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Zhang, Hongkui. "Simulation of Output Torque of Coal Mine Permanent Magnet DC Motor for Belt Conveyor." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 15 (November 26, 2022): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v15i.3004.
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With the analysis of the global coal production trend in the past ten years and the requirements of coal mine belt conveyor for drive motor, we summarized the disadvantages of coal mine belt conveyor asynchronous motor such as high loss and low operating efficiency, designed the system structure and simulation calculation model of coal mine permanent magnet DC motor, simulated the output torque of coal mine permanent magnet DC motor for 50N load condition, and realized the output characteristics of coal mine permanent magnet DC motor Calculation.
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Dani, Irfan, Amaliah Herlina, and Safrudin. "RANCANG BANGUN SANDING MACHINE OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN CONVEYOR DENGAN PROXIMITY SENSOR." TESLA: Jurnal Teknik Elektro 25, no. 2 (2023): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/tesla.v25i2.26536.
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These sanding machines generally operate on a limited scale or on a modern scale. In order for the newly made wood sanding machine to be more effective in the entire production process, it is necessary to have a mode of transportation used to transport raw materials, especially wood. Literature studies, field research, and the design process are the methods used. The results of the research that has been done, transporting a wood sanding machine with a 24Volt DC engine drive system shows that the difference in speed/Rpm can be changed by using a dc dimer. From a 12 Volt DC voltage, you get a speed of 38 Rpm, a 17 Volt DC voltage gets a speed of 43 Rpm, while a 21 Volt DC voltage gets a speed of 80 Rpm. DC motors as drives, belt regulators, and conveyor belts. And also use a tachometer to calculate the speed/Rpm on the conveyor and sanding drum. The sensor in this system functions as an automatic assistance system that will operate the sanding machine and as a proximity sensor to identify objects that pass through the sensor. The detection range of the proximity sensor is 30 cm, which makes it possible to detect objects passing through the sensor. ABSTRAK: ABSTRAK: Mesin amplas ini umumnya bergerak dalam skala terbatas maupun dalam skala modern. Agar mesin pengamplas kayu baru yang dibuat dapat lebih efektif dalam seluruh proses produksinya, diperlukan adanya moda transportasi yang digunakan untuk mengangkut bahan baku khususnya kayu. Studi literatur, penelitian lapangan, dan proses desain adalah metode yang digunakan.Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pengangkutan pada mesin amplas kayu dengan sistem penggerak mesin 24Volt DC menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kecepatan/Rpm dapat diubah dengan menggunakan dimer dc. Dari tegangan DC 12 Volt mendapatkan hasil kecepatan 38 Rpm, Tegangan DC 17 Volt mendapatkan hasil kecepatan 43 Rpm, Sedangkan tegangan DC 21 Volt mendapatkan hasil kecepatan 80 Rpm. Motor DC sebagai penggerak, pengatur belt, dan belt konveyor. Dan juga menggunakan tachometer untuk menghitung kecepatan/Rpm pada koveyor dan drum amplas. Sensor pada sistem ini berfungsi sebagai sistem bantuan otomatis yang akan mengoperasikan mesin pengamplasan dan sebagai sensor proximity untuk mengidentifikasi benda yang melewati sensor. Jangkauan deteksi sensor jarak adalah 30 cm, yang memungkinkan untuk mendeteksi objek yang melewati sensor
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Ikhar, Dr S. R., Yogesh Nakade, Prankitkumar Barsagade, et al. "A Review on Faulty Product Detection and Separation System for Measuring Accurate Weight of SOAP." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (2022): 2198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41108.
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Abstract: Wireless sensor networks have become a new information collection and monitoring solution for variety of product such as soap. All product manufacturing unit need to have a faulty product detection and separation system in order to maintain good product accuracy by using conveyor belt system. This proposed system detect faulty product according to required weight by using load cell and proximity sensor, thus with the help of electric actuator faulty products are separated according to the weight. This system is powered by a DC Geared motor, and the system consist components Rollers (nylon) and silicon belt are used to develop a conveyor belt system. This paper deals with a review on faulty product detection and separation system Keywords: Conveyor systems, proximity sensor, load cell, Fault detection.
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Anjali, Verma, Tiwari Priyal, Sharma Paragee, Saji Bhaskaran Kiran, Prasad Kauleshwar, and Gupta Sargam. "IoT based Self-Servicing Ordering System." Journal of Advancement in Parallel Computing 5, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6565593.
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<em>'</em><em>IoT based self-servicing Ordering system</em><em>' </em><em>is</em><em> created with an objective to achieve a contact less in- house service. The concept revolves around serving dishes through a conveyor belt using IoT sensors such as proximity sensor. Our </em><em>paper</em><em> takes inspiration from the Japanese invention 'kaitan sushi'. The customer would initially order their desired dish through a tab, provided by the restaurant itself. After the customer place their order, it would be forwarded to the chef's device. The chef would then prepare the entree. The assembly consists of a conveyor belt, through which the customer's dish would be served once ready. Once the dish is ready the customer would get a notification on their tab of their incoming dish. The dish would be placed on a tray, through which an inbuilt proximity sensor is fixed. The sensor, which can later be improvised by using a color sensor for detecting unique tables, would then spot a table and stop the conveyor belt. The belt would stop with respect to an inbuilt timer, and customers can take and enjoy their dish. Once the customer has finished their meal, they can put the plates onto the conveyor belt and get it sent back to the kitchen.</em>
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Muhammad, Shahid, and Ghaysuddin Md. "Design and Implementation of Conveyor Belt Speed Control using PID for Industrial Applications." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 284–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3589722.
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A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Many kinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries. The purpose of this project is to improve the existing conveyor machine that located at the methodology lab in AL FALAH UNIVERSITY. This paper gives a review of the belt conveyor technology that focuses on the types of drives and the control system or the controller of the belt conveyor using PID controller. This paper highlights the characteristics, performance measure, requirements and the operational procedure of the belt conveyor drives and control systems. Muhammad Shahid | Md Ghaysuddin "Design and Implementation of Conveyor Belt Speed Control using PID for Industrial Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25294.pdf
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Venkatalakshmi, S. "Machine Learning Algorithms for Industrial Defect Detection: Enhancing Product Quality Control." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 1 (2025): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66242.
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This paper explores an advanced solution for enhancing quality control in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturing by integrating the YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection algorithm. The system features a conveyor belt, DC motors, and a high-resolution camera for real-time identification and localization of defects on moving PCBs. The YOLO algorithm processes captured images, effectively identifying various flaws such as soldering issues and component misalignments. Precise control over the inspection process is achieved through seamless integration between the conveyor belt and DC motors, which improves both the speed and accuracy of defect detection. Upon identifying defects, the system includes a mechanism to separate defective PCBs from the production line. Defective PCBs are rerouted to a designated area via the conveyor belt, ensuring that only high-quality PCBs proceed in the manufacturing process. This automated approach reduces human intervention, significantly enhances production efficiency, lowers manufacturing costs, and improves overall PCB quality. The proposed system showcases the synergy between cutting-edge image processing technologies and robust mechanical components, providing a comprehensive solution for defect detection and segregation in PCB manufacturing
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Nwe, Nwe Oo, Naing Ma, and Myint Aung Moe. "Design and Construction of Parcel Wrapping System using Arduino." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 378–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3589811.
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This paper describes about the automatic parcel wrapping system using arduino UNO. Packaging automation is the process or procedure of packaging a product without human assistance. It can range from individual equipment to simple process or complete packing lines. This system provides smart workflows and eliminates redundant tasks, allowing them to do more with less. This system has three sensors which used to sense the box, objects and the end of the conveyor. This system is commanded to insert 10 objects and the count numbers of objects are displayed on the 7 segment display. Moreover, two flat belt conveyors are used to carry objects and boxes. DC motors are also used for moving conveyor. The first conveyor that run one motor is to carry boxes and the second that runs another motor is to carry objects. IR sensors are used to sense the object and the boxes. Then, the conveyor for carrying the boxes that has filled objects will again to start run and will stop at end sensor. This machine can be used in industries for recording the amount of product. Nwe Nwe Oo | Ma Naing | Moe Myint Aung "Design and Construction of Parcel Wrapping System using Arduino" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25291.pdf
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Yudi Kristyawan and Atinus Yikwa. "Automation System for the Disposal of Feces and Urine in Rabbit Cages Using Arduino." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (IJAIR) 3, no. 2 (2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/ijair.v3i2.3347.
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Farming rabbits in large numbers produce large amounts of feces and urine. A cage full of feces and urine can cause health problems for rabbits. This research aims to produce an automation system for the disposal of feces and urine in rabbit cages using an Arduino board and implemented in a prototype form. This system uses electronic devices including load cells, HX711 Module to make it easier to read load cells in measuring weight, real-time clock (RTC) for timing, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 to detect the presence of a certain object, dc motor, L298N motor driver module to control a dc motor, an LCD 16x2 module to display the weight and height of feces and urine, a buzzer as a notification of the status of the container if it is full, and an Arduino Uno as a controller of the entire system. The system operates so that the feces excreted by the rabbit fall onto the conveyor belt. At the same time, the urine passes via the conveyor belt and falls into the cross-section before being pumped into the urine collection container. The feces on the conveyor belt will be moved with a dc motor towards the stool container based on a certain time. Each stool and urine container is weighed with a load cell and ultrasonic sensor to detect when the container is full. Then the condition of the load cell and the ultrasonic sensor is displayed on an LCD 16x2. When one or both containers are full, a buzzer will sound as a notification. The method used in this research is an experimental method by manipulating or controlling natural situations into artificial conditions. The artificial condition is the provision of deliberate control over the object of study. The test results show that this system can remove waste based on the time using a belt conveyor and monitoring the weight and height of the dirt. If the dirt has met the specified limit, the system can activate an alarm as a notification.
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Mujica-Ortega, Hoover, and Braulio Raygoza-Pérez. "Control and Supervision for a Bottling Process Prototype under the IEC 61131-3 Standard." Memorias del Congreso Nacional de Control Automático 7, no. 1 (2024): 572–77. https://doi.org/10.58571/cnca.amca.2024.097.
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In this article, the implementation of a control and supervision system for the recycling module in a prototype model, which represents an industrial bottling process, is presented. This module includes a robotic arm, conveyor belts, a rail with a transport cart, sensors, DC motors, and pistons. The recycling process uses the robot to move boxes with bottles to a conveyor belt, which takes them to the emptying zone and then to the recycling zone, where the robot separates the bottles from the packaging to reintegrate each element into its respective stage of the process. As part of the development, a motion control system was designed for the conveyor belt motors to reduce mechanical wear, optimize the energy consumption of the motors as well as reduce abrupt movements that could affect product quality. A monitoring system for the electrical variables of the system was also implemented, providing useful information for decision-making that contributes to increasing the process efficiency. For this, the IEC 61131 standard, the GRAFCET methodology, and new IoT technologies, such as View of Things, were used. After the implementation, the module was successfully automated and optimized, with monitoring and management from mobile devices, validating the effectiveness of the control system for current large-scale industrial environment.
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Mohd Shah, Mohd Heidir, Mohd Fua’ad Rahmat, Kumeresan A. Danapalasingam, and Norhaliza Abdul Wahab. "PLC BASED ADAPTIVE FUZZY PID SPEED CONTROL OF DC BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 6, no. 3 (2013): 1133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-583.
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Khairuddin, Muhammad, Zakiyah Amalia, Edi Sulistyo Budi, Adelia Dwi Puspitasari, Alfiandi Aulia Rahmadani, and Firman Bagus Prasetyo. "Implementasi sistem SCADA dengan metode kontrol PID pada motor DC penggerak conveyor belt." JURNAL ELTEK 20, no. 2 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v20i2.353.
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Sistem SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) merupakan teknologi komputer yang banyak digunakan pada sistem kendali di dunia industri saat ini. Pada penelitian ini sistem SCADA digunakan pada plant motor penggerak konveyor karena plant tersebut sangat banyak digunakan di industri, hampir semua jenis industri menggunakan konveyor untuk memindahkan barang dari satu tempat ketempat lainnya. Implementasi kontrol yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kontrol PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) yang akan mengoreksi error secara otomatis dari pengukuran variabel input sensor kecepatan dengan menggunakan rotary encoder sehingga kecepatan putaran motor DC bisa sesuai dengan nilai setpoint yang ditentukan melalui sistem SCADA. Kontroler utama pada sistem ini adalah PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) Siemens S7-1200 yang berperan sebagai RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) pada sistem SCADA. Nilai parameter PID yang ditentukan pada sistem SCADA adalah Kp = 0,25, Ti = 0,8 dan Td= 0,08. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem SCADA bisa mengendalikan plant dengan baik dengan nilai error steady state sebesar 1,1% - 3,4% baik saat conveyor belt bekerja dengan beban maupun tanpa beban. Dengan sistem SCADA, monitoring sistem bisa dilakukan dari jarak jauh tanpa harus datang langsung ke lokasi tempat plant berada sehingga lebih memudahkan proses monitoring dan kontrol plant di dunia industri.
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 The SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system is a computer technology that is widely used in control systems in today's industrial world. In this study, the SCADA system was used in a motor conveyor driving because the plant is very widely used in industry, almost all types of industry use conveyors to move goods from one place to another. The control implementation used in this study is the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control method which will correct errors of the speed sensor input variable using a rotary encoder so that the DC motor rotation speed match the setpoint value determined through the SCADA system. The main controller in this system is the Siemens S7-1200 PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) which acts as the RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) on the SCADA system. The PID parameter values determined in the SCADA system are Kp = 0.25, Ti = 0.8 and Td = 0.08. Based on the test results, the SCADA system can control the plant well with a steady state error value of 1.1% - 3.4% both when the conveyor belt is working with or without load. With the SCADA system, monitoring the system can be done remotely without having to come directly to the location where the plant is located, making it easier for the process of monitoring and controlling plants in the industrial world.
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Balsaraf, M. D., Wabale Akash Uttam, and Madhe Pratiksha Laxman. "PLC Based Automatic Bottle Filling System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 6 (2024): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63012.
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Abstract: Introducing a cutting-edge solution for beverage industries, our paper unveils a revolutionary bottle filling machine employing state-of-the-art Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology. Crafted with simplicity and efficiency in mind, this compact system seamlessly integrates a conveyor belt for bottle transportation and a precision DC pump to regulate water flow with unparalleled accuracy Operating with finesse, an infrared sensor precisely detects bottle positions, triggering the pump to commence filling precisely at the opportune moment. Once the bottle is detected, a secondary sensor halts the conveyor, initiating a 15-second pump operation optimized for filling up to 800ml bottles swiftly and flawlessly. Upon completion, the pump gracefully ceases, and the conveyor resumes its smooth operation Notably, our system is designed with user convenience at its core. A dedicated stop button empowers operators to halt operations instantly, ensuring safety and control. With each component meticulously optimized for performance and reliability, our cost-effective filling machine stands as a beacon of innovation, poised to revolutionize small-scale beverage enterprises, from cozy coffee shops to bustling juice bars and beyond.
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Suramwar, Prof P. V., Ashish Meshram, Pallavi Bhadke, Pranali Pathode, and Tejeshwini Thakre. "Automatic Liquid Filling Unit Using PLC." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41165.
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Abstract: An Automation is the utilization of different control techniques for operating equipment’s such as operations in factories, aircraft and other applications with reduced human power. The filling process is a mission performed by a machine that fills liquid products such as water or cold drinks. Traditional bottling method include placing bottles on a conveyor belt and filling only one bottle at a time. In this paper, it has been designed and implement water filling machine system for different types of bottles by using PLC. Where the water filling machine system includes design and implement prototype of a flat belt conveyor with dimensions (300*40) mm and automatic process for water filling machine using the water pump and sensors which gives the appropriate information to control unit then design the controller using PLC. The PLC plays important role to implement automatic filling process by using PLC programing software and ladder diagram language. It was found that the water filling machine using PLC is less operational cost and less power consumption than the traditional control systems, in addition more flexible and time saving Keyword: PLC, conveyor, DC motor, inductive sensor, water pump, Relay, etc,,
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Shen, Yanjun, and Xiaohua Xia. "Adaptive Parameter Estimation for an Energy Model of Belt Conveyor with DC Motor." Asian Journal of Control 16, no. 4 (2013): 1122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.776.
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Hadi Saputro, Teguh, Fiqqih Faizah, and Lady Silk Moonlight. "DESIGN OF CONTROL AND MONITORING OF BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT (BLDC) MOTOR ON CONVEYOR USING BLUETOOTH BASED ON STM 32." Proceeding of International Conference of Advance Transportation, Engineering, and Applied Social Science 2, no. 1 (2023): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/icateas.v2i1.1766.
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DC motors are one of the most popular motors used in the industrial world. In operation, DC motors use a direct current (DC) source. In its application, the BLDC motor is combined with a method to make it easier to control the BLDC motor to match what is desired, one example is the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) method, which is a control consisting of a standard configuration of Kp, Ki, and Kd whose values are determined in order to get the desired result or speed, namely speed with good stability with a small error rate and overshoot. The control system for the BLDC stepper motor nema 17 on the conveyor uses the STM32 Nucleo F030R8 module as a microcontroller and the HC-05 bluetooth module as a remote control interface on the conveyor motor. To send commands from the microcontroller to the motor, a driver is needed which is used as a data receiver and control setting from the microcontroller, namely the L298N motor driver. The monitoring system on the miniature conveyor uses an LM393 speed sensor as a stepper motor rotation speed reader and an INA219 sensor as a current and voltage reader. Sensor readings will be processed on the microcontroller and the results will be displayed on the 1.3-inch LCD screen that has been installed. In this study, it is still in prototype form, so the miniature conveyor cannot receive too heavy a load. The load is adjusted to the torque capacity of the BLDC stepper motor used, which is 0.36 N.m. In other words, the maximum miniature conveyor receives a load with a stable speed of less than or equal to 2 kg, because the load on the conveyor belt will affect the speed of the BLDC motor. With this research, it is hoped that it can be a lesson about control and monitoring systems on BLDC motors. The maximum Bluetooth range is 9 meters.
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Md., Liton Ahmed, Kundu Shantonu, and Rafiquzzaman Md. "Automatic Bottle Filling System Using PLC Based Controller." Journal of Advancement in Mechanics 4, no. 1 (2019): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2604998.
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In this paper a bottle filling machine is introduced using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based controller in automation industry. The main aim of the paper is to design and fabricate a small and a simple filling system using PLC. The belt conveyor is used for moving the bottle. A dc pump is set to tank to control the flow of water. The position of bottle is detected by infrared sensor so that pump can be functioned at right time. When bottle is under the tank, the pump is started and bottle is filled by water. All the components perform well. This filling machine is cost effective and it can be used in small scale bottle filling systems such as coffee shops, juice shops and other beverage industries.
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Lu, Yean. "DC Motor Control Technology Based on Multisensor Information Fusion." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 1, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1447333.
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To solve these uncertain problems by studying the motor fault diagnosis technology, so as to ensure the normal operation of the motor equipment is the primary problem to be solved in the field of motor fault diagnosis. The traditional DC motor is one of the most widely used motors at present. It has excellent speed regulation performance and is easy to control. It is widely used in applications that require high motor startup and speed regulation characteristics. This research mainly discusses DC motor control technology. Evidence theory can combine various fault information at different levels to enhance mutual support between pieces of evidence, thereby improving the accuracy of motor fault detection. Based on the steps of signal processing, feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction, and state recognition, the research on the state recognition method of belt conveyor drive motor based on multisource information fusion is carried out. By studying the multisource information fusion, this paper proposes a two-stage belt conveyor drive motor information fusion model based on the optimal D-S evidence theory. The correct identification rate of broken rotor bars during fault monitoring is 99.8%. This method divides the specific motor fault feature set into multiple fault subspaces and uses different diagnostic neural networks and different fault feature parameters for local diagnosis, respectively. The scheme designed in this study significantly improves the recognition accuracy of the motor in the same working condition and under variable working conditions. The drive motor state recognition and intelligent decision-making system designed by combining the results of multisource information fusion can effectively describe the fault type and has strong operability.
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Nuva, Tasnuva Jahan, Md Imteaz Ahmed, and Sarker Safat Mahmud. "Design & Fabrication of Automatic Color & Weight-Based Sorting System on Conveyor Belt." Journal of Integrated and Advanced Engineering (JIAE) 2, no. 2 (2022): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51662/jiae.v2i2.87.
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Object sorting is a basic process that is employed in a variety of disciplines in our daily lives for our convenience. Previously, the sorting operation was done by hand using labor justification. Because product quality does not remain consistent during the typical sorting process, it adds complexity to the segregation of products based on their height, color, size, and weight. This method is also time-consuming and slows down output. To overcome these problems, Low-Cost Automation (LCA) has been implemented in the sorting system, which aims to reduce production time, labor cost, and processing complexity, improve product quality, increase production rate, etc. So, in this project, an effective method has been developed for automatically sorting the object based on color and weight. This method uses a conveyor belt, strain gauge load cell, DC motor, servo motor, TCS 34725 RGB color sensor, LCD, LED, and LDR to identify, separate, and collect the objects according to their color and weight. Arduino is used to controlling all the processes. This work has sorted three types of colors -red, , green, and blue, and the weight of different ranges. Firstly, the weights have been sorted by load cell, and then the desired colors have been sorted by color sensor. A bucket at the end of the conveyor belt can be rotated depending on the signal sent from the Arduino to collect the box. The collecting box has a specific portion in a particular color. Hence, it could be rotated at a specific angle for an exact weight for red, blue, and green colors.
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Desy, Friska Tiara, Arif Surtono, Amir Supriyanto, and Junaidi Junaidi. "Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Pemilah Nanas Berdasarkan Tingkat Kematangan Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Blue Pill STM32F103C8T6." Journal of Energy, Material, and Instrumentation Technology 1, no. 3 (2020): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jemit.v1i3.27.
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The research about a design of prototype automatic pineapple sorting has been done with a belt conveyor system using a Blue Pill STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. This research was conducted to create a prototype that can sort pineapples based on maturity level by classified unripe, ripe, and fully ripe. Sorting pineapple against the pineapple ripeness classification was carried out by a simulation process using serial data of index maturity sent from the PC monitor serial to microcontroller via serial communication. The serial data sent in character format was an integer 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; and 7. The conveyor using a chain with gear transmission system and a DC motor as a drive. The results showed that the instument is capable of carrying a maximum load of pineapple fruit of 1.0 kg with a transport speed of 27,98 cm/s and can perform pineapple ripeness sorting with an accuracy more than 90%.
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Ms., Tapase Snehal Balkrishna, and S. A. Pardeshi Dr. "MODEL DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF AUTOMATIC COUNTING MACHINE USING PROXIMITY SENSOR." JournalNX - a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal RIT PG Con-18 (April 22, 2018): 217–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1413421.
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The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150521
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M., Thangavel, Chitirap Paavai L., Jayasuriya P J., Thalir Swathi B., Dinesh D., and PraveenaSri R. "Waste Classification System using Smart Sensors." June 2024 6, no. 2 (2024): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2024.2.007.
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An innovative approach to revolutionize waste management through the integration of advanced sensor technology and intelligent algorithms is proposed. Effective waste segregation is crucial in addressing the current needs. The main objective is to develop an efficient waste segregation system using various sensors to segregate degradable, non-recyclable, bio-medical waste, and organic-waste. A MCU unit with various types of sensors is used for segregation. A DC motor with conveyor belt is used to transfer wastes to respective bins, while an I2C connector with an LCD display is used to indicate the types of waste and whether the bin is filled or not. This research holds the potential to significantly mitigate environmental degradation and contribute to building a cleaner and more sustainable future. Based on the system’s performance, it can be extended to automated smart city waste management, and the skimming of crude-oil from ocean water.
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Duy Cong, Vo, and Le Hoai Phuong. "Design and development of a delta robot system to classify objects using image processing." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2669-2676.
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In this paper, a delta robot is designed to grasp objects in an automatic sorting system. The system consists of a delta robot arm for grasping objects, a belt conveyor for transmitting objects, a camera mounted above the conveyor to capture images of objects, and a computer for processing images to classify objects. The delta robot is driven by three direct current (DC) servo motors. The controller is implemented by an Arduino board and Raspberry Pi 4 computer. The Arduino is programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding motor. The Raspberry Pi 4 computer is used to process images of objects to classify objects according to their color. An image processing algorithm is developed to classify objects by color. The blue, green, red (BGR) image of objects is converted to HSV color space and then different thresholds are applied to recognize the object’s color. The robot grasps objects and put them in the correct position according to information received from Raspberry. Experimental results show that the accuracy when classifying red and yellow objects is 100%, and for green objects is 97.5%. The system takes an average of 1.8 s to sort an object.
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Vo, Duy Cong, and Hoai Phuong Le. "Design and development of a delta robot system to classify objects using image processing." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 2669–76. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2669-2676.
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In this paper, a delta robot is designed to grasp objects in an automatic sorting system. The system consists of a delta robot arm for grasping objects, a belt conveyor for transmitting objects, a camera mounted above the conveyor to capture images of objects, and a computer for processing images to classify objects. The delta robot is driven by three direct current (DC) servo motors. The controller is implemented by an Arduino board and Raspberry Pi 4 computer. The Arduino is programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding motor. The Raspberry Pi 4 computer is used to process images of objects to classify objects according to their color. An image processing algorithm is developed to classify objects by color. The blue, green, red (BGR) image of objects is converted to HSV color space and then different thresholds are applied to recognize the object’s color. The robot grasps objects and put them in the correct position according to information received from Raspberry. Experimental results show that the accuracy when classifying red and yellow objects is 100%, and for green objects is 97.5%. The system takes an average of 1.8 s to sort an object.
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Gazali, Ria, and Ismuharram Ismuharram. "PROTOTYPE MODUL LATIH PNEUMATIC DAN MOTOR DC BERBASIS PLC." JEIS: JURNAL ELEKTRO DAN INFORMATIKA SWADHARMA 1, no. 2 (2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56486/jeis.vol1no2.100.
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Development to realize basic technical competencies that are relevant to the conditions that will be faced in the world of work. It is necessary for teaching media or practicum media that can support and increase students' knowledge and insight regarding the technical application of these courses in the real world, especially in industry. Courses that study pneumatic systems and Programmable Logic Control (PLC) require practical media that can simulate industrial automation processes. In this paper, we will present the design of pneumatic modulation and dc motors that can be used as pneumatic system simulators and dc motors with PLC controllers. This experimental research includes the following stages: planning, manufacture, testing and finalization. This training module is designed to be portable using lightweight and easy-to-obtain materials, and is suitable for PLC learning simulations. Automated systems are represented by electro-pneumatic systems, which can apply industrial processes such as goods propulsion systems, belt conveyor systems and goods chopping systems.
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Wildan, Muhamad, Arief Goeritno, and Joki Irawan. "Embedded Device Berbasis PLC pada Miniatur Konveyor untuk Pengoperasian Simulator Rejection System." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 5, no. 2 (2021): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v5i2.2994.
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A PLC-based embedded device on a miniature conveyor machine for operating a rejection system has been designed and constructed. The research objectives, namely (i) design and manufacture of an integrated system, (ii) making program structure based on a ladder diagram, and (iii) measuring the performance of an integrated system. Integrated system assembled from a miniature of the conveyor machines and belt installation, and installing the dc motor, while the rejection system assembly by placing several sensors, installing stepper motor, and wiring to the PLC system. Programming based on ladder diagram carried out by determining algorithms, compiling the ladder diagram, addressing the input/output, and compiling and uploading the program from PC to PLC. The performance of the integrated system was observed when (a) observation during synchronization, (b) observations of sensor readings while the rejection system simulator is operating, and (c) observation and measurement of the processing time of the rejection arm. Overall results have been obtained in the form of a PLC-based embedded device for the rejection system simulator on observations of the condition of the bottle caps for beverage packaging. Based on the overall observation, the PLC-based embedded device has functioned to operate the rejection system can be implemented at a manufacturing scale.
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S, Akanksha, Bindushree K, Rachana R, Sharadhi M. K, and Saravana M. K. "Efficient Garbage Management System Using Machine Learning." Perspectives in Communication, Embedded-systems and Signal-processing - PiCES 5, no. 10 (2022): 97–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6026635.
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Garbage management is essential in today’s society. Due to the increase in population, the waste generation is getting doubled day by day. Therefore, it is imperative that we examine the process of garbage collection, segregation, and automation for better management of the garbage materials. This project provides a solution that can detect, identify and segregate waste objects into Bio-Degradable and Non-Biodegradable garbage classification. This work is an integration of machine learning concepts using. Numbers of ways have been proposed to solve this challenge; a new concept uses a conveyor belt and a camera module that can sort garbage objects at the initial stage of segregation. The segregating module is DC geared motors sorts these garbage objects into two different categories, namely Bio-Degradable and Non-Biodegradable garbage. Our main aim is to segregate the collected garbage objects into two categories of bio-degradable wastes and non-biodegradable wastes. So, when the unwanted garbage is discarded in two different dustbins at the source itself which in turn allows effective treatment and disposal. So, Efficient garbage management administration makes the garbage collection productive.
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Savitri, Valiyana, and Nefy Puteri Novani. "Sistem Pemandian dan Pembersihan Sangkar Burung Murai Batu Otomatis Berbasis Internet Of Things." CHIPSET 5, no. 02 (2025): 132–44. https://doi.org/10.25077/chipset.5.02.132-144.2024.
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This study designs an automated bathing and cage cleaning system for Murai Batu birds based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using the NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller. The system integrates a turbidity sensor to monitor water clarity, an ultrasonic sensor to measure water level, and a load cell sensor to detect waste weight. Additionally, a PIR sensor is used to detect the bird's presence, while a stepper motor and relay are employed to automate the opening and closing of the door. Cage cleaning is performed by operating a belt conveyor driven by a DC motor, and water replacement is conducted using a water pump. All components are controlled by the NodeMCU ESP32, with monitoring facilitated through the Telegram application. The implementation results demonstrate that the system is effective, achieving sensor accuracies of 95.4%, 97.7%, and 97.36%, respectively, and providing convenience for bird owners in managing and monitoring the system remotely.
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MISS., RESHMA BAGAL, SHIVAJI KAMBALE MR., SUSHILKUMAR MADANE MR., KALUBARME PRAVIN, and MALVE MR.ABHIJEET. "AUTOMATIC WATER BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM." IJIERT - International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology NCMTEE-2K18 (March 31, 2018): 91–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1451213.
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<strong>The project is aimed at automatic bottle filling and counting. This project will automatically count the bottles using IR sensors. The overall system is liberated from human interventions . The efficiency of this system is high and it helps in automatic bottle filling and counting. Control system is the main part which includes Arduino programming to control various components in this system. It is aimed to eliminate the various problems fa ced by small scale industries while packing the bottles. This system works automatically and reduces working and operation costs respectively.</strong> <strong>https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=141230</strong>
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Olejnik, Paweł, and Jan Awrejcewicz. "Effectiveness of the Sliding Mode Control in a Two Coupled Discontinuous Dynamical Systems with Dry Friction." Solid State Phenomena 248 (March 2016): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.248.77.
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Numerical modeling and a tracking control of angular velocity of a rotor measured in the assumed sliding contact bearing subject to a discontinuous dynamical loading has been performed in this contribution. A contact interface in the direct current motor’s sleeve bearing has been treated as a dynamical system with dry friction, including a few sources of the stick-slip and creep-slip effects. The object of control is subject to an irregularly changing torque generated by another discontinuous dynamical system with friction. The loading comes from a block-on-belt model of a conveyer system with intensification of friction force, which has been elastically coupled with the direct current rotor’s shaft by means of the transmission belt. Therefore, the dynamic loading of the DC motor changes because of time-varying linear velocity of two belts. If such additional torque oscillates while the rotational velocity of the motor’s shaft is small due to a requirement, then it significantly affects the entire system’s dynamics producing stronger nonlinear response of the motor’s speed.
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Yu, Qingxu, Xian Zhang, Guangqiao Cao, Yan Gong, and Xiao Chen. "Design and Experiment of Electric Control System for Self-Propelled Chinese Herbal Medicine Materials Transplanter." Agriculture 15, no. 6 (2025): 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15060621.
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To address the challenges of low efficiency and poor quality in the transplantation of the roots and stems of Chinese medicinal herbs, an electromechanical control system for Chinese medicinal herb transplantation was studied. The electronic control system employs an STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the main controller, utilizes a Hall sensor to capture the movement speed of the transplanter, employs an encoder to monitor the working speed of the DC drum motor and provide feedback to the system, and drives a belt conveyor for transplanter movement using a DC drum motor. The fuzzy PID algorithm is used to adjust the speed of the DC drum in real time based on the difference between the captured speed and the actual monitored speed, ensuring precise matching between the transplanting operation speed and the transplanter movement speed. The control system was simulated using Matlab/Simulink 2022b software . Compared to the traditional PID control algorithm, the steady-state error was reduced by 36.41%, the steady-state time was shortened by 47.26%, the response time was shorter, there was no overshoot, and the robustness was good. Based on the simulation test, a real machine-verification experiment was conducted. The test results indicated that, when operated at the forward speeds corresponding to the low-speed first gear (Low 1) and low-speed second gear (Low 2), the Codonopsis pilosula seedlings exhibited the following characteristics: the exposed seedling rate was 1.1% and 1.5%, the injured seedling rate was 0.5% and 0.7%, the unplanted rate was 1.6% and 2.2%, and the transplant qualification rate was 96.8% and 95.6%, respectively. Similarly, for Astragalus membranaceus seedlings at these speeds, the corresponding rates were as follows: the exposed seedling rate was 1.3% and 1.9%, the injured seedling rate was 0.4% and 0.5%, the unplanted rate was 0.8% and 1.2%, and the transplant qualification rate was 97.5% and 96.4%, respectively. Both results met the design requirements. This study lays a theoretical and technical foundation for controlling the transplanting speed, improving the transplanting accuracy, and promoting the mechanized development of transplantation in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Aladetola, Olaoluwa Demola, Najeem Olawale Adelakun, and Ayodeji O. Ajayi. "An Innovative Pick and Place Robotic Arm System Using an Atmega328 Microcontroller with Escalating Stabiity." Indian Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology (IJASET) 1, no. 2 (2022): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268648.
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It is well known that the pick and place mechanism can take the role of human arms, particularly in industrial settings, and that it is more accurate and faster at performing jobs. The mechanism created in this study is an inexpensive device controlled by sensors that can propel items swiftly. The proposed system simulates the behavior of a human in accomplishing a specific industrial job with increased stability than the existing designs. Ultrasonic sensors were used to sense anything for picking and positioning in industries, together with servo motors, an Atmega328 Arduino microprocessor, and light steel iron for the frames. The system's stability as derived from the theoretical equations is verified using Matlab software. The elevated stability was achieved utilizing a step input signal that is a type zero system. The observability, controllability, polar plot, and bode were also established. The phase difference for the bode plot is 173 degrees, and the system rise time is 1.01 seconds. The findings demonstrate the device's escalated stability and dependability, which will increase productivity and lower production costs when used by the industry. The device can be usefully utilized in an environment that is life-threatening to human beings. The limitation of the proposed system is that it is stationary and can be used only to move an object along a conveyor belt; it is not mobile. Nevertheless, it outperforms current ones economically. It is more affordable, exceedingly dependable, repeatable, and steady.
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Salih, Rafid, Shelan Kamal, Emad Adil, and Mohammed Ameen. "BOTTLE FILLING MACHINE USING ALLEN BRADLEY PLC AND PROFACE HMI." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 13, no. 1 (2024): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v13n1a1766.
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 The objective for this scientific paper is to build and design a bottle filling machine by using Allen Bradley PLC with Pro-face HMI. In this research, PLC Programmable Logic Controller with HMI is used to introduce a cup filling machine.
 
 
 
 
 (PLC) based controller in automation industry. The primary concept for the study is to design and fabricate a filling system by utilizing PLC. The cup is moved via a belt conveyor by using DC Stepper Motor. When the cup reaches the sensor, it will stop and the sensor will give instructions to the valve that controls the flow of the water. The position of the bottle is identified through the use of laser sensors so that the pump can operate when it is needed. The PLC used in this framework could be the Micrologic 1400 which makes the framework more adaptable and simpler to operate. When the bottle is beneath the tank, the pump starts, filling it with water. This filling device is inexpensive and can be utilized in bottle filling systems for small businesses like tea shops, milk industries, and any other liquid manufactures.
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Ashutosh, Sharma, Jain Bhupesh, Teli Mahaveer, and Kumar Salvi Mahendra. "Solution for the Automatic Bottle Filling using PLC." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 7, no. 9 (2020): 38–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10668472.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The goal of this sheet is to give concept of construction, working and component of Automatic bottle filling plant which is fully based on automation. Automation is used to trim the human efforts. The “BISLERI” water bottle filling by automation is one of the best applications of this concept. The bottle filling task is controlled by PLC controller which is heart of the whole system. Allen Bradley PLC is used for this system. The programming is done by the means of LADDER Programming language. To complete this task the component include apart of PLC are conveyer belt, DC motor, sensors, switches, SCADA (to control & monitor the function of the system. Through this task/system we reduce the Labour requirement and strengthen the profitability.
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R.M.R.D.Abeyrathna, Ekanayake E.M.A.C., and Amaratunga K.S.P. "Industrial Robotic Arm for Chilli Milling Process." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 9, no. 12 (2020): 130–33. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.L7932.1091220.
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Chilli (Capsicum annuum), one of the essential ingredients in Sri Lankan cuisine, is widely cultivated for producing dried chilli. The narrow conical-shaped chilli pods with wrinkled surface do not support much of the existing common mechanical feeding systems such as augers or bucket conveyorsin the chilli processing plants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to design and develop a robotic arm with a proper grabbing technique to feed chilli into the grinding mill. Furthermore, it is intended to install the developed robotic arm in an industrial level processing plant to test the feasibility of theindustrial application. The industrial robot designed in this study is primarily composed of three parts: the base, the arm and the wrist. These components connect with joints to form a unit. At the end of the wrist, an end-effector, which is a gripper for grasping chilli pods, is located.ATmega328 microcontroller, micro switches and DC motors were used to operate the robotic arm. The feeding rate is automatically controlled using a Hall Effect sensor. The robotic arm grabber was placed on top of the chilli containing trough (2.5m wide, 10.5m long, and 1.25m high) of an industrial level chilli processing plant.When operating, the grabber could grab 1.640±0.128 kg of chilli from the bulk in a single operation. The average time taken for one complete cycle of grabbing chilli, lifting the grabber, turning the arm on to the conveyer and releasing chilli on to the belt conveyor, varies from 20 s and 30 s depending on the height of chilli in the trough. The feeding rate varies from 440.6 kg/h and 218.66 kg/h when chilli is grabbed from the top and the bottom layers respectively. Therefore, this system can be recommended for maximum feeding rate of chilli up to 218.66 kg/h. Capacity can be increased by adding the same mechanism parallel or scaling up the existing system.
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Tiwari, Rajinder. "Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Robotic Manipulator using LabVIEW for Industrial Applications." Journal of Communications Technology, Electronics and Computer Science 7 (August 29, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22385/jctecs.v7i0.97.
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The robotic manipulator plays a dominant role in the domain of process industries based applications such as pick and drop, quality based sorting, etc. With the advent of these intelligent systems, the overall performance has been grown at a quite fast rate. This system has been mostly developed with the help of various hardware and software modules with the help of graphical coding language i.e. LabVIEW by National Instruments or MatLAB by Mathworks. This virtual intelligent system basically consists of a robotic manipulator, vision based systems, AI based processors i.e. a microcontroller, conveyor belts, etc. In this system, the degree of freedom (DOF) i.e. the movement of the manipulator is quite important which depends upon the nature of the application. For this intelligent system, various algorithms based approaches are implemented so as to execute the task i.e. image processing, coordinate determination, movement of the end effectors using various servo as well as DC motors, etc. In this present work, author has put forward a high performance automated intelligent system that provides a precise output with desired level of accuracy. With such characteristics, this virtual intelligent system can be utilized in various industrial applications where the quality is expected at a high rate with other dominant parameters. The simulation work of the system has been carried out with LabVIEW 2015 edition along with other hardware modules with desired results.
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Masroor, Suhaib, Chen Peng, and Eman H. Alkhammash. "Leader-Follower Multimotor Speed Coordination via Adaptive Fuzzy Multiagent Consensus Scheme." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 24, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2932788.
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Coordinated speed of interconnected motors has vast application in the industry. Typically, the smooth operation of the system relies on the coordinated speed of the multiple motors such as the conveyer belt system. Thus, the problem to have coordinated speed in a network-connected motor is mostly dealt with wire-connected architectures such as cross coupling. The presented study suggests a unique design to deal with the said problem by proposing a network model consisting of a DC chopper drive, termed as an ith agent of a network, while a leader-follower multiagent consensus algorithm is used, in a supervisory role, to ensure coordinated speed. Moreover, a hybrid controller (Fuzzy MRAC-RST), composed of Fuzzy logic controller, pole placement controller (F-RST), along with model reference adaptive controller (MRAC), is used to control the ith agent. The proposed hybrid controller along with MAS consensus algorithm forms an adaptive tracking performance and ensure coordinated speed. The MATLAB platform is used for simulation purpose, and the obtained results validate the design concept.
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Oche, J. E., H. A. Bashir, and T. J. Shima. "PSO-optimized model reference adaptive PID controller for precise DC motor speed control." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 21, no. 4 (2025): 135–44. https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v21i4.2473.
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Whenever DC motor operates at varying speeds and is expected to rotate in two directions with high precision, it becomes essential that uncertainties in the form of external disturbances and load variations in the system be considered. In such systems, the use of fixed-gain Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller alone is suboptimal as the controller lacks the ability to handle the uncertainties which causes the output response of the motor to have excessive overshoot, poor disturbance rejection and poor command-following. This paper presents a particle swarm-optimized model reference adaptive PID controller (PSO MRAC-PID) for precise DC motor speed control. The proposed controller can set the speed of a DC motor to track a predefined reference model and adapt to the effect of uncertainties and external disturbances, using a combination of two basic techniques namely, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) rule and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The MIT rule was utilised for the design of the adaptation mechanism and PSO was implemented for optimization of the adaptation gains of the MRAC-PID controller to enhance its overall performance. Comparative analyses with fixed gain PSO-PID and conventional MRAC-PID controllers indicate that the proposed PSO MRAC-PID achieves a 66.7% improvement in settling time, 0.4% improvement in overshoot, 35.3% reduction in control effort and a general improvement in command tracking and disturbance rejection. This outcome suggests that the proposed POS MRAC-PID controller can better suit realworld applications where precision is critical such as motor drives in conveyor belts, crane systems, among others. It also achieves control with greater energy savings as compared to the traditional methods – a crucial feature for greener and cleaner operations.
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Khawale, Pratik, Himayatulla Qazi, Abdal Malik, and Akshay Barua. "Handicap Pickup and Drop System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 876–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41307.
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Abstract: The project titled “Handicap Pickup And Drop System” is a ramp travelling mechanism which can be used in railway station, metros, airports, and on other transportation system where there is no proper facility for the handicap and senior citizen on the platforms of the transportation system. The main elements of the project are sensors, micro – controller, conveyer belt, DC motor. Micro controller can be said as the heart of the mechanism as it controllers all the various functions and programs of the mechanism. The project deals with the automation of process for the handicap and senior citizen in their transportation system. This system gives a fast and effortless operation for the individual. The controller for this system is supplied by a single phase AC supply. The program defines the kind of task to be performed on the system corresponding to the inputs. This control program is feed into using a program device such as PC. Sensors are used to sense the presence of the individuals position. The signal from the sensor is as input to the controller. The controller gives the control signal to the actuators in the conveyer to move the chair to the appropriate position. The whole process can be done in a single operation and can be stopped after the process is completed. Thus this system gives a faster and reliable control to reduce the effort and ease the travelling experience for the handicap or the senior citizen. In the current scenario if a handicap or the senior citizen wants to go the train, it was a nightmare because first he/ she has to take the ticket from the ticket counter and then go to the appropriate compartment by himself or with the help of someone. The micro-controller controls the complete working of the system. It is common to use microcontrollers to make simple logical control decision.
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Oleh, Pihnastyi, and Khodusov Valery. "Hydrodynamic Kelvin-Voigt Model Transportation System." East European Journal of Physics 4 (November 30, 2020): 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50794-7_6.
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The hydrodynamic Kelvin-Voigt model of production systems with a flow method of organizing production is considered. The main macro parameters of the state of the production line and the relationship between them are determined. The analysis of the main characteristics of models of elastic elements, which are used to analyze the occurrence of the dynamic stresses in a moving conveyor belt, is presented. A boundary value problem for elastic longitudinal vibrations in a conveyor belt with a moving material is formulated. It is assumed that the deformation of the conveyor belt element corresponds to the Kelvin-Voigt model and there is no sliding of the moving material on the belt. When determining the forces of resistance to motion acting on an element of the belt, the recommendations of DIN 22101: 2002-08 were used. The analysis of the Kelvin-Voigt model of the elastic element is carried out and the distinctive features of the model are demonstrated. The justification of the choice of the Kelvin-Voigt model of an elastic element for describing the process of occurrence of the longitudinal vibrations in a conveyor belt is given. The dependence of the non-uniform flow of material and the magnitude of tensions in the belt is estimated. An expression is written for the speed of propagation of disturbances along a moving conveyor belt with the material. The reasons for the acceleration and deceleration of the conveyor belt associated with the uneven supply of material at the entrance of the transport system are determined. The relationship between the speed of a conveyor belt and the mass of material along a section of the conveyor is demonstrated. It is shown that an increase in the power of the electric motor at the start and acceleration of the conveyor belt, as well as a decrease in power during the braking and stopping of the conveyor belt, is the cause of the appearance of dynamic stresses in it. The characteristic phases of the initial movement of the conveyor belt with the material are analyzed. The process of occurrence of dynamic tensions with the constant and variable acceleration of the conveyor belt for the phase of acceleration and deceleration of the conveyor belt is investigated. For the analysis, a dimensionless model of a conveyor line was used. An expression is obtained for static and dynamic tensions in the conveyor belt. The amplitude of oscillations of dynamic stresses and the characteristic time of damping of oscillations in a conveyor belt is estimated. A quadratic dependence of the speed of damping of a wave of dynamic tensions with an increase in the oscillation frequency is demonstrated. An inversely proportional dependence of the characteristic decay time of the generated dynamic tensions on the value of the viscosity coefficient of the composite material of the conveyor belt is shown.
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SHIRAI, Norio. "Belt Insertion Conveyor System." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 108, no. 1044 (2005): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.108.1044_856.
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Zhou, Qixun, Hao Gong, Guanghui Du, Yingxing Zhang, and Hucheng He. "Distributed Permanent Magnet Direct-Drive Belt Conveyor System and Its Control Strategy." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228699.
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The long-distance traditional belt conveyor driven by a single high-power motor has the problems of excessive tension increments and sharp fluctuations in speed and tension. This paper designs a distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor system. The dynamic model of the conveyor belt unit and the permanent magnet motor is analyzed. The multi-motor ring coupling control strategy and the double sliding film direct torque control strategy of the belt conveyor system are formulated. The mechanical-electrical coupling dynamic model of the belt conveyor system is built. Using MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulation, the vector control strategy and electromechanical coupling dynamic behavior of the traditional belt conveyor system and the distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor system under light load start-up and local variable load operation conditions are studied. The results show that: the distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor system significantly reduces the peak of conveyor belt tension increment; the time spent under the starting light-load operation condition is shorter, and the fluctuation amplitude of speed and tension is smaller; it is possible to reduce the speed and tension fluctuation range of the conveying system and improve the robustness of the conveying system under local variable load conditions. Experiments have verified that increasing the number of drive motors in a conventional belt conveyor can suppress the disturbance caused by local load changes, and the distributed permanent magnet direct-drive belt conveyor has better dynamic regulation performance.
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Zhang, Mengchao, Hao Shi, Yan Yu, and Manshan Zhou. "A Computer Vision Based Conveyor Deviation Detection System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072402.
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The monitoring of conveyor belt deviation based on computer vision is the research topic of this paper. A belt conveyor system equipped with cameras and a laser generator is used as the test apparatus. Two kinds of conveyor condition monitoring algorithms are developed, applied and compared in this paper. Method 1 is to extract the edges of the conveyor belt based on the methods of edge detection and line fitting, and an analysis method is proposed to quickly determine whether the conveyor belt is off course. This method simplifies the information processing process after edge line extraction and realizes the fast and effective state detection of the conveyor belt. A conveyor belt deviation detection system was built in Method 2 with the aid of laser technology and the Labview platform. The result of deviation detection was more accurate and reliable with the addition of the laser line. It is observed that both methods can perform well for belt deviation detection, especially Method 2 that resulted in higher reliability and accuracy with faster processing speed. It provides new ideas for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the conveyor.
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Oleh, Pihnastyi, and Khodusov Valery. "Hydrodynamic Model of Transport System." East European Journal of Physics 1 (January 11, 2020): 121–36. https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2020-1-11.
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A hydrodynamic model of production systems with a flow method of organizing production is considered. The basic macro-parameters of the state of the production flow line and the relationship between them are determined. The choice of a lot of moment approximation for modelling the production line is justified. It is shown that the conveyor-type flow line is a complex dynamic system with distributed parameters. The boundary value problem is formulated for the longitudinal vibrations of the conveyor belt when the material moves along the transportation route. It is assumed that there is no sliding of material along the conveyor belt, and the deformation that occurs in the conveyor belt is proportional to the applied force (Hooke's elastic deformation model). The significant effect of the uneven distribution of the material along the transportation route on the propagation velocity of dynamic stresses in the conveyor belt is shown. When constructing the boundary and initial conditions, the recommendations of DIN 22101:2002-08 were used. The mechanism of the occurrence of longitudinal vibrations of the conveyor belt when the material moves along the transportation route is investigated. The main parameters of the model that cause dynamic stresses are determined. It is shown that dynamic stresses are formed as a result of a superposition of stresses in the direct and reflected waves. Analytical expressions are written that make it possible to calculate the magnitude of dynamic stresses in a conveyor belt and determine the conditions for the occurrence of destruction of the conveyor belt. The characteristic phases of the initial movement of the material along the technological route are considered. The process of the emergence of dynamic stresses with the constant and variable acceleration of the conveyor belt is investigated. The dynamics of stress distribution along the transportation route is presented. It is shown that the value of dynamic stresses can exceed the maximum permissible value, which leads to the destruction of the conveyor belt or structural elements. The transition period is estimated, which is required to ensure a trouble-free mode of transport operation during acceleration or braking of the conveyor belt. The use of dimensionless parameters allows us to formulate criteria for the similarity of conveyor systems.
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Wang, Xu Ming. "Study on the Quality Evaluation System of Belt Conveyor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.169.
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The belt Conveyor is widely used in all kinds of machanics, so the quality evaluation of belt conveyor is very necessary. Extenics theory is frequently used to build matter-element model. This paper uses theory of matter elements analysis to establish the mathematical models for the quality evaluation of belt conveyor, presents an evaluation regulation, calculates the relational degree, and define the weights of evaluation indexes with the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the quality grade of the awaiting evaluation belt conveyor is established.
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Sakharwade, Sanjay G., and Shubharata Nagpal. "Analysis of Transient Belt Stretch for Horizontal and Inclined Belt Conveyor System." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 5 (2019): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2019.4.5-092.
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Belt is costliest part of belt conveyor system. Sudden rise in belt tension within transient starting condition, results in belt failure and structure damage. It is difficult to measure these stresses by static calculation method and hence their presence might go undetected. Belt elongation is an evident quantity for these stresses. Dynamic belt stretch is formulated in terms of displacement response of conjugative belt units with respect to time. This paper presents analysis of the event and propagation of dynamic belt stretch for straight horizontal and straight inclined belt conveyor system. Dynamic behavior of belt system is investigated for starting condition of fully stacked conveyor belt. Belt conveyor system is considered as series of vibrating mass and its unit is assumed to be a viscoelastic segment. Equation of motion of belt unit is developed by Lagrange’s approach. Observed transient parameters are more vibrant in inclined belt than the horizontal belt system. Maximum value of dynamic belt stretch for horizontal belt systems founds 1.13% of total belt length and for inclined belt conveyor system, it is 1.16% of belt length. Both values are within range of standard value specified for fabric belt system.
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Shareef, Israa R., and Hiba K. Hussein. "Implementation of artificial neural network to achieve speed control and power saving of a belt conveyor system." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 2 (110) (2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.224137.
Full textAbstract:
According to the importance of the conveyor systems in various industrial and service lines, it is very desirable to make these systems as efficient as possible in their work. In this paper, the speed of a conveyor belt (which is in our study a part of an integrated training robotic system) is controlled using one of the artificial intelligence methods, which is the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). A visions sensor will be responsible for gathering information about the status of the conveyor belt and parts over it, where, according to this information, an intelligent decision about the belt speed will be taken by the ANN controller. ANN will control the alteration in speed in a way that gives the optimized energy efficiency through the conveyor belt motion. An optimal speed controlling mechanism of the conveyor belt is presented by detecting smartly the parts' number and weights using the vision sensor, where the latter will give sufficient visualization about the system. Then image processing will deliver the important data to ANN, which will optimally decide the best conveyor belt speed. This decided speed will achieve the aim of power saving in belt motion. The proposed controlling system will optimally switch the speed of the conveyor belt system to ON, OFF and idle status in order to minimize the consumption of energy in the conveyor belt. As the conveyor belt is fully loaded it moves at its maximum speed. But if the conveyor is partially loaded, the speed will be adjusted accordingly by the ANN. If no loading existed, the conveyor will be stopped. By this way, a very significant energy amount in addition to cost will be saved. The developed conveyor belt system will modernize industrial manufacturing lines, besides reducing energy consumption and cost and increasing the conveyor belts lifetime
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Israa, R. Shareef, and K. Hussein Hiba. "Implementation of artificial neural network to achieve speed control and power saving of a belt conveyor system." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 2(110) (2021): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.224137.
Full textAbstract:
According to the importance of the conveyor systems in various industrial and service lines, it is very desirable to make these systems as efficient as possible in their work. In this paper, the speed of a conveyor belt (which is in our study a part of an integrated training robotic system) is controlled using one of the artificial intelligence methods, which is the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). A visions sensor will be responsible for gathering information about the status of the conveyor belt and parts over it, where, according to this information, an intelligent decision about the belt speed will be taken by the ANN controller. ANN will control the alteration in speed in a way that gives the optimized energy efficiency through the conveyor belt motion. An optimal speed controlling mechanism of the conveyor belt is presented by detecting smartly the parts' number and weights using the vision sensor, where the latter will give sufficient visualization about the system. Then image processing will deliver the important data to ANN, which will optimally decide the best conveyor belt speed. This decided speed will achieve the aim of power saving in belt motion. The proposed controlling system will optimally switch the speed of the conveyor belt system to ON, OFF and idle status in order to minimize the consumption of energy in the conveyor belt. As the conveyor belt is fully loaded it moves at its maximum speed. But if the conveyor is partially loaded, the speed will be adjusted accordingly by the ANN. If no loading existed, the conveyor will be stopped. By this way, a very significant energy amount in addition to cost will be saved. The developed conveyor belt system will modernize industrial manufacturing lines, besides reducing energy consumption and cost and increasing the conveyor belts lifetime
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Jawale, Rutuja V., and Safa A. Mujawar. "AUTOMATED CONVEYOR SYSTEM." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 04 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem02923.
Full textAbstract:
Present world is very much competitive world. Up growing technology is very much responsible in this case. The nation which have more updated technology, it dominates the world. To survive in the competition technology is very much important. Industry has very much influence on economy for a nation. Where there is industry, there must be production of some products. Technological improvement is very much necessary to industry for better product. Automation is very necessary for industry. Conveyor belt is used to carry this product from one station to another. It is a necessary tool in the production line of an industry. The objects can be sorted in a conveyor belt according to its height. For this purpose, a product will have to be placed on a conveyor belt which is operated by a motor. Then after checking the height of the product, the exact or lower than that height of the products will be thrown to the product box and the greater than the exact height products will be rejected to the waste box by automatic rejection process and the accepted products will also be counted automatically which is performed by user defined rules.
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Sun, Xiaoxia, Yongqi Wang, and Wenjun Meng. "Evaluation System of Curved Conveyor Belt Deviation State Based on the ARIMA–LSTM Combined Prediction Model." Machines 10, no. 11 (2022): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10111042.
Full textAbstract:
The deviation of conveyor belts is a key factor that restricts material conveying efficiency of horizontal curves. An evaluation system of the deviation state of curve conveyor belt based on the ARIMA–LSTM combined prediction model is proposed in this study to investigate the deviation state of the conveyor belt. This system has been used for detection, prediction, deviation correction, and early warning of the conveyor belt deviation state. First, the experiment system of the conveyor belt deviation was built. The conveyor belt deviation images were collected using the machine vision method, and the conveyor belt deviation state data set was established. Second, the mechanical model of curve conveyor belt deviation is presented and solved. The correctable deviation range of the idler frame under different elevations and trough angles was obtained by solving the problem. Third, the ARIMA–LSTM combined prediction model of conveyor belt deviation based on series-parallel weighing method was put forward. The analysis results showed that the ARIMA–LSTM combined prediction model is suitable for the prediction of conveyor belt deviation in terms of accuracy, fitting degree, time, and performance. Finally, the deviation state evaluation system was established to realize the visual fusion of the ARIMA–LSTM combined model in the range of correctable deviation of the idler frame. The OCSVM algorithm was used to detect the abnormal deviation of the conveyor belt. The experiment shows that the evaluation system can predict and send out early warning signals according to the detection results, provide corresponding suggestions for adjusting the deviation correction angle, and realize an efficient and intelligent solution for the evaluation of the curved section belt deviation state.
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Kusumaningtyas, Indraswari, Ashley J. G. Nuttall, and Gabriel Lodewijks. "Dynamics of Multiple-Drive Belt Conveyors during Starting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.141.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the dynamics of multiple-drive belt conveyors during starting is discussed. The aim of the research is to determine whether the belt sections in a multiple-drive belt conveyor can be viewed as a single-drive belt conveyor, and whether the DIN 22101 standard for the starting of a single-drive belt conveyor can still be used for the starting of a multiple-drive belt conveyor. A finite element model of a belt conveyor system was built in Matlab, consisting of a model of the belt and its support structure, and a model of the drive system. In this work, the simulations were carried out for the starting procedures of empty belt conveyors with varying number of drives. For each simulation case, the linear start-up procedure was tested. The simulations focused on the study of the axial elastic response of the belt. The simulations revealed that, by using more drives, the maximum belt stress during non-stationary as well as stationary conditions decreased. However, when using reduced starting times, negative stresses occur in the system. Overall, it was observed that the behaviour of each section between two drive stations in the multiple-drive belt conveyor differed from those of the single-drive belt conveyor. Therefore, the DIN 22101 guidelines for the start-up of a single-drive belt conveyor cannot be applied directly for the start-up of a multiple-drive belt conveyor.