Relevant bibliographies by topics / Daylight linked control systems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Daylight linked control systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Daylight linked control systems"

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Bellia, Laura, Francesca Fragliasso, and Gennaro Riccio. "Daylight fluctuations effect on the functioning of different daylight-linked control systems." Building and Environment 135 (May 2018): 162–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.008.

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Escuyer, S., and M. Fontoynont. "Lighting controls: a field study of office workers’ reactions." Lighting Research & Technology 33, no. 2 (June 2001): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136578280103300202.

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This paper reports a qualitative study of the acceptability of lighting control systems by 41 French office workers, in three sites with dimmable lighting, respectively with manual, semi-manual, and automatic control. The analysis of the results aimed to determine the characteristics of an ideal lighting control system. It appeared that the occupants found automatic continuous daylight-linked systems discreet, but they needed to be able to override them. The complexity of the remote control has led occupants to under-exploit it. Many occupants chose lower artificial light levels when daylight was bright, in order to benefit more from daylight. Automatic dimming with manual choice of illuminance level, optional task lighting, and user friendly control, may be the key elements of an ideal lighting control system.
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Bonomolo, M., M. Beccali, V. Lo Brano, and G. Zizzo. "A set of indices to assess the real performance of daylight-linked control systems." Energy and Buildings 149 (August 2017): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.05.065.

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Bellia, Laura, and Francesca Fragliasso. "Evaluating performance of daylight-linked building controls during preliminary design." Automation in Construction 93 (September 2018): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.05.026.

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Bellia, Laura, and Francesca Fragliasso. "Automated daylight-linked control systems performance with illuminance sensors for side-lit offices in the Mediterranean area." Automation in Construction 100 (April 2019): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.12.027.

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Atif, Morad R., and Anca D. Galasiu. "Energy performance of daylight-linked automatic lighting control systems in large atrium spaces: report on two field-monitored case studies." Energy and Buildings 35, no. 5 (June 2003): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(02)00142-1.

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Li, Danny H. W., Emmanuel I. Aghimien, and Khalid Alshaibani. "An Analysis of Real-Time Measured Solar Radiation and Daylight and Its Energy Implications for Semi-Transparent Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Façades." Buildings 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020386.

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For analyzing cooling loads, day-lighting, and building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, solar radiation and daylight illuminance data are required. However, these data are sparse. Furthermore, studies have shown that the energy potential of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for the entire building skin (BS) and unconventional orientations, such as east, west, and north need further exploration. Thus, this study presents findings from measured solar data and an energy analysis of semi-transparent BIPV. Firstly, solar radiation and daylight data measured from June 2019 to May 2020 in Hong Kong are presented. The analyzed solar-radiation data were used to determine the solar-energy potential of BIPV for BS and the four principal building orientations (i.e., N, E, S and W). With a simple analytical approach, the solar data’s building-energy implications for semi-transparent BIPV were assessed. The findings showed that the annual average horizontal global-, diffuse-, and direct-irradiance values were 291.8, 164.3, and 127.5 W/m2/day, respectively. Similarly, 120, 72, and 107 klux were obtained as the peak global, diffuse, and direct illuminance, respectively. Furthermore, the results show the potential of using BIPV on the entire BS in Hong Kong. It was also observed that a semi-transparent BIPV façade integrated with daylight-linked lighting controls could offer significant energy savings in electric lighting and cooling while also producing energy. In particular, BIPV façades with a large window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 80% can provide an overall energy benefit of up to 7126 kWh.
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Cesari, Silvia, Paolo Valdiserri, Maddalena Coccagna, and Sante Mazzacane. "The Energy Saving Potential of Wide Windows in Hospital Patient Rooms, Optimizing the Type of Glazing and Lighting Control Strategy under Different Climatic Conditions." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082116.

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If not properly designed, the adoption of large windows can sometimes have a negative impact on building energy demand. For this reason, aggravated by the outdated building envelope of the healthcare building stock, large fenestration systems are usually avoided in hospitals, especially in old structures. However, with appropriate glazing specifications, the adoption of wider openings can result into significant energy savings, lower costs and strong positive effects on patients and staff well-being. The present study investigates how different window sizes and types of glazing affect heating, cooling and lighting energy demand in a hospital patient room. The objective is to evaluate the energy savings that may be obtained when installing larger windows and to identify the glazing properties allowing one to reach the maximum energy reductions. Simulations were carried out using nine diverse glazing systems, already available on the market, and their energy performance was evaluated in relation to two different window areas: a common size opening, characterized by a 25% Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), and a floor to ceiling window, with 77% WWR. The analysis was conducted taking into consideration four different orientations in four Italian cities, supposing two artificial lighting control strategies. The results highlighted how the adoption of wider windows with appropriate glazings and a daylight-linked dimming lighting control strategy may lower the primary energy demand up to 17%.
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Beccali, M., M. Bonomolo, G. Ciulla, and V. Lo Brano. "Assessment of indoor illuminance and study on best photosensors' position for design and commissioning of Daylight Linked Control systems. A new method based on artificial neural networks." Energy 154 (July 2018): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.106.

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Renno, Carlo, Alessandro Perone, Diana D’Agostino, and Francesco Minichiello. "Performance Evaluation of a Linear CPV/T System in Different Working Conditions." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052115.

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The performance of Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPV/T) systems is also linked to climatic conditions. In this paper, the main purpose is to determine the energy and economic performance of a line-focus CPV/T system used for a residential user, considering three cities with different weather conditions: Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Marrakech (Morocco), and Salerno (Italy). A modular configuration of a CPV/T system, with a concentration factor equal to 90 and module of 60 Triple-Junction (TJ) cells, is considered. The electrical power is linked to the values of TJ cell temperature and concentrated radiation by an experimental model. Electric production is highly influenced by the TJ cell temperature values. Hence, Marrakech presents lower power generation in summer than Amsterdam, 126 W, and 134 W respectively; in winter season the trend is reversed. However, the electric production in Marrakech will be higher because presents a higher number of daylight hours than other cities considered. The CPV/T system electrical and thermal producibility is evaluated for each city and for typical winter and summer sunny days, together with the modules number able to obtain the investment profitability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Daylight linked control systems"

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Mendoza, Marisela. "Daylight control with retractable systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435400.

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Hensel, Stephan, Markus Graube, and Leon Urbas. "Methodology for Conflict Detection and Resolution in Semantic Revision Control Systems." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-211244.

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Revision control mechanisms are a crucial part of information systems to keep track of changes. It is one of the key requirements for industrial application of technologies like Linked Data which provides the possibility to integrate data from different systems and domains in a semantic information space. A corresponding semantic revision control system must have the same functionality as established systems (e.g. Git or Subversion). There is also a need for branching to enable parallel work on the same data or concurrent access to it. This directly introduces the requirement of supporting merges. This paper presents an approach which makes it possible to merge branches and to detect inconsistencies before creating the merged revision. We use a structural analysis of triple differences as the smallest comparison unit between the branches. The differences that are detected can be accumulated to high level changes, which is an essential step towards semantic merging. We implemented our approach as a prototypical extension of therevision control system R43ples to show proof of concept.
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Al-Dujaili, Ayad. "Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control design for physically linked 2WD mobile robots systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I047/document.

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Dans les environnements difficiles résultant de catastrophes naturelles ou d'accidents industriels, des robots mobiles peuvent être utilisés pour réduire les interventions humaines. Ces robots doivent pouvoir parcourir de longues distances, suivre des trajectoires précises, transporter des matériels et instruments, tout en étant robustes aux perturbations et aux défaillances éventuelles de leurs composants (capteurs, actionneurs). Dans cette thèse, nous considérons des systèmes composés de robots mobiles à deux roues motrices (2WD), reliés physiquement entre eux. Nous proposons des lois de commande permettant au système multi-robot de suivre une trajectoire de référence malgré la présence de défauts d'actionneurs. Différentes commandes tolérantes aux fautes (FTC : Fault Tolerant Control) sont proposées. Certaines sont des commandes dîtes passives, qui sont conçues pour être robustes à des défauts actionneurs sélectionnés, d’autres sont dîtes actives puisqu’elles intègrent un algorithme de diagnostic (observateur adaptatif non linéaire) qui détecte, localise et estime les défauts.Des résultats de simulation sont présentés tout au long de la thèse pour vérifier la validité et montrer les performances des algorithmes de commande tolérante proposés
In harsh environments resulting from natural disasters or industrial accidents, reducing human interventions by increasing robotic operations is desirable. The main challenges to be considered are not only that the robots should be able to go over long distances and operate for relatively long periods, but also make the global system tolerant to actuators’ failures. In this thesis, to overcome these challenges, systems composed of multi-linked two-wheel drive (2WD) mobile robots are considered. The objective of these multi-robot systems is to asymptotically track a reference trajectory, despite the presence of actuator faults. In this thesis, we design original Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) schemes. Some of them are passive methods, i.e. robust control laws to given failures, and other ones are active FTC which include a Fault Diagnosis (FD) algorithm (nonlinear adaptive observer) that detects, localizes and estimates the faults, and finally adapt the control actions to the faulty situations. Simulation results are presented all along the thesis to verify the validity of the proposed control algorithms and to show the performance of the FTC schemes
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Sills, Stephen. "A neuro-evolutionary multiagent approach to multi-linked inverted pendulum control." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30040.

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Recent work has shown humanoid robots with spinal columns, instead of rigid torsos, benefit from both better balance and an increased ability to absorb external impact. Similarly, snake robots have shown promise as a viable option for exploration in confined spaces with limited human access, such as during power plant maintenance. Both spines and snakes, as well as hyper-redundant manipulators, can simplify to a model of a system with multiple links. The multi-link inverted pendulum is a well known benchmark problem in control systems due to its ability to accommodate varying model complexity. Such a system is useful for testing new learning algorithms or laying the foundation for autonomous control of more complex devices such as robotic spines and multi-segmented arms which currently use traditional control methods or are operated by humans. It is often easy to view these systems as single-agent learners due to the high level of interaction among the segments. However, as the number of links in the system increases, the system becomes harder to control. This work replaces the centralized learner with a team of coevolved agents. The use of a multiagent approach allows for control of larger systems. The addition of transfer learning not only increases the learning rate, but also enables the training of larger teams which were previously infeasible due to extended training times. The results presented support these claims by examining neuro-evolutionary control of 3-, 6-, and 12-link systems with nominal conditions as well as with sensor noise, actuator noise, and the addition of more complex physics.
Graduation date: 2012
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Thummala, Vamsidhar. "SAFE: A Declarative Trust-Agile System with Linked Credentials." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12236.

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Secure Access For Everyone (SAFE), is an integrated system for managing trust

using a logic-based declarative language. Logical trust systems authorize each

request by constructing a proof from a context---a set of authenticated logic

statements representing credentials and policies issued by various principals

in a networked system. A key barrier to practical use of logical trust systems

is the problem of managing proof contexts: identifying, validating, and

assembling the credentials and policies that are relevant to each trust

decision.

SAFE addresses this challenge by (i) proposing a distributed authenticated data

repository for storing the credentials and policies; (ii) introducing a

programmable credential discovery and assembly layer that generates the

appropriate tailored context for a given request. The authenticated data

repository is built upon a scalable key-value store with its contents named by

secure identifiers and certified by the issuing principal. The SAFE language

provides scripting primitives to generate and organize logic sets representing

credentials and policies, materialize the logic sets as certificates, and link

them to reflect delegation patterns in the application. The authorizer fetches

the logic sets on demand, then validates and caches them locally for further

use. Upon each request, the authorizer constructs the tailored proof context

and provides it to the SAFE inference for certified validation.

Delegation-driven credential linking with certified data distribution provides

flexible and dynamic policy control enabling security and trust infrastructure

to be agile, while addressing the perennial problems related to today's

certificate infrastructure: automated credential discovery, scalable

revocation, and issuing credentials without relying on centralized authority.

We envision SAFE as a new foundation for building secure network systems. We

used SAFE to build secure services based on case studies drawn from practice:

(i) a secure name service resolver similar to DNS that resolves a name across

multi-domain federated systems; (ii) a secure proxy shim to delegate access

control decisions in a key-value store; (iii) an authorization module for a

networked infrastructure-as-a-service system with a federated trust structure

(NSF GENI initiative); and (iv) a secure cooperative data analytics service

that adheres to individual secrecy constraints while disclosing the data. We

present empirical evaluation based on these case studies and demonstrate that

SAFE supports a wide range of applications with low overhead.


Dissertation
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Books on the topic "Daylight linked control systems"

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Frontini, Francesco. Daylight and solar control in buildings: General evaluation and optimization of a new angle selective glazing façade. Stuttgart: Fraunhofer-Verlag, 2011.

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Nakov, Svetlin. Fundamentals of Computer Programming with C#: The Bulgarian C# Book. Sofia, Bulgaria: Svetlin Nakov, 2013.

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Cruse, Holk, and Malte Schilling. Pattern generation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0024.

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The faculty to generate patterns is a basic feature of living systems. This chapter concentrates on patterns used in the context of control of behavior. Spatio-temporal patterns appear as quasi-rhythmic patterns mainly in the domain of locomotion (e.g. swimming, flying, walking). Such patterns may be rooted directly in the nervous system itself, or may emerge in interaction with the environment. The examples given show simulation of the corresponding behaviors that in most cases are applied to robots (e.g. walking in an unpredictable environment). In addition, non-rhythmic patterns will be explained which are linked to internal states and are required to select specific behaviors and control behavioral sequences. Such states may be relevant for top-down attention and may or may not be accompanied with subjective experiences, then called mind patterns. Specific cases concern the application of an internal body model, as well as states characterized as cognitive or as conscious.
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Norton, Barley. Music and Censorship in Vietnam since 1954. Edited by Patricia Hall. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733163.013.29.

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This chapter traces the history of music censorship in Vietnam since 1954 with reference to a broad range of music genres. It discusses music censorship from 1954 to 1975, when Vietnam was divided into North and South. The tight ideological control established by the Vietnamese Communist Party in the North is compared with music movements linked to antiwar protests in the South. The chapter then examines the period of severe censorship following the end of the Vietnamese-American war in 1975 and considers how the cultural climate changed in the reform era after 1986. It highlights the limits of cultural freedom in the reform era and discusses how music censorship has become intertwined with concerns about the effects of globalization on morality and national identity. Finally, the chapter addresses the impact of technology since the late 1990s, paying particular attention to Vietnamese rap and the potential for musicians to use the Internet to bypass conventional systems of state censorship.
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Ufimtseva, Nataliya V., Iosif A. Sternin, and Elena Yu Myagkova. Russian psycholinguistics: results and prospects (1966–2021): a research monograph. Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/978-5-6045633-7-3.

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The monograph reflects the problems of Russian psycholinguistics from the moment of its inception in Russia to the present day and presents its main directions that are currently developing. In addition, theoretical developments and practical results obtained in the framework of different directions and research centers are described in a concise form. The task of the book is to reflect, as far as it is possible in one edition, firstly, the history of the formation of Russian psycholinguistics; secondly, its methodology and developed methods; thirdly, the results obtained in different research centers and directions in different regions of Russia; fourthly, to outline the main directions of the further development of Russian psycholinguistics. There is no doubt that in the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects, the main problems and the results of their development by Russian psycholinguistics have no analogues in world linguistics and psycholinguistics, or are represented by completely original concepts and methods. We have tried to show this uniqueness of the problematics and the methodological equipment of Russian psycholinguistics in this book. The main role in the formation of Russian psycholinguistics was played by the Moscow psycholinguistic school of A.A. Leontyev. It still defines the main directions of Russian psycholinguistics. Russian psycholinguistics (the theory of speech activity - TSA) is based on the achievements of Russian psychology: a cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena L.S. Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontyev. Moscow is the most "psycholinguistic region" of Russia - INL RAS, Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, RUDN, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Sechenov University, Moscow State University and other Moscow universities. Saint Petersburg psycholinguists have significant achievements, especially in the study of neurolinguistic problems, ontolinguistics. The most important feature of Russian psycholinguistics is the widespread development of psycholinguistics in the regions, the emergence of recognized psycholinguistic research centers - St. Petersburg, Tver, Saratov, Perm, Ufa, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kursk, Chelyabinsk; psycholinguistics is represented in Cherepovets, Ivanovo, Volgograd, Vyatka, Kaluga, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Abakan, Maikop, Barnaul, Ulan-Ude, Yakutsk, Syktyvkar, Armavir and other cities; in Belarus - Minsk, in Ukraine - Lvov, Chernivtsi, Kharkov, in the DPR - Donetsk, in Kazakhstan - Alma-Ata, Chimkent. Our researchers work in Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, China, France, Switzerland. There are Russian psycholinguists in Canada, USA, Israel, Austria and a number of other countries. All scientists from these regions and countries have contributed to the development of Russian psycholinguistics, to the development of psycholinguistic theory and methods of psycholinguistic research. Their participation has not been forgotten. We tried to present the main Russian psycholinguists in the Appendix - in the sections "Scientometrics", "Monographs and Manuals" and "Dissertations", even if there is no information about them in the Electronic Library and RSCI. The principles of including scientists in the scientometric list are presented in the Appendix. Our analysis of the content of the resulting monograph on psycholinguistic research in Russia allows us to draw preliminary conclusions about some of the distinctive features of Russian psycholinguistics: 1. cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena of L.S.Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontiev as methodological basis of Russian psycholinguistics; 2. theoretical nature of psycholinguistic research as a characteristic feature of Russian psycholinguistics. Our psycholinguistics has always built a general theory of the generation and perception of speech, mental vocabulary, linked specific research with the problems of ontogenesis, the relationship between language and thinking; 3. psycholinguistic studies of speech communication as an important subject of psycholinguistics; 4. attention to the psycholinguistic analysis of the text and the development of methods for such analysis; 5. active research into the ontogenesis of linguistic ability; 6. investigation of linguistic consciousness as one of the important subjects of psycholinguistics; 7. understanding the need to create associative dictionaries of different types as the most important practical task of psycholinguistics; 8. widespread use of psycholinguistic methods for applied purposes, active development of applied psycholinguistics. The review of the main directions of development of Russian psycholinguistics, carried out in this monograph, clearly shows that the direction associated with the study of linguistic consciousness is currently being most intensively developed in modern Russian psycholinguistics. As the practice of many years of psycholinguistic research in our country shows, the subject of study of psycholinguists is precisely linguistic consciousness - this is a part of human consciousness that is responsible for generating, understanding speech and keeping language in consciousness. Associative experiments are the core of most psycholinguistic techniques and are important both theoretically and practically. The following main areas of practical application of the results of associative experiments can be outlined. 1. Education. Associative experiments are the basis for constructing Mind Maps, one of the most promising tools for systematizing knowledge, assessing the quality, volume and nature of declarative knowledge (and using special techniques and skills). Methods based on smart maps are already widely used in teaching foreign languages, fast and deep immersion in various subject areas. 2. Information search, search optimization. The results of associative experiments can significantly improve the quality of information retrieval, its efficiency, as well as adaptability for a specific person (social group). When promoting sites (promoting them in search results), an associative experiment allows you to increase and improve the quality of the audience reached. 3. Translation studies, translation automation. An associative experiment can significantly improve the quality of translation, take into account intercultural and other social characteristics of native speakers. 4. Computational linguistics and automatic word processing. The results of associative experiments make it possible to reveal the features of a person's linguistic consciousness and contribute to the development of automatic text processing systems in a wide range of applications of natural language interfaces of computer programs and robotic solutions. 5. Advertising. The use of data on associations for specific words, slogans and texts allows you to predict and improve advertising texts. 6. Social relationships. The analysis of texts using the data of associative experiments makes it possible to assess the tonality of messages (negative / positive moods, aggression and other characteristics) based on user comments on the Internet and social networks, in the press in various projections (by individuals, events, organizations, etc.) from various social angles, to diagnose the formation of extremist ideas. 7. Content control and protection of personal data. Associative experiments improve the quality of content detection and filtering by identifying associative fields in areas subject to age restrictions, personal information, tobacco and alcohol advertising, incitement to ethnic hatred, etc. 8. Gender and individual differences. The data of associative experiments can be used to compare the reactions (and, in general, other features of thinking) between men and women, different social and age groups, representatives of different regions. The directions for the further development of Russian psycholinguistics from the standpoint of the current state of psycholinguistic science in the country are seen by us, first of all:  in the development of research in various areas of linguistic consciousness, which will contribute to the development of an important concept of speech as a verbal model of non-linguistic consciousness, in which knowledge revealed by social practice and assigned by each member of society during its inculturation is consolidated for society and on its behalf;  in the expansion of the problematics, which is formed under the influence of the growing intercultural communication in the world community, which inevitably involves the speech behavior of natural and artificial bilinguals in the new object area of psycholinguistics;  in using the capabilities of national linguistic corpora in the interests of researchers studying the functioning of non-linguistic and linguistic consciousness in speech processes;  in expanding research on the semantic perception of multimodal texts, the scope of which has greatly expanded in connection with the spread of the Internet as a means of communication in the life of modern society;  in the inclusion of the problems of professional communication and professional activity in the object area of psycholinguistics in connection with the introduction of information technologies into public practice, entailing the emergence of new professions and new features of the professional ethos;  in the further development of the theory of the mental lexicon (identifying the role of different types of knowledge in its formation and functioning, the role of the word as a unit of the mental lexicon in the formation of the image of the world, as well as the role of the natural / internal metalanguage and its specificity in speech activity);  in the broad development of associative lexicography, which will meet the most diverse needs of society and cognitive sciences. The development of associative lexicography may lead to the emergence of such disciplines as associative typology, associative variantology, associative axiology;  in expanding the spheres of applied use of psycholinguistics in social sciences, sociology, semasiology, lexicography, in the study of the brain, linguodidactics, medicine, etc. This book is a kind of summarizing result of the development of Russian psycholinguistics today. Each section provides a bibliography of studies on the relevant issue. The Appendix contains the scientometrics of leading Russian psycholinguists, basic monographs, psycholinguistic textbooks and dissertations defended in psycholinguistics. The content of the publications presented here is convincing evidence of the relevance of psycholinguistic topics and the effectiveness of the development of psycholinguistic problems in Russia.
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Book chapters on the topic "Daylight linked control systems"

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Lagnese, J. E., Günter Leugering, and E. J. P. G. Schmidt. "Modeling and Controllability of Systems of Linked Plates." In Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications, 251–317. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0273-8_7.

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Villata, Serena, Nicolas Delaforge, Fabien Gandon, and Amelie Gyrard. "An Access Control Model for Linked Data." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011 Workshops, 454–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25126-9_57.

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Schmidt, E. J. P. Georg. "On the Linearised Dynamics of Linked Mechanical Structures." In Control and Optimal Design of Distributed Parameter Systems, 229–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8460-1_11.

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Ayçam, İdil, and Özge Ceylan. "Analysis of Daylight Control in Advanced Façade Systems for Office Module in Ankara." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 359–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63709-9_29.

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Eltamaly, Ali M., Yehia Sayed Mohamed, Abou-Hashema M. El-Sayed, Amer Nasr A. Elghaffar, and Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil. "D-STATCOM for Distribution Network Compensation Linked with Wind Generation." In Control and Operation of Grid-Connected Wind Energy Systems, 87–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64336-2_5.

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Zafar, H., P. O. Eriksson, E. Nordh, and N. Al-Falahe. "Coordinated Human Jaw and Head-Neck Movements During Natural Jaw Opening-Closing: Reproducible Movement Patterns Indicate Linked Motor Control." In Alpha and Gamma Motor Systems, 502–4. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1935-5_106.

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de Boisboissel, Gérard. "Evolution in the Way of Waging War for Combatants and Military Leaders." In Managing Future Challenges for Safety, 13–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07805-7_2.

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AbstractThe revolution in systems autonomy is underway. We are at the dawn of a radical change in the use we make of the equipment available to us, with the upcoming and progressive autonomy of this equipment allowing it to adapt to the situation. The danger and complexity of the military world makes it difficult to anticipate the major issues linked to the adoption of these machines, in particular that of the responsibility of the leaders who will allocate their tasks or missions, as well as that of those who design and test these systems. This chapter proposes to list some of the safeguards necessary for their use: the control of these systems by leaders, the necessary confidence in their use and the need to integrate into their embedded software rules to be respected when tasks are executed (rules of engagement linked to the circumstances, or standards not to be violated). It emphasises the absolute role of leaders whose choices must, at all times, prevail over those of AIs, especially in complex situations, and who must ensure the conduct of the manoeuver because they are the guarantor who gives meaning to military action.
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Andersson, Ragnar, and Thomas Gell. "Vision Zero on Fire Safety." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1143–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_44.

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AbstractSince 2010, Sweden has a Vision Zero policy on fire safety: no one should die or be seriously injured as a result of fire. Compared to the traffic safety model, however, the preconditions for successful implementation appear more immature and less convincing in the fire area. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate, using the Vision Zero policy on fire safety as an example, how a Vision Zero initiative in a new area, where the conditions for governance may differ significantly from the area of inspiration, can be dealt with as a dynamic process to gradually establish credibility and effectiveness.Globally, fire is a significant cause of death and injury. The general trend is toward a slow decline, especially among middle-income and high-income countries. The decline may be due to successful fire safety efforts, but also to other conditions affecting it indirectly. Both risk-increasing and risk-reducing factors determine fire safety. Risk increasing factors include an ageing population, an increasing diversity of possible ignition sources, and a change in the composition and amount of combustible materials present in our homes. The risk-reducing factors include generally favorable socioeconomic and technological developments, including concrete societal actions directed against fire risks such as the promotion of smoke detectors and sprinkler systems.Fire safety is one of the oldest documented examples of societal risk management. City planning and construction were early influenced by fire safety considerations, while in contrast, the legal responsibility for residential fire safety has largely remained a private and individual matter. The situation is similar to the one that for long prevailed in the traffic sector, that is, the primary responsibility rests with the system’s users, not with its designers.The launch of the Vision Zero on fire safety in 2010 represented a clear boost in ambition. Along with the vision, a strategy intended to guide the work toward the visionary goal was also presented. The strategy included four items: information, technical solutions, local collaboration, and evaluation/research. Several actions were taken in line with the strategy, including a significant research effort and the development of a set of indicators to monitor progress.Ten years later, the research effort has brought new knowledge that puts previous perceptions into partly new light. The notion that survival depends on the individual’s personal capacities is strengthened. Adverse outcomes such as death and serious injury appear mainly linked to specific vulnerabilities of certain groups for medical and social reasons. Most fires are handled by the residents themselves without injuries and without assistance from Rescue Services; on the other hand, even minor fires can be fatal for vulnerable residents. This turns the problem framing toward social aspects rather than technical, since broad groups of residents lack the capacities needed, conflicting with the prevailing view that the individual should bear the primary responsibility.Other findings relate to the proven inefficiency of certain measures for groups at elevated risk and the need for re-thinking and innovations to meet the challenges ahead. This includes extended inter-sectoral collaboration on a broader spectrum of residential risks besides fire, threatening the same groups for similar social and medical reasons.This updated state of knowledge is now being used as a basis for renewing current national fire safety strategies. With reference to general principles of systems control, this chapter will discuss obstacles and challenges to establish a more robust and systematic national control of the fire problem in line with the Vision Zero policy. The appropriateness of launching Vision Zero policies in fields that are not yet ripe for systematic governance is also discussed. It is concluded that a Vision Zero initiative can still be meaningful and successfully pursued, provided that limitations in the ability to influence crucial elements in the system are openly identified and systematically addressed in a process in which strategical and policy developments interact with research and innovation.
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Andersson, Ragnar, and Thomas Gell. "Vision Zero on Fire Safety." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_44-1.

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AbstractSince 2010, Sweden has a Vision Zero policy on fire safety: no one should die or be seriously injured as a result of fire. Compared to the traffic safety model, however, the preconditions for successful implementation appear more immature and less convincing in the fire area. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate, using the Vision Zero policy on fire safety as an example, how a Vision Zero initiative in a new area, where the conditions for governance may differ significantly from the area of inspiration, can be dealt with as a dynamic process to gradually establish credibility and effectiveness.Globally, fire is a significant cause of death and injury. The general trend is toward a slow decline, especially among middle-income and high-income countries. The decline may be due to successful fire safety efforts, but also to other conditions affecting it indirectly. Both risk-increasing and risk-reducing factors determine fire safety. Risk increasing factors include an ageing population, an increasing diversity of possible ignition sources, and a change in the composition and amount of combustible materials present in our homes. The risk-reducing factors include generally favorable socioeconomic and technological developments, including concrete societal actions directed against fire risks such as the promotion of smoke detectors and sprinkler systems.Fire safety is one of the oldest documented examples of societal risk management. City planning and construction were early influenced by fire safety considerations, while in contrast, the legal responsibility for residential fire safety has largely remained a private and individual matter. The situation is similar to the one that for long prevailed in the traffic sector, that is, the primary responsibility rests with the system’s users, not with its designers.The launch of the Vision Zero on fire safety in 2010 represented a clear boost in ambition. Along with the vision, a strategy intended to guide the work toward the visionary goal was also presented. The strategy included four items: information, technical solutions, local collaboration, and evaluation/research. Several actions were taken in line with the strategy, including a significant research effort and the development of a set of indicators to monitor progress.Ten years later, the research effort has brought new knowledge that puts previous perceptions into partly new light. The notion that survival depends on the individual’s personal capacities is strengthened. Adverse outcomes such as death and serious injury appear mainly linked to specific vulnerabilities of certain groups for medical and social reasons. Most fires are handled by the residents themselves without injuries and without assistance from Rescue Services; on the other hand, even minor fires can be fatal for vulnerable residents. This turns the problem framing toward social aspects rather than technical, since broad groups of residents lack the capacities needed, conflicting with the prevailing view that the individual should bear the primary responsibility.Other findings relate to the proven inefficiency of certain measures for groups at elevated risk and the need for re-thinking and innovations to meet the challenges ahead. This includes extended inter-sectoral collaboration on a broader spectrum of residential risks besides fire, threatening the same groups for similar social and medical reasons.This updated state of knowledge is now being used as a basis for renewing current national fire safety strategies. With reference to general principles of systems control, this chapter will discuss obstacles and challenges to establish a more robust and systematic national control of the fire problem in line with the Vision Zero policy. The appropriateness of launching Vision Zero policies in fields that are not yet ripe for systematic governance is also discussed. It is concluded that a Vision Zero initiative can still be meaningful and successfully pursued, provided that limitations in the ability to influence crucial elements in the system are openly identified and systematically addressed in a process in which strategical and policy developments interact with research and innovation.
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"Management Control Instruments." In Management Control Systems and Tools for Internationalization Success, 111–42. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2007-9.ch005.

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The definition of the dialogue instruments is closely linked to the management of the knowledge that companies want to implement and should contribute to the proper functioning of the management control tools and to the sharing, application, and knowledge creation within the organization. In this chapter, some knowledge management techniques will be presented, which should be defined, taking also into consideration the management control systems to be implemented. In view of the constant changes in the business environment, the company must be market-oriented, and adequate information by segments will be highlighted for decision making. Being important to obtain efficiencies in the realization of internal work processes, the authors also describe some topics of the activity-based costing and activity-based management. As organizations are becoming more complex and decentralized, the information system should also adapt. In this sense, the authors describe organizational types and the adaptation of the management control instruments.
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Conference papers on the topic "Daylight linked control systems"

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Beccali, Marco, Marina Bonomolo, Valerio Lo Brano, and Gaetano Zizzo. "Calculation of Energy Performance Indices of Daylight Linked Control Systems by Monitored Data." In ISES Solar World Conference 2017 and the IEA SHC Solar Heating and Cooling Conference for Buildings and Industry 2017. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2017.05.01.

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Beccali, Marco, Marina Bonomolo, Giuliana Leone, and Gaetano Zizzo. "Comparison Between the Performances of a Daylight Linked Control System at Two Different Latitudes." In ISES Solar World Congress 2019/IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2019. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2019.38.01.

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Ortega-Sanchez, Cesar, Jaime Orozco-Valera, Jojutla Pacheco-Arteaga, and Alejandro Rivera-Garci´a. "Monitoring and Charge-Control of Lead-Acid Batteries in Photovoltaic Applications." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65134.

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Accurate charge-control and state-of-charge monitoring of lead-acid batteries is an ever-increasing necessity in an industry that demands low-maintenance costs and highly available systems. If the batteries are charged by photovoltaic panels and are installed in remote sites (e.g. Oil sea-platforms, highway emergency bays, autonomous communications systems) and exposed to aggressive environmental conditions (e.g. Extreme temperature, high humidity), the problem of extending the batteries’ useful life becomes a challenge. Most charging algorithms do not perform well when photovoltaic panels are the sole source of energy because energy availability is not guaranteed. A charge algorithm that maximizes the use of energy generated by the panel during daylight hours is needed. This paper presents a microcontroller-based charge-controller suitable for photovoltaic applications. The controller performs temperature compensation on the charge algorithm. It also stores those parameters that provide an indication on batteries’ state-of-charge and state-of-health: Panel voltage, battery’s voltage and current, current demanded by a load and room temperature. The controller has serial communication capabilities that make possible the connection to a personal computer or central station. By using a local industrial network or radio links, multiple controllers can be monitored by a central station running a battery management program. The information collected by all the controllers in the system is analyzed to determine the state-of-charge of individual batteries and, if required, command the appropriate controller to perform special procedures like, for example, thorough diagnostics or equalization. Preliminary field-test results of a controller installed in a high-way emergency bay are presented in this paper. It is shown that protection against deep discharges is achieved, which contributes to extend the battery useful life.
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Gentile, Niko, Marie-Claude Dubois, and Thorbjorn Laike. "Daylight harvesting control systems design recommendations based on a literature review." In 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2015.7165237.

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Gao, Y. M., X. Guo, Y. D. Lin, F. Cao, G. Y. Cao, J. J. Yu, N. Y. Zou, and H. Y. Zhang. "Explore on Illuminance Control of Daylight Perceptive Lighting by Fuzzy Logic." In International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Applications. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cisia-15.2015.150.

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Iye, Masanori, and Eiji Nishihara. "Differential Dome Seeing Monitor." In Adaptive Optics for Large Telescopes. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aolt.1992.amd1.

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The evaluation and control of atmospheric turbulence in the upper atmosphere and around the telescope environment are growing concerns, since these are the last limiting factors in improving the imaging quality of large ground based telescopes. The adaptive optics is naturally a recent topical dynamic approach to control the optical wavefront aberration using a real time servo system. Another line of pains-taking efforts have been made to improve the thermal environment more favorable to telescopes. They are, for example, 1) reducing the thermal mass and thermal time constant of mirrors, telescope structure, and dome structure, 2) removing unneseccary heat sources and cooling the dome against daylight heating, 3) flushing the trapped warm air inside the telescope enclosure, and so on.
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Sowa, Slawomir. "Lighting control systems using daylight to optimise energy efficiency of the building." In 2019 Progress in Applied Electrical Engineering (PAEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/paee.2019.8788991.

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Aslan, Khaled, Hala Skaf-Molli, and Pascal Molli. "Connecting Distributed Version Control Systems communities to linked open data." In 2012 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cts.2012.6261056.

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Langer, G. G., and N. T. Launert. "Lighting Future Naval Ships – Mission Optimized and Human Centric." In International Ship Control Systems Symposium. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2631-8741.2018.022.

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Progress in lighting technology comes in waves: As the LED is emerging as the winner from the current wave, the digital transformation is pushing the limits of technical possibilities of lighting once more, as it gives access to more degrees of freedom in lighting. Advances over the last decade have significantly expanded the scope of lighting technology: ‘Intelligent Lighting’ yields several new opportunities. Through the advantageous properties of LEDs electric light will be a carrier for optical wireless communication. It finally will provide its users the lost qualities of a natural dynamic light environment as a surrogate of sunlight with all its stimulating effects, thus a ‘Human Centric Lighting’ addressing the biological needs of a ship’s crew with limited access to daylight, increasing their well-being, health and performance on the job.
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Ma, Yajie, Vincent Cocquempot, Maan El Badaoui El Najjar, and Bin Jiang. "Multiple-model based actuator fault compensation for two linked 2WD mobile robots." In 2016 Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/systol.2016.7739725.

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Reports on the topic "Daylight linked control systems"

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Verderber, R., F. Rubinstein, and G. Ward. Photoelectric control of daylight-following lighting systems (Daylight-sensing photocell placement). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7251355.

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Unzeta, Bruno Bueno, Jan de Boer, Ruben Delvaeye, Bertrand Deroisy, Marc Fontoynont, David Geisler-Moroder, Niko Gentile, et al. Survey on opportunities and barriers in lighting controls. Edited by Marc Fontoynont. IEA SHC Task 61, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2021-0002.

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This report summarizes a survey performed in eight countries on the status quo of daylight and electric lighting control systems. Feedback from more than 100 international experts (building / facility managers and planers) was evaluated. The aim of the survey was to identify the perception of the different possibilities of the current lighting control solutions and the expectations about the control systems. The survey aims to provide a mapping of the current lighting control systems available at the market and an overview of which functions are perceived as most important and which areas are found to be improved. Participants of the survey had to rank each question in relation to the perceived importance and the need for improvement. The survey enclosed five general topics; energy, operational aspects, occupant control, occupant comfort and control functionality.
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Brockmann, Kolja, and Nivedita Raju. NewSpace and the Commercialization of the Space Industry: Challenges for the Missile Technology Regime. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/yrpy6524.

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The changing nature of the space industry—particularly through its NewSpace entrants—is resulting in changes in business practices, new funding sources and capitalization models, as well as gaps in awareness and understanding of export controls. NewSpace is not only changing the nature of the space industry, but also exacerbating existing missile proliferation risks and posing challenges for the effective implementation of export controls. It therefore requires a coordinated response by the main multilateral missile export control instrument: the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). This report identifies developments, trends and possible proliferation scenarios linked to the NewSpace industry that pose possible missile proliferation risks and challenges for MTCR export controls. The report seeks to strengthen the implementation of export controls and related policy instruments through the MTCR and national measures, in order to prevent commercial space industry activities contributing to programmes for missiles and other delivery systems capable of carrying chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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Mevarech, Moshe, Jeremy Bruenn, and Yigal Koltin. Virus Encoded Toxin of the Corn Smut Ustilago Maydis - Isolation of Receptors and Mapping Functional Domains. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613022.bard.

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Ustilago maydis is a fungal pathogen of maize. Some strains of U. maydis encode secreted polypeptide toxins capable of killing other susceptible strains of U. maydis. Resistance to the toxins is conferred by recessive nuclear genes. The toxins are encoded by genomic segments of resident double-strande RNA viruses. The best characterized toxin, KP6, is composed of two polypeptides, a and b, which are not covalently linked. It is encoded by P6M2 dsRNA, which has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in a variety of systems. In this study we have shown that the toxin acts on the membranes of sensitive cells and that both polypeptides are required for toxin activity. The toxin has been shown to function by creating new pores in the cell membrane and disrupting ion fluxes. The experiments performed on artificial phospholipid bilayers indicated that KP6 forms large voltage-independent, cation-selective channels. Experiments leading to the resolution of structure-function relationship of the toxin by in vitro analysis have been initiated. During the course of this research the collaboration also yielded X-ray diffracion data of the crystallized a polypeptide. The effect of the toxin on the pathogen has been shown to be receptor-mediated. A potential receptor protein, identified in membrane fractions of sensitive cells, was subjected to tryptic hydrolysis followed by amino-acid analysis. The peptides obtained were used to isolate a cDNA fragment by reverse PCR, which showed 30% sequence homology to the human HLA protein. Analysis of other toxins secreted by U. maydis, KP1 and KP4, have demonstrated that, unlike KP6, they are composed of a single polypeptide. Finally, KP6 has been expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, indicating that accurate processing by Kex2p-like activity occurs in plants as well. Using tobacco as a model system, we determined that active antifungal toxins can be synthesized and targeted to the outside of transgenic plant cells. If this methodology can be applied to other agronomically crop species, then U. maydis toxins may provide a novel means for biological control of pathogenic fungi.
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Levisohn, Sharon, Maricarmen Garcia, David Yogev, and Stanley Kleven. Targeted Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Avian Mycoplasmas. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695853.bard.

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Intraspecies identification (DNA "fingerprinting") of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas is a powerful tool for epidemiological studies and monitoring strain identity. However the only widely method available for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS)wasrandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This project aimed to develop alternative and supplementary typing methods that will overcome the major constraints of RAPD, such as the need for isolation of the organism in pure culture and the lack of reproducibility intrinsic in the method. Our strategy focussed on recognition of molecular markers enabling identification of MG and MS vaccine strains and, by extension, pathogenic potential of field isolates. Our first aim was to develop PCR-based systems which will allow amplification of specific targeted genes directly from clinical material. For this purpose we evaluated the degree of intraspecies heterogeneity in genes encoding variable surface antigens uniquely found in MG all of which are putative pathogenicity factors. Phylogenic analysis of targeted sequences of selected genes (pvpA, gapA, mgc2, and lp) was employed to determine the relationship among MG strains.. This method, designated gene targeted sequencing (GTS), was successfully employed to identify strains and to establish epidemiologically-linked strain clusters. Diagnostic PCR tests were designed and validated for each of the target genes, allowing amplification of specific nucleotide sequences from clinical samples. An mgc2-PCR-RFLP test was designed for rapid differential diagnosis of MG vaccine strains in Israel. Addressing other project goals, we used transposon mutagenesis and in vivo and in vitro models for pathogenicity to correlated specific changes in target genes with biological properties that may impact the course of infection. An innovative method for specific detection and typing of MS strains was based on the hemagglutinin-encoding gene vlhA, uniquely found in this species. In parallel, we evaluated the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in avian mycoplasmas. AFLP is a highly discriminatory method that scans the entire genome using infrequent restriction site PCR. As a first step the method was found to be highly correlated with other DNA typing methods for MG species and strain differentiation. The method is highly reproducible and relatively rapid, although it is necessary to isolate the strain to be tested. Both AFLP and GTS are readily to amenable to computer-assisted analysis of similarity and construction of a data-base resource. The availability of improved and diverse tools will help realize the full potential of molecular typing of avian mycoplasmas as an integral and essential part of mycoplasma control programs.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Suzanne M. Thiem. Isolation of Baculoviruses with Expanded Spectrum of Action against Lepidopteran Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586457.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to learn to control (expand and restrict) the host range of baculoviruses. In this project our aim was to expand the host range of the prototype baculovirus Autographa cali/arnica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) towards American and Israeli pests. To achieve this objective we studied AcMNPV infection in the non-permissive hosts L. dispar and s. littoralis (Ld652Y and SL2 cells, respectively) as a model system and the major barriers to viral replication. We isolated recombinant baculoviruses with expanded infectivity towards L. dispar and S. littoralis and tested their infectivity towards other Lepidopteran pests. The restricted host range displayed by baculoviruses constitutes an obstacle to their further implementation in the control of diverse Lepidopteran pests, increasing the development costs. Our work points out that cellular defenses are major role blocks to AcMNPV replication in non- and semi-permissive hosts. Therefore a major determinant ofbaculovirus host range is the ability of the virus to effectively counter cellular defenses of host cells. This is exemplified by our findings showing tliat expressing the viral gene Ldhrf-l overcomes global translation arrest in AcMNPV -infected Ld652Y cells. Our data suggests that Ld652Y cells have two anti-viral defense pathways, because they are subject to global translation arrest when infected with AcMNPV carrying a baculovirus apoptotic suppressor (e.g., wild type AcMNPV carryingp35, or recombinant AcMNPV carrying Opiap, Cpiap. or p49 genes) but apoptose when infected with AcMNPV-Iacking a functional apoptotic suppressor. We have yet to elucidate how hrf-l precludes the translation arrest mechanism(s) in AcMNPV-infected Ld652Y cells. Ribosomal profiles of AcMNPV infected Ld652Y cells suggested that translation initiation is a major control point, but we were unable to rule-out a contribution from a block in translation elongation. Phosphorylation of eIF-2a did not appear to playa role in AcMNPV -induced translation arrest. Mutagenesis studies ofhrf-l suggest that a highly acidic domain plays a role in precluding translation arrest. Our findings indicate that translation arrest may be linked to apoptosis either through common sensors of virus infection or as a consequence of late events in the virus life-cycle that occur only if apoptosis is suppressed. ~ AcMNPV replicates poorly in SL2 cells and induces apoptosis. Our studies in AcMNPV - infected SL2ceils led us to conclude that the steady-state levels of lEI (product of the iel gene, major AcMNPV -transactivator and multifunctional protein) relative to those of the immediate early viral protein lEO, playa critical role in regulating the viral infection. By increasing the IEl\IEO ratio we achieved AcMNPV replication in S. littoralis and we were able to isolate recombinant AcMNPV s that replicated efficiently in S. lifforalis cells and larvae. Our data that indicated that AcMNPV - infection may be regulated by an interaction between IE 1 and lED (of previously unknown function). Indeed, we showed that IE 1 associates with lED by using protein "pull down" and immunoprecipitation approaches High steady state levels of "functional" IE 1 resulted in increased expression of the apoptosis suppressor p35 facilitating AcMNPV -replication in SL2 cells. Finally, we determined that lED accelerates the viral infection in AcMNPV -permissive cells. Our results show that expressing viral genes that are able to overcome the insect-pest defense system enable to expand baculovirus host range. Scientifically, this project highlights the need to further study the anti-viral defenses of invertebrates not only to maximi~e the possibilities for manipulating baculovirus genomes, but to better understand the evolutionary underpinnings of the immune systems of vertebrates towards virus infection.
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Arora, Sanjana, and Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.

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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.
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