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1
Downs, Drew T., Michael A. Clynne, Duane E. Champion, and L. J. Patrick Muffler. "Eruption age and duration of the ∼9 km3 Burney Mountain dacite dome complex, northern California, USA." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 5-6 (October 30, 2019): 1150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35240.1.
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Abstract At ∼9 km3, the six dacite domes (db1–db6) of Burney Mountain, northern California, USA, constitute the most voluminous Quaternary dome complex in the Cascades volcanic arc. Whole-rock geochemistry, electron microprobe, and petrographic data indicate that the domes are magmatically related, which when integrated with geomorphology and stratigraphic superposition, indicate early (db1, db2, and db3) and late (db4, db5, and db6) erupted groups. We present 40Ar/39Ar ages of 271.9 ± 4.6 ka (db1), 280.8 ± 8.2 and 281.7 ± 6.8 ka (db2), and 290.2 ± 6.0 ka (db3) along with a previous age of 280 ± 12 ka (db1). These ages scatter over 20 k.y., whereas remanent magnetic directions are similar between 53.3–59.0° inclination and 352.7–355.9° declination. The latter data set indicates that the dacite domes were emplaced over a geologically brief time interval, not thousands of years. Crystal-size distribution patterns of plagioclase were used to calculate residence times, which we use to infer the duration over which the eruptions likely occurred. Three slopes represent three populations of plagioclase crystals (fine-grained groundmass, coarse-grained groundmass, and phenocrysts). A commonly used growth rate for plagioclase in dacitic magmas (10−10 mm/s) yields 9–10 yr of growth for the coarse-grained groundmass (early erupted domes of db1, db2, and db3), whereas plagioclase in the fine-grained groundmass (late erupted domes of db4, db5, and db6) grew over 4–5 yr. All plagioclase phenocrysts have apparent residence times of 26–36 yr; however, they contain high anorthite (An)>70 resorbed cores with sieve textures, which have euhedral, lower An<65 overgrowth rims. Similarities in chemistry between groundmass plagioclase and phenocryst overgrowth rims indicate that they grew concurrently, and we therefore propose that both have similar residence times. Thus, the Burney Mountain dacite dome complex was emplaced during a single eruptive episode over the course of years to decades at 281.1 ± 4.8 ka (weighted mean age).
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Nguyen, Hong Quang, and Minh Thuy Le. "Multiband Ambient RF Energy Harvester with High Gain Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna toward Self-Powered Wireless Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 7411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217411.
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In this work toward a sustainable operation of a self-powered wireless sensor, we investigated a multiband Wi-Fi/3G/4G/5G energy harvester based on a novel wideband circularly polarized antenna, a quadplexer, and rectifiers at four corresponding bands. This proposed antenna consisted of four sequentially rotated dual-dipoles, fed by a hybrid feeding network with equal amplitude and an incremental 90° phase delay. The feeding network was composed of three Wilkinson power dividers and Schiffman phase shifters. Based on the sequential rotation method, the antenna obtained a −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 71.2% from 1.4 GHz to 2.95 GHz and a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 63.6%, from 1.5 GHz to 2.9 GHz. In addition, this antenna gain was higher than 6 dBi in a wide bandwidth from 1.65 GHz to 2.8 GHz, whereas the peak gain was 9.9 dBi. The quad-band rectifier yielded the maximum AC–DC conversion efficiency of 1.8 GHz and was 60% at −1 dBm input power, 2.1 GHz was 55% at 0 dBm, 2.45 GHz was 55% at −1 dBm, and 2.6 GHz was 54% at 0.5 dBm, respectively. The maximum RF–DC conversion efficiency using the wideband circularly polarized antenna was 27%, 26%, 25.5%, and 27.5% at −6 dBm of input power, respectively.
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Li, Zhiqun, Yan Yao, Zengqi Wang, Guoxiao Cheng, and Lei Luo. "A Low-Voltage Multi-Band ZigBee Transceiver." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121474.
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This paper presents a low-voltage ZigBee transceiver covering a unique frequency band of 780/868/915/2400 MHz in 180 nm CMOS technology. The design consists of a receiver with a wideband variable-gain front end and a complex band-pass filter (CBPF) based on poles construction, a transmitter employing the two-point direct-modulation structure, a Ʃ-Δ fractional-N frequency synthesizer with two VCOs and some auxiliary circuits. The measured results show that under 1 V supply voltage, the receiver reaches −93.8 dBm and −102 dBm sensitivity for 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz band, respectively, and dissipates only 1.42 mW power. The frequency synthesizer achieves −106.8 dBc/Hz and −116.7 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset along with 4.2 mW and 3.5 mW power consumption for 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz band, respectively. The transmitter features 2.67 dBm and 12.65 dBm maximum output power at the expense of 21.2 mW and 69.5 mW power for 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz band, respectively.
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Zhu, Ming, Fei Liu, Zhiping Cai, and Ming Xu. "Maintaining Connectivity of MANETs through Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/952069.
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Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as relay platforms to maintain the connectivity of ground mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, when deploying UAVs, existing methods have not consider one situation that there are already some UAVs deployed in the field. In this paper, we study a problem jointing the motion control of existing UAVs and the deployment of new UAVs so that the number of new deployed UAVs to maintain the connectivity of ground MANETs can be minimized. We firstly formulate the problem as a Minimum Steiner Tree problem with Existing Mobile Steiner points under Edge Length Bound constraints (MST-EMSELB) and prove the NP completeness of this problem. Then we propose three Existing UAVs Aware (EUA) approximate algorithms for the MST-EMSELB problem: Deploy-Before-Movement (DBM), Move-Before-Deployment (MBD), and Deploy-Across-Movement (DAM) algorithms. Both DBM and MBD algorithm decouple the joint problem and solve the deployment and movement problem one after another, while DAM algorithm optimizes the deployment and motion control problem crosswise and solves these two problems simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate that all EUA algorithms have better performance than non-EUA algorithm. The DAM algorithm has better performance in all scenarios than MBD and DBM ones. Compared with DBM algorithm, the DAM algorithm can reduce at most 70% of the new UAVs number.
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Zheng, Chun-Yi, Wen-Jung Chiang, Yeong-Lin Lai, Edward Y. Chang, Shen-Li Chen, and K. B. Wang. "Characteristics of GaAs Power MESFETs with Double Silicon Ion Implantations for Wireless Communication Applications." Open Materials Science Journal 10, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01610010029.
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GaAs power metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) were fabricated using direct double silicon (Si) ion implantation technology for wireless communication applications. A 150-µm MESFET had a saturation drain current of 238 mA/mm after Si3N4passivation. A 15-mm MESFET, when measured under a class-AB condition with a biased drain voltage of 3.4 V and a quiescent drain current of 600 mA, delivered a maximum output power (Pout) of 31.1 dBm and a maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) of 58.0% at a frequency of 1.88 GHz. The MESFET exhibited aPoutof 29.2 dBm with a PAE of 45.0% at the 1-dB gain compression point. The MESFET, when measured under a deep class-B condition with a biased drain voltage of 4.7 V and a quiescent drain current of 50 mA, achieved a maximumPoutof 33.1 dBm and a maximum PAE of 55.9% at 1.88 GHz. The MESFET operating at 4.7 V and 1.88 GHz exhibited aP1dBof 31.8 dBm and an associated PAE of 47.1% at the 1-dB gain compression point. When tested by IS-95 code-division multiple access (CDMA) standard signals and biased at 4.7 V under the deep class-B condition, the MESFET with aPoutof 28 dBm demonstrated an adjacent channel power rejection (ACPR) of –31.2 dBc at +1.25 MHz apart from the 1.88 GHz center frequency and –45.7 dBc at +2.25 MHz.
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Agehara, Shinsuke, and Daniel I. Leskovar. "Growth Suppression by Exogenous Abscisic Acid and Uniconazole for Prolonged Marketability of Tomato Transplants in Commercial Conditions." HortScience 52, no. 4 (April 2017): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11518-16.
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Vegetable transplants grown in commercial high-density trays can quickly outgrow the optimal size for shipping and transplanting, limiting transplant performance, and marketing flexibility for commercial nurseries. Abscisic acid (ABA) and uniconazole can suppress shoot growth by inducing stress-adaptive responses and inhibiting gibberellin synthesis, respectively. We evaluated the effectiveness of the two growth regulators in prolonging marketability of ‘Florida 91’ and ‘Mariana’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) transplants at commercial nursery greenhouses in Texas and Florida. Spray treatments in the Texas experiment were 0 and 3.8 mm ABA at 7, 5, 3, or 1 days before maturity (DBM), and those in the Florida experiment were no spray control, 3.8 mm ABA at 7, 5, 3, or 1 DBM, and 34 μm uniconazole at 4 DBM. Both ABA and uniconazole showed minimal cultivar-specific effects. Different growth modifications were induced by ABA and uniconazole. First, suppression of stem elongation by ABA was reversible by 7 days after maturity (DAM), whereas that by uniconazole lasted for 20 days or until 16 DAM with up to 15% suppression in stem elongation. Second, only ABA inhibited leaf expansion and shoot dry matter accumulation. The primary growth-modulating effect of uniconazole was limited to height control, which is beneficial for producing compact transplants, rather than as a growth holding strategy. By contrast, the overall growth suppression by ABA is desirable for prolonging transplant marketability. Importantly, the magnitude of this growth suppression was moderate (up to 22% shoot biomass reduction at 8 DAM) and transient, followed by a rapid recovery. Furthermore, ABA caused relatively smaller inhibition in root growth, allowing sufficient root development and increasing the root-to-shoot ratio at 0 to 8 DAM. The growth suppression by ABA was maximal when it was applied at 7 to 5 DBM, indicating the age-dependent sensitivity of tomato seedlings to exogenous ABA. Although leaf chlorosis was induced by ABA in a similar age-dependent manner, it was transient and reversible by 7 DAM. These results suggest that ABA application 7 to 5 DBM is an effective growth holding strategy for tomato transplants.
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Fu, Ting Ting, Heather C. Kaplan, Trayce Fields, Alonzo T. Folger, Katelyn Gordon, and Brenda B. Poindexter. "Protein Enrichment of Donor Breast Milk and Impact on Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082869.
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Protein content is often inadequate in donor breast milk (DBM), resulting in poor growth. The use of protein-enriched target-pooled DBM (DBM+) has not been examined. We compared three cohorts of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, born ≤ 1500 g: DBM cohort receiving > 1-week target-pooled DBM (20 kcal/oz), MBM cohort receiving ≤ 1-week DBM, and DBM+ cohort receiving > 1-week DBM+. Infants followed a standardized feeding regimen with additional fortification per clinical discretion. Growth velocities and z-scores were calculated for the first 4 weeks (n = 69 for DBM, 71 for MBM, 70 for DBM+) and at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (n = 58, 64, 59, respectively). In total, 60.8% MBM infants received fortification >24 kcal/oz in the first 30 days vs. 78.3% DBM and 77.1% DBM+. Adjusting for SGA, length velocity was greater with DBM+ than DBM in week 1. Average weight velocity and z-score change were improved with MBM compared to DBM and DBM+, but length z-score decreased similarly across all groups. Incidences of NEC and feeding intolerance were unchanged between eras. Thus, baseline protein enrichment appears safe in stable VLBW infants. Weight gain is greatest with MBM. Linear growth comparable to MBM is achievable with DBM+, though the overall length trajectory remains suboptimal.
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Honsawek, Sittisak, Piyanuch Bumrungpanichthaworn, Voranuch Thanakit, Vachiraporn Kunrangseesomboon, Supamongkon Muchmee, Siriwimon Ratprasert, Pruksapon Tangchainavaphum, et al. "Osteoinductive potential of small intestinal submucosa/ demineralized bone matrix as composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0119.
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Abstract Background: Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is extensively used in orthopedic, periodontal, and maxillofacial application and investigated as a material to induce new bone formation. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) derived from the submucosa layer of porcine intestine has widely utilized as biomaterial with minimum immune response. Objectives: Determine the osteoinductive potential of SIS, DBM, SIS/DBM composites in the in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal bioassays for bone tissue engineering. Materials and methods: Human periosteal (HPO) cells were treated in the absence or presence SIS, DBM, and SIS/DBM. Cell proliferation was examined by direct cell counting. Osteoblast differentiation of the HPO cells was analyzed with alkaline phosphatase activity assay. The Wistar rat muscle implant model was used to evaluate the osteoinductive potential of SIS, DBM, and SIS/DBM composites. Results: HPO cells could differentiate along osteogenic lineage when treated with either DBM or SIS/DBM. SIS/ DBM had a tendency to promote more cellular proliferation and osteoblast differentiation than the other treatments. In Wistar rat bioassay, SIS showed no new bone formation and the implants were surrounded by fibrous tissues. DBM demonstrated new bone formation along the edge of old DBM particles. SIS/DBM composite exhibited high osteoinductivity, and the residual SIS/DBM was surrounded by osteoid-like matrix and newly formed bone. Conclusion: DBM and SIS/DBM composites could retain their osteoinductive capability. SIS/DBM scaffolds may provide an alternative approach for bone tissue engineering.
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Engle-Stone, Reina, Junjie Guo, Sanober Ismaily, O. Yaw Addo, Tahmeed Ahmed, Brietta Oaks, Parminder S. Suchdev, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Anne M. Williams. "Intraindividual double burden of overweight and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia among preschool children." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, Supplement_1 (August 1, 2020): 478S—487S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa101.
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ABSTRACT Background Child overweight prevalence is increasing globally, but micronutrient deficiencies persist. Objectives We aimed to 1) describe the prevalence and distribution of intraindividual double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined as coexistence of overweight or obesity (OWOB) and either micronutrient deficiencies or anemia, among preschool children; 2) assess the independence of DBM components, e.g., whether the prevalence of DBM is greater than what would be expected by chance; and 3) identify predictors of intraindividual DBM, to guide intervention targeting. Methods We analyzed data from 24 population-based surveys from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project (separately by survey; n = 226 to n = 7166). We defined intraindividual DBM as coexisting OWOB and ≥1 micronutrient deficiency [e.g., Micronutrient Deficiency Index (MDI) > 0; DBM-MDI] or anemia (DBM-Anemia). We assessed independence of DBM components with the Rao–Scott chi-square test and examined predictors of DBM and its components with logistic regression. Results DBM prevalence ranged from 0% to 9.7% (median: 2.5%, DBM-MDI; 1.4%, DBM-Anemia), reflecting a lower prevalence of OWOB (range: 0%–19.5%) than of micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, which exceeded 20% in most surveys. OWOB was generally not significantly associated with micronutrient deficiencies or anemia. In more than half of surveys, children 6–23 mo of age, compared with ≥24 mo, had greater adjusted odds of DBM-Anemia, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies. Child sex and household socioeconomic status, urban location, and caregiver education did not consistently predict DBM or its components. Conclusions Intraindividual DBM among preschool children was low but might increase as child OWOB increases. The analysis does not support the hypothesis that DBM components cluster within individuals, suggesting that population-level DBM may be addressed by programs to reduce DBM components without targeting individuals with DBM.
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Resca, Davide, Rafael Cignani, Corrado Florian, Andrea Biondi, and Francesco Scappaviva. "A Q/Ku-K band MMIC double-balanced subharmonic diode ring mixer for satellite communications in GaAs pHEMT technology." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 2 (May 14, 2014): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000695.
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A MMIC double-balanced subharmonic diode ring mixer was designed for broadband satellite communications exploiting a GaAs pHEMT process. The circuit implements the frequency conversion from Q (43.5–50 GHz) to Ku-K band (17–21.5 GHz). Besides the RF, LO, and IF baluns, the MMIC integrates a buffer amplifier for the local oscillator signal, which is designed between X and Ku bands (11–16.5 GHz), due to the subharmonic operation. The mixer measured conversion loss is between 8 and 12 dB along the bandwidth, with an LO power of 9 dBm. The input p1 dB and IP3 are 2 and 15 dBm, respectively. The balanced structure ensures an LO and 2 × LO leakages at the IF port lower than −25 and −35 dBm, respectively. Other spurious remain below −67 dBc. The chip dimensions are 2.4 × 2.4 mm2.
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Istantowi, Rizal Aji. "Analysis of the Effect of Tilting Antenna on the Coverage Area of ??the 4G LTE Network (Case Study of Trenggalek District)." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 9, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v9i4.154.
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4G LTE networks in big cities are already well available. Meanwhile, on small to medium-sized cities, the 4G LTE network is not evenly distributed and maximized. This study chooses the variable tilting antenna to the coverage area, because in sending information from a base station using an antenna. The average RSRP value (dBm) of the existing base station in the calculation with a distance of 200 m is -122.90 dBm, a distance of 500 m is -136.79 dBm, and a distance of 1000 m -147.30 dBm. Meanwhile, in the simulation with a distance of 200 m of -108.22 dBm, a distance of 500 m of -121.81 dBm, and a distance of 1000 m of -132.69 dBm. The coverage area value of the existing base station in the calculation is 5.29%, while in the simulation it is 11.18%. The average RSRP value (dBm) at optimal conditions for calculations at a distance of 200 m is -80.13 dBm, at a distance of 500 m is -94.03 dBm and at a distance of 1000 m is -104.56 dBm. Meanwhile, the simulation at a distance of 200 m is -98.09 dBm, at a distance of 500 m is -112.79 dBm and at a distance of 1000 m is -123.31 dBm. The value of the coverage area for the calculation is 20.32%, while for the simulation it is 15.01%. The current need for base stations in Trenggalek District that has been met is 68%.
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Devi, Rachna, Marikumar Rajendran, Kasturi Singh, Raksha Pal, and Sivakumar Vaidyanathan. "Smart luminescent molecular europium complexes and their versatile applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 20 (2021): 6618–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01049b.
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A series of smart luminescent Eu(iii) complexes (C1 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 1, C2 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 2, C3 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 3, C4 = Eu(DBM)3 ligand 4, C5 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 5) were synthesized by using C1-functionalized phenanthro-imidazole derivatives as the neutral ligands and dibenzoylmethanate (DBM) as the anionic ligand.
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Merlino-Barr, Stephanie, and Sharon Groh-Wargo. "Donor Breast Milk for the Preterm Infant: Your Questions Answered!" Neonatal Network 38, no. 1 (January 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.38.1.7.
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Expressed breast milk (EBM) is the gold standard of infant nutrition, but is not always available for use for preterm infants in the NICU setting. Donor breast milk (DBM) is often a preferred alternative for preterm and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants when maternal milk is not available. This article discusses the composition of DBM, reviews its advantages compared to formula, discusses challenges related to its long-term use, and identifies strategies to utilize DBM in the context of total nutritional management of preterm and VLBW infants. We will use a framework of WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and WHY to answer the questions: who gets DBM, why use DBM, where does DBM come from, what is in DBM, and when may DBM use be challenged.
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Du, Xuekun, Chang Jiang You, Yulong Zhao, Xiang Li, Mohamed Helaoui, Jingye Cai, and Fadhel M. Ghannouchi. "Wideband high-efficiency linearized PA design with reduction in memory effects and IMD3." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000417.
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ABSTRACTAn analytical method is proposed to reduce the memory effects and third-order intermodulation distortions for improving the linearity of wideband power amplifier (PA). An excellent linearity can be obtained by reducing the second-harmonic output power levels and reducing the envelope voltage components in the megahertz range. An improved wideband Chebyshev low-pass matching network including the bias network is analyzed and designed to validate the proposed method. The measured results indicate that a wideband high-efficiency linearized PA is realized from 1.35 to 2.45 GHz (fractional bandwidth = 58%) with power added efficiency of 60–78%, power gain of 10.8–12.3 dB, and output power of 40.0–41.2 dBm. For a 20 MHz LTE modulated signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratios (ACLRs) of the proposed PA with digital pre-distortion (DPD) linearization are −55.7 ~ −53.9 dBc across 1.5–2.4 GHz at an average output power of 32.4–33.6 dBm. For a 40 MHz two-carrier LTE modulated signal, the ACLRs of the proposed PA with DPD linearization are −51.1 ~ −48.2 dBc at an average output power of ~30.5 dBm in the frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 2.4 GHz.
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Wang, Yu, Jingnan Wang, Xiaofeng Xia, and Gang Wu. "Functional Identification of Px-fringe and Px-engrailed Genes under Heat Stress in Chlorpyrifos-Resistant and -Susceptible Plutela xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Insects 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050287.
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In our previous research, the fitness cost of resistance of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella found in insecticide-resistant DBM (Rc-DBM) under heat stress was based on heavier damage to wing veins when compared to insecticide-susceptible DBM (Sm-DBM). To investigate the molecular mechanism of the damage to the veins between Rc- and Sm-DBM, the full-length sequences of two related genes involved in the development of wing veins, fringe (Px-fng) and engrailed (Px-en) of DBM were cloned, and the mRNA expressions of both Px-fng and Px-en were studied. The Px-fng and Px-en cDNA contained 1038 bp and 1152 bp of open reading frames (ORFs), respectively, which encoded a putative protein comprising 345 and 383 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 39.59 kDa and 42.69 kDa. Significantly down regulated expressions of Px-fng and Px-en under heat stress were found in pupae and adults of Rc-DBM compared to Sm-DBM, and a result of higher damage to wing veins in Rc-DBM under heat stress. Based on RNAi experiments, significant inhibitions on expressions of Px-fng and Px-en in both Sm-DBM and Rc-DBM were found when the pupae were infected by dsFng or dsEn. Corresponding to these, infections of dsFng or dsEn resulted in significant decrease of eclosion rate and increase malformation rate of DBM. Our results suggest that the higher damage of wing veins in DBM might be related to the heavier inhibitions of Px-fng and Px-en expression, and the Px-fng and Px-en are involved in the development of wings and veins.
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Lee, Eun Soo, Mi-Hye Kwon, Hong Min Kim, Nami Kim, You Mi Kim, Hyeon Soo Kim, Eun Young Lee, and Choon Hee Chung. "Dibenzoylmethane ameliorates lipid-induced inflammation and oxidative injury in diabetic nephropathy." Journal of Endocrinology 240, no. 2 (February 2019): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-18-0206.
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Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) is a beta-diketone analog of curcumin. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of curcumin on diabetes, obesity and diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy. Recently, we investigated the beneficial metabolic effects of DBM on high-fat diet-induced obesity. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of DBM in the kidney are currently unknown. To investigate the renoprotective effects of DBM in type 2 diabetes, we administered DBM (100 mg/kg) orally for 12 weeks to high-fat diet-induced diabetic model mice. We used mouse renal mesangial (MES13) and macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells to examine the mechanism of action of DBM (20 μM). After DBM treatment, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly decreased compared to that of the high-fat-diet group. Moreover, damaged renal ultra-structures and functions including increased glomerular volume, glomerular basement membrane thickness and inflammatory signals were ameliorated after DBM treatment. Stimulation of MES13 and RAW264.7 cells by palmitate or high-dose glucose with lipopolysaccharides increased inflammatory signals and macrophage migration. However, these changes were reversed by DBM treatment. In addition, DBM inhibited NADPH oxidase 2 and 4 expression and oxidative DNA damage. Collectively, these data suggested that DBM prevented diabetes-induced renal injury through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Chen, Hua-Pin, Shih-Jun Chen, and Chih-Yang Chang. "Synthesis of High-Input Impedance Electronically Tunable Voltage-Mode Second-Order Low-Pass, Band-Pass, and High-Pass Filters Based on LT1228 Integrated Circuits." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 9379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239379.
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This paper introduces two new high-input impedance electronically tunable voltage-mode (VM) multifunction second-order architectures with band-pass (BP), low-pass (LP), and high-pass (HP) filters. Both proposed architectures have one input and five outputs, implemented employing three commercial LT1228 integrated circuits (ICs), two grounded capacitors, and five resistors. Both proposed architectures also feature one high-impedance input port and three low-impedance output ports for easy connection to other VM configurations without the need for VM buffers. The two proposed VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters simultaneously provide BP, LP, and HP filter transfer functions at Vo1, Vo2, and Vo3 output terminals. The pole angular frequencies and the quality factors of the two proposed VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters can be electronically and orthogonally adjusted by the bias currents from their corresponding commercial LT1228 ICs, and can be independently adjusted in special cases. In addition, both proposed VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters have two independent gain-controlled BP and LP filter transfer functions at Vo4 and Vo5 output terminals, respectively. Based on the three commercial LT1228 ICs and several passive components, simulations and experimental measurements are provided to verify the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the performance of the two proposed high-input impedance electronically tunable VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters. The measured input 1-dB power gain compression point (P1dB), third-order IMD (IMD3), third-order intercept (TOI) point, and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the first proposed filter were −7.1 dBm, −48.84 dBc, 4.133 dBm, and 45.02 dBc, respectively. The measured input P1dB, IMD3, TOI, and SFDR of the second proposed filter were −7 dBm, −49.65 dBc, 4.316 dBm, and 45.88 dBc, respectively. Both proposed filters use a topology synthesis method based on the VM second-order non-inverting/inverting HP filter transfer functions to generate the BP, LP and HP filter transfer functions simultaneously, making them suitable for applications in three-way crossover networks.
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Ismemet, Yogi, Sutoyo Sutoyo, Teddy Purnamirza, and Mulyono Mulyono. "Analisis Perbandingan Kualitas Sinyal 4G LTE Pada Beberapa Provider." INTECOMS: Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/intecoms.v5i1.3632.
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Komunikasi seluler 4G LTE berkembang sangat pesat, untuk itu diperlukan kualitas jaringan yang baik dalam mendukung komunikasi. Salah satu metode menentukan kualitas sinyal 4G LTE adalah dengan melakukan drive test. Pada penelitian ini Drive test digunakan untuk menganalisis kualitas sinyal 4G LTE dari beberapa provider di lokasi pengukuran kampus UIN Suska Riau dengan Parameter yang diukur ialah RSRP, RSRQ, SNR dan RSSI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa provider yang terbaik adalah provider E dengan RSRP 88,3 dBm, RSRQ -12,3 dB, SNR 12,3 dB dan RSSI -54,6 dBm. Yang kedua provider A dengan RSRP -84 dBm, RSRQ -13 dB, SNR 11,3 dB dan RSSI -54,3 dBm. Yang ketiga provider C dengan RSRP -88,3 dBm, RSRQ-11,3 dB, SNR 6,6 dB, dan RSSI -59,6 dBm. Yang keempat provider D dengan RSRP 101,6 dBm, RSRQ -12 dB, SNR 4,3 dB, dan RSSI -68,3 dBm. Dan yang kelima provider B dengan RSRP -100,6 dBm, RSRQ -14,3 dB, SNR 1,6 dB, dan RSSI 65dBm.
Kata kunci: 4G LTE, RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, dan RSSI.
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Chen, Xin Rui, and Guang Yong Chu. "10 Gb/s Bidirectional Transmission with an Optimized SOA and a SOA-EAM Based ONU." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 8960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248960.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the application of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an SOA electro-absorption modulator (SOA-EAM) as attractive, low-cost solutions in passive optical networks (PONs). The main characteristics of an SOA with optimal performance for phase and amplitude modulation were tested. Additionally, a 10 Gb/s bidirectional transmission with an optical network unit (ONU) transmitter integrated with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser, electro-absorption modulator (EAM), and SOA was designed. The upstream (US) and downstream (DS) receiver sensitivities at the forward error correction (FEC) level reached −29.5 dBm and −33.5 dBm for back-to-back (BtB) fiber and −28.9 dBm and −33.1 dBm for 20 km fiber. For multichannel transmission, the US receiver sensitivities reached −28.8 dBm and −28.2 dBm for BtB and 20 km fibers, and the DS receiver sensitivities reached −33 dBm and −32.6 dBm for BtB and 20 km fibers, respectively.
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Oh, Sungjae, Eunjoo Yoo, Hansik Oh, Hyungmo Koo, Jaekyung Shin, Keum Cheol Hwang, Kang-Yoon Lee, and Youngoo Yang. "Frequency Selective Degeneration for 6–18 GHz GaAs pHEMT Broadband Power Amplifier Integrated Circuit." Electronics 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101588.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a frequency selective degeneration technique using a parallel network with a resistor and capacitor is proposed for a 6–18 GHz GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) broadband power amplifier integrated circuit (PAIC). The proposed degeneration network is applied to the source of the transistor to flatten the frequency response of the transistor in conjunction with feedback and resistor biasing circuits. An almost uniform frequency response was achieved at the wide frequency band through optimizing the values of the capacitor and resistor for the degeneration circuit. Single-section matching networks for small chip sizes were adopted for the two-stage amplifier following the flat frequency characteristics of the degenerated transistor. The proposed broadband PAIC for the 6 to 18 GHz band was fabricated using a 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMT process and had a chip size of 1.03 × 0.87 mm2. The PAIC exhibited gain of 15 dB to 17.2 dB, output power of 20.5 dBm to 22.1 dBm, and linear output power of 11.9 dBm to 13.45 dBm, which satisfies the IMD3 of −30 dBc in the 6–18 GHz band. Flatness for the gain and output power was achieved as ±1.1 dB and ±0.8 dB, respectively.
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ESWARAN, U., H. RAMIAH, J. KANESAN, and A. W. REZA. "DESIGN OF WIDEBAND LTE POWER AMPLIFIER WITH NOVEL DUAL STAGE LINEARIZER FOR MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 08 (June 18, 2014): 1450111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614501114.
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In this paper, a 1 mm × 1 mm fully integrated wideband dual-stage power amplifier (PA) for long-term evolution (LTE) band 1 (1920–1980 MHz) is presented. Fabricated in a 2 μm InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process, the operating gain is observed to be 31.3 dB. The PA meets the minimum adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) requirement of -30 dBc for LTE with 20 MHz wide channel bandwidth up to an output power of 30 dBm with the aid of a novel dual stage linearizer. Biased at low quiescent current of less than 100 mA with a headroom consumption of 3.5 V, the power added efficiency (PAE) is observed to be 38.29% at 30 dBm. With this high linear output power, the stringent requirement of antenna path loss is nullified. PA serves to be the first reported work to achieve 30 dBm linear output power at supply voltage of 3.5 V.
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Shabbir, Muhammad Zeeshan, Ling He, Changlong Shu, Fei Yin, Jie Zhang, and Zhen-Yu Li. "Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis." Toxins 13, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13030227.
Full textAbstract:
Concerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.), the most destructive pest of Brassica vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bt GO33A) combined with chlorantraniliprole (Chl) has not been documented. Here, we examined single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bt to assess the levels of resistance in four DBM strains. Additionally, enzyme activities were tested in field-original highly resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), chlorantraniliprole-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + chlorantraniliprole-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains. The Bt product had the highest toxicity to all four DBM strains followed by the mixture of insecticides (Bt + Chl) and chlorantraniliprole. Synergism between Bt and chlorantraniliprole was observed; the combination of Bt + (Bt + Chl) (1:1, LC50:LC50) was the most toxic, showing a synergistic effect against all four DBM strains with a poison ratio of 1.35, 1.29, 1.27, and 1.25. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxyl-esterase (CarE) activities showed positive correlations with chlorantraniliprole resistance, but no correlation was observed with resistance to Bt and Bt + Chl insecticides. Expression of genes coding for PxGST, CarE, AChE, and MFO using qRT-PCR showed that the PxGST and MFO were significantly overexpressed in Bt-DBM. However, AChE and CarE showed no difference in the four DBM strains. Mixtures of Bt with chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic effects and may aid the design of new combinations of pesticides to delay resistance in DBM strains substantially.
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Tasker, R. A. R., and K. Nakatsu. "Metabolism and disposition of 3,6-dibutanoylmorphine in rat brain." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-197.
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In previous studies from this laboratory it was found that dibutanoylmorphine (DBM) was more potent than morphine as an analgesic in rats and that it was less active than acetyl esters of morphine on behaviour. As DBM is a morphine prodrug, the aim of this work was to determine if rat brain homogenates were capable of deacylating DBM and monobutanoylmorphine (MBM) and to determine relative proportions of parent drug to metabolites in the brain in vivo. In 10% (w/v) brain homogenates, DBM was eliminated with a half-life of about 70 min (corrected for dilution), while MBM was eliminated 10 times as quickly. DBM and its metabolites were found in both blood and brain as early as 1 min after i.v. administration of DBM. After 5 min, the predominant form in blood was MBM and in brain it was DBM. Thus, rat brain possesses the capacity to metabolize DBM by deesterification and the parent drug, MBM, and morphine were found in blood and brain in vivo.
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Seo, Seog Jin, Seok Beom Song, Ji Hwa Chae, Jin Young Kim, Jae Hyoung Ahn, Tae Woon Kim, Ho Chan Hwang, et al. "Hydroxyl Groups in Demineralized Bone Matrix." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.381.
Full textAbstract:
Human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) containing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is naturally biocompatible and can be remodeled by patients’ own bone. The major shortcoming of many of the currently used DBM gel formulations is that they have a tendency to flow, particularly if there is continuous bleeding at the application site. In this study, the physicochemical properties of human DBM were examined to improve the efficiency of DBM formulations. DBM remarkably showed higher water absorption than nondemineralized bone powder after 150 min. Hydroxyl groups in DBM appeared in fourier transform infrared analysis, although hydroxyl band in nondemineralized bone powder was not observed. The results suggested that hydrogels such as CMC, hyaluronic acid, or poloxamer as carriers can be applied for injectable DBM products, such as gel or putty types.
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Xiao, Guo Yong, Ying Wang, Hai Jun Chi, Yun Hua Lu, Ying Qian Xu, Jun Yi Hu, Zhi Zhi Hu, and Qiu Bai Sun. "Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Iridium(III) Complex with Cyclometalated Styrylbenzothiazole Ligand." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.342.
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New red phosphorescent material, (E)-2-(4-fluorostyryl) benzo [d] thiazole (4-FSBT) iridium (III) dibenzoylmethane (DBM) complex [(4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM)] is synthesized from 2-methyl benzothiazole, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, iridium trichloride anhydrate and DBM. The complex is characterized by MS and 1H-NMR. (4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM) gives a photoluminescence at 625.8nm, phosphorescent quantum yield: Φ(4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM) = 0.2 and EHOMO = -4.7 eV, ELUMO = -2.5eV, respectively. The complex may be a promising electrophosphorescent material.
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Ji, Xue Zhen, Hui Jun Liu, and Li Li Wang. "Inclusion Complex of Dibenzoylmethane with β-Cyclodextrin." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1879.
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The inclusion complex of dibenzoylmathane(DBM)with β-cyclodextrin(β-CD)was studied. UV-spectrophotometer was used to investigate the complexation behaviour in liquid medium, and to demonstrate that the DBM aqueous solubility increased 7.27times due to complexation with β-CD and the inclusion rate of DBM was high to 95.92 percent and the drug-loading constant is also high to 37.86ug/g. Solid samples prepared by solution-agitating method. FT-IR was employed to assess the formation of the inclusion complex. Dissolution analysis indicated that dissolution properties of DBM/β-CD complex were superior compared to both pure DBM and the corresponding physical mixture of DBM and β-CD.
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Takano-Yamamoto, T., M. Kawakami, and M. Sakuda. "Effect of a Pulsing Electromagnetic Field on Demineralized Bone-matrix-induced Bone Formation in a Bony Defect in the Premaxilla of Rats." Journal of Dental Research 71, no. 12 (December 1992): 1920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710121301.
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A 2-mm non-healing bony defect was prepared in the premaxilla of male Wistar rats weighing about 180 g as a simulation of an alveolar cleft, for determination of whether a pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) could promote regeneration of bone induced by demineralized bone matrix (DBM). The defect was either treated with 7 mg DBM or was left as a non-grafted control. The rats were exposed to a PEMF with a frequency of 100 Hz, a 10-ms-wide burst with 100 μswide quasi-rectangular pulses, repeating at 15 Hz, and magnetic field strength of 1.5-1.8 G. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly from day 7 in the DBM-graft-plus-PEMF group and from day 10 in the DBM-graft group, reaching a maximum on day 14. A greater-than-two-fold rise in alkaline phosphatase activity and a three-fold rise in the amount of 45Ca incorporation in the DBM-graft-plus-PEMF group were attained compared with those of the DBM-graft group. The DBM-graft-plus-PEMF group produced more bone with almost complete osseous bridging in the defect sites than did the group treated with DBM only on day 35. The fmdings indicate that PEMF had an enhancing effect on the bone-inductive properties of the DBM through the stimulation of osteoblast differentiation induced by DBM.
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Williams, Anne M., Junjie Guo, O. Yaw Addo, Sanober Ismaily, Sorrel M. L. Namaste, Brietta M. Oaks, Fabian Rohner, et al. "Intraindividual double burden of overweight or obesity and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia among women of reproductive age in 17 population-based surveys." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, Supplement_1 (August 1, 2020): 468S—477S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa118.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background Rising prevalence of overweight/obesity (OWOB) alongside persistent micronutrient deficiencies suggests many women face concomitant OWOB and undernutrition. Objectives We aimed to 1) describe the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among nonpregnant women of reproductive age, defined as intraindividual OWOB and either ≥1 micronutrient deficiency [micronutrient deficiency index (MDI) > 0; DBM-MDI] or anemia (DBM-anemia); 2) test whether the components of the DBM were independent; and 3) identify factors associated with DBM-MDI and DBM-anemia. Methods With data from 17 national surveys spanning low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project (n = 419 to n = 9029), we tested independence of over- and undernutrition using the Rao–Scott chi-square test and examined predictors of the DBM and its components using logistic regression for each survey. Results Median DBM-MDI was 21.9% (range: 1.6%–39.2%); median DBM-anemia was 8.6% (range: 1.0%–18.6%). OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia were independent in most surveys. Where associations existed, OWOB was negatively associated with micronutrient deficiencies and anemia in LMICs. In 1 high-income country, OWOB women were more likely to experience micronutrient deficiencies and anemia. Age was consistently positively associated with OWOB and the DBM, whereas the associations with other sociodemographic characteristics varied. Higher socioeconomic status tended to be positively associated with OWOB and the DBM in LMICs, whereas in higher-income countries the association was reversed. Conclusions The independence of OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia within individuals suggests that these forms of over- and undernutrition may have unique etiologies. Decision-makers should still consider the prevalence, consequences, and etiology of the individual components of the DBM as programs move towards double-duty interventions aimed at addressing OWOB and undernutrition simultaneously.
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Verboket, René D., Tanja Irrle, Yannic Busche, Alexander Schaible, Katrin Schröder, Jan C. Brune, Ingo Marzi, Christoph Nau, and Dirk Henrich. "Fibrous Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) Improves Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell (BMC)-Supported Bone Healing in Large Femoral Bone Defects in Rats." Cells 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051249.
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Regeneration of large bone defects is a major objective in trauma surgery. Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMC)-supported bone healing was shown to be efficient after immobilization on a scaffold. We hypothesized that fibrous demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in various forms with BMCs is superior to granular DBM. A total of 65 male SD rats were assigned to five treatment groups: syngenic cancellous bone (SCB), fibrous demineralized bone matrix (f-DBM), fibrous demineralized bone matrix densely packed (f-DBM 120%), DBM granules (GDBM) and DBM granules 5% calcium phosphate (GDBM5%Ca2+). BMCs from donor rats were combined with different scaffolds and placed into 5 mm femoral bone defects. After 8 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanical stability and histology were assessed. Similar biomechanical properties of f-DBM and SCB defects were observed. Similar bone and cartilage formation was found in all groups, but a significantly bigger residual defect size was found in GDBM. High bone healing scores were found in f-DBM (25) and SCB (25). The application of DBM in fiber form combined with the application of BMCs shows promising results comparable to the gold standard, syngenic cancellous bone. Denser packing of fibers or higher amount of calcium phosphate has no positive effect.
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Masykuroh, Kholidiyah, Imam Muhammadi Pradono Budi, and Retno Agustias. "Analisis Konfigurasi Repeater-ed dengan Penguat EDFA pada Jaringan Sistem Komunikasi Kabel Laut (SKKL) Link Jawa (Surabay) – Makassar Menggunakan Optisystem." Journal of Telecommunication, Electronics, and Control Engineering (JTECE) 3, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/jtece.v3i2.350.
Full textAbstract:
Sistem Komunikasi Kabel Laut (SKKL) digunakan untuk menyediakan koneksi internet antar pulau di Indonesia. Karena jarak jangkauan yang sangat jauh, pada SKKL menggunakan fiber optik dengan menerapkan DWDM. Salah satu konfigurasi penguatan yang digunakan pada SKKL yaitu konfigurasi repeater-ed. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai performa SKKL pada link Surabaya-Makassar dengan jarak 869 Km. Jenis konfigurasi yang diterapkan adalah repeater-ed. Jenis penguat yang digunakan adalah EDFA. Link Surabaya – Makassar dipilih sebagai wilayah penelitian karena padatnya kebutuhan koneksi internetnya. Link ini memiliki. Jarak tempuh yang jauh, semakin jauh jarak tempuh tentu menyebabkan penurunan daya. Pemodelan simulasi dilakukan dengan konfigurasi menggunakan penguat atau dikenal sebagai repeater-ed. Selain itu, simulasi menggunakan 30 kanal dan spasi kanal 80 GHz. Lima variasi Daya Pengirim dengan nilai selisih antar daya sebesar 2 dBm. Kelima variasi Daya Pengirim () tersebut adalah -2 dBm, 0 dBm, 2 dBm, 4 dBm, dan 6 dBm. Parameter yang digunakan meliputi: BER, Q-Factor, Daya Penerima (), dan SNR. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa seluruh kanal memiliki kinerja yang baik karena hasil atau nilai sudah memenuhi bahkan ada beberapa yang mendekati nilai standar yang telah ditentukan. Akan tetapi pada daya 6 dBm mengalami nilai BER yang sangat tinggi. Nilai rata-rata terbaik didapatkan pada variasi Daya Pengirim = 2 dBm dan = 4 dBm.
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Zhu, Chen, Huang, Wang, and Yu. "A High-Efficiency K-band MMIC Linear Amplifier Using Diode Compensation." Electronics 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050487.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the design and measured performance of a high-efficiency and linearity-enhanced K-band MMIC amplifier fabricated with a 0.15 μm GaAs pHEMT processing technology. The linearization enhancement method utilizing a parallel nonlinear capacitance compensation diode was analyzed and verified. The three-stage MMIC operating at 20–22 GHz obtained an improved third-order intermodulation ratio (IM3) of 20 dBc at a 27 dBm per carrier output power while demonstrating higher than a 27 dB small signal gain and 1-dB compression point output power of 30 dBm with 33% power added efficiency (PAE). The chip dimension was 2.00 mm × 1.40 mm.
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Soth, Sereyboth, Travis R. Glare, John G. Hampton, Stuart D. Card, and Jenny J. Brookes. "Biological Control of Diamondback Moth—Increased Efficacy with Mixtures of Beauveria Fungi." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030646.
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Diamondback moth (DBM) is an important horticultural pest worldwide as the larvae of these moths feed on the leaves of cruciferous vegetables. As DBM has developed resistance to more than 100 classes of synthetic insecticides, new biological control options are urgently required. Beauveria species are entomopathogenic fungi recognized as the most important fungal genus for controlling a wide range of agricultural, forestry, and veterinary arthropod pests. Previous research, aimed at developing new Beauveria-based biopesticides for DBM, has focused on screening single isolates of Beauveria bassiana. However, these fungal isolates have individual requirements, which may limit their effectiveness in some environments. This current study separately assessed 14 Beauveria isolates, from a range of habitats and aligned to four different species (Beauveria bassiana, B. caledonica, B. malawiensis, and B. pseudobassiana), to determine the most effective isolate for the control of DBM. Further assays then assessed whether selected combinations of these fungal isolates could increase the overall efficacy against DBM. Six Beauveria isolates (three B. bassiana and three B. pseudobassiana) achieved high DBM mortality at a low application rate with the first documented report of B. pseudobassiana able to kill 100% of DBM larvae. Further research determined that applications of low-virulent Beauveria isolates improved the control of DBM compared to mixtures containing high-virulent isolates. This novel approach increased the DBM pest mortality and shortened the time to kill.
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Prayitno Fidiantoro and Puspa Kurniasari. "Perancangan Optical Power Meter Berbasis Microcontroller Arduino Pada Pengukuran Daya Fiber Optic." Jurnal Rekayasa Elektro Sriwijaya 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jres.v1i2.13.
Full textAbstract:
Dalam sistem komunikasi fiber optic, kualitas jaringan menjadi fokus utama untuk menghadirkan jenis layanan yang baik pula. Pengukuran daya sinyal memiliki peranan sangat penting dalam sebuah perancangan sistem komunikasi fiber optic. Maka dari itu, penting untuk mengetahui besarnya daya optis yang terjadi dalam kabel fiber optic. Daya optis dapat diukur dengan menggunakan Optical Power Meter pada sisi receiver. Namun harga optical power meter komersil di pasaran masih terbilang cukup mahal.Untuk itu dilakukan perancangan optical power meter yang lebih efisien dan murah menggunakan microcontroller arduino sebagai pemroses data dengan prinsip perubahan besaran arus pada photodiode menjadi tegangan pada rangkaian OP07. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan perancangan dan perakitan pada print circuit board (pcb) menggunakan sensor photodiode FGA01FC sebagai sensor cahaya dan penggunaan resistor 90 Ω, 900,01 Ω, 9000,9 Ω, 90090,9 Ω, 909090,9 Ω, dan 10 MΩ untuk mendapatkan nilai tegangan. Didapat hasil 0,256 V sampai 2,56 V pada resistor 9000,9 Ω untuk input daya -5 dBm sampai -15 dBm. Untuk input daya -15 dBm hingga -25 dBm digunakan resistor dengan nilai 90090,9 Ω dengan hasil tegangan 0,25 V sampai 2,53 V. Untuk input daya - 25 dBm sampai -35 dBm menghasilkan 0,26 V sampai 2,58 V pada penggunaan resistor 909090,9Ω, dan terakhir untuk input -35 dBm sampai -45 dBm menggunakan resistor 10 MΩ menghasilkan tegangan 0,308 V sampai 2,84 V. Nilai-nilai tersebut sesuai dengan tegangan kerja pada rangkaian arduino yaitu dari 0,2 V sampai 5 V. Sehingga optical power meter dapat mengukur dari rentang 0 dBm sampai -50 dBm.
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Drillet, Frédéric, Jérôme Loraine, Hassan Saleh, Imene Lahbib, Brice Grandchamp, Lucas Iogna-Prat, Insaf Lahbib, Ousmane Sow, Albert Kumar, and Gregory U'Ren. "RF Small and large signal characterization of a 3D integrated GaN/RF-SOI SPST switch." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 13, no. 6 (February 24, 2021): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078721000076.
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AbstractThis paper presents the radio frequency (RF) measurements of an SPST switch realized in gallium nitride (GaN)/RF-SOI technology compared to its GaN/silicon (Si) equivalent. The samples are built with an innovative 3D heterogeneous integration technique. The RF switch transistors are GaN-based and the substrate is RF-SOI. The insertion loss obtained is below 0.4 dB up to 30 GHz while being 1 dB lower than its GaN/Si equivalent. This difference comes from the vertical capacitive coupling reduction of the transistor to the substrate. This reduction is estimated to 59% based on a RC network model fitted to S-parameters measurements. In large signal, the linearity study of the substrate through coplanar waveguide transmission line characterization shows the reduction of the average power level of H2 and H3 of 30 dB up to 38 dBm of input power. The large signal characterization of the SPST shows no compression up to 38 dBm and the H2 and H3 rejection levels at 38 dBm are respectively, 68 and 75 dBc.
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Hikmaturokhman, Alfin, Wahyu Pamungkas, and Pambayun Ikrar Setyawan. "Analisis Perhitungan Cakupan Sinyal Sistem Wcdma Pada Area Kampus Akademi Teknik Telekomunikasi Sandhy Putra Purwokerto." JURNAL INFOTEL - Informatika Telekomunikasi Elektronika 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2013): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v5i1.110.
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Perkembangan industri wireless saat ini mengalami kemajuan sangat pesat. Teknologi 3G yang ditetapkan oleh ITU akan berperan sangat penting dan semakin dominan dalam perkembangan teknologi komunikasi. Dengan berkembangnya jumlah pelanggan selular WCDMA dipastikan membutuhkan juga cakupan jaringan di dalam sebuah area, baik di dalam ruangan maupun di luar ruangan. Pembahasan berupa studi kasus mengenai analisa cakupan sinyal sistem WCDMA pada sebuah area. Yang paling berpengaruh dalam penelitian ini adalah Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) dan Received Signal Code Power (RSCP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil perhitungan EIRP adalah 58 dBm dan RSCP -117,73 dBm. Selanjutnya, hasil drive test menunjukan pada bagian outdor lantai 1 diperoleh hasil sebesar -90 dBm, sedangkan untuk bagian indoornya yaitu -99 dBm. Untuk bagian outdoor lantai 2 nilainya -95 dBm dan bagian indoor-nya yaitu -100 dBm
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Cicilia, Siska, Eko Basuki, Agustono Prarudiyanto, Ahmad Alamsyah, and Dody Handito. "PENGARUH TEPUNG KENTANG HITAM SEBAGAI PENSUBSTITUSI TERIGU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DONAT." Pro Food 8, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/profood.v8i1.231.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik donat berbahan terigu yang disubstitusi dengan kentang hitam. Kentang hitam memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup lengkap berupa karbohidrat, vitamin C, dan mineral. Penelitian menggunakan RAL satu faktor dan metode eksperimental. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung kentang hitam (D) yaitu DB1 (100%:0%), DB2(90%:10%), DB3 (80%:20%), DB4 (70%:30%), DB5 (60%:40%), dan DB6 (50%:50%). Parameter yang diamati berupa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan sifat sensoris. Data dianalisis dengan Anova pada taraf 5% dan diuji lanjut menggunakan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin banyak substitusi terigu dengan kentang hitam menurunkan kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, dan tingkat kesukaan donat tetapi meningkatkan kadar lemak. Susbtitusi kentang hitam sebanyak 20% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan karakteristik berupa kadar air 24,7%; kadar abu 1,9%; kadar protein 6,4%; kadar lemak 26,2% dan sifat sensoris yang dapat diterima oleh panelis.
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Nelson, Kyle T., and Joseph R. Prohaska. "Copper deficiency in rodents alters dopamine β-mono-oxygenase activity, mRNA and protein level." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 1 (December 15, 2008): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508162961.
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Cu is an essential cofactor for at least twelve mammalian enzymes including dopamine β-mono-oxygenase (DBM), which converts dopamine (DA) to noradrenaline (NA). Previous studies reported that certain Cu-deficient (Cu−) rat tissues have lower NA and higher DA than Cu-adequate (Cu+) tissues, suggesting that DBM function was impaired. However, in vitro studies suggested that DBM activity is higher in Cu− tissue. Experiments were conducted on adrenal glands (AG), medulla oblongata/pons (MO), vas deferens (VD) and heart (HT) from a single rat experiment to provide data to help clarify this puzzling contradiction. In vitro DBM activity assays showed Cu− samples had significantly higher activity than Cu+ samples in both AG and MO, but not VD. Activity data were confirmed by Western immunoblots. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated higher DBM mRNA in Cu− tissues but unaltered levels of several other cuproenzymes and Cu-binding proteins. Previous pharmacological data implied that high DBM was associated with low NA. HPLC analyses confirmed that NA and DA levels in Cu− MO, VD and HT were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than in Cu+ tissues. However, the NA content of AG was not statistically lower. Furthermore there was no correlation between higher DBM mRNA and lower NA in four Cu−tissues. Adequate dietary Cu is essential to support DBM function in vivo but additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism for increased DBM transcription associated with Cu deficiency.
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de Juras, Aileen Rodil, Wan-Chen Hsu, Yu-Yao Cheng, Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku, Tsung Yu, Cheau-Jane Peng, and Susan C. Hu. "Sex Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adults and Their Associations with the Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Population-Based National Survey in the Philippines." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 3495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173495.
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A dietary pattern transition is a risk factor for the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), but related information is limited. This study aimed to identify sex differences in dietary patterns of adults in a low–middle income country and to examine their association with DBM. A total of 8957 adults (4465 men and 4492 non-pregnant and non-lactating women) who participated in the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were formulated to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and DBM. The factor analysis derived seven dietary patterns for males and six patterns for females. Results showed that approximately 30% of Filipino adults suffered from DBM. The rice pattern was associated with lower odds of DBM for males only. The meat and sugar pattern in males and the protein-rich foods, cereal, and sugar pattern in females decreased DBM likelihood. An inverse relationship was observed for the vegetables and corn patterns, wherein females had an increased risk for DBM. Our findings suggest that rice-based and meat-containing patterns could play protective roles in DBM development among adults in the Philippines. Understanding sex-specific dietary patterns can be utilized to guide public health nutrition interventions in the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms.
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de Juras, Aileen R., Wan-Chen Hsu, and Susan C. Hu. "Prevalence and Determinants of the Co-Occurrence of Overweight or Obesity and Micronutrient Deficiencies among Adults in the Philippines: Results from a National Representative Survey." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072339.
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The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) affects many low- and middle-income countries. However, few studies have examined DBM at the individual level, or undernutrition and overnutrition co-occurring within the same person. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of DBM among adults in the Philippines. Data from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were used. The sample size in the analysis was 17,010 adults aged ≥20 years old, after excluding pregnant and lactating women. DBM was defined as the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia (definition #1), overweight/obesity and anemia or vitamin A deficiency (definition #2), and overweight/obesity and anemia or vitamin A deficiency or iodine insufficiency (definition #3). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers were used for DBM assessment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression by R software. Results showed that definition #3 is the predominant type of DBM (7.0%) in the general population, whereas the prevalence of DBM has increased to 23.7% in overweight/obese persons. Sex, age, educational attainment, marital status, household size, wealth quintile, and smoking status were the determinants of DBM. This study revealed that Filipino adults experience malnutrition critically and must be addressed through food and nutrition interventions.
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Kulachote, Noratep, Paphon Sa-ngasoongsong, Norachart Sirisreetreerux, Pongsthorn Chanplakorn, Praman Fuangfa, Chanyut Suphachatwong, and Wiwat Wajanavisit. "Demineralized Bone Matrix Add-On for Acceleration of Bone Healing in Atypical Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture: A Consecutive Case-Control Study." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4061539.
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Background.Delayed union and nonunion are common complications in atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) despite having good fracture fixation. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a successfully proven method for enhancing fracture healing of the long bone fracture and nonunion and should be used in AFFs. This study aimed to compare the outcome after subtrochanteric AFFs (ST-AFFs) fixation with and without DBM.Materials and Methods. A prospective study was conducted on 9 ST-AFFs patients using DBM (DBM group) during 2013-2014 and compared with a retrospective consecutive case series of ST-AFFs patients treated without DBM (2010–2012) (NDBM group, 9 patients). All patients were treated with the same standard guideline and followed up until fractures completely united. Postoperative outcomes were then compared.Results. DBM group showed a significant shorter healing time than NDBM group (28.1 ± 14.4 versus 57.9 ± 36.8 weeks,p=0.04). Delayed union was found in 4 patients (44%) in DBM group compared with 7 patients (78%) in NDBM group (p>0.05). No statistical difference of nonunion was demonstrated between both groups (DBM = 1 and NDBM = 2,p>0.05). Neither postoperative infection nor severe local tissue reaction was found.Conclusions. DBM is safe and effective for accelerating the fracture healing in ST-AFFx and possibly reduces nonunion after fracture fixation. Trial registration number isTCTR20151021001.
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Michel, A. J., R. C. Butler, and M. M. Davidson. "Plutella xylostella larval feeding effects on three forage brassica species kale rape and turnip." New Zealand Plant Protection 65 (January 8, 2012): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2012.65.5387.
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Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) (DBM) is a major pest of forage brassica crops in New Zealand This study evaluated the effects of DBM larval feeding on three forage brassica crops in a greenhouse experiment DBM eggs in batches of 5 10 or 50 were placed on 6weekold potted kale rape and turnip plants Plant growth and development (main stem diameter plant height total number of stems and leaves and dry matter weight of roots and foliage (including stems)) were measured at harvest Additionally the number of pupae recovered was recorded None of the measurements of plant growth was influenced (P>005) by DBM egg density Percentage pupal recovery was consistent between treatments Larger DBM population sizes may have been required to show an effect on plant growth Implications of these results for DBM pest management are discussed
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FAN, WEIQIANG, JIAQING ZHANG, GEHONG ZHANG, HONGYE BAI, WEIDONG SHI, and YONGSHENG YAN. "LUMINESCENT TITANIA MACROPOROUS MATERIALS DOPED WITH Eu(DBM)3⋅H2O COMPLEX." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 06 (November 27, 2013): 1350060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500604.
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Visible luminescent hybrid titania macroporous materials doped with Eu ( DBM )3⋅ H 2 O complex ( Eu ( DBM )3⋅ H 2 O / TiO 2- M , M = macroporous, DBM = dibenzoylmethanate) were synthesized with poly(methyl methacrylate) nanospheres (PMMAs) as templates. The obtained Eu ( DBM )3⋅ H 2 O / TiO 2- M exhibit close-packed spherical porous structure and characteristic red emission of the Eu 3+ ion. Moreover, diffuse reflectance (DR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra suggest that the Eu ( DBM )3⋅ H 2 O complex were successfully doped into the macroporous titania matrix. The FT-IR, luminescent lifetimes, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, and emission quantum efficiency were further investigated.
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Neumann, Julie, Maxwell Weinberg, Chong Zhang, Charles Saltzman, and Alexej Barg. "Does Use of Demineralized Bone Matrix Affect the Union Rate in Arthroscopic Ankle Fusions?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00368.
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Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Despite DBM having positive effects on union rates in other subspecialties of orthopaedics, there is a general lack of evidence about bone graft substitutes in foot and ankle surgery. To our knowledge, orthopaedic surgeons have never evaluated the use of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as it pertains to the union rate of arthroscopic ankle fusions. The purpose of this clinical study is to compare the rate of union in arthroscopic ankle fusions in patients that have had DBM to those without DBM. The hypothesis of this study was that use of DBM would increase the union rate in all patients undergoing arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 521 consecutive patients from October 2002 to April 2016. Seventy-one ankles from 68 patients met inclusion criteria. These patients underwent primary arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Forty patients had DBM and 31 patients did not have DBM. Age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and preoperative radiographic deformity were controlled. The primary outcome measure was union rate of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Secondary outcome measures were time to union, rate of wound complications, rate of return to operating room, and rate of development of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Results: Seventy-one patients were available for final follow-up. Average age of the patients was 55.3 +/- 17.6 years. The mean follow-up time was 39.5 months. Unions were assessed on routine post-operative radiographs. If there was a concern for nonunion, patients were further assessed with a computerized tomography scan. Nonunion rate of patients who did have DBM was 7/40 (18%) and nonunion rate of those who did not have DMB was 8/31 (26%) (p=0.40). There was no statistically significant difference between those who did have DBM and those who did not have DBM in wound complication rate (5% vs 6%, p=1.0), rate of return to the operating room (35% vs 39%; p=0.75), and DVT rate (0% vs 0%), respectively. There were no major complications in this study. Conclusion: This study is the largest study to directly compare union rate and complications in patients who had DBM versus those who did not in the setting of arthroscopic ankle fusion. In this study, use of DBM does not affect union rate in patients undergoing arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Additionally, use of DBM does not affect the rate of wound complications, return to the operating room, and development of post-operative DVT.
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Sirimanne, S. R., and S. W. May. "Interaction of non-conjugated olefinic substrate analogues with dopamine β-monooxygenase: catalysis and mechanism-based inhibition." Biochemical Journal 306, no. 1 (February 15, 1995): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3060077.
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The reaction of dopamine beta-monooxygenase (DBM; EC 1.14.17.1) with the prototypical non-conjugated olefinic substrate, 2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethylamine (CyHEA) [see Sirimanne and May (1988) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 7560-7561], was characterized. CyHEA undergoes facile DBM-catalysed allylic hydroxylation to form (R)-2-amino-1-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethanol (CyHEA-OH) without detectable epoxidation or allylic hydroxylation to form (R)-2-amino-1-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethanol (CyHEA-OH) without detectable epoxidation or allylic rearrangement, and with stereochemistry consistent with that of DBM-catalysed benzylic hydroxylation and sulphoxidation. The kcat. of 90 s-1 for CyHEA oxygenation is about 75% of the kcat. for tyramine, the substrate commonly used in assays of DBM activity. DBM-catalysed oxygenation of CyHEA also results in mechanism-based inactivation of DBM, with the inactivation reaction yielding kinact. = 0.3 min-1 at pH 5.0 and 37 degrees C, and a partition ratio of 16,000. Although both CyHEA turnover and inactivation exhibit normal kinetics, CyHEA processing also results in gradual depletion of copper from DBM; however, mechanism-based irreversible DBM inactivation occurs independent of this copper depletion when sufficient copper is present in the assay solution. A likely mechanism for turnover-dependent DBM inactivation by CyHEA involves initial abstraction of an allylic hydrogen to form a resonance-stabilized allylic radical, which can then either partition to product or undergo attack by an active-site residue. Acyclic, non-conjugated olefinic analogues exhibit diminished substrate activity toward DBM. Thus, kcat. for oxygenation of cis-2-hexenylamine, which also produces only allylic alcohol product, is only 14% of that for CyHEA. Similarly, kinact./KI for turnover-dependent inactivation by the acyclic olefin 2-aminomethyl-1-pentene is more than an order of magnitude smaller than that for benzylic olefins. Our results establish that DBM catalyses allylic oxygenation of a number of non-conjugated olefinic substrate analogues with neither epoxidation nor allylic rearrangement occurring. The absence of epoxide products from non-conjugated olefinic substrates implies an inability of the activated copper-oxygen species of DBM to effect radical cation formation from a non-conjugated olefinic moiety. The striking contrast between DBM and cytochrome P-450, which carries out both epoxidation and allylic oxidation with non-conjugated olefinic substrates, is probably a reflection of the differences in redox potential of the activated oxygen species operative for these two enzymes.
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Vilijanen, Veikko V., Tie-Jun Gao, Minna Laitinen, and T. Sam Lindholm. "The Effect of Cyclosporine a On Xenogeneic Moose (Alces Alces) Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Induced Immune Inhibition of Heterotopic Osteoinduction in the Rat Guided Muscle Island Flap Bioassay Model." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 02, no. 01 (March 1998): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957798000068.
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Experimental heterotopic osteoinduction can be induced to take place in a pre-determined intramuscular space using a standard-sized membrane cylinder around a vascular muscle island flap, and implanting an osteoinductive agent such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) inside the flap. This kind of newly introduced guided muscle assay method, analyzed by radiomorphometry and histology, was used to study quantitative differences in the osteoinductive activities of xenogenic moose BMP (mBMP) and allogeneic DBM in the Wistar rat, as well as the effect of cyclosporine A (CyA). Calcified tissue in the flaps was quantified by computerized radiomorphometry at 21 days from implantation in five experimental groups: 1) partially purified mBMP; 2)mBMP with CyA treatment; 3) mBMP Plus active allogeneic DBM with CyA; 4) active allogeneic DBM alone; and 5) inactive DBM (control). The results were presented as radiopacity percentages of normal rat femoral bone values (=100). New bone formation was confirmed by microscopy of hematoxylin-eosin and azure II-stained samples. The mean radiopacity, compared to mean rat femoral bone values (=100%), in the mBMP group was 20%. This did not significantly exceed the result in the control flaps with inactive DBM. When CyA was administered perorally to mBMP-implanted animals, the radiopacity increased from 20% to 35% ( p =0.026). When active allogeneic DBM was added to this combination, the increase was up to 53% ( p =0.002). Implantation of active allogeneic DBM alone gave 60%. In microscopy, cartilage was the main sign of tissue transformation in the mBMP-implanted groups without DBM, and new bone with marrow in the active allogeneic DBM-implanted groups. In the control flaps with inactive DBM, no bone or cartilage developed. The quantity of new bone formation with mBMP could be significantly improved with CyA, but not to the superior level induced by active allogeneic DBM. The findings were explained by the marked immunogenicity of xenogeneic partially purified BMP. The advantage of the new model, compared to the conventional intramuscular assays, is a reduction of variability in soft tissue intensities of the measured objects. The standard volume reserved for osteoinduction to take place will make the model also eminently suitable for histomorphometry.
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Rhodes, Elizabeth C., Parminder S. Suchdev, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Solveig Cunningham, Mary Beth Weber, Katie Tripp, Carine Mapango, Usha Ramakrishnan, Monique Hennink, and Anne M. Williams. "The Co-Occurrence of Overweight and Micronutrient Deficiencies or Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Malawi." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 6 (April 9, 2020): 1554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa076.
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ABSTRACT Background In low-resource settings, urbanization may contribute to the individual-level double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby under- and overnutrition co-occur within the same individuals. Objective We described DBM prevalence among Malawian women by urban-rural residence, examined whether urban residence was associated with DBM, and assessed whether DBM prevalence was greater than the prevalence expected by chance given population levels of under- and overnutrition, which would suggest DBM is a distinct phenomenon associated with specific factors. Methods We analyzed nationally representative data of 723 nonpregnant women aged 15–49 y from the 2015–2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey. DBM was defined as co-occurring overweight or obesity (OWOB) and ≥1 micronutrient deficiency or anemia. We used Poisson regression models to examine the association between urban residence and DBM and its components. The Rao-Scott modified chi-square test compared the observed and expected DBM prevalence. Results Nationally, 10.8% (95% CI: 7.0, 14.5) of women had co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency and 3.4% (95% CI: 1.3, 5.5) had co-occurring OWOB and anemia. The prevalence of co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was 2 times higher among urban women than rural women [urban 32.6 (24.1, 41.2) compared with rural 8.6 (5.2, 11.9), adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.0 (1.1, 3.5)]. Co-occurring OWOB and anemia prevalence did not significantly differ by residence [urban 6.9 (0.6, 13.2) compared with rural 3.0 (0.8, 5.3)]. There were no statistically significant differences in observed and expected prevalence estimates of DBM. Conclusions This analysis shows that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was higher among women in urban Malawi compared with rural areas. However, our finding that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency or anemia may be due to chance suggests that there may not be common causes driving DBM in Malawian women. Thus, there may not be a need to design and target interventions specifically for women with DBM.
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Essa, Essa Ibrahim, Mshari A. Asker, and Fidan T. Sedeeq. "Evaluating OADM network simulation and an overview based metropolitan application." Journal of Intelligent Systems 31, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0194.
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Abstract Using optical add–drop multiplexer/remover multiplexer (OADM), it is possible to add or remove wavelengths and change or route them through the various nodes and networks. At this moment, key problems in add–drop multiplexer (ADM) are the bandwidth, modulation format, and reuse wavelength. In this article, the Optisystem software simulation is used as a platform to design, test, and verify the method applied to the current work; the OADM is proposed based on the metro network to get distribution between nodes over a transmission link; OADM analysis was presented with four channels (193.1, 193.2, 193.3, and 193.4 THz) at total bandwidth of 1.6 Tb/s, none-return-to-zero (NRZ), and return to zero coding types. Experiment one shows that the average output power is −17.997 dBm, the average drop power is −17.997 dBm, and the average add power is −18.338 dBm, the average gain is −0.0429 dB, the average noise figure is 0 dB, the average power input signal is 10.679 dBm, the average of power output signal is 10.633 dBm, and the average output optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is 0 dB, However, the second experiment shows that the average output power is −24.238 dBm, the average drop power is −24.288 dBm, and the average add power is −24.753 dBm, the average gain is −0.0417 dB, the average noise figure is 0 dB, average power input signal is 7.691 dBm, average of power output signal is 7.677 dBm, and the average output OSNR 0 dB. The system supports four input channels, four add channels, four output channels, and four drop channels. The results are acceptable after three spans of Solitons fiber with 600 km length, 200 km for each span. Nonetheless, it is believed that it is well justified to adopt these schemes in the current optical network with a low cost for overall expenditure.
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Demers-Mathieu, Veronique, Robert K. Huston, Andi M. Markell, Elizabeth A. McCulley, Rachel L. Martin, Melinda Spooner, and David C. Dallas. "Differences in Maternal Immunoglobulins within Mother’s Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk and across Digestion in Preterm Infants." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040920.
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Maternal antibody transfer to the newborn provides essential support for the infant’s naïve immune system. Preterm infants normally receive maternal antibodies through mother’s own breast milk (MBM) or, when mothers are unable to provide all the milk required, donor breast milk (DBM). DBM is pasteurized and exposed to several freeze–thaw cycles, which could reduce intact antibody concentration and the antibody’s resistance to digestion within the infant. Whether concentrations of antibodies in MBM and DBM differ and whether their survival across digestion in preterm infants differs remains unknown. Feed (MBM or DBM), gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1-h post-ingestion) and stool samples (collected after a mix of MBM and DBM feeding) were collected from 20 preterm (26–36 weeks gestational age) mother–infant pairs at 8–9 and 21–22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for the concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA), total IgA (SIgA/IgA), total IgM (SIgM/IgM) and IgG. Total IgA, SIgA, total IgM and IgG concentrations were 55.0%, 71.6%, 98.4% and 41.1% higher in MBM than in DBM, and were 49.8%, 32.7%, 73.9% and 39.7% higher in gastric contents when infants were fed with MBM than when infants were fed DBM, respectively. All maternal antibody isotypes present in breast milk were detected in the infant stools, of which IgA (not sIgA) was the most abundant.
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Anggraini, Anggita Sukma Nur, Aisah Aisah, and Abdul Rasyid. "Rancang Bangun Peralatan Pengukur Kuat Sinyal Seluler untuk Modul Praktikum Lab Telkom Wireless." Jurnal Jartel Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v11i3.105.
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Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mempermudah pengambilan data agar dapat dimonitoring setiap waktu melalui smartphone dengan parameter RSSI, RSRP, dan RSRQ. Pada penelitian ini cara pengujian dilakukan pada rute yang telah ditentukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil pengukuran pada alat ukur dan G-Nettrack Pro. Data diambil saat keadaan diam pada 20 titik, drive test dengan kecepatan rata-rata 10 km/jam, dan 20 km/jam menggunakan provider Telkomsel dan Indosat. Pengukuran parameter RSSI provider Telkomsel memiliki rata-rata -66.3 dBm pada software G-Nettrack Pro dan pada alat ukur nilai rata-rata sebesar -58.6 dBm. Sedangkan pada provider Indosat memiliki rata-rata -75.5 dBm pada software G-Nettrack Pro dan pada alat ukur nilai rata-rata sebesar -59.7 dBm. Pengukuran parameter RSRP provider Telkomsel memiliki rata-rata -83.05 dBm pada software G-Nettrack Pro dan pada alat ukur nilai rata-rata sebesar -87.26 dBm. Sedangkan pada provider Indosat memiliki rata-rata -92.7 dBm pada software G-Nettrack Pro dan pada alat ukur nilai rata-rata sebesar -90.3 dBm. Pengukuran parameter RSRQ provider Telkomsel memiliki rata-rata -7.73 dB pada software G-Nettrack Pro dan pada alat ukur nilai rata-rata sebesar -10.8 dB. Sedangkan pada provider Indosat memiliki rata-rata -12.89 dB pada software G-Nettrack Pro dan pada alat ukur nilai rata-rata sebesar -10.8 dB.
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Poynton, Ashley R., Fengyu Zheng, Emre Tomin, Joseph M. Lane, and G. Bryan Cornwall. "Resorbable posterolateral graft containment in a rabbit spinal fusion model." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 97, no. 4 (November 2002): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.97.4.0460.
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Object. The authors studied the effect of a resorbable graft containment device in a rabbit posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion model. Methods. Twenty rabbits were divided into four groups: autologous bone graft (ABG), ABG with the MacroPore containment device (ABG + MP), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), and DBM with the containment device (DBM + MP). Fusion mass was assessed at 6 weeks with high-resolution radiography and volumetric computerized tomography. The graft containment device was associated with alteration of the fusion mass structure and significant enhancement of fusion mass volume (ABG versus ABG + MP, p = 0.027; DBM versus DBM + MP, p = 0.043). Conclusions. A bioabsorbable protective graft containment device successfully enhanced posterolateral spinal fusion mass volume.