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Journal articles on the topic 'Dbrl'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Özer, Ömer. "Investigation of Strength, Flexibility and Balance Parameters with Performance Dimension in Basketball Players." Journal of Education and Learning 8, no. 5 (2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v8n5p225.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between strength, flexibility and balance parameters of male basketball players with performance dimension. Sixteen elite basketball players participated in the study voluntarily. Leg and back strength, flexibility and static and dynamic balance parameters of the participants were examined. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient method was used to determine the relationship between performance values obtained from strength, flexibility and balance parameters. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained; between LS and BS (r

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Gómez-Gil, Marta, Sara Karami, José-Paulo de Almeida, Alberto Cardoso, Almudena Espinosa-Fernández, and Belinda López-Mesa. "Envisaging a European Digital Building Renovation Logbook: Proposal of a Data Model." Applied Sciences 14, no. 19 (2024): 8903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14198903.

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Europe has set a target to become a decarbonised continent by 2050. To achieve this, intervention in buildings is crucial, as they serve as significant energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters. This intervention encompasses two essential pathways: renovation and digitalisation. The combination of these two aspects gives rise to elements such as the Digital Building Logbook (DBL), a digital data repository expected to enhance the pace and quality of renovation efforts. This paper introduces, for the first time, a European DBL data model with a specific focus on building renovation purposes—

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Yu, Jiabao, Jiawei Chen, Ying Chen, Zhiguo Zhou, and Junwei Duan. "Double Broad Reinforcement Learning Based on Hindsight Experience Replay for Collision Avoidance of Unmanned Surface Vehicles." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (2022): 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10122026.

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Although broad reinforcement learning (BRL) provides a more intelligent autonomous decision-making method for the collision avoidance problem of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), the algorithm still has the problem of over-estimation and has difficulty converging quickly due to the sparse reward problem in a large area of sea. To overcome the dilemma, we propose a double broad reinforcement learning based on hindsight experience replay (DBRL-HER) for the collision avoidance system of USVs to improve the efficiency and accuracy of decision-making. The algorithm decouples the two steps of target

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Yang, Yibin, Lingxia Zhang, and Yu Zhao. "Light Output Enhancement of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Based on AlN/GaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors Grown on Si (111) Substrates." Crystals 10, no. 9 (2020): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090772.

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Due to the absorption of opaque Si substrates, the luminous efficiency of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on Si substrates is not high. So, in this work, we insert AlN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) to improve the light output of GaN-based LEDs on Si (111) substrates grown via metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In order to obtain the highest reflectivity of the AlN/GaN DBR stop band, the growth parameters of AlN/GaN DBRs are optimized, including the growth temperature, the V/III ratio and the growth pressure. As a consequence, the interfaces of the optimal 9-pair

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Zhang, Cheng, Rami ElAfandy, and Jung Han. "Distributed Bragg Reflectors for GaN-Based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (2019): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081593.

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A distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is a key building block in the formation of semiconductor microcavities and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The success in epitaxial GaAs DBR mirrors paved the way for the ubiquitous deployment of III-V VCSELs in communication and mobile applications. However, a similar development of GaN-based blue VCSELs has been hindered by challenges in preparing DBRs that are mass producible. In this article, we provide a review of the history and current status of forming DBRs for GaN VCSELs. In general, the preparation of DBRs requires an optimizatio

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Al-Dulaijan, Yousif A., and Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad. "Prospects on Tuning Bioactive and Antimicrobial Denture Base Resin Materials: A Narrative Review." Polymers 15, no. 1 (2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010054.

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Denture base resin (DBR) materials are used in dentistry in constructing removable dentures and implant-supported prostheses. A plethora of evidence has demonstrated that DBR materials are associated with a high risk of denture stomatitis, a clinical complication where the soft oral tissues underneath the resin-based material are inflamed. The prevalence of denture stomatitis among denture wearers is high worldwide. Plaque accumulation and the infiltration of oral microbes into DBRs are among the main risk factors for denture stomatitis. The attachment of fungal species, mainly Candida albican

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Breiland, W. G., A. A. Allerman, J. F. Klem, and K. E. Waldrip. "Distributed Bragg Reflectors for Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 7 (2002): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.170.

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AbstractDistributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) not only serve as high-reflectance mirrors to define the laser cavity of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), but they also must conduct electricity, confine currents, and provide a single-crystal template for the gain region of the laser. Basic optical and electrical properties of DBRs are presented in this article. Three examples of DBR structures used in VCSEL applications from the ultraviolet to the infrared are given to illustrate the complexity and range of materials science issues that are encountered in DBR growth. Fabrication is

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Aldulaijan, Sarah, Raghad Alruwili, Rawan Almulaify, et al. "Benzyldimethyldodecyl Ammonium Chloride-Doped Denture-Based Resin: Impact on Strength, Surface Properties, Antifungal Activities, and In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 10 (2024): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100310.

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Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhering to denture-based resins (DBRs) is a known cause of denture stomatitis. A new approach to prevent denture stomatitis is to include antimicrobial substances within DBRs. Here, we examined the mechanical performance and antifungal properties of DBRs containing benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride (C12BDMA-Cl) as an antimicrobial compound. C12BDMA-Cl is a quaternary ammonium compound, and its antifungal properties have never been investigated when combined with dental acrylic resin. Therefore, we modified a commercially available heat-polymerized acrylic

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9

Abubaker, Shawbo A. "A Comparison of Top Distributed Bragg Reflector for 1300 nm Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers Based on III–V Compound." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 9, no. 2 (2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.10846.

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In this work, the design of GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) has been implemented for 1300 nm vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) for optical fiber communication applications. The top DBR period and Al concentration are varied, the peak reflectivity of the DBR is increasing from 50% to 97.5% for 13 periods with increasing Al concentration, whereas the reflectivity bandwidth is increased to almost 190 nm. The relation between wavelength and incidence angle variation on DBR reflectivity is increasing with the incident angle (0°, 20°, 30°, and 50°), the resonant

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Lu, Xingdong, Jing Li, Kang Su, et al. "Performance-Enhanced 365 nm UV LEDs with Electrochemically Etched Nanoporous AlGaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (2019): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060862.

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A 365-nm UV LED was fabricated based on embedded nanoporous AlGaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) by electrochemical etching. The porous DBR had a reflectance of 93.5% at the central wavelength of 365 nm; this is the highest value of porous AlGaN DBRs below 370 nm which has been reported so far. An innovative two-step etching method with a SiO2 sidewall protection layer (SPL) was proposed to protect the n-AlGaN layer and active region of UV LED from being etched by the electrolyte. The DBR-LED with SPL showed 54.3% improvement of maximal external quantum efficiency (EQE) and 65.7% enhanceme

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Wang, Qi, Hai Na Mo, Zi Qiao Lou, et al. "Effects of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal on Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 827 (October 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.827.49.

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We have designed lateral contact thin film silicon-based solar cells with and without one-dimensional photonic crystals as back surface field layer. The photonic crystal comprises a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for trapping the light. Simulations demonstrate that energy conversion efficiency and short circuit current ISCfor c-Si solar cells with the photonic crystal structure are increased to 21.11% and 27.0 mA, respectively, from 18.33% and 22.8mA of the one without photonic crystal. In addition, the effects of DBRs consisting of different materials are investigated in our simulations. W

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Hamaguchi, Tatsushi, Hiroshi Nakajima, and Noriyuki Fuutagawa. "GaN-based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Incorporating Dielectric Distributed Bragg Reflectors." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040733.

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This paper reviews past research and the current state-of-the-art concerning gallium nitride-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (GaN-VCSELs) incorporating distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). This paper reviews structures developed during the early stages of research into these devices, covering both major categories of GaN-based VCSELs: hybrid-DBR and all-dielectric-DBR. Although both types exhibited satisfactory performance during continuous-wave (CW) operation in conjunction with current injection as early as 2008, GaN-VCSELs have not yet been mass produced for several reasons. T

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Białek, Ewelina, Maksymilian Włodarski, and Małgorzata Norek. "Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) by High-Temperature Pulse-Anodization: Tuning the Optical Characteristics of PAA-Based DBR in the NIR-MIR Region." Materials 13, no. 24 (2020): 5622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245622.

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In this work, the influence of various electrochemical parameters on the production of porous anodic alumina (PAA)-based DBRs (distributed Bragg reflector) during high-temperature-pulse-anodization was studied. It was observed that lowering the temperature from 30 to 27 °C brings about radical changes in the optical performance of the DBRs. The multilayered PAA fabricated at 27 °C did not show optical characteristics typical for DBR. The DBR performance was further tuned at 30 °C. The current recovery (iamax) after application of subsequent UH pulses started to stabilize upon decreasing high (

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14

Lee, Hyung-Joo, Jin-Young Park, Lee-Ku Kwac, and Jongsu Lee. "Improvement of Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes’ Optical Efficiency Using a Broadband Distributed Bragg Reflector with an AlAs Buffer." Nanomaterials 14, no. 4 (2024): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14040349.

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This study developed an advanced 850 nm centered distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) (broadband DBR) composed of nanomaterial-based multiple structures to improve the optical efficiency of an 850 nm near-infrared light-emitting diode (NIR-LED). A combined 850 nm centered broadband DBR was fabricated by growing an 800 nm centered ten-pair DBR on a 900 nm centered ten-pair DBR (denoted as a combined DBR). The combined DBR exhibited a slightly wider peak band than conventional DBRs. Furthermore, the peak band width of the combined DBR significantly increased upon using a reflective AlAs buffer laye

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Sun, Yuechang, Lang Shi, Peng Du, Xiaoyu Zhao, and Shengjun Zhou. "Rational Distributed Bragg Reflector Design for Improving Performance of Flip-Chip Micro-LEDs." Electronics 11, no. 19 (2022): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193030.

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The distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) has been widely used in flip-chip micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) because of its high reflectivity. However, the conventional double-stack DBR has a strong angular dependence and a narrow reflective bandwidth. Here, we propose a wide reflected angle Ti3O5/SiO2 DBR (WRA-DBR) for AlGaInP-based red and GaN-based green/blue flip-chip micro-LEDs (RGB flip-chip micro-LEDs) to overcome the drawbacks of the double-stack DBR. The WRA-DBR consisting of six sub-DBRs has high reflectivity within the visible light wavelength region at an incident angle of ligh

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Verma, Nivea, and Manesh Lahori. "Effect of Chitosan on the Mechanical Properties and Color Stability of Two Commercially Available Heat Cure Denture Base Resins: An In vitro Study." Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry 13, no. 3 (2023): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jid.jid_31_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: Chitosan is one of the new and promising biomaterials being used in dentistry. However, there are fewer studies available in the literature to estimate the mechanical properties of chitosan with heat polymerized denture base resin (DBR). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles on flexural strength, fracture toughness, and color stability of two different types of heat cure DBR. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the mechanical properties and color stability of two DBRs reinforced with different concentrations of chitosan. Ma

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17

Huang, Chia-Yen, Kuo-Bin Hong, Zhen-Ting Huang, Wen-Hsuan Hsieh, Wei-Hao Huang, and Tien-Chang Lu. "Challenges and Advancement of Blue III-Nitride Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060676.

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Since the first demonstration of (Al, In, Ga)N-based blue vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in 2008, the maximum output power (Pmax) and threshold current density (Jth) has been improved significantly after a decade of technology advancements. This article reviewed the key challenges for the realization of VCSELs with III-nitride materials, such as inherent polarization effects, difficulties in distributed Bragg’s reflectors (DBR) fabrication for a resonant cavity, and the anti-guiding effect due to the deposited dielectrics current aperture. The significant tensile strain betwe

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Shao, Weijia, and Tingting Liu. "Planar narrowband Tamm plasmon-based hot-electron photodetectors with double distributed Bragg reflectors." Nano Express 2, no. 4 (2021): 040009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ac396b.

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Abstract Hot-electron photodetectors (HE PDs) are attracting a great deal of attention from plasmonic community. Many efficient HE PDs with various plasmonic nanostructures have been demonstrated, but their preparations usually rely on complicated and costly fabrication techniques. Planar HE PDs are viewed as potential candidates of cost-effective and large-area applications, but they likely fail in the simultaneous achievement of outstanding optical absorption and hot-electron collection. To reconcile the contradiction between optical and electrical requirements, herein, we propose a planar H

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Zhao, Shu-Yu, Bin-Bin Xu, Zhen-Yu Zhao, and Xue-Qin Lü. "Influence of top mirror on performance of GaN-based resonant cavity light-emitting diode." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 4 (2022): 047801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211720.

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In this paper, two kinds of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with high-reflective-film structure and filter structure are designed and evaporated on the top of GaN-based resonant cavity light emitting diode (RCLED), respectively. Firstly, the reflectivity spectra of the two kinds of DBRs are simulated. Then, the differences in performance including optical longitudinal modes, spectral linewidth, and output light intensity between the two kinds of RCLED devices with different top mirrors, are compared and analyzed. Finally, the influence of the top mirror reflection characteristics on the ou

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Shih, Ching-Wen, Imad Limame, Sebastian Krüger, et al. "Low-threshold lasing of optically pumped micropillar lasers with Al_0.2Ga_0.8As/Al_0.9Ga_0.1As distributed Bragg reflectors." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 15 (2023): 151111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0143236.

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We report on the design, realization, and characterization of optically pumped micropillar lasers with low-absorbing Al0.2Ga0.8As/Al0.9Ga0.1As dielectric Bragg reflectors (DBRs) instead of commonly used GaAs/AlGaAs DBRs. A layer of (In, Ga)As quantum dots is embedded in the GaAs [Formula: see text]-cavity of as an active medium. We experimentally study the lasing characteristics of the fabricated micropillars by means of low-temperature photoluminescence with varying pump laser wavelength between 532 and 899 nm. The incorporation of 20% Al content in the DBRs opens an optical pumping window fr

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Aghaeipour, Mahtab, and Håkan Pettersson. "Enhanced broadband absorption in nanowire arrays with integrated Bragg reflectors." Nanophotonics 7, no. 5 (2018): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0101.

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AbstractA near-unity unselective absorption spectrum is desirable for high-performance photovoltaics. Nanowire (NW) arrays are promising candidates for efficient solar cells due to nanophotonic absorption resonances in the solar spectrum. The absorption spectra, however, display undesired dips between the resonance peaks. To achieve improved unselective broadband absorption, we propose to enclose distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) in the bottom and top parts of indium phosphide (InP) NWs, respectively. We theoretically show that by enclosing only two periods of In0.56Ga0.44As/InP DBRs, an uns

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Białek, Ewelina, Maksymilian Włodarski, and Małgorzata Norek. "Influence of Anodization Temperature on Geometrical and Optical Properties of Porous Anodic Alumina(PAA)-Based Photonic Structures." Materials 13, no. 14 (2020): 3185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143185.

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In this work, the influence of a wide range anodizing temperature (5–30 °C) on the growth and optical properties of PAA-based distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) was studied. It was demonstrated that above 10 °C both structural and photonic properties of the DBRs strongly deteriorates: the photonic stop bands (PSBs) decay, broaden, and split, which is accompanied by the red shift of the PSBs. However, at 30 °C, new bands in transmission spectra appear including one strong and symmetric peak in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region. The PSB in the MIR region is further improved by a small modifi

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Tzanakakis, Emmanouil-George, Panagiotis Pandoleon, Aspasia Sarafianou, and Eleana Kontonasaki. "Adhesion of Conventional, 3D-Printed and Milled Artificial Teeth to Resin Substrates for Complete Dentures: A Narrative Review." Polymers 15, no. 11 (2023): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112488.

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Background: One type of failure in complete or partial dentures is the detachment of resin teeth from denture base resin (DBR). This common complication is also observed in the new generation of digitally fabricated dentures. The purpose of this review was to provide an update on the adhesion of artificial teeth to denture resin substrates fabricated by conventional and digital methods. Methods: A search strategy was applied to retrieve relevant studies in PubMed and Scopus. Results: Chemical (monomers, ethyl acetone, conditioning liquids, adhesive agents, etc.) and mechanical (grinding, laser

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Frimpong-Manso, Ellen Serwaa, and Liancheng Wang. "High Reflectivity AlN/Al1−xInxN Distributed Bragg Reflectors across the UV Regions by Sputtering." Crystals 12, no. 2 (2022): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020162.

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To improve the performance of III-nitride compound semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices, highly reflective distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are a requirement. In this report, AlN and Al1−xInxN layers were first sputtered and characterized concerning their optical, structural and morphological properties. Ellipsometry measurements were used to determine the optical constants (refractive index, n and coefficient of extinction, k, in dependence of the wavelengths of the layers. The indium content of the Al1−xInxN film was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Subsequ

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Ra, Yong-Ho, Roksana Tonny Rashid, Xianhe Liu, Sharif Md Sadaf, Kishwar Mashooq, and Zetian Mi. "An electrically pumped surface-emitting semiconductor green laser." Science Advances 6, no. 1 (2020): eaav7523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7523.

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Surface-emitting semiconductor lasers have been widely used in data communications, sensing, and recently in Face ID and augmented reality glasses. Here, we report the first achievement of an all-epitaxial, distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)–free electrically injected surface-emitting green laser by exploiting the photonic band edge modes formed in dislocation-free gallium nitride nanocrystal arrays, instead of using conventional DBRs. The device operates at ~523 nm and exhibits a threshold current of ~400 A/cm2, which is over one order of magnitude lower compared to previously reported blue la

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Lin, Chiao-Chih, Pei-Wen Chan, Peter Chen, et al. "Controlled Cavity Length and Wide-Spectrum Lasing in FAMACsPb(BrI)3 Ternary Perovskite Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with an All-Dielectric Dielectric Bragg Reflector." Crystals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101517.

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In this study, we utilized a dielectric Bragg reflector (DBR) as a mirror and positioned a wide-spectrum FAMACsPb(BrI)3 halide perovskite film between two DBRs to construct a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structure. The top and bottom DBRs were connected using optical adhesive, allowing us to control the cavity length by applying external force. Through this approach, we achieved operation at the desired wavelength. Due to the exceptional optical gain provided by FAMACsPb(BrI)3, we successfully observed multimode and lasing phenomena at room temperature under continuous-wave (

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Mahmoud Ahmed, Naser, M. Roslan Hashim, and Hassan Zainuriah. "Effects of Layer Thickness and Incident Angle Variations on DBR Reflectivity." Materials Science Forum 517 (June 2006): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.517.29.

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In this paper we discussed the relation between depth errors that happened in films growth and incidence angle variation on DBR reflectivity. We assume that there is 10% depth error in high and low index materials, and there are four plus one situations to be considered. Four are combinations of Hi +/- 10% error and Lo +/- 10% error, and no error. Our simulation results show that the depth error makes the reflective band shift and it almost doesn’t reduce reflectivity. The thickness error of +/- 10% in (Al0.4Ga0.6N/GaN) DBR structure (15 pairs) at 420nm was 42nm. A theoretical analysis using T

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Seneza, Cleophace, Christoph Berger, Prabha Sana, et al. "Highly reflective and conductive AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors realized by Ge-doping." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 1 (2021): 015501. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac3d43.

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Abstract We report on the realization of highly conductive and highly reflective n-type AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) for use in vertical cavity surface emitters in a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy process. While Ge-doping enables low-resistive n-type GaN/AlInN/GaN heterostructures, very high Ge doping levels compromise maximum optical reflectivities of DBRs. Simulations of the Bragg mirror’s reflectivities together with structural analysis by X-ray diffraction reveal an increased absorption within the doped AlInN layers and interface roughening as major causes for the observe

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Holt, Amanda L., Alison M. Sweeney, Sönke Johnsen, and Daniel E. Morse. "A highly distributed Bragg stack with unique geometry provides effective camouflage for Loliginid squid eyes." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 63 (2011): 1386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0702.

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Cephalopods possess a sophisticated array of mechanisms to achieve camouflage in dynamic underwater environments. While active mechanisms such as chromatophore patterning and body posturing are well known, passive mechanisms such as manipulating light with highly evolved reflectors may also play an important role. To explore the contribution of passive mechanisms to cephalopod camouflage, we investigated the optical and biochemical properties of the silver layer covering the eye of the California fishery squid, Loligo opalescens . We discovered a novel nested-spindle geometry whose correlated

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Wolffenbuttel, Reinoud, Declan Winship, David Bilby, Jaco Visser, Yutao Qin, and Yogesh Gianchandani. "SiNx/SiO2-Based Fabry–Perot Interferometer on Sapphire for Near-UV Optical Gas Sensing of Formaldehyde in Air." Sensors 24, no. 11 (2024): 3597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113597.

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Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs), comprising foundry-compatible dielectric thin films on sapphire wafer substrates, were investigated for possible use in chemical sensing. Specifically, structures comprising two vertically stacked distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), with the lower DBR between a sapphire substrate and a silicon-oxide (SiO2) resonator layer and the other DBR on top of this resonator layer, were investigated for operation in the near-ultraviolet (near-UV) range. The DBRs are composed of a stack of nitride-rich silicon-nitride (SiNx) layers for the higher index and SiO2 layers

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Gryga, Michal, Dalibor Ciprian, and Petr Hlubina. "Distributed Bragg Reflectors Employed in Sensors and Filters Based on Cavity-Mode Spectral-Domain Resonances." Sensors 22, no. 10 (2022): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103627.

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Spectral-domain resonances for cavities formed by two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. We model the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the cavity at the normal incidence of light when DBRs are represented by a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) comprising six bilayers of TiO2/SiO2 with a termination layer of TiO2. Using a new approach based on the reference reflectance, we model the reflectance ratio as a function of both the cavity thickness and its refractive index (RI) and show that narrow dips within the 1DPhC band gap can easi

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Xu, Hanbo, Xinyang Liu, and Lei Wang. "Enhanced Light Extraction and Beam Focusing in GaN LEDs Using Hybrid Metasurface-Distributed Bragg Reflector Structures." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 20, no. 4 (2025): 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2025.3748.

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This study presents an optimized hybrid design integrating TiO2 nanocylinder metasurfaces with Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) to simultaneously enhance light extraction efficiency (LEE) and beam collimation in GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Through systematic theoretical modeling and numerical simulations using COMSOL and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) methods, we investigate the impact of DBR layer count and metasurface geometry—including nanocylinder radius, height, and periodicity—on optical performance. The optimized structure achieves a narrow divergence angle of 5.7°

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Gebhardt, Markus, Jeffrey M. DeVries, Jana Jungjohann, Gino Casale, Andreas Gegenfurtner, and Jörg-Tobias Kuhn. "Measurement Invariance of a Direct Behavior Rating Multi Item Scale across Occasions." Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8020046.

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Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) as a behavioral progress monitoring tool can be designed as longitudinal assessment with only short intervals between measurement points. The reliability of these instruments has been mostly evaluated in observational studies with small samples based on generalizability theory. However, for a standardized use in the pedagogical field, a larger and broader sample is required in order to assess measurement invariance between different participant groups and over time. Therefore, we constructed a DBR, the Questionnaire for Monitoring Behavior in Schools (QMBS) with mu

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Yu, Tai-Cheng, Wei-Ta Huang, Hsiang-Chen Wang, et al. "Design and Simulation of InGaN-Based Red Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers." Micromachines 15, no. 1 (2023): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15010087.

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We propose a highly polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) consisting of staggered InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs), with the resonance cavity and polarization enabled by a bottom nanoporous (NP) n-GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), and top TiO2 high-index contrast gratings (HCGs). Optoelectronic simulations of the 612 nm VCSEL were systematically and numerically investigated. First, we investigated the influences of the NP DBR and HCG geometries on the optical reflectivity. Our results indicate that when there are more than 17 pairs of NP GaN DBRs with 60% air voids

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J.F. Gurbanova, A.F. Amirova, K.A. Heydarova, A.E. Huseynova та E.Sh. Salimova. "Dölün əsas ultrasəs əlamətləri intrauterin böyümənin məhdudlaşdırılması". Actual Questions of Modern Gynecology and Perinatology 9, № 3 (2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/mgpam.v9i3.77.

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Dölün bətndaxili inkişaf ləngiməsi (DBİL) yayılmış və mürəkkəb mamalıq problemidir. Qeyd edilmişdir ki, DBİL hamilə qadınların təqribən 10-15%-də, yeni doğulmuşların 5-10%-də rast gələrək, perinatal xəstələnmə və ölümün əsas faktorudur [1, 2]. Çox vaxt DBİL ümumi patogenetik inkişaf mexanizmlərinin olması ilə hamiləliyin kəsilməsi ilə əlaqələndirilir [1]. DBİL neonatal və postneonatal dövrlərdə döl ölümün mühüm risk faktorudur. DBİL olan uşaqların ölümü normal inkişaf edən yeni doğulmuş uşaqların ölümündən 3-10 dəfə yüksəkdir [1]. DBİLnin olması ölü doğum riskini 8 dəfə artırır. Ölü doğulan kö

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Ramdany, Ramdany, and Yuni Setiawati. "ANALISIS PENATAUSAHAAN ASET TETAP BARANG MILIK NEGARA (BMN)." JURNAL AKUNTANSI 10, no. 2 (2021): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37932/ja.v10i2.345.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian pelaksanaan penatausahaan Barang Milik Negara (BMN) pada satuan kerja Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Perdagangan dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan nomor 181/PMK.06/2016 tentang Penatausahaan BMN dan efektifitas aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akuntansi Barang Milik Negara (SIMAK BMN). Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan pelaksanaan penatausahaan BMN berupa aset tetap dan efektivitas SIM

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Xu, Xiaoqin, Xin Yang, Xue Liu, et al. "The Role of DBR1 as a Candidate Prognosis Biomarker in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 21 (January 2022): 153303382210831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338221083105.

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Aims: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies with unfavorable clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic methods. As a key enzyme in RNA metabolism, debranching RNA Lariats 1 (DBR1) is involved in intron turnover and biogenesis of noncoding RNA. Although cancer cells often show disorder of nucleic acid metabolism, it is unclear whether DBR1 has any effect on the carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC. Methods: Here we detected DBR1 expression in 112 ESCC samples by immunohistochemistry and analyzed its correlation with clinical parameters and surviva

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Xu, Jiao, Jun Jin, Qing-Shan Zhou, and Jiang-Tao Deng. "Association between serum direct bilirubin and 90-day mortality in patients with ARDS: A retrospective analysis." Medicine 104, no. 26 (2025): e43051. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000043051.

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The liver plays a key role in the pathogenesis and resolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Clinically, elevated serum bilirubin – especially direct bilirubin (DBIL) – is frequently observed in ARDS. This study aimed to evaluate the association between DBIL levels and 90-day mortality in ARDS patients. This retrospective cohort study used data from the MIMIC-IV database. ARDS patients were identified based on the Berlin definition. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality; in-hospital mortality was secondary. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association b

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Ihara, H., Y. Aoki, T. Aoki, and M. Yoshida. "Light has a greater effect on direct bilirubin measured by the bilirubin oxidase method than by the diazo method." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 6 (1990): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.6.895.

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Abstract We compared the effect of light on direct-reacting bilirubin (DBIL) measurement by the bilirubin oxidase (EC 1.3.3.5; BOX) method and by the Jendrassik-Gróf diazo method. DBIL concentrations determined by the BOX method in the sera of hyperbilirubinemic infants treated with phototherapy yielded falsely higher values than those by the direct diazo method. A similar tendency was noted when DBIL concentrations in infants' sera irradiated with light in vitro were determined by both methods, although by HPLC none of these sera had detectable DBIL (i.e., conjugated plus delta bilirubin). In

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Przewoźny, Tomasz, and Jerzy Kuczkowski. "Hearing loss in patients with extracranial complications of chronic otitis media." Otolaryngologia Polska 71, no. 3 (2017): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0130.

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Objective: A pure tone audiomety analysis of patients with extracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (ECCSOM). Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed audiometric data performed before treatment from 63 patients with ECCSOM (56 single, 7 multiple complications) including groups of frequencies. Results: The greatest levels of hearing loss were noted for 6 and 8 kHz (79.0 and 75.7 dBHL) and for the frequency groups high tone average (76.1 dBHL). As regards the severity of hearing impairment in pure tone average the prevalence of complications was as follows: labyri

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Al-Qudah, M., and P. J. D. Dawes. "Malleus–stapes assembly: experience with two prostheses." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 9 (2006): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510600168x.

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Tympanoplasty is often a necessary part of middle-ear surgery, the most common defect being that between an intact, mobile stapes and the malleus handle. The most readily available tissue is the patient's incus, reshaped to bridge the space between an intact stapes and the malleus. When the incus cannot be used, the hydroxyapatite Wehrs incus prosthesis® can be used as an alternative.Twenty-six patients had an autograft incus ossiculoplasty and 20 patients underwent modified Wehrs incus prosthesis ossiculoplasty. The average post-operative air–bone gaps (ABGs) were 16.2 dB hearing loss (dBHL)

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Zhang, Yuanjing, Tao Shang, Chenyi Zhang, and Xueyi Guo. "Pulse‐Level Quantum Robust Control with Diffusion‐Based Reinforcement Learning." Advanced Physics Research, March 19, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202400159.

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AbstractThe pulse‐level quantum control presents a large range of external parameter dependencies, including control field noise, frequency detuning, nonlinearities, and uncertainty of Hamiltonian parameters, which can lead to significant deviation from the target quantum gate. These terms are not usually considered directly in standard optimization scenarios for robustness, but are often found in analytical solutions. The latter are often difficult to emerge and generalize to different settings. This paper proposes a diffusion‐based reinforcement learning method for pulse‐level quantum robust

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Deng, Xiaoheng, Shunmeng Yin, Xinjun Pei, Lixin Lin, Xuechen Chen, and Jinsong Gui. "E-DBRL: efficient double broad reinforcement learning for adaptive traffic signal control." Applied Intelligence, June 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10489-024-05637-1.

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Shi, Lang, Yuechang Sun, Yongjin Cui, Peng Du, Jiaming Zhuang, and Shengjun Zhou. "Strategically constructed high-reflectivity multiple-stack distributed Bragg reflectors for efficient GaN-based flip-chip mini-LEDs." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, March 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acc7b3.

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Abstract Full-angle distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) consisting of numerous sub-DBRs with discrete central wavelengths have been developed to enhance performance of GaN-based flip-chip mini light-emitting diodes (FC mini-LEDs). However, relatively low reflectivity of full-angle DBRs at large angle incidence restricts further enhancement in performance of FC mini-LEDs. Here, we introduce a reflectivity optimization strategy for constructing high-reflectivity multiple-stack DBRs by rationally engineering the number of sub-DBRs and adjusting central wavelength distribution of sub-DBRs. Based o

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Wang, Xingwen, Lan Wu, Li Xiang, et al. "Promoter Variations in DBR2-Like Affect Artemisinin Production in Different chemotypes of Artemisia annua." Horticulture Research, August 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhad164.

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Abstract Artemisia annua is the only known plant source of the potent antimalarial artemisinin, which occurs as the low- and high-artemisinin producing (LAP and HAP) chemotypes. Nevertheless, the different mechanisms of artemisinin producing between these two chemotypes were still not fully understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of genome resequencing, metabolome, and transcriptome data to systematically compared the difference in the LAP chemotype JL and HAP chemotype HAN. Metabolites analysis revealed that 72.18% of sesquiterpenes was highly accumulated in HAN compared to JL

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Sun, Yuechang, Lang Shi, Yongjin Cui, et al. "Effect of distributed Bragg reflectors on optoelectronic characteristics of GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes." Semiconductor Science and Technology, May 20, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ad4dd8.

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Abstract Distributed Bragg reflectors have been widely utilized in GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes (FCLEDs) owing to their excellent reflection performance. Recently, wide reflected angle DBR (WRA-DBR) has been suggested to enhance the optical characteristics of GaN-based FCLEDs by incorporating multiple sub-DBRs with varying central wavelengths. However, the reflectivity of WRA-DBR decreases at large incident angle from 425 nm to 550 nm, which restricts further optical performance improvement of FCLEDs. Here, we demonstrate a quintuple-stack DBR comprised of five sub-DBRs. The quint

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Wilson, Debra Paige, and Ray R. LaPierre. "Corrugated nanowires as distributed Bragg reflectors." Nano Express, August 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ac8d1f.

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Abstract Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), comprised of periodic refractive index changes, are widely used in optoelectronic devices as resonators, filters and sensors. The heterostructures required for DBRs can be difficult to implement in nanostructures due to poor compositional control on the nanoscale. In the present paper, simulation results are presented of the reflectance spectra from DBR structures that are implemented using periodic perturbations of a nanowire (NW) diameter, rather than heterostructures. The corrugated NW structure can produce a DBR stopband with reflectance near u

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Zekri, Jamal, Azhar Nawaz, Haleem Rasool, et al. "Impact of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on docetaxel-induced febrile neutropenia in patients with breast cancer." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, August 3, 2021, 107815522110309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10781552211030974.

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Background Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening complication of Docetaxel-based chemotherapy regimens (DBRs). Prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can reduce the risk of FN. This study investigated the effect of G-CSF on FN in patients receiving DBRs for breast cancer. Methods Patients treated between 2015 and 2017 were identified from the hospital’s pharmacy database and their medical records were examined retrospectively. Data from patients’ first four cycles of DBR were collected. FN rate, FN associated length of hospital stay (FN-LOS), and chemotherapy dose

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Baghdasaryan, H. V., T. M. Knyazyan, T. H. Baghdasaryan, B. Witzigmann, and F. Roemer. "Absorption loss influence on optical characteristics of multilayer distributed Bragg reflector: wavelength-scale analysis by the method of single expression." Opto-Electronics Review 18, no. 4 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11772-010-0049-0.

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AbstractElectrodynamical model of a classical distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) consisting of alternating quarter-wave layers of high and low permittivity is considered at the plane wave normal incidence. Reflective characteristics of DBR possessing absorption loss in constituting layers are analysed via correct wavelength-scale boundary problem solution by the method of single expression (MSE). Analysis of optical field and power flow density distributions within the lossy DBR structures explained the peculiarities of their reflective characteristics. Optimal configurations of lossless and lo

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Zhang, Chichang, and Aris Christou. "Design and Fabrication of a VCSEL With Graded Bragg Mirror Interfaces for Operation at 850nm." MRS Proceedings 744 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-744-m5.44.

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ABSTRACTBased on the AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs system and with graded Distributed Bragg mirrors (DBRs), a VCSEL for operation at 850–860nm is reported. The graded transition bands inside the DBRs were designed in order to achieve the tradeoff between the number of DBR layers and the low threshold current of the laser. The structure optimized had 39 pairs in the n-DBR stack and a low threshold current of 1.6mA was achieved. The device was fabricated with MBE growth, oxide confinement and RIE for MESA definition. The experimental results and physical characterization of the device are also reported to ful

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