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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Daylight and Architecture'
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1
McKenna, Ruairidh. "Designing Daylight: Improved daylight simulation methods in education and professional architecture practices." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280073.
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Mohamed, Khalid. "Breaking The Boxdaylight shaping architecture." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280074.
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It is well-known that daylight is a fundamental element to experiencean architectural space. In spite of that, there are limitedresources that consider how to form that space based ondaylight. This paper constitutes ‘Breaking the Box’ as a newconcept, which can be taken by architects, lighting designersand urban planners in parallel to their daylight design techniquesas a tool in design practice.‘Breaking the Box’ has its origin in the destruction of the boxconcept, a design method of the modern architecture pioneerFrank Lloyd Wright. Thus, it is an attempt to develop Wright’stheory in relation to daylight. The paper investigates severalqualitative and quantitative sub-tools in case studies andexperimental models, exploring a variety of configurations inspatial relationships and form to assess different characteristicsof daylight in residential environments.The aim of the study is to understand and control the penetrationof daylight qualities – considering both diffused skylightand direct sunlight – within a space in different latitudes.Thus, preserving the view and making the quality of daylightthe founding element shaping architecture by breaking thebox. The study revealed a strong relationship between daylightqualities and architectural form. As a result, it is evidencethat daylight does shape architecture. When it comes to incorporatingdaylight, form does not follow function but formand function are one.
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Haar, Tristan. "Depth Perception in Daylight - an approach to depth perception throughthe illumination of diffuse daylight." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280056.
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The focus of this thesis is to investigate if diffusedaylight affects human depth perception. It is builtupon previous knowledge and methods of observingand perceiving light brought into a research thatexperiment with different spatial contexts throughscale models. The central position of perceptual cueswithin the human visual field is discussed in relationto perceptual depth and visual elementsThe result of the performed experiement showed apossibility for diffuse daylight to have an effect on theperception of depth.Having the knowledge of building with daylightwill lead to a better understanding of how daylightis affecting our perception of spaces, which potentiallycan improve the ability of creating sustainableperceptual spatial experiences when designing andbuilding with daylight as an integrated part of the design
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Parpairi, Katerina. "Daylighting in architecture : quality and user preferences." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396080.
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Rockcastle, Siobhan Francois. "Daylight variability and contrast-driven architectural effect." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65745.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130).
Natural light is a dynamic and ephemeral tool for expressing the quality of architectural space. As a compliment to more traditional avenues of daylighting research that assess performance in terms of quantitative illuminance goals and glare-based discomfort, my thesis defines light variability and contrast as a finely tuned architectural effect. Under the rapidly growing context of energy conscious research, my thesis attempts to re balance our definition of "performance" to include those perceptual and aesthetic aspects of light that are often disregarded by the world of simulation. Contrast is important to the definition of space and it is essential in understanding how architecture is enhanced and transformed over time by the dynamic and variable characteristics of daylight. Through an analysis of contemporary architecture from around the world, this thesis has developed a new typological language that categorizes architectural space in terms of contrast and temporal variation. Using this system of categorization, my thesis proposes three new metrics for the quantification of contrast and light variability to provide a more holistic analysis of daylight performance.
by Siobhan Rockcastle.
S.M.
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Cannon-Brookes, Stephen W. A. "Daylight in museum galleries : quantitative evaluation using scale models." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363467.
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Khairy, Al Madhoon Nada. "Improving Daylight Qualities in Medelhavsmuseet." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280071.
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The master’s thesis investigates daylight qualities and visitors’ perception in the central atriumof Medelhavsmuseet in Stockholm, Sweden. The investigation started from personal observationof the space where a feeling of darkness was experienced despite the existing skylight.The visitors’ perception of daylight and space were examined through a survey, and it wascompared to daylight simulations where it was proven that the museum’s daylight quality couldbe classified as a minimum. It is suspected that visitor perception of the space was consideredto be bright due to the use of artificial light, and the brightness of the prevailing weather conditionsduring the time of the survey (mid-April). The daylight conditions as per the survey andsimulations are considered to be sufficient if not a little muted during the lighter half of the year,but during the darker seasons, they are likely to be insufficient. Furthermore, it is proposed thatre-designing the skylight, changing the way the artwork is displayed or changing the materialof the skylight could drastically improve daylight quality, in turn benefiting visitor experience.
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Vennström, Fredrika. "Architecture, Home & Daylight, -The openings affection on the quality of a space." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241477.
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This thesis investigates how the opening in the envelope of a typical Swedish commercial residential project could be treated differently from today. Instead of using the openings only to create a unique facade or to reach a certain daylight factor I try to find out how the openings could be treated in a manner affecting the perception of the interior space. Conscious use of qualities related to the opening, such as daylight and view has been used as a design tool. This project is not to be seen as a traditional design project but as an investigation about daylight and openings in commercial residential architecture in Sweden today. Also the project is looking into the industry’s relation to the subject of daylight.
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Angus, Roderick Charles. "Daylight illuminance modelling for the United Kingdom and Europe." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1995. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3712.
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This thesis highlights the benefits to occupants and owners of buildings who utilise daylight effectively. Many cases of absence are related to depression or Seasonal Adjustment Disorder(SAD) which results from inadequate exposure to daylight in the work place. The use of artificial lights has been linked to minor as well as more serious ailments such as cancer and increases in cases of miscarriage. The use of daylight in buildings from economic and environmental perspectives is the main concern of the thesis. The work and analysis of this thesis have produced two new illuminance models. In addition detailed illuminance and irradiance data for Central Scotland were recorded which has previously not been available. A comprehensive study of luminous efficacy research was undertaken in Chapter 3 which evaluated a complete range of models. Furthermore the luminous efficacy of various UK and international sites were compared to examine climatic differences. The development of a new slope illuminance model which more accurately predicts external illuminance for all sky conditions was shown to perform consistently better than previous models. This was due to the new model's treatment of the sky background diffuse component utilising an anisotropic form as opposed to the traditional assumption of an isotropic sky background diffuse component. The availability of sky luminance distribution data from introduction of sky scanners enabled innovative daylight illuminance factors to be developed. These factors model the distribution of the sky's hemisphere under all levels of cloud cover and calculate the internal illuminance taking into account window size, glazing type, orientation and time of the day. The development of the daylight illuminance factors has been shown to significantly improve the energy efficient design of buildings in comparison to the current practice of employing the sky factor method. The daylight illuminance factors were used in a modelled building design scenario to assess their performance and to examine energy efficient design. Lighting controls and various glazing types were analysed to study their impact on a buildings energy consumption. This study also incorporated an embodied energy analysis which considered the energy consumption of windows in manufacture and operation.
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Ray, Tiandra (Tiandra Marie). "Design for mental health : integrating daylight and nature into campus spaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99268.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 45).
The spectrum of mental and emotional health is broad, as are the causes and the variables within one's environment, relationships, and day to day activities. However, one's physical environment can significantly affect how they sleep, work, and interact with others- especially on college campuses where many do all of those things in the same spaces. In order to find applicable and specific effects of architecture on mental health, this thesis will focus on depression and anxiety. The goal is to find out if there are relatively low-cost, non-infrastructural changes that can be made to study and lounge spaces to minimize the environmental triggers for depression and anxiety and induce activities and habits that promote an emotionally healthy lifestyle. This raises a couple of questions both about architectural design and mental health: 1. Can the layout and design of a space affect how people act and feel within that space? 2. What types of spacial and personal interactions are emotionally and mentally healthy? 3. What are some environmental triggers for depression and anxiety? 4. How can a room's layout and overall atmosphere be altered to provide a mentally healthy space? 5. What are the purposes of various spaces on a campus, and are they designed for such? The purpose of this thesis is to answer the questions above in order to understand the connections between architecture and mental health and use that understanding to design the "optimal space" for a university member to rest or work (while maintaining their mental health). This thesis will use precedent studies, interviews, observations, surveys and an installation to investigate ways in which mental health is currently being considered in the design process, as well as how we can bridge the gap between design and psychological needs. This thesis will then provide a series of findings about spatial aspects that most affect mental health, as well as measures that one can take to improve mental health and recommendations about how this can be incorporated into the design of public lounges and study spaces at MIT.
by Tiandra Ray.
S.B.
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Paradise, Caroline. "Daylight and glazing specification : the impact on non-visual processes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/75610/.
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The aim of this thesis was to establish whether the choice of glazing system could be impacting on the well-being of building occupants beyond the response of the visual system, based on the daylight they receive within a building interior. Daylight utilization is inherent to the success of a building, and a number of parameters within the design of interior spaces have an impact on daylight distribution such as size of window and depth of room, as well as colour and reflectivity of surfaces. This thesis therefore also aimed to establish the relative importance of the choice of glazing in respect to these other parameters. Through an extensive literature review of biomedical, neuroscience and chrono-biological research, a set of lighting parameters for the stimulation of non-visual responses were defined based on two processes; circadian entrainment (or phase-resetting) and subjective alertness. Whilst this biomedical research is inconclusive at the time of completing this thesis, these parameters provided a basis from which to assess the potential effects of different lighting environments with respect to the well-being of building occupants. Physical measurements and a digital model of a Case Study room were used to establish the impact of a range of glazing systems on the light that reaches a person’s eye. These studies showed that it is insufficient to rely on traditional horizontal illuminance measurements alone to ascertain whether a given space will provide enough light to support the non-visual system. It also showed that the effect of the glazing is strongly interconnected with other design parameters of the room, such as the colour of the surfaces. Overall though, the glazing specification had the most significant impact on the light that reaches a person’s eye within the Case Study room. In conclusion this thesis shows that, based on current understanding of non-visual lighting requirements, the choice of glazing does have an important impact on the non-visual processes connected to the eye. Of the variables within the control of the designer the specification of glazing has been shown to have the most significant impact. Further design guidance is needed to avoid the potential health implications of poor glazing choice.
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Alnuaimi, Maitha Mohammed. "Daylighting techniques used in indigenous buildings in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), an investigative approach." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1891.
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Foltran, Arianna. "Shading system in glass facade architecture." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280025.
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Glass facades building, especially offices, always need shading devices to guarantee occupant's well-being and comfort. However, shading devices are often composed of shutters or fabric tents which creates dark interiors and do not allow access to view out. Moreover, they ruin the aesthetical appearance of glass facades. The study aims to research and propose an alternative shading system for glass facades building which can prevent from glare in the interior spaces as well as respecting the continuity of a glass facade from an exterior point of view. Research upon materials that can be integrated into glass has been carried and Ceramic ink digital printing has been found as the right technique to ensure both a functional and aesthetical value. The material today has been used mainly for decorative functions. The patterns and the colors of the shading device proposed with ceramic and digital ink printing have been tested in Deloitte Building in Copenhagen with both 3D digital models and an online survey investigating comfort preferences.
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Dunaway, Kellie. "Daylight and Views in Architecture: Long-Term Occupancy in Dense, Urban Conditions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491313608301448.
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Sahebghalam, Sara. "ASSESSMENT OF THE CIRCADIAN STIMULUS POTENTIAL IN A DAYLIT CLASSROOM: A SIMULATION-BASED EVALUATION OF KEY FACTORS TO ENHANCE DAYLIGHT-DRIVEN CIRCADIAN LIGHTING." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1622220736508826.
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Kim, June S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Folding fan fac̦ade : designing an actuated adaptive fac̦ade system for fine-grain daylight control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118698.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
In architecture, natural light is one of the main factors to consider when designing a building or a room. A building has to be designed in such a way to allow the right amount of natural light in which influences the building occupants' visual and thermal comfort level. Curtains, blinds, shades, or shutters are the most common static shading methods currently used to regulate the amount of sunlight coming into a room. However, traditional blinds or shades cannot be customized with respect to fine-grain localized control, which can result in suboptimal indoor lighting levels when the blinds or shades are down. While static window treatments are practical low-cost options, they cannot offer the level of adjustment that dynamic shadings can provide. Majority of the time, occupants of a room have the freedom to adjust the shades; however, the shades are often left in one position since occupants are not willing to constantly adjust the shutters every time the outside environmental conditions change. Unlike traditional blinds, adaptive fac̦ades are designed to automatically adjust positions depending on the environmental changes or have the ability to be fine-grain controlled by the occupant. Because of the ability to respond to fluctuating weather conditions, adaptive fac̦ades can provide optimal indoor day lit space. The purpose of this thesis is to design and build a proof-of-concept prototype of a folding fan-shaped actuated adaptive facade system. Because of the scope of this thesis, the prototype is designed to fit in one of the windows at McCormick Hall instead of a full scale building fac̦ade. There are 13 fan-shaped shades units that can be individually controlled to reduce direct sunlight coming into the indoor space. The results demonstrate that this technology can be designed and built with a modest budget and commonly available tools to achieve high quality results for customized daylight control.
by June Kim.
S.B.
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Yngvesson, Lisa, and Erik Adolfsson. "The impact of scale when using models of daylight analysis." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41181.
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The study examines the issue of scale regarding models when analyzing daylight, which scale is the most representative of a real space. There have been previous studies done regarding scale model and daylight, however, they do not look at how the scale itself can affect the experience of daylight. The use of the architects’ already built scale model can be seen as valuable for light designers when evaluations and visualizing daylight in a real space. However, the use of the architect's scale model depends on its scale, hence why this study is being conducted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects the scale has on daylight visualization with scale models. This study began with conducting a small literature study regarding daylight, scale models, visual perception and practical consideration when using scale models. The method was designed thereafter. By choosing a real room to base the scale models on, three scales were chosen, 1:50, 1:20 and 1:10. Thereafter the questionnaire was designed by using the analyzing method PERCIFAL as a base. The result of the study showed the subject's answers regarding; light level, shadows, light distribution and specular reflections. As well as a question regarding which scale model the found most representative of the real room and why. The compiled data showed which scale model was the most representative of the real room. The results show a difference between the different scale models and a correlation to the real room is seen. In conclusion, the scale model can be used to estimate and visualize the daylight within a space. However, the scale must be regarded and looked at so the chosen scale can represent the real space, which allows for an easy view of the model.
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Larsson, Emma. "DAYLIGHT as an architectural and atmospheric quality in Swedish domestic housing." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289195.
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In the real experience of a space, light and space are inseparable. Light describes the space, it’s shape and structure, as well as the space and its material tells about the nature of light. As described in Christian Norberg-Schulz’s work on housing, it is the architecture that makes the residence something more than the satisfaction of a practical need. According to Peter Zumthor, there is an interplay between sensory experiences, imagination and memory to create a certain atmosphere, and that we can quickly determine if the experienced atmosphere is something we like or not. But what exactly is this atmosphere? The aim of this thesis is to investigate what soul and atmosphere in domestic Swedish housing is consisting of, and if it can be measured or concretized. Based on previous literature research a study with two apartments from different periods of time were carried out. Observations, calculations, as well as questionnaires were made to try and find a connection between the comprehensible and the immeasurable, the atmosphere in a space.
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Chutarat, Acharawan. "Experience of light : the use of an inverse method and a genetic algorithm in daylight design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16775.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-147).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Integration of daylight availability in time and architectural space is a critical element in achieving optimal comfort and productivity, as well as in minimizing energy consumption. In recent years, there has been an increase in the demand of the better quality of the built environment. Accessibility and availability of information do not assurance success in design. There is a gap between available information and design team. A critical understanding of the issues that affects design and its process needs to be developed. Successful strategies require the participation of individual users and designers in configuring built environments and needs. Before proposing a new solution, success factors and methodology have been identified. There are many problems-solving techniques associated with design and delivery systems. Most popular techniques are forward methods and typically employed "trial and error" processes, attacking problems on the front end first. On the other hand, a problem-solving technique called the inverse method seems to be efficient. It starts with designer's goals and then identifies a design to meet those goals. In an effort to provide optimum choices in daylighting design, this thesis emphasizes the use of scientific-knowledge computational tools in the later stages of design employing the inverse method. The genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for optimal daylighting design strategies. A new design process has been created, developed, and implemented to increase design process efficiency and creativity. This thesis additionally presents a structured method for defining and evaluating multiple objectives. Objective measures are defined as maximized visual comfort and preferred lighting conditions. The thesis introduces a new daylight glare index (DGln). Further, a study has been conducted comparing subjective glare response in an office space with the DGln. Its correlation yields very promising results. Moreover, this research investigates several design problems, GA parameters, and processes for improving design results and efficiency. The most important aspect of GA and its application is the use of computation not as an analytical tool but rather as a vehicle to stimulate learning in the design process. Finally, ideas are presented for future work, based on the potential suggested by our findings.
by Acharawan Chutarat.
Ph.D.
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Gruzewski, Jaroslaw. "Form and daylight as a creative medium : Church of John Paul II in South End, Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66742.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, February 1992.Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-135).
This thesis is an architectural design project of a Catholic Church dedicated to Pope John Paul II. The main intention of this Thesis is to explore and clearly present daylighting methods and techniques and how important role they can play as the form-givers for an architectural design. This Thesis will also provide an answer for making daylight design process more inspiring and free from often misleading, graphic "artificial" methods. In my opinion, daylight design requires professional knowledge and sensitivity much beyond simple technical rules or restrictive tables. I believe, that daylight is a visual phenomenon "in motion", and cannot be fully captured and framed under scientifically provided guidelines. This Thesis will also research a vital architectural design issue, that "daylighting is not something one adds to building design -- it is implicit to every design decision." Through the method of this Church's architectural design process, I will explore the potentials and limitations of daylight and its qualities. I will also present how both light and architectural form can be used to strengthen the spatial experience. Finally, this Thesis will answer questions regarding the provision of light for the performance of visually related activities in the Church of John Paul II, including the Baptistery, Reading Room, and Auditorium. For most of us, Vision is the most powerful of our five senses and the main receptor of information, conditioning our memory and imagination. Sight (light, form and color) is the primary medium through which our surrounding is seen. Therefore, architecture receives its most powerful and true expression through the mediums, of sight as well as "form and daylight".
by Jaroslaw Gruzewski.
M.Arch.
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McGuire, Molly E. "A system for optimizing interior daylight distribution using reflective Venetian blinds with independent blind angle control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34487.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-96).
An operational algorithm for blind angle control is developed to optimize the daylighting performance of a system of reflective Venetian blinds. Numerical modeling and experiment confirm that independent control of alternating blinds yields adequate visual comfort and daylight distribution to a distance of 10 m from the window under most clear sunny and overcast sky types. Under overcast sky conditions, all blinds are set to a uniform angle which optimizes light redirection to 10 m. For cases of direct solar incidence, alternating blinds are used for shading and light redirection and adjusted with changing solar position. For low solar angles, a set of blind angle configurations is developed utilizing blind-blind reflections to maximize light penetration.
by Molly E. McGuire.
S.M.
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Milkeviciute, Agne. "Crisis of Window. Lost Purpose of Daylight Opening." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232458.
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This thesis concentrates on problematic field of architectural education and practice related to window role. Phenomena of window loosing it’s primary functional purpose [inside-outside connection in terms of view and daylight] and becoming more decorative element of the facade. This paper content consists of analysis of case studies by evaluating window provided light and view qualities using qualitative and quantitative methods in chosen office buildings. Analysis and results are followed by the discussion of window role oppositions between architect’s and user’s perspective together with secondary topics coming out of it. As the result of analysis and discussion - guidelines for window design are suggested and conclusive experiment of their customization is demonstrated. This thesis concentrates on awareness of window identity crisis as well as examine and provide simple manners, which can increase quality of daylight and view through the openings in architectural planning.
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Tukur, Rukayyatu Bashiru. "Harnessing daylight potentials as a tool for visual and thermal comfort in residential buildings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14326/.
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Architects have a responsibility to understand clearly, and sensibly plan housing units and ultimately the cities so as to achieve a sustainable whole. By so doing, these professionals cannot afford to neglect any aspect of the housing envelope, nor consider it in part or as a whole as un-important. It is for this purpose, that we look at the aspects of harnessing daylight through a variety of systems and methods so as to make best use of this free and in-exhaustible commodity for both visual and thermal comfort. The major question which this thesis attempted to answer was to find a means of improving visual and thermal comfort in our homes while at the same time reducing our fossil fuel emissions. It was to this end that attention was turned towards the earth‟s major source of energy and to see how best to harness this resource and put it to passive use in the best possible non-intrusive manner. This thesis as a whole, attempted to evaluate existing lighting and thermal devices with an aim to enhancing them as well as suggesting novel devices to replace the existing ones. This thesis reviewed and tested the performance of solar evacuators, optical rods known to have high transmittance, as well as light pipes to see their applicability in residential dwellings in terms of the provision and lighting and heating within the residential buildings. Studies were also done to determine the effect of the combination of two technologies on the same platform i.e. light-pipes combined with light rod, as well as light rods combined with solar evacuators to ascertain and enhance their viability. These tests were carried out in three ways, viz; laboratory tests, outdoor tests as well as field tests on existing real life applications on the singular technology in use as a base-line for assessing the new technologies. Further studies were also carried out with the introduction of nano-technology, i.e. aerogel, so as to test its suitability as an insulator of heat and to examine its economic viability and use in residential buildings. Aerogel was also tested as filler in double-paned glass window to determine its transmittability whilst still maintaining its properties of being a good insulator. Consequently, suggestions were made into the application of the investigated devices, and how best they can be used in new buildings and retro-fitted in existing ones.
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Liang, Runqi. "Development of an adaptive façade for visual comfort, daylight and thermal control element." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52111/.
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Thermochromic (TC) windows were developed as a passive building component to improve indoor comfort and building energy conservation in place of traditional clear glazing systems. TC materials enable a spectrum-dependent regulation of solar radiation through windows stimulated by heat. When the temperature is higher than its transition temperature, less solar radiation, primarily in the near infra-red (NIR), will be admitted inside the building, reducing over-heating on hot days. Meanwhile, the TC materials tint to bluish or brownish appearance along with the transition. Most research about the commonly studied Vanadium dioxide (VO2) based TC windows was focused on fabrication methods and properties improvement of VO2 based materials, and a few numbers of studies investigated their energy performance when applied in buildings. Therefore, this research conducted a thorough investigation of TC windows applied in buildings, covering characteristic of TC windows, energy efficient, daylighting performance, and human response affected by different types of TC windows. Both simulation and experimental methods were carried out to explore the potential of TC windows. That aim is to provide a detailed guidance for the development of TC materials that are more flexible and acceptable to use in a practical building. The comprehensive analysis mainly consists of four parts: 1) simulation work on the evaluation of TC windows on energy efficient and daylighting, also the window size effects under five typical climates; 2) further evaluation of the potential of developed TC windows with enhanced capability of adjusting visible and NIR transmittance individually or cooperatively; 3) experimental investigation of the research hypothesis that TC tinted window has no effect on the human visual performance and subjective sensation, in a test room cubicle with a low level of simulated daylit (100lux); 4) further experimental investigation to detect the acceptance range of tinting for different windows at an indoor comfort illuminance level (350 lux). Findings show that compared with reducing the transition temperatures, improving capability of adjusting visible or NIR transmittance is more effective to improve both daylighting and energy performance. TC windows are more energy efficient when applied in buildings with large glazing area under cooling dominated climates. However, dynamic reduction of visible transmittance is required to decrease the risk of visual discomfort caused by over daylighting, especially for cities with lower solar altitude. Under a dark illuminance, bronze tinted TC windows were preferred subjectively, however, subjects had better visual performance under blue tinted TC window conditions. Sustained attention (i.e., focus on an activity for a long period of time) was not affected by TC window conditions (i.e., with correlated colour temperature (CCT) ranging from 3300 to 11000K), but further tinted bronze window was subjectively considered to improve concentration. Therefore, adjustment of visible transmittance is highly recommended for warm tinted TC windows. Simulation and lab experiment might have some limitation on this study, further work is suggested by carrying out further validation and employing more samples.
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Rice, Edward Oren. "Daylight in façade renewal : using new metrics to inform the retrofitting of aging modern-ear façade types." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35496.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-78).
New methods for quantifying daylight are increasingly accessible to designers and planners. While these methods have enabled new building facades to better balance the admission of daylight with the maintenance of thermal control, they have generally not been applied to the existing building stock. This project uses these new methods of quantifying daylight to inform the renewal of aging facades on the MIT campus. The goal is to demonstrate how daylight analysis can inform the retrofitting process of prevalent modern-era facade types in need of renewal. The work shows how using these metrics in evaluating light access, facade type, and an array of retrofit measures in campus planning is helpful in understanding how intervention might enhance the use of daylight.
by Edward O. Rice.
S.M.
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Rahman, Farahbee. "Perception of spatial volume in daylight entering through devised openings." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276978.
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The thesis examines the impact of perceived brightness and contrast balance in relation to the spatial volume; physical volume transforming into a perceived volume in light. Two static viewpoints of 20th century’s museum architecture have been tested to observe qualitative features in daylight entering through architecturally devised openings. Anders Liljefors’s “7 parameters of light” based on visual-physical theory and James Gibson’s perception factors relating to our visual field help evaluate the perceived qualities. The thesis directs towards understanding relationship of brightness and contrast perception with the perceived color of space and spaciousness of the architectural volumes. Individual experiment with physical mock-up replicating the spatial volumes in contextual sun altitudes as well as visual representation of analyzing perceptual parameters have been documented and discussed. Also, methodology includes a collective evaluation surveying observers’ perception of “lighting features” and “spatial features” seeing the fish-eye images of the viewpoints as if looking into the physical mock-up. The comparative analysis in this research is an attempt to contemplate qualitative observation tool as an objective reference in relation to the subjective experience for architectural lighting design process. The investigation follows case studies of two exhibition spaces designed by architects - Carlo Scarpa and Louis Kahn addressing both diffuse skylight and direct sunlight entering through architecturally devised openings.
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Hårleman, Maud. "Daylight Influence on Colour Design : Empirical Study on Perceived Colour and Colour Experience Indoors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4395.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that one and the same interior colouring will appear different in rooms with windows facing north or facing south, but it is not known how natural daylight from these two compass points affects perceived colour and the ways in which colour is experienced. The objective is to describe the perceived colours to be expected in rooms with sunlight and diffused light, and thus develop a tool for colour design. Two empirical investigations provide the basis for six attached papers. The model is exploratory with a qualitative character. One hundred and ninety-one studies were carried out with 79 observers in full-scale rooms, with double-glazed transparent room windows facing north or south. The NCS colour sample collection and colour terminology were used, with three yellow, red, blue and green hues in two nuances: whitish 1010 and more chromatic 1030. The walls were painted in a total of 23 selected inherent colours with each colour observed in up to 10 studies. Colour matching was achieved using a colour reference box and results were analysed with the aid of the terms inherent colour and identity colour. The colour reference box was tested in a separate study to investigate any methodological problems. Room character was described using semantic differentials, and data was processed using the SPSS statistics program. Verbal description using own words was applied in a descriptive and reflecting method to find sensory differences and precise, yet ordinary descriptions. Colour differences between rooms were assessed using verbal description of hue and nuance, and a supplementary method with specified colour samples. Emotional impressions of colour and rooms were assessed using a method describing primary emotions and the results were compared with results from another study using small colour samples. The colouring that enhanced or neutralised room light situation was compared as regards emotional impression and thereafter compared with results from another study. Daylight from the different compass points caused a clear shift in hue and nuance. The perceived colour was consistently more chromatic and more blackish than the inherent colour used. Nuance 1010 shifted more in chromaticness than nuance, while 1030 instead increased most in chromaticness. Even minor colour differences resulted in major differences in colour experience. The north-facing room in yellowish colours shifted towards reduced yellowishness in both hue and chromaticness. Indications were that north-facing rooms in reddish blue become more reddish than south-facing rooms.QC 20100716
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Samant, Swinal R. "A parametric investigation of the influence of atrium facades on the daylight performance of atrium buildings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12303/.
Full textAbstract:
Atria have proliferated in a range of contemporary buildings and daylighting is perhaps their most valuable aspect. This thesis is an exploration of the effects of atrium facades on the daylight performance of an atrium and its adjoining spaces. It examines the effects of atrium wall surface reflectance distribution patterns, different surface types, and the location, size and proportion of fenestration and opaque areas in an atrium’s facade. The study seeks to provide knowledge that would be most useful at the early design stages of a project. The study uses Daylight Factor (DF) and Average Daylight Factor (ADF) to examine daylight levels in an atrium building. Chapters Two and Three develop an understanding of key daylighting concepts and consider specific daylight linked atrium parameters related to this study; atrium geometry and enclosing surfaces each of which is examined through an extensive literature review. Chapter Four demonstrates the effects of reflectance distributions and diffuse and specular surfaces on DFs across the atrium floor using physical scale models. Following this, in Chapter Five, the experiments are repeated using RADIANCE and results from the two methods are compared to establish their accuracies. ADF values, calculated using Littlefair’s (2002) algorithm, are also compared with those obtained from physical scale model and RADIANCE. Chapter Six establishes the range of atrium well indices in which surface reflectance distributions affect DFs. This then informs the experiments of Chapter Seven which ascertain the influence of different facade compositions (with variable and even fenestration from the atrium roof to its floor) on daylight availability in atrium buildings. To contextualise work undertaken in this thesis, the research findings are compared with data from real buildings. Finally, specific conclusions with regards to the effects of atrium facades on daylighting in atrium buildings are drawn before more wide-reaching inferences are made.
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Roth, Carsten U. "Natural light in architectural space." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91067.
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Light in nature is a unique element affecting man completely. The nature of daylight as well as its meanings are examined, to show that both stages decisively determine the application of light within architecture and, moreover, that man still remains capable of controlling that which affects him and generates meanings for him.
Unveiling the unconscious, conscious, and applied relations between man and light as inseparable stages, demonstrates how the human can achieve unification with architecture by virtue of light.
Light and man meet in space. It is architectural space that provides the only control over natural light and allows light to act upon man in striking perfection. Consequently, inquiring into light will improve the definition of architectural space. Beyond being a mere three-dimensional void or simply the object of imaginations, concepts, intentions, etc., architectural space becomes a new dimension.M. Arch.
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Srinivasan, Barani Dharan. "Why do considerable number of Swedish workplaces lack daylight? Effects of obstruction angles in achieving required daylight in Swedish workplaces." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280023.
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Contribution of daylight to employees in terms of health, productivity, and overall wellness in the office spaces are undeniable. Apart from the psychological and biological benefits of employees, embracing daylight in office spaces increases the energy-efficiency of the building which leads to the sustainable development of a city. However, a considerable number of employees in Sweden lack daylight in their workspaces according to a report by the Swedish Work Environment Authority [Arbetsmiljöverket (Swedish)] (Lowden, 2019). Professionals like Architects, Lighting Designers, and students of architecture and lighting design across Sweden were asked their opinions pertaining to lack of daylight in a considerable number of office spaces in Sweden based on their experience through online questionnaires/ interviews to get to know the overview of this subject. Out of all the possible reasons, window design and economy were the two macro factors according to them that influenced daylight in an office building in Sweden but often, obstruction angle in a building due to urban densification is overlooked when it comes to daylight in an office building. This thesis discusses the influence of obstruction angles with an illustrated office building in Stockholm. Diva for Rhino was the software used for the modelling and daylight simulation.
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Navidi, Parisa. "Inspiration By Nature: Biomimetic Research Informs Adaptable Building Skin System for Natural Ventilation and Daylight in Hot Dry Climate (Yazd, Iran)." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1158.
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Many plant species, including Barrel Cacti, have developed long-term evolutionary adaptable traits to survive in extreme climates. The most important trait of cacti in extreme hot dry climates is to reduce water evaporation and increase water storage. The exterior skin of a cactus plays an important role in preventing water evaporation through heat transmission.
On the other hand, there have been many passive design strategies applied to the space planning and building design of architecture in hot dry climates. The goal of these passive design strategies is to regulate the penetration of heat into building spaces while creating a strong ventilation system to help bring cool air inside the building.
In this paper, adaptations of the Barrel Cactus' exterior skin, along with architectural passive design strategies for hot dry climates (in this caseYazd, Iran) will be discussed and integrated with one another through the concept of Biomimicry. The goal is to design an exterior building skin that is attuned to the environmental conditions of a hot dry climate, based on the successful applicable behaviors demonstrated in the Barrel Cactus. Key architectural features such as natural ventilation and daylight will be informed by the evolutionary cacti adaptations and passive architectural strategies in the design of the building skin in order to increase the possibility of consistent comfort for users of an office building.
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Sun, Yanyi. "Glazing system with transparent insulation material for building energy saving and daylight comfort." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39864/.
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Concerns over sustainability in the built environment have resulted in continuous efforts to improve the performance of window system or glazed façade and hence indoor comfort and building energy conservation. An innovative façade system where parallel transparent/translucent plastic slats are sandwiched between glass panes to form a Parallel Slat Transparent Insulation Material (PS-TIM) is proposed as a strategy to effectively reduce heat transfer between the panes of a double glazed window, while maintaining access to daylight. A holistic investigation of the window system with PS- TIMs is conducted in terms of thermal and optical properties, as well as detailed daylight and energy performance predictions of applying PS-TIMs in buildings. Firstly, an experimental investigation is undertaken in a large climate chamber, and the measurement results were used to validate a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Secondly, the validated 2D CFD model is used to solve the dynamic thermal properties of different configurations of PS-TIMs under various environmental conditions. The optical properties (i.e. Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF)) of PS-TIMs are obtained via a ray-tracing technique based on the structures’ geometries and the material optical characteristics of the interstitial structure. The detailed annual daylight performance in different climates and building orientations are predicted using RADIANCE. Finally, the optical and thermal properties obtained from the previous fundamental models are applied in EnergyPlus to predict the energy performance (i.e. heating, cooling and lighting energy consumption) of applying PS-TIMs in buildings in different climates. The investigation results provide a better understanding of the benefits of PS-TIM in terms of energy saving and daylight comfort improvement, as well as offer some tentative suggestions as to how architects and engineers might apply PS-TIM to window system or glazed façade.
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Denan, Zuraini. "Assessment of window and lighting design in office buildings under daylight condition of a hot-humid climate, Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55368/.
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The study explores the potential use of daylight in the office environment in a hot-humid climate of Malaysia, thus, to reduce the dependency on electric lighting and to create the potential for a more pleasing daylit environment. The thesis has investigated glare, seating orientations, window design, preference of lighting, lighting and visual comfort regulation, visual comfort and visual performance and computer simulation on glare in Malaysian offices. It has developed tools for assessing the visual environment in offices (in the field), focusing on the Malaysian conditions of daylight in office design. Specifically, it has investigated the current window and lighting application in office buildings through office workers' assessment using a questionnaire survey. It has assessed the current window and lighting application in office buildings based on field measurements. It has assessed visual and lighting condition and visual task performance using a Landolt Ring chart under a daylit office environment. Finally, it has analysed glare of a daylit office using computer simulation, Radiance. The major findings of the thesis show that a daylit office can be successfully used to provide an acceptable visual environment and reduce electric lighting within. However, there are some qualifications to this conclusion. Firstly, it has been found that daylight should be controlled either using timed glazing or shading devices. Secondly, the acceptable of a daylit environment depends on a certain extent on seating positions relative to windows. Interestingly, the best rated seating position reported by subjects is the least productive for visual task performance. Finally, it appears that glare calculation used in the advanced computer program is not suitable to calculate glare for Malaysian daylight condition. The western guidelines for visual comfort can be applied as general guidelines, with caution that Malaysian daylit conditions are expected to include a wider range of daylight levels
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Charles, Curtis B. "The use of daylight in the design of a controlled environment for food production in the Caribbean and other equatorial climates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34306.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, June 1989: The use of daylighting in the design of a controlled environment for food reduction in the Caribbean and other equatorial climates.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-224).
This thesis addresses the use of daylight in the design of a controlled environment for food production in the Caribbean and other Equatorial climates. An expanding population has put a tremendous burden on the food production industry in these climates. The increasing population in these climates means that existing fertile land is being taken-over for housing and infrastructure. Furthermore, the fishing industry is also a victim of over-fishing due to a need for alternative foods. This design proposes a technological solution to this social problem. Presented is one answer to improve the fishing industry, through a controlled environment for intensive aquaculture production. To improve crop production due to depleting fertile land and flooding, this thesis proposes hydroponic cultures in multi-stories. In addition, the success of this farming complex is dependent on appropriate research by staffed scientists, seeking to continually improve the end products of this facility. Within this ecosystem, far greater yields will be attained than traditional forms of agriculture, and, aquaculture. The challenge here is to present the most economic solution. As a result, the design of this facility is based on a three-level hydroponic (crops growing in a nutrient solution) facility, a fish hatchery, indoor fish ponds, and, research laboratories within the aquaculture and hydroponic facilities. This thesis presents two design solutions :one on land, that addresses the issues of flooding and a depletion of available fertile land, and one at sea, that addresses a time in which the population has grown to such a degree that food production at sea becomes an economic reality. There are many ways to introduce natural daylight into this proposed farming complex. Intensive research has indicated that these methods can often range from the very simplistic to the very intricate, as displayed in new emerging technologies such as the Himawari system developed by La Foret Engineering, of Japan. However, the following are techniques that will be applied in this thesis to bring daylight into the buildings of this proposed farming complex : 1. Optical lighting Himawari system); 2. Perimeter lighting; 3. Reflective lighting; 4. Top/Core lighting. Research has indicated that even during the rainy season (July to December)- in some of these equatorial climates there is adequate available diffused sunlight to reach the crops and aquatic life within this proposed controlled environment. This thesis also addresses the energy and cooling load requirements that result from the use of daylighting. Once again the most economic design is presented in this case study. However, the resulting economic solution ( to meet the cooling loads ) that is presented for the proposed site in Trinidad, may not be the most desirable solution for other equatorial climates. Consequently, wind energy, solar energy, co-generation, and traditional electricity, are all analyzed.
by Curtis B. Charles.
M.S.
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Johansson, Maria. "Natural Light, Space and Perception." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280168.
Full textAbstract:
This is a research-based project investigating the relation between natural light, space and perception. It is in the format of a book with eight parts based on the observation and analysis of physical models. The spaces created in this book are divided in three parts, general daylight solutions, perceptual light-spaces and purposeful light-spaces. The first part consists of 19 spaces transferred from drawings found in Sunlighting as Formiver for Architecture by William M.C. Lam. The second part contains ten spaces based on perception and in the third part the focus in of function, which is generally divided into more general purposes of 13 models. The analysis I am using is a combination Light-zone(s) described by Merete Madsens and the Visual Terms and Seven Basic Terms by Anders Liljefors, which is a way to analyse perception. Following is an analysis of possible functions and daylight variability, which are then concluded. The spaces and findings are compared and summarised in order to find general strategies for the use of daylight in architecture. This book is meant to be used as a learning tool, a handbook and/or a basis for further investigation of the relation between natural light, space and perception.
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Widder, James. "Walking on daylight : the application of translucent floor systems as a means of achieving natural daylighting in mid and low rise architecture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78790.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis is concerned with the introduction of quality daylight to buildings by means of translucency in the horizontal planes or floors within the building. Since people began to build, the concept of translucency in the vertical planes. the walls of a building, has served as the basis for continual invention in structural systems and the translucent component or window itself. This thesis pursues the application of translucent floor systems as an alternative or additional means of achieving daylighting in this same vein. This thesis begins by tracing and elaborating on the early historical precedence for this application. It then proceeds to explore the properties of the various types of daylight admitted through horizontal openings and its behavior in relationship to the properties of the translucent floor construction. Through a series of physical daylight modeling techniques. basic relationships are established between the parameters of the translucent floor system and the resultant quality and quantity of daylight in the building. The basic structural systems employed in this technology are investigated and evaluated with respect to translucency of the system. The compatibility of floor translucency to various programmatic and organizational characteristics of the building is assessed. This thesis concludes by demonstrating the application of the translucent floor system to achieving daylighting in three prototypical architectural projects covering a diverse range of building types.
by James Widder.
M.S.
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Nazari, Marzieh. "Glare, Daylight and View:“Exploratory study of the effect of patterns on glare and view in an indoor environment.”." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280077.
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The dilemma of keeping the daylight quality and view to the outside or protecting our eyes from disturbing glare by covering the window is a moment that probably everyone has experienced in their life. Having access to daylight and enjoying the view to the outside when there is not visual comfort has been a problematic issue related to the window in space. Shading devices are designed in different shapes and forms to control glare and also energy consumption inside the space. Using shading covers part of the window and it affects the light quality and view to the outside and can change our perception from architectural space.In this thesis, the main question is how can we protect the indoor space from discomfort glare without covering the whole part of the window by curtain, blinds or shading devices in order to keep daylight quality and view to the outside.Glare is a phenomenon that is related to the viewpoint of observers and in order to study the glare metrics, the data from 140 viewpoints of the observer in 20 different locations in one simulated room were analyzed based on three main factors:1- Glare Metrics2- Light Quality3- ViewThe 20 selected patterns were simulated in [Rhino /Grasshopper/ Diva] software to analyze the glare and daylight metrics in Solstices and Equinoxes. Also, in order to define a parameter for view, one questionnaire was used and the responses from 40 participants were collected and all of the data were evaluated by mathematics and statistics methods.The final aim of the study is to introduce some simple principles for patterns of shadings to provide better-daylit environment and view to the outside with most visual comfort conditions for the user inside the space.
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Çelik, Selen. "Living withlow intensity and warm light:Designing light in living roomsthrough Nordic daylight qualities." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280063.
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This thesis concentrates on lighting preferencesin living rooms concerning Nordic lightqualities in winter. Living rooms are spaceswhere we relax, communicate, eat, gather andread. Lighting in living rooms gives hints aboutour perception and character.Nordic countries, there is something uniquethan others; use of light and daylight sensiblyand wisely. In the Nordic countries, where thelight and darkness change dramatically betweenthe seasons, the transitions have a specialsignificance. Higher the latitude, twilight hoursare getting longer, and it creates a homogeneoustransition between daylight and night.The thesis consists of literature research andsurvey. Literature research concerning the topicbriefly explains different aspects of the color oflight, its effects on performance, basic lightingsolutions and Nordic daylight qualities in winter.Furthermore, the culture of window lightingand use of daylight as a background are studiedand added to the survey in order to understandthe relation between indoor and outdoor lightqualities from the participants’ perspective.The survey with twenty-one questions andseventy-two participants tries to evaluatehow Nordic light affects people’s preferences.Evaluation and results followed by thediscussion of desired color temperature, lightinglevel, comfortability under Nordic daylight inwinter. Additionally, paintings from differentseasons help me to understand awareness oflocal daylight and attention of participants.Results show us that the attention people giveto the desired light intensity and colors aremore related to the people’s interests than totheir background, profession and length ofstay in Stockholm. It would be interesting toinvestigate this topic with more people who livein Stockholm more than five years.The concentration of the thesis is understandinghow local daylight conditions can affect people’slighting preferences in their living room.Results will help us to implement the knowledgeand collected information into the lightingdesign process in living rooms in Nordic countries.
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Torgersrud, Cody. "Light and Privacy, A proposal towards a testing and education standard." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280040.
Full textAbstract:
The transformation of the architects’ vision to architectural form is a lengthy process. From initial sketch to day-to-day life, a design is transformed through the reality of occupation. No matter how much effort is put into a design its final effectiveness is determined by the end user. The access to ample daylight balanced with an adequate sense of visual privacy within ones one home is not often accounted for within the planning process. With current legislation making access to daylight a right within many developed countries, guaranteeing that access within the dense urban environment can mean putting resident’s privacy into question when planning to meet these daylight requirements. Failing to consider the privacy needs of all residents, especially immigrant groups, can lead to privacy driven modifications counterproductive to the overall goal of increasing access to daylight. Resident modifications can, in turn, lead to reductions of daylight levels within the home. There is a need for a system of analysis when it comes to the balance of access to daylight and adequate visual privacy, connecting the critical impacts of these factors on the human physiology and psychology. This proposal puts forward a system to analyze the relationship between the effective light transmission and the perceived visual privacy provided by a given visual privacy solution. The study is based off the analysis of current research regarding the effect of daylight on the human body, the importance of privacy within the home, the impact of cultural background on perception of privacy, and the impact of changing urban density on how people live. The research proposes a system of measurement taking into consideration both the quantitative effective daylight transmittance and a systematic qualitative analysis of perceived visual privacy through participant survey. The data collected would eventually be combined in a way that could be easily communicated to architects, designers, manufacturers and most importantly the end user. This system would be used to ensure that residents are able to effectively balance the level of privacy they require while mitigating the loss of daylight within their homes helping to insure the most benefits for the resident regardless of what home they find themselves in.
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Yu, Xu. "Investigation of a novel multifunctional roof panel for hybrid photovoltaic/thermal/daylight application in atrium and large green house." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30595/.
Full textAbstract:
Daylight is an energy efficient solution for illumination and visual comfort in buildings. However, successful daylight design requires effective daylight control technology to eliminate the negative impact such as overheating, unbalanced indoor daylight distribution and glare. With this mind, the current thesis presents a novel multifunctional roof panel which might be applied in atrium and large green house. The working principle of the panel is based on the non-imaging low-concentration solar collector: dielectric Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC). Detailed study on the dielectric CPC has found that there would be some light escaping from side wall of CPC when the incident light is beyond CPC acceptance angle, which could actually be used for indoor daylight provision; while the incident light concentrated on the base of CPC could be used for concentrating PV application. Thus a dielectric CPC panel which consists of several trough dielectric CPC rods is designed and manufactured, its function of hybrid PV/Daylight is investigated through PHOTOPIA simulation and outdoor testing, both simulated and measured results showed that under sunny condition, only 10-15% of light could be transmitted through the panel in cooling season, and the rest of the light is used for concentrating PV application; while light transmittance of about 40-60% is achievable in winter period, when daylight is desired. Additionally, constant light transmittance of about 40% is achievable under overcast sky. The above figures could verify the seasonal daylight control ability of the panel. On the other hand, for the designed panel, the rejected heat on PV could still flow into the building. As a result, a PV/Thermal system is designed to remove the rejected heat on PV cell and reutilize it for thermal application such as food drying. The design parameter such as approach velocity, pitch distance, and perforation porosity are numerically investigated by CFD simulation. The prototype of the system is built and measured under solar simulator and real sky. Both simulated and measurement results showed that the heat recovery efficiency could be 40-80% depending on different geometries and approach velocities; and little amount of rejected heat could transfer from the PV cell to the building interior. The hybrid PV/Thermal application seems to be achievable. Lastly, the energy and economic performance for the EW-orientated dielectric CPC panel is investigated using new proposed concept of “inner south projection angle” and its correlation with the CPC optical performance, the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus and its weather data are also employed. An example case on an educational building with a central atrium in Nottingham shows that: compared to the conventional double glazing window, there is 55% increase in useful daylight illuminance (500-2000lux) percentage; 81.5% reduction in window solar heat gain in cooling season and only 10.78% reduction in window solar heat gain in heating season; there is also a power generation of 290.65W/m2 from PV cells; and the estimated payback period is less than 5 years. Therefore, the proposed multifunctional roof panel for PV/Thermal/Daylight application could comprehensively utilise the solar energy and provide comfort thermal and visual indoor environment.
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Beyers, Lew Morris. "Daylight in architecture : the application of daylighting principles in the formulation of sacred space : a "one-volume" library for Leonardo da Vinci's Codex." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1237765.
Full textAbstract:
"Light, whose beauty within darkness is as jewels that one might cup in one's hands; light that hollowing out darkness and piercing our bodies, blows life into `space"'.'Tadao AndoThis thesis book documents the process and procedure of a two-year study of how daylight can be manipulated by design to enhance and elevate the experiential qualities of sacred space and then applies those characteristics to the design of an architectural thesis project.The exploration involved two major points of focus: one was the exploration to identify the principle qualities and characteristics of natural light and the other, to apply those principles of light into built form.This paper is presented in five processes: an introduction, three types of reflection, and a conclusion. Process I, presents the theoretical underpinning on the subject of light and identifies the key qualities and characteristics of light and the daylighting principles applied by Louis I. Kahn and Tadao Ando in the formulation of sacred space. Process II, presents the articulation of the necessary criteria to design a sacred space. Process III, applies the daylighting strategies to the design of a "one-volume" library for displaying Leonardo da Vinci's Codex. Process IV, presents an alternate scenario and an explanation of architecture as meaning. Process V, summerizes the meaning of the architecture and experience of the Library. 'Ando, Tadao, Complete Works, Phaidon Press Limited, London, (1997).Department of Architecture
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Holmström, Andreas, and Sandra Fyhr. "Rumsutformningens inverkan på dagsljuset i kontorslokaler." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Belysningslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-34901.
Full textAbstract:
Public buildings are considered to be the most power consuming buildings in the world. To reduce power consumption earlier studies propose greater use of natural daylight to illuminate surroundings, hallways and areas where to preform common work tasks and where artificial lighting is only used for the actual work space and places where higher light levels are required. In office buildings with available daylight, it has been shown that people have a greater general well-being, improved health, reduced absenteeism and increased productivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate how different room configurations can increase the amount of daylight in offices. The essay is based on an experimental study in the form of a questionnaire in which participants have evaluated and documented their perceptions of the visual properties regarding daylight. The evaluation has been carried out with scale models of different room configurations, but with the same window size and window positions. The results show that a room configuration with embrasures provides the most effective daylight harvesting. Embrasures contribute with maximum visibility, brightness and provide maximum light scattering. Room configurations with rounded corners have proven to give the most even light ratio between the light and dark areas of a room where the light is also spread most evenly along the walls. According to an evaluation of the visual properties of daylight, a room with rounded corners is perceived to be the most comfortable room and provide the softest and gentlest light impression. The study is limited to evaluate the amount of daylight and the visual properties of daylight in large office spaces designed based on energy-efficient passive houses with thick facade walls.Offentliga byggnader räknas som de byggnader som har störst energianvändning i världen. För att sänka energianvändningen föreslås ökad användning av dagsljus för att lysa upp omgivning, korridorer och platser för allmänna arbetsuppgifter och där den artificiella belysningen endast används vid arbetsytor och platser där högre ljusnivå krävs. I kontorsbyggnader med tillgängligt dagsljusinsläpp har det också visats att människor har ett ökat allmänt välbefinnande, bättre hälsa, minskad frånvaro och ökad produktivitet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur olika rumsutformningar kan bidra till ökat tillvaratagande av dagsljus i kontorslokaler. Undersökningen bygger på en experimentell studie i form av en enkätundersökning där testpersoner har utvärderat och dokumenterat sina uppfattningar kring dagsljusets visuella egenskaper. Utvärderingen har genomförts i skalmodeller med olika rumsutformningar men samma fönstermått och fönsterplacering. Resultaten har visat att rumsutformningar med fönstersmygar ger det mest effektiva dagsljusinsläppet i en kontorslokal. Smygar bidrar med högst synbarhet, ljushet och uppfattas ge mest ljusspridning. Rumsutformningar med rundade hörn har enligt dagsljusmätningar visat ge jämnast ljusförhållande mellan de ljusa och mörka delarna av ett rum där ljuset också sprids jämnast efter väggarna. Enligt en utvärdering av dagsljusets visuella egenskaper anses ett rum med runda hörn mest behaglig att vistas i samt ger det mjukaste och mildaste ljusintrycket. Undersökningen är avgränsad till att utvärdera dagsljusmängd och dagsljusets visuella egenskaper i stora kontorslokaler utformade enligt krav för energieffektiva passivhus med djupa fasadväggar.
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Alcala, Beito Jimenez. "Environmental aspect of Hispano-Islamic architecture : an approach to the daylight and summer thermal performance of Muslim buildings in Spain." Thesis, University of London, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516564.
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Badr, Sherouk Tarek. "Light Memory, as a Design Tool : Is there are common light memories for users that share the same specifics of the cultureassociated to the availability of daylight? How could this specific visual light memory be used as a design tool to recreate a similaremotional experience for users?" Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229744.
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“Light memories” are visual episodic memories of a lighting composition that transcendedan emotional response. The study considers the memories and how they could be a wayto integrate users in the design process. Both designs and memories are considered twosubjective elements, for both designers and users. The purpose of the thesis is to firstly testif there are common light memories for users that share the same specifics of the cultureassociated to the availability of daylight and secondly to explore the possibility of creatinga design method to incorporate this light memory as a design tool, to recreate the similaremotional response of the memory in a newly designed setting. Two street typologies in Egypt were chosen to be the visual memories to be assessed. Apersonal daylight analysis was conducted to understand the designer’s perspective. And avirtual reality experiment was conducted along with descriptive questionnaire to understandthe emotional response of users to these streets. A comparison of the designer and usersresults helped in the creation of a scheme for design. The proposed method suggests theusage of perceptual tools such as the light distribution and contrast ratios and proposesthe analysis of the memory in terms of scales. The method is applied in the creation of twoexperiential models that abstract the essence of the light memories and puts them intoquestion for subjects to evaluate. The emotional response of users is recorded to evaluatethe method application. Based on the tests it was found that the existing of a common memory is possible. Theevaluation of the specific street memory through the experiential model results show that ahigh percentage among the users sharing the same daylight culture recognized the streets.Although most users had the same emotional responses to the models, but the agreementon the emotional percentage amongst them was lower than the recognition results.This indicates that the memory could be integrated into the design process but wouldn’tnecessarily have the same emotional impact on users. Having a strict design methodology isdifficult to implement yet could be an eye opener for ways to use the light memories.
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Ciampini, Flavia. "Sistemas inovadores de iluminação natural : estudo de seu desempenho sob condições de ceu real em Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258753.
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Orientador: Paulo Sergio ScarazzatoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A importância desta pesquisa reside na avaliação quantitativa de diferentes dispositivos de iluminação natural, disponíveis no mercado internacional, mediante a aquisição das iluminâncias obtidas através de ensaios em protótipos. Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de verificar se a aplicação destes sistemas, restritos a sistemas de iluminação lateral, no território nacional trariam de fato alguma vantagem para as edificações, no sentido de otimizar a iluminação natural obtida em ambientes profundos, em território brasileiro. As medições foram realizadas sob condição de céu real na cidade de Campinas, SP. A dissertação é composta por três etapas. A primeira, traz uma revisão dos princípios básicos necessários para o estudo das tecnologias utilizadas. Em seguida são apresentados alguns dispositivos de iluminação natural no cenário internacional, identificando suas características e os princípios físicos que determinam seu funcionamento. Na segunda etapa, mediante utilização de planilhas eletrônicas, determinou-se, para cada painel, a posição e o desenho mais adequados à latitude de Campinas para fachada norte. De acordo com estas especificações foram solicitados, no exterior, os painéis aos fabricantes. Na terceira fase, com um sistema de medição de iluminâncias, criado especialmente para esta tarefa, foram registradas as iluminâncias obtidas no interior de quatro protótipos, construídos na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) utilizando-se os 12 diferentes painéis doados por universidades e empresas estrangeiras. Os painéis de iluminação natural foram acoplados à abertura dos protótipos, localizada na fachada norte. As iluminâncias obtidas com cada painel foram registradas de 8:00 as 18:00, de março a julho. Para que todos os painéis fossem medidos com condições de sol semelhantes foi realizado um rodízio de forma que a cada quatro dias todos os painéis foram acoplados aos protótipos e suas iluminâncias medidas ao longo do dia. Os dados são tratados de forma a obter valores médios mensais das iluminâncias, em função da profundidade do ambiente, onde foram realizadas as medições para dias claros, encobertos e parcialmente encobertos. A partir da comparação dos dados obtidos experimentalmente procurou-se estabelecer quais dos dispositivos estudados, iluminam o ambiente de forma otimizada em relação a um vidro comum de 3mm, criando uma iluminação mais homogênea ou conseguindo iluminâncias maiores no fundo do ambiente. O estudo mostrou que todos os dispositivos poderiam facilmente ser adaptados ao clima luminoso de Campinas, para fachada norte, no entanto cada um destes dispositivos tem as suas limitações e vantagens. Por fim uma solução ótima para alcançar um aproveitamento otimizado da luz natural dentro dos espaços, de acordo com os dispositivos estudados é sugerido na conclusão do trabalho
Abstract: The importance of this research relies on the quantitative evaluation of different daylighting devices, available in the international market, by means of acquiring the iIIuminance through models. This work was accomplished with objective of verifying the application of these systems, restricted to lateral iIIumination in national territory, if they would bring in fact some advantage for buildings, in the sense of optimizing the daylighting obtained in deep rooms, in Brazilian territory. The measurement has been made under real sky condition in the city of Campinas, SP. This thesis is composed of three stages. The first, brings a revision of the basic principies necessary for the study of the technologies used. Soon afterwards these daylighting devices in the international scene are presented, identifying their characteristics and the physical principies that determine its operation. In the second stage, by use of electronic spreadsheets, it was determined for each panel, the position and the most appropriate drawing for the latitude of Campinas for a North façade. In agreement with these specifications the panels were requested abroad from their manufacturers. In the third phase, with an iIIuminance measurement system, especially created for this task, the iIIuminance inside four prototypes were acquired, built in the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), using the 12 different panels donated by universities and foreign companies. The daylinghting panels were coupled to the opening of the prototypes, located in the north façade. The illuminance obtained with each of these panels was registered from 8:00 to 18:00, from March to July. So that all of the panels were measured with the similar sun conditions so that every four days all of the panels were coupled to the prototypes and their iIIuminance measured during the day. The data are treated to get monthly average values of the illuminances, as a function of the depth of the environment, where the measurements were accomplished for clear, partially cloudy and cloudy days. From the comparison of these data we establish which of the studied devices can achieve a better performance if compared with a standard clear glass panel, and which can obtain a homogeneous iIIumination or greater iIIuminances along the deep of the room. The study showed that all the devices could easily be adapted to the luminous climate of Campinas, for the north façade, however each one of these devices has their limitations and advantages. Finally a new solution is suggested to reach an optimized exploitation of daylight in interior spaces, in agreement with the results obtained in the conclusion of this work
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Mattsson, Nicodemus. "Sun Tunnel." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241474.
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This thesis project aims to repurpose an abandoned railway tunnel in Eriksdalslunden, Stockholm into an experimental activity/farming center for the purpose of teaching people of all ages different farming methods. The learning center implements exciting farming techniques such as aquaponics, where plants get their nutrients from live fish. This center also teaches about the new technologies that make it possible to grow plants beneath the earth´s surface. These technologies harness the benefits of the sun into a concentrated form and then leads it deep underground. Repurposing unused underground spaces such as this can help develop our cities in a more efficient way.Detta avhandlingsprojekt syftar till att omarbeta enövergiven järnvägstunnel i Eriksdalslunden,Stockholm till en experimentell verksamhet / jordbrukscentrum för att undervisa människor i alla åldrar olika odlingsmetoder. Inlärningscentralen implementerar spännande odlingstekniker som aquaponics, där växter får sinanäringsämnen från levande fisk.Detta centrum lär också om den nya tekniken som gör det möjligt att växa växter under jordens yta. Dessa tekniker utnyttjar solens fördelar i en koncentrerad form och leder sedan den djupt under jorden. Repurposing oanvända underjordiska utrymmen som detta kan hjälpa till att utveckla våra städer på ett mer effektivt sätt.
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Manninen, Mateus. "The Roles of Light: Artificial Light as a Resource in Public Art." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289198.
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In this paper, I will explore the role of artificial light in public art through a case study project. With the word role, I mean the visual and conceptual hierarchy of materials and resources in artwork. Light is a significant resource in public art. The artwork needs highlighting, especially in Northern countries where the winter’s darkness is inevitable. Light is not only a highlighter, it also tells a story of its own.
First, I’m going to open up the concepts of public space, public art, light in public art and light art, to place the study in context. The literature review in the first part of the study allows better insight into the relation of light, public art, and light art.
The second part introduces the selected case study project, which is a concept design of a landscape artwork competition, for Tramway art in Tampere, Finland. Richard Kelly’s perceptual theory will be used to discuss the observations from the case study. Kelly’s theory consists of three fundamental elements of visual design: ambient luminescence, focal glow and play of brilliants.
The researcher’s subjective experience in the case study discusses with the documentations and observations of the project, to explore the circumstances and to examine the boundary conditions of the case study project.
The role of artificial light in public art can be functional and make the space visible; it can be a highlighter and drag the focus into the artwork; or it can be the artwork itself. With the findings of the case study, I will divide the roles of artificial light in public art in functional, supporting and leading.
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Salazar, Del Pozo Andres. "The impact of solar geometry on architectural strategies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82200.
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Designing architecture is related to producing vast amounts of information based on constraints, experience or common sense, and at the same time, those designs are assisted by specialized software, but, are the results of those processes giving you advantage or are they leading you in the wrong way? For example, should you include shading elements or less glazing? Should you change the shape of the building or improve envelope specifications? This research is a start to understand how to approach to design problems related to solar geometry, recognize which variables are worth modifying, reduce potential of error when iterating, and take truly advantage of the output delivered by modeling tools.Master of Architecture
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Angelucci, Ornella Maria Castelnuovo. "Arquitetura e luz: o átrio (ex-pátio)." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/293.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-28This study examines the atrium space as part of non-residential buildings for their potential to provide natural light in hot-humid climates. The proposed reading scheme investigates the possibilities of the architect's decisions in relation to its lobby, as well as the use of adjacent elements to forward them to the conditions of each project. A historical summary of the use of such compositional elements in the architecture shows its use for design purpose, climatic and environmental comfort, being performed a review of the design specification for buildings in tropical climates. To study the qualitative aspects of the merger of the atrium throughout the building, it will be taken cases where the central void is markedly expressed.
Este trabalho analisa o átrio como espaço integrante de edificações não residenciais quanto ao seu potencial em fornecer luz do dia. A leitura proposta e os esquemas aqui apresentados investigam as possibilidades de decisões do arquiteto em relação ao espaço do átrio frente às condições de cada projeto. Um resumo histórico da utilização de tais elementos compositivos na arquitetura evidencia seu uso por propósitos projetuais, climáticas e de qualidade ambiental. Para estudo dos aspectos qualitativos da incorporação do átrio no conjunto da edificação serão tomados casos cujo vazio central se expressa marcadamente.
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Nyström, Stefan, and Sipan Shahwan. "Optimering av Högskolebibliotek." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236075.
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Det akademiska biblioteket utgör en viktig del av studentens studietid som en tillhandahållare av vetenskaplig litteratur. De senaste decenniernas digitalisering har förändrat biblioteket i grunden. I takt med att mer tryckt material övergår i elektronisk form i databaser blir beroendet av fysiska medier mindre. Intresset för uppgiften har sin förankring i att balansera detta förhållande genom en lukrativ gestaltning av det fysiska studierummet. Det skall vara en plats som bidrar till att studenter känner sig såväl avslappnade som motiverade för att fullfölja sina skoluppgifter. En implementering av detta gjordes i form av ett ombyggnadsförslag för utbildningen Byggteknik & Designs befintliga lokaler på Kungliga Teknisk Högskolan. I samband med utredningen om hur dagens akademiska bibliotek ser ut besöktes ett antal sådana i Stockholmsområdet med intervjuer bland personal. Vid studiebesöken undersöktes principiella frågor som rör studiemiljön, ombyggnader och studenters beteendemönster. Sådan information tillät oss att identifiera vissa av biblioteksmiljöns problemområden, för att därefter kunna lösa dessa. Med användning av gällande riktlinjer och standarder utarbetades en arbetsmiljö som ger rätt förutsättningar för aktivitetsbaserade studier. Det gäller exempelvis noggrann planering av artificiell ljussättning. Likaså var förhållning till naturligt ljus viktig, och genom Svensk standardkrav för dagsljusinsläpp kunde dess inverkan på bibliotekslokalen kontrolleras. Detta är exempel på arbetet med att utnyttja och förbättra lokalens egenskaper ur ett arkitektoniskt perspektiv.The academic library is an important aspect of a students education as it contributes to providing scientific literature. Contemporary society has led to the digitalisation of educational media. Consequently, libraries are becoming more reliant upon the usage of electronic databases as opposed to the usage of printed materials. The interest in the task is rooted in our desire to create an environment where students feel both relaxed and motivated to carry out educational tasks. An implementation of this was done in the form of a rebuilding proposal for the Building Engineering and Design existing facilities of Royal Institute of Technology. Our investigation consisted of conducting interviews with staff members from a variety of academic libraries in Stockholm area to gain a useful insight upon the concerns and fundamental issues which many of these members have. Such information allowed us to identify problems in regards to library settings and thereafter overcome it. Using current guidelines and standards, a work environment was developed that provides the right conditions for activity-based studies. This applies, for example, to careful planning of artificial light. The relation to natural light was also important, and by Swedish standard requirements for daylight emitting, its influence on the library room could be controlled. Thus we see an example of utilizing and improving the characteristics of the facility from an architectural perspective.