillance experience in Malawi." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 4 (October 2018): E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.7.focus18281.

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Global health research can transform clinical and surgical practice worldwide. Partnerships between US academic centers and hospitals in low- and middle-income counties can improve clinical care at the host institution hospital and give the visiting institution access to a large volume of valuable research data. Recognizing the value of these partnerships, the University of North Carolina (UNC) formed a partnership with Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi.The Department of Neurosurgery joined the partnership with KCH and designed a Head Trauma Surveillance Registry. The success of this registry depended on the development of methods to accurately collect head injury data at KCH. Since medical record documentation is often unreliable in this setting, data collection teams were implemented to capture data from head trauma patients on a 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week basis. As data collection improved, pilot groups tested methods to collect new variables and the registry expanded. UNC provided onsite and remote oversight to strengthen the accuracy of the data.Data accuracy still remains a hurdle in global research. Data collection teams, oversight from UNC, pilot group testing, and meaningful collaboration with local physicians improved the accuracy of the head trauma registry. Overall, these methods helped create a more accurate epidemiological and outcomes-centered analysis of brain injury patients at KCH to date.

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Zakaria Ahmed, Ahmed Sayed, Fabiano Santos, Alice Dragomir, Simon Tanguay, Wassim Kassouf, and Armen Aprikian. "Postoperative mortality and complications after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in Quebec: A population-based analysis during the years 2000-2009." Canadian Urological Association Journal 8, no. 7-8 (August 11, 2014): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1997.

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Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is a very complex urologic procedure. Despite improvements in practice, technique and process of care, it is still associated with significant complications, including death, with reported postoperative mortality rates ranging from 0.8% to 8%. We examine the quality of surgical care indicators and document the mortality rates at 30, 60 and 90 days after RC across Quebec.Methods: Within the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) administrative database (this database provides prospectively collected universal data on all medical services) and the Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) database (this provides vital status data), we used procedure codes to identify patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer in Quebec over 10 years (between 2000 and 2009), as well as RC outcomes and dates of death. Data obtained were retrospectively analyzed in relation to multiple parameters, including patient characteristics and healthcare providers’ volumes. The outcomes analyzed included postoperative complications and mortality rates at 30, 60 and 90 days.Results: A total of 2778 RC were performed in 48 hospitals by 122 urologists across Quebec. Among them, 851 (30.6%) patients had at least one postoperative complication and 350 (12.6%) patients had more than one complication. The overall mortality rates at 30, 60 and 90 days were 2.8%, 5.3% and 7.5%, respectively, with significantly elevated 90-day mortality rates in some centres. In the multivariate analysis, increased age was associated with increased risk of post-RC complications and mortality. For example, patients over 75 had more chance of having at least one postoperative complication (odds ratio [OR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.31-2.11) and mortality at 90 days (OR 3.28, 95% CI: 2.05-5.26). Provider volume effect on outcomes was statistically significant, with large hospitals having decreased risk of 30-day mortality (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12-0.70), 60-day mortality (OR 0.41, 95% CI:0.26-0.82) and 90-day mortality (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29-0.93) when compared to smaller hospitals. Surgeon volume showed weak, but not statistically significant, evidence of reduced odds of mortality for the high-volume surgeon. Limitations of our study include reliance on administrative data, which lack some relevant clinical information (such as patient functional status and tumour pathological characteristics) to perform risk adjustment analysis.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that postoperative outcomes after RC in Quebec varies based on several parameters. In addition, 30-day postoperative mortality after RC in Quebec appears acceptable. However, 90-day postoperative mortality rates remain significantly elevated in some centres, particularly in the elderly. This requires further research.

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Warin, Andrew P. "Dermatology day care treatment centres." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 26, no. 4 (June 2001): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00833.x.

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7

Singer, Elly, and Ruth Miltenburg. "Quality in child day care centres: How to promote it? A study of six day‐care centres." Early Child Development and Care 102, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443941020101.

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8

Catty, Jocelyn, and Tom Burns. "Mental health day centres." Psychiatric Bulletin 25, no. 2 (February 2001): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.2.61.

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Aims and MethodMental health day centres have been little researched. We carried out a 1-week census at the four day centres run by a London borough.ResultsThe centres catered for a g roup with long-standing mental health problems, mostly under community mental health team care. A surprising number were suffering from physical ill health. They attended the centres primarily for social reasons or to participate in creative groups such as music and art.Very few were concurrently attending day hospitals.Clinical ImplicationsFurther work is essential to understand the distinction between NHS day hospitals and Social Services day centres in terms of utilisation and client group.This client group's needs, particularly for physical health care, require urgent attention.

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Lazero, Camille San. "Abuse of children in day care centres." Child Abuse Review 3, no. 2 (June 1994): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2380030204.

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10

Cress, Susan W. "A Focus on Literacy in Home Day Care." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 25, no. 3 (September 2000): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910002500303.

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A survey was conducted to look at some of the basic activities and materials of the literacy environments in home day care centres in St Joseph County, Indiana, USA. The literacy environments of preschools and centres, as well as the home environments of early readers, were used to provide the initial framework for the discussion. Results of the survey indicate that, although some of the home day care centres do provide a conducive literacy environment, other children do not have access to basic materials and activities. Suggestions are provided for early childhood educators in advocating for supportive literacy environments in home day care centres.

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11

Abraham, V. J., Vinohar Balraj, N. Shankar, Anand Job, and A. Joseph. "Training Teachers of Day Care Centres for Primary Ear Care." Tropical Doctor 33, no. 2 (April 2003): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550303300215.

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The feasibility of training teachers of day care centres for children (balwadi teachers) to recognize and manage common ear problems was studied so that they could provide primary care for ear related morbidity in the community. A training module was designed, piloted on grass root level workers and used to train 19 balwadi teachers. Their knowledge, skills and technique of examination was assessed following training. Pathways for referral were established between the balwadis, secondary and tertiary hospitals. The knowledge score of the balwadi teachers increased from a mean of 28.4% to 86%; they scored an average of 75% in an assessment of their examination technique. Their sensitivity in identifying overall ear related morbidity was 75%, and 96% in identifying children with ear discharge, specifically. Age, education and experience did not affect the outcome of their training. While it may be premature to comment on the impact of the training, periodic supervision, close monitoring and review sessions would sharpen the skills of the balwadi teachers and improve their efficiency.

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Manshande, Jean-Pierre. "MEASLES VACCINATION IN CHILDREN ATTENDING DAY-CARE CENTRES." Lancet 326, no. 8456 (September 1985): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90048-0.

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13

Ebrahim, G. J. "Infections in Day-care Centres and their Control." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 35, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/35.1.2.

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Ebrahim, G. J. "Infections in Day-care Centres and their Control." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 35, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/35.1.6.

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Suthers, Louie. "Music Experiences for Toddlers in Day Care Centres." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 29, no. 4 (December 2004): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910402900408.

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Vossius, C., G. Selbæk, J. Šaltytė Benth, A. Wimo, K. Engedal, Ø. Kirkevold, and A. M. M. Rokstad. "Cost analysis of day care centres in Norway." PLOS ONE 14, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): e0219568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219568.

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DALGLEISH, MARY. "HOSPITAL DAY CARE CENTRES for mentally handicapped adults." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 10, no. 1 (August 26, 2009): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1982.tb00004.x.

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Merry, Denny. "Introduction to day care centres: a case study." Nursing and Residential Care 2, no. 5 (May 2000): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2000.2.5.7751.

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Abiodun, P. O., J. C. Ihongbe, and A. Ogbimi. "Asymptomatic rotavirus infection in Nigerian day-care centres." Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 5, no. 3 (September 1985): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724936.1985.11748385.

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Petrogiannis, Konstantinos, and Edward C. Melhuish. "Aspects of quality in Greek day care centres." European Journal of Psychology of Education 11, no. 2 (June 1996): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03172723.

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Setia, Monika, and Jami L. DelliFraine. "Need and feasibility of telemedicine in non-urban day care centres." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 16, no. 5 (June 17, 2010): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2010.091002.

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There appear to have been no studies of telemedicine in rural day care centres. We have assessed the feasibility of using telemedicine in eight rural day care centres in Pennsylvania, from the day care centres' perspective. The average number of children in these centres was 76 (range 20–150). The centres sent an average of 4.7 children home each month because of illness. Using telephone and face-to-face interviews, we assessed their perceived need for and familiarity with telemedicine, as well as their openness and preparedness for implementing telemedicine. Most day care centres reported a need for telemedicine and were open to learning how to use it. Some centres were concerned about adequate space for the equipment, but overall, the centres felt that their resources were adequate. Telemedicine in rural day care centres appears to be feasible, and would have the potential to save time and money for parents, as well as perhaps improving health care for children in rural areas.

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Dragonas, Thalia, John Tsiantis, and Anna Lambidi. "Assessing Quality Day Care: The Child Care Facility Schedule." International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, no. 3 (September 1995): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800310.

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The Child Care Facility Schedule (CCFS) represents an effort to develop a measure to assess quality child care. Initially 80 criteria, covering 8 areas considered important for attaining quality, were defined. These were subsequently tested in three different cultural contexts: Athens (Greece), Manila (Philippines), and Ibadan (Nigeria). Reliability studies were conducted in Athens and Ibadan, and a validity study was carried out in Athens. Concurrent validity was established by comparing the CCFS scores with those obtained from an unstructured observation by an observer unfamiliar with the content of the Schedule. Criterion validity was examined by comparing the CCFS scores with those derived from another well-established measure. Factor and cluster analyses were used as a means for establishing construct validity. A general quality factor that tapped the contribution of the caretakers to quality was revealed, and a shorter 43-item version was recommended. The CCFS appears to identify differences among the various types of day care centres, and can be used for self-evaluation by the personnel of day care centres.

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IECOVICH, ESTHER, and AYA BIDERMAN. "Quality of life among disabled older adults without cognitive impairment and its relation to attendance in day care centres." Ageing and Society 33, no. 4 (April 11, 2012): 627–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12000104.

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ABSTRACTDay care centres intend to improve the quality of life of disabled older adults. The aims of the paper are to: (a) examine the extent to which users of day care centres experience higher levels of quality of life compared to their peers who are non-users; and (b) to explore the relationships between the length of use and frequency of weekly attendance at day care centres and quality of life. This is a case-control study with a sample of 817 respondents, of whom 417 were users of day care centres and 400 were non-users, matched by age, gender and family physician. The study was conducted in 12 day care centres in the southern region of Israel. Data collection included face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Quality of life was found to be significantly related to the use of day care centres, but length and frequency of attendance were insignificant in explaining quality of life among users of day care centres. The study demonstrated that users of day care centres have a higher quality of life, but in a cross-sectional study we cannot prove causality. Therefore, more research using quasi-experimental and longitudinal research designs is necessary to assess causality between use and attendance at day care centres on users' quality of life.

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Ahrenkiel, Annegrethe, Camilla Schmidt, Birger Steen Nielsen, Finn Sommer, and Niels Warring. "Unnoticed Professional Competence in Day Care Work." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v3i2.2551.

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This article presents a double perspective on social educators’ professional competence: It discusses how everyday life in day care centres (preschools) is dependent on professional competences that can be conceived as “unnoticed.” These aspects of professional competence are embedded in routines, experiences and embodied forms of knowledge. However, it may be discussed whether these competences are under pressure from increased demands for documentation, standardization and evaluation of children’s learning outcomes. The article will briefly outline this development in the day care sector, followed by a discussion of unnoticed professional competence and the related notion of gestural knowledge. The double perspective on social educators’ professional competences will be illuminated by empirical examples from a research project involving social educators from two day care centres in Denmark.

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Pierse, Tom, John Cullinan, Fiona Keogh, and Eamon O'Shea. "159 Geographic Accessibility and Capacity of Day Care Services for People with Dementia." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.93.

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Abstract Background Day care is an important service for some people with dementia and their carers. In Ireland, day care services for people with dementia are delivered by a mix of dementia specific day-care centres and generic centres that cater for people with dementia to various degrees. In this paper we map the geographic variation in the supply of day care services for people with dementia relative to potential need. Methods Using a national HSE survey of day care centres, we estimate the current supply of day care services for people with dementia in both generic and dementia specific centres by combining a number of qualitative and quantitative measures. To identify the variation in supply, we map day care provision at local and regional levels to the number of people with dementia in the area. To consider geographic accessibility, we map and analyse the population living outside the catchment area of the day care centres. Results There is significant variation across the country in the existing capacity of day care centres to cater for people with dementia. The number of places per 100 persons with dementia varies from 9 to 16 across the Community Health Organisation areas. We show that 20 per cent of people with dementia are not living within a 15km radius of a day care centre that caters for people with dementia. Conclusion Day care has a place in the menu of service for people with dementia living in the community. As the number of people with dementia grows, investment in day care centres needs to be targeted to areas of greatest need. In many parts of the country, the current day care centres have limited capacity to provide a service for people with dementia that live in their catchment area. There is considerable geographical inequity in day care provision for people with dementia across the country.

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Chappell, Neena L., Alexander Segall, and Doris G. Lewis. "Gender and Helping Networks among Day Hospital and Senior Centre Participants." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 9, no. 3 (1990): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800010679.

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RÉESUMÉCet article examine les différences de sexe qui existent au sein des réseaux d'entraide pour ce qui est de trois différents genres de maladies (malaises usuels, les cas d'urgence hypothétiques affectant la santé à court terme, et incapacité fonctionnelle) chez les personnes qui séjournent dans des hôpitaux de jour et dans des foyers d'accueil à Winnipeg au Manitoba. Selon les résultats, les femmes ont plus de chances de recevoir l'aide de la famille, excluant un époux, et elles bénéficient plus des services offerts par leurs amies. Le sexe est done devenu lié étroitement à qui assistait, même lorsqu'on tenait compte de la disponibilité de cette personne, de la durée de la maladie, et d'autres facteurs de santé ainsi que des particularités du réseau social.

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Erwin, Peter J., Ann Sanson, Diana Amos, and Ben S. Bradley. "Family day care and day care centres: Carer, family and child differences and their implications." Early Child Development and Care 86, no. 1 (January 1993): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443930860108.

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Munton, Anthony G., Ann Mooney, and Janina UszyNska. "Quality in Group Day Care Provision: UK self‐assessment models in Hungarian day care centres." International Journal of Early Years Education 7, no. 2 (June 1999): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966976990070205.

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Allen, K. D. "Multi-resistant pneumococci in children in day-care centres." Journal of Infection 37, no. 1 (July 1998): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(98)90131-1.

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Dunais, B., C. van Dijken, P. Bruno, P. Touboul, H. Carsenti-Dellamonica, and C. Pradier. "Antibiotic prescriptions in French day-care centres: 1999-2008." Archives of Disease in Childhood 96, no. 11 (July 18, 2011): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2010.207969.

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31

Gulson, Brian, and James Ray. "Lead in dust and soil from day-care centres." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 8, no. 12 (1997): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb97037.

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Rentzou, Konstantina. "Parent–caregiver relationship dyad in Greek day care centres." International Journal of Early Years Education 19, no. 2 (June 2011): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2011.609045.

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Dullie, Luckson, Eivind Meland, Øystein Hetlevik, Thomas Mildestvedt, Stephen Kasenda, Constance Kantema, and Sturla Gjesdal. "Performance of primary care in different healthcare facilities: a cross-sectional study of patients’ experiences in Southern Malawi." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e029579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029579.

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ObjectiveIn most African countries, primary care is delivered through a district health system. Many factors, including staffing levels, staff experience, availability of equipment and facility management, affect the quality of primary care between and within countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of primary care in different types of public health facilities in Southern Malawi.Study designThis was a cross-sectional quantitative study.SettingThe study was conducted in 12 public primary care facilities in Neno, Blantyre and Thyolo districts in July 2018.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥18 years, excluding the severely ill, were selected to participate in the study.Primary outcomesWe used the Malawian primary care assessment tool to conduct face-to-face interviews. Analysis of variance at 0.05 significance level was performed to compare primary care dimension means and total primary care scores. Linear regression models at 95% CI were used to assess associations between primary care dimension scores, patients’ characteristics and healthcare setting.ResultsThe final number of respondents was 962 representing 96.1% response rate. Patients in Neno hospitals scored 3.77 points higher than those in Thyolo health centres, and 2.87 higher than those in Blantyre health centres in total primary care performance. Primary care performance in health centres and in hospital clinics was similar in Neno (20.9 vs 19.0, p=0.608) while in Thyolo, it was higher at the hospital than at the health centres (19.9 vs 15.2, p<0.001). Urban and rural facilities showed a similar pattern of performance.ConclusionThese results showed considerable variation in experiences among primary care users in the public health facilities in Malawi. Factors such as funding, policy and clinic-level interventions influence patients’ reports of primary care performance. These factors should be further examined in longitudinal and experimental settings.

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Vaughan, Phillip J. "Developments in Psychiatric Day Care." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 1 (July 1985): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.1.1.

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Although day care for the mentally ill has been used for almost forty years the potential of the service has not been fully utilised and the movement lacks any sense of overall direction. Day hospitals, the major provider of day care places, have expanded because of practical and financial pressures rather than by their own merit. Meanwhile, day centres have failed to make any significant impact on the psychiatric system, due to a lack of funding to local authorities and their consequent lack of commitment. The result has been a ratherad hocdevelopment of services and a failure to rationalise their activities.

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Cionita, Tezara, Nor Mariah Adam, Juliana Jalaludin, Mariani Mansor, and Januar Siregar. "Measurement of Indoor Air Quality Parameters in Daycare Centres in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.245.

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This paper focuses on the monitoring of indoor air quality parameters, namely: indoor temperature, humidity, velocity, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in day care centres. This study selected 15 day care centres located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These day care centres were categorized as follows: (1) day care centers near an industrial area, (2) day care centers near a main road, and (3) day care centers in a residential area. The obtained data showed that the values for the indoor air quality parameters in all day care centres were still well below the recommended value according to the Department of Safety and Health, Malaysia. The day care centers near an industrial area had the highest value of carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide as compared to the day care centers near a main road and the day care centers in a residential area. The average concentrations of carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in the day care centers near an industrial area were 3.67 ppm and 801.56 ppm respectively. Meanwhile, the carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in the day care centers near a main road area and the day care centers in a residential area were 3.13 ppm, 768.22 ppm, 2.92 ppm and 733.70 ppm, respectively.

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Schippers, Joop J., and Jacques J. Siegers. "Public Day Care Centres, Company Day Care Centres, and Segregation Between Men and Women in the Labour Market: the Case of the Netherlands." Labour 6, no. 3 (December 1992): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.1992.tb00067.x.

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Iyer, Hari S., John Flanigan, Nicholas G. Wolf, Lee Frederick Schroeder, Susan Horton, Marcia C. Castro, and Timothy R. Rebbeck. "Geospatial evaluation of trade-offs between equity in physical access to healthcare and health systems efficiency." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 10 (October 2020): e003493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003493.

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IntroductionDecisions regarding the geographical placement of healthcare services require consideration of trade-offs between equity and efficiency, but few empirical assessments are available. We applied a novel geospatial framework to study these trade-offs in four African countries.MethodsGeolocation data on population density (a surrogate for efficiency), health centres and cancer referral centres in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Rwanda were obtained from online databases. Travel time to the closest facility (a surrogate for equity) was estimated with 1 km resolution using the Access Mod 5 least cost distance algorithm. We studied associations between district-level average population density and travel time to closest facility for each country using Pearson’s correlation, and spatial autocorrelation using the Global Moran’s I statistic. Geographical clusters of districts with inefficient resource allocation were identified using the bivariate local indicator of spatial autocorrelation.ResultsPopulation density was inversely associated with travel time for all countries and levels of the health system (Pearson’s correlation range, health centres: −0.89 to −0.71; cancer referral centres: −0.92 to −0.43), favouring efficiency. For health centres, negative spatial autocorrelation (geographical clustering of dissimilar values of population density and travel time) was weaker in Rwanda (−0.310) and Tanzania (−0.292), countries with explicit policies supporting equitable access to rural healthcare, relative to Kenya (−0.579) and Malawi (−0.543). Stronger spatial autocorrelation was observed for cancer referral centres (Rwanda: −0.341; Tanzania: −0.259; Kenya: −0.595; Malawi: −0.666). Significant geographical clusters of sparsely populated districts with long travel times to care were identified across countries.ConclusionNegative spatial correlations suggested that the geographical distribution of health services favoured efficiency over equity, but spatial autocorrelation measures revealed more equitable geographical distribution of facilities in certain countries. These findings suggest that even when prioritising efficiency, thoughtful decisions regarding geographical allocation could increase equitable physical access to services.

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Gudžinskienė, Vida, Rita Raudeliūnaitė, and Rokas Uscila. "The Possibilities of Implementation of the Rights of the Child in Children’s Day Care Centres." Pedagogika 121, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.15.

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As economic and cultural changes proliferate in our society, there is an increasing number of families the functioning of which disrupted – they are called social risk families. Social risk families are dominated by such negative factors as alcohol consumption, violence, negligence, failure to comply with societal norms, which are observed by growing up children every day. Gradually children growing up in social risk families become socially injured and need exceptional assistance. In order to assist socially injured children children’s day care centres are established, one of the functions of which is to implement children’s rights. The objective of the study: to theoretically and empirically validate the possibilities of children’s day care centres to implement children’s rights. The subject of the study – the possibilities of children’s rights which are implemented in children’s day care centres. The methods of the study: theoretical methods – the analysis of scientific literature, documents. Empirical methods – a questionnaire survey (instrument – questionnaire), which was aimed at collecting information on the implementation of socially injured children’s rights attending children’s day centres. 255 children, who attend day centres in rural areas, participated in the study. The age limit of children is not less than 14 years and not more than 18 years and parents of whom gave permission that their child could participate in the study. Such children’s age span was chosen, taking into consideration the fact that the children of such age are sufficiently mature and able to adequately express their opinion (the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), G. M. Biegel (2009). The statistical methods of data analysis: descriptive statistics (the analysis of a frequency distribution), Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The results of the study. The documents regulating the activity of children’s day care centres and the educational, socio-cultural activities, which are performed in the centres, and the material assistance, which is provided there, create the preconditions for the implementation of socially injured children’s rights. The empirical study on the implementation of children’s rights in children’s day care centres established that: a favourable psychological atmosphere which is created by the employees in day care centres and the carried out activities create conditions to implement the rights of the majority of socially injured children (a right to be not discriminated, free, healthy, respected, supervised, a right to a cultural activity, leisure and rest, education, (self-) development, a right to express their opinion, be provided for and supervised); the implementation of children’s rights in children’s day care centres is aggravated by a considerable distance between the children’s place of residence and a day care centre. Consequently, part of children stay in a day care centre briefly, they give little or no time for doing homework, participate in sociocultural activities rarely. Part of children have their rights to education and (self-)development, thoughtful and comprehensive leisure partly ensured; more than half of the investigators do not receive material assistance in day care centres. Children’s day care centres only partly ensure a children’s right to be provided for and healthy. It is appropriate to organise the ride of children in children’s day centres, which are in rural areas, in such a way that conditions would be created to all the children, who attend a day care centre, to participate both in educational and sociocultural activities.

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Pönkä, Antti, Eira Salminen, and Tuija Pönkä. "Accidents among Children in Communal Day-care Centres in Helsinki." Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 7, no. 1 (January 1989): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02813438909103669.

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Voogt, Gustav Radloff, Andrzej Roman Halama, and Carel Aron van der Merwe. "Immittance Screening in Black Preschool Children Attending Day-Care Centres." International Journal of Audiology 25, no. 3 (1986): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00206098609078382.

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Mazurek, Justyna, Dorota Szcześniak, Elżbieta Trypka, Katarzyna Małgorzata Lion, Renata Wallner, and Joanna Rymaszewska. "Needs of Older People Attending Day Care Centres in Poland." Healthcare 8, no. 3 (August 29, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030310.

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Introduction: Day care centres (DCC) aim to support older adults living in their own homes by providing a variety of activities to promote the independence of those people and reduce the caregiver’s burden. In Poland, there are no standards for providing this form of care. The provided care is delivered by different organisations, and there is a lack of quality control in the majority of places. Regrettably, in Poland, there is a paucity of research on the holistic needs of the elderly attending DCC. Aim of this study: This is the first study which has aimed to identify the Polish day care centres attendees’ needs to ensure that the increasing number of older people receive the best possible care, and as a part of the quality improvement process for recommendation development of the new day care services model in Poland within the ‘Homely Marina’ project. Methods and Materials: A representative sample (n = 269) was randomly selected from day care centres attendees (estimated as 10,688) in Poland. An anonymous survey for the assessment of needs was developed by the authors. Results: The respondents assessed the level of provided services as very good or good. Best rated services included meals, supportive and welfare services (occupational therapy, music therapy, art therapy, cognitive training). Almost half of the participants indicated the need for company as the main reason to attend a DCC. This research reveals a lack of support with regard to additional staff: e.g., a nurse. Conclusions: In Poland, the services offered in DCC should focus on social isolation and sense of loneliness prevention, and maintenance of social activity of the elderly. The presented analysis of needs in Polish day care centres suggests a need for changes which may improve the quality of services. There is a great need to find a balance between home-based care and in-patient care, using better integration of available services and strengthening support for informal caregivers. Robust research with a collection of meaningful outcomes is required to ensure that in Poland, the increasing number of older people is enabled to access high-quality day care service provision.

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Spackova, M., M. Wiese-Posselt, M. Dehnert, D. Matysiak-Klose, U. Heininger, and A. Siedler. "Comparative varicella vaccine effectiveness during outbreaks in day-care centres." Vaccine 28, no. 3 (January 2010): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.086.

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Kelley, Susan J. "Abuse of children in day care centres: Characteristics and consequences." Child Abuse Review 3, no. 1 (March 1994): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2380030105.

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Johnsen, Sarah, Paul Cloke, and Jon May. "Day centres for homeless people: spaces of care or fear?" Social & Cultural Geography 6, no. 6 (December 2005): 787–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649360500353004.

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Chouillet, A., H. Maguire, and Z. Kurtz. "Policies for control of communicable disease in day care centres." Archives of Disease in Childhood 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.67.9.1103.

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Viegas, João Carlos, Susana Nogueira, Daniel Aelenei, Hildebrando Cruz, Manuela Cano, and Nuno Neuparth. "Numerical evaluation of ventilation performance in children day care centres." Building Simulation 8, no. 2 (November 4, 2014): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-014-0202-7.

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St-Jean, Mélissa, Annie St-Amand, Nicolas L. Gilbert, Julio C. Soto, Mireille Guay, Karelyn Davis, and Theresa W. Gyorkos. "Indoor air quality in Montréal area day-care centres, Canada." Environmental Research 118 (October 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.001.

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Cich, Glenn, Irith Ben-Arroyo Hartman, Luk Knapen, and Davy Janssens. "A simulation study of commuting alternatives for day care centres." Future Generation Computer Systems 110 (September 2020): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.05.009.

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Murray, Sally. "Evaluating the Evaluation of Child Care Accreditation." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 21, no. 2 (June 1996): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919602100204.

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In June 1995 the Federal Government received the evaluation report on the national accreditation and quality improvement system for long day child care centres (Coopers & Lybrand Consultants 1995). The evaluation had been commissioned to investigate four issues: the quality improvements resulting from accreditation; the financial costs to centres of accreditation; the adequacy of resources provided to assist centres with accreditation; and any problems centres had encountered with the system. This paper focuses on the evaluation's findings with respect to the first term of reference, the exact wording of which was ‘to measure improvements in the quality of care attributable to the system’.

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Holloway, Frank. "Day Care in an Inner City." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 6 (June 1991): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.6.805.

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The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients attending psychiatric day care in an inner-urban catchment area were assessed using structured techniques. The overall prevalence of the use of day care was high (164 per 100 000 total population), and 86% of attenders were in prolonged psychiatric contact. Of those in prolonged contact, the clinical and social morbidity of 68 attenders at National Health Service day hospitals was strikingly similar to that of 42 attenders at other units. Users of a ‘community mental health centre’ and two work centres were less disabled than attenders at other day units. Implications of these results for the organisation of day services and training of staff are discussed.

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