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Journal articles on the topic 'DC, LDC'

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Published: 4 September 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Liu, Lingling, Shaoru Zhang, Fanglin Luo, Shuai Wang, Yikun Jia, and Chenjie Qie. "High-gain Boost DC-DC converters: A-LDC converter and S-LDC converter." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 27, no. 8 (2017): e2335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.2335.

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Liu, Lingling, Shaoru Zhang, Fanglin Luo, Chenjie Qie, and Guigai Zhang. "High boost DC-DC converter: HB-LDC converter." IEICE Electronics Express 16, no. 6 (2019): 20181138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.16.20181138.

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Rosenblatt, J., R. Stone, C. Lenahan, et al. "Leukemic blasts fail to differentiate into mature antigen presenting cells, and may hinder dendritic cell maturation in vitro and in vivo." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 10556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.10556.

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10556 Background: Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the development of tumor specific immune responses. Dendritic cells differentiated from leukemic blasts (LDC) are being explored as a tumor vaccine in AML. We examined the phenotypic and functional characteristics of LDC, the phenotypic characteristics of native DC in AML patients, and the effect of leukemic blasts on the phenotype of DC generated from normal donors. Methods: Leukemia blasts were isolated from peripheral blood of 24 patients with AML. LDC were generated by culturing blasts in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNFa for 7 days. The phenotype of circulating DC1 (CD11C+/lin-) and DC2 (CD123+/ lin-) in AML patients was assessed by multichannel FACS analysis. To assess the effect of blasts on DC maturation, adherent mononuclear cells were isolated from normal donors, combined with leukemia cells in a 10:1 ratio, and cultured with GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNFa. Results: LDC demonstrate only modest expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 (mean expression 10% and 32%) and poorly express the maturation marker CD83 (mean expression 4%). Interferon gamma production by autologous T cells was not higher after stimulation with LDC than with blasts. LDC stimlation resulted in a 2 fold increase in both CD4+/CD25+/CD69+ (activated) and CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+ (regulatory) T cells. Given the inability of leukemia progenitors to differentiate into phenotypically mature DC, we assessed whether leukemia cells directly inhibit differentiation of DC from normal progenitors. Expression of costimulatory molecules was decreased in DC differentiated in the presence of blasts. Mean expression of CD80, CD83, and CD86 was 16%, 2%, 83% and 49%, 10%, 99% for DCs generated in the presence or absence blasts respectively. Phenotypic characteristics of native DC in patients with AML were examined. In 3 experiments, a predominance of DC2 was seen (ratio DC2/DC1 5), and both DC1 and DC2 poorly expressed CD83 (mean expression 9% DC1, 0.9% DC2). Conclusions: LDC have phenotypic and functional deficiencies, limiting their efficacy as a tumor vaccine. Contact with leukemic blasts may inhibit DC maturation in vitro and in vivo, which may contribute to the lack of effective antitumor immunity in AML patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Gong, J. L., K. M. McCarthy, J. Telford, T. Tamatani, M. Miyasaka, and E. E. Schneeberger. "Intraepithelial airway dendritic cells: a distinct subset of pulmonary dendritic cells obtained by microdissection." Journal of Experimental Medicine 175, no. 3 (1992): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.175.3.797.

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Dendritic cells (DC), in general, and pulmonary DC, in particular, are a heterogeneous population of cells, their phenotype and function being dependent on their anatomic location, their state of activation, and the regulatory effect of locally secreted cytokines. Using a novel microdissection technique, the epithelium from the trachea and entire airway system was harvested, and the contained DC isolated at greater than 90% purity. The phenotype and function of these airway DC (ADC) was compared to DC isolated, at greater than 90% purity, from the parenchyma of the same lung. In contrast to lung DC (LDC), ADC did not express intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in situ, the amount of immune associated antigen (Ia) expressed was less (as determined by immunoperoxidase staining and immunopanning), and greater than 50% of ADC displayed Fc receptors (FcR). The majority of LDC were ICAM-1+, less than 5% expressed FcR, and all were intensely Ia+. Airway DC were most numerous in tracheal epithelium, but they were also present in small numbers in the epithelium of the most distal airways. Their numbers increased in all segments of the tracheobronchial epithelium in response to the administration of IFN-gamma. ADC were consistently more effective than LDC in presenting soluble (hen egg lysozyme) and particulate (heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes) antigens to antigen-sensitized T cells. By contrast, LDC were significantly more efficient in stimulating the proliferation of nonsensitized T cells in an autologous mixed leukocyte reaction. These data suggest that in normal animals, intraepithelial DC of airways share many attributes with Langerhans cells of the skin. Interstitial LDC, by contrast, reside in an environment where they may be exposed to a different set of regulatory factors and where they have progressed to a more advanced stage of differentiation than ADC. Both groups of DC are, however, heterogeneous, reflecting the continuous turnover that these cells undergo in the lung.

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Rosenblatt, Jacalyn, Richard Stone, Corrine Lenahan, et al. "Leukemia Derived Dendritic Cells (LDCs) Are Functionally Deficient and Inferior to DC/Leukemia Fusion Cells as a Tumor Vaccine for AML." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2788.2788.

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Abstract We have previously demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs) fused with malignant cells stimulate anti-tumor immunity by presenting a braod array of tumor antigens in the context of DC mediated costimulation. DCs differentiated from leukemia cells (LDCs) are also being explored as cancer vaccines in which leukemia associated antigens are presented. We examined the phenotypic and functional characteristics of DC/Leukemia fusions and LDCs to assess their potential as tumor vaccines. Leukemia blasts were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with AML. CD34 selection was performed on a subset of samples by magnetic bead separation. LDCs were generated by culturing blasts in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNFα for 7 days. Alternatively, leukemia cells were fused with DC by coculture in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Differentiation of leukemic blasts into LDCs resulted in increased expression of HLA-DR and CD 11c. Unlike normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, differentiation of leukemic blasts resulted in only modest expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86 (mean expression 12% and 30%) and no increase in expression of the maturation marker, CD83 (mean expression 4%). In addition, expression of the leukemia associated antigen c-kit (CD117) was lower on LDCs than on blasts (mean expression 34% on blasts, 15% on LDCs). To assess the capacity of the primitive leukemia clonal population to differentiate into DCs, CD34+ cells were isolated from the blast population and assessed after cytokine differentiation. Cytokine differentiation did not result in upregulation of CD80, CD83, or CD86 expression in the CD34+ population (mean expression 5%, 2%, 17%). In contrast, differentiation of the CD34- population resulted in moderate expression of CD80, CD83 and CD86 (mean expression 15%, 14%, 48%). In contrast to LDCs which do not strongly express co-stimulatory molecules and lose expression of leukemia associated antigens, fusion cells expressed both DC and tumor associated antigens (mean fusion efficiency 27%). The functional characteristics of DC derived from leukemic blasts were examined. Allogeneic T cell proliferation in response to stimulation by LDCs was not significantly higher than after stimulation with undifferentiated blasts (ratio 10:1, mean SI 17% with LDCs vs 9% with undifferentiated blasts, p=0.19). Neither stimulation with blasts nor with LDCs induced T cell production of interferon gamma. In contrast, interferon gamma production by T cells in response to stimulation with fusion cells was higher than after stimulation with undifferentiated blasts. In summary, LDCs do not demonstrate normal upregulation of costimulatory molecules, and lose expression of tumor antigens. In contrast, DC/leukemia fusions coexpress tumor and DC associated markers. While LDCs stimulate interferon gamma production by T cells poorly, fusion cells more potently stimulate interferon gamma production by allogeneic T cells than do undifferentiated blasts. This suggests that LDC may be ineffective as a tumor vaccine in AML, and that fusion cells may be superior to LDC in generating effective anti-tumor immune responses. Strategies to enhance the ability of both LDC and of fusion cells to stimulate anti-tumor immunity are being explored.

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Noh, Jung-Hun, Seong-il Song, and Deog-Jae Hur. "Numerical Analysis of the Cooling Performance in a 7.2 kW Integrated Bidirectional OBC/LDC Module." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010270.

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To satisfy increasing demands for ecofriendly vehicles, researchers are now studying electric vehicle (EV)-related technologies. In particular, integrated bidirectional onboard battery charger (OBC)/low-voltage DC–DC converter (LDC) modules are being researched to improve the efficiency of onboard chargers for EV charging applications. In this study, a numerical analysis method is proposed that considers the power loss and heat flow characteristics in the design of a 7.2 kW integrated bidirectional OBC/LDC module. The developed module supports four operating modes depending on the service situation: OBC and LDC single operation, OBC/LDC simultaneous operation, and LDC operation. The mode is selected based on the power system flow. The characteristics of the circuit were analyzed in each of the four modes to compute the heat loss from the major heating elements. The results of a numerical analysis of the internal cooling characteristics showed that the internal temperature was higher in the OBC single operating mode than in the OBC and LDC simultaneous operating mode in which the power loss was the highest. The results emphasize the importance of ensuring that cooling designs consider the characteristics of various modes as well as the worst-case power loss.

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Hettihewa, Samanthala, and Christopher S. Wright. "Socio-Economic Differences and Deployment of the LDC Micro-Finance Bottom-up Approach in DCs." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 8, no. 2 (2010): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2010040104.

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Microfinance (MF), after showing great success in poverty-relief in less-developed countries (LDCs), has experiencing rapid growth and interest in developed countries (DCs). However, current DC MF literature gives the impression that survival concerns are diverting DC MF from its original poverty-relief intent. As e-technology evolves, further threats and opportunities are created for MF by changing cost structures and relationships. This study uses descriptive analysis to infer that DC MF needs redesigning for DC socio-economic conditions or it will continue gaining a reputation of being too poorly focused, ineffective, and inefficient for use in DCs. After showing that LDC poverty is harsher than DC poverty, this paper reviews current-performance concerns of DC MF, links those issues with the effect of regulatory and other socio-economic factors on micro-enterprise, discusses how MF can relieve poverty in DCs, and concludes that MF needs refocusing before DCs investing in further developing/adapting MF infrastructure.

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Perna, Serena K., Monica Casucci, Attilio Bondanza, et al. "Leukemic Blasts Secondary to Myelodysplastic Syndromes Are Molecularly Programmed To Differentiate into Functionally Mature Dendritic Cells." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1801.1801.

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Abstract Adoptive immunotherapy of leukemia aims at eradicating the disease through the transfer of leukemia-reactive lymphocytes. Donor lymphocytes infusions (DLI) after allogeneic hemopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) have shown to cure chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Unfortunately, when applied to acute leukemias, the DLI approach is far less successful. Strategies to increase the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy for the cure of acute leukemias are therefore urgently needed. To this aim, blasts from acute myeloid leukemias (AML) can be differentiated in vitro into dendritic cells (leukemic DC or LDC) that directly present leukemic antigens to T lymphocytes. This is commonly achieved by culturing AML blasts with cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-α for 7–14 days. LDC can be further induced to functional maturation by exposure to CD40L. The efficacy of these protocols is, however, suboptimal, since a large proportion of AML sub-types do not differentiate into LDC. The addition of calcium ionophore (A23187) has been shown to rescue some of the cases. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics associated with the ability of blast from AML to differentiate into functionally mature LDC. To this, we studied a cohort of 17 consecutive AML patients. AML blasts were induced to differentiate into LDC either by GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF- α or by cytokines and A23187. LDC were further matured with CD40L. LDC differentiation was defined by expression of MHC class II, costimulatory (CD80, CD86, CD40, CD70) and adhesion molecules (CD54, CD58). The overall efficacy of LDC differentiation by cytokines was 20%. Maturation of LDC induced by cytokines failed, as ascertained by the lack of up-regulation of CD83 and the chemokine receptor CCR7. Upon exposure of AML blasts to cytokines and A23187, we observed LDC differentiation in more than 90% of the cases. LDC differentiation occurred in 24–48 hrs and was associated with the maintenance of disease markers expression (c-kit, CD34). Interestingly, blasts derived from AML secondary to myelodysplastic syndromes directly differentiated into mature LDC. On the other hand, LDC derived from primary AML were insensitive to the maturative stimulus CD40L. Accordingly, LDC from secondary AML were the most potent inducers of allogeneic T-cell proliferation. The efficacy of the combination of calcium ionophore and cytokines in differentiating myelodysplastic blasts into LDC provides the rational for novel adoptive immunotherapeutic approaches to treat high risk AML. Furthermore, the differential ability of primary leukemic blasts and blasts secondary to myelodysplastic syndromes to rapidly differentiate into functionally mature LDC suggest the existence of molecular factors committing AML cells to the DC lineage. The identification of such factors and their exploitation, for example by gene transfer, will enable the generation of LDC from all cases of AML for the stimulation of the immune system against leukemia.

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Bissell, Richard A., and Jean Conover. "International Emergency Health Care Systems Survey." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 6, no. 2 (1991): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00028272.

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AbstractMedical emergencies occur in every country regardless of its level of socio-economic development. Little comparative data are available which define the characteristics of the system by which some emergencies are managed. Without such comparisons, it is difficult for countries to establish appropriate priorities within their geographic, cultural, and economic constraints. In an effort to gather some of these needed data, a survey was distributed to the participants in an International Conference on Emergency Health Care (EHC) Development convened in Washington, D. C, in August 1989. Each country participating was classified as Industrialized (INDUS), Developing (DC), or Least Developed (LDC) in accordance with World Health Organization definitions. Responses are expressed as proportion of total participants.There were 450 participants from 74 countries. Only 17% of the surveys were returned. The sample included 78 participants from 40 (57%) countries. (INDUS: 30%; DC: 48%; LDC: 22%). All showed considerable dependence on ambulance services, but DC and LDC indicated substantial reliance on friends, neighbors, community health workers, and physician's offices. Prehospital EHC services were available to 93% of INDUS, 63% of DC, and possibly one-third of the LDC. Emergency Health Care is taken to the patients in the same proportions as noted above. The types of manpower dispatched varied widely with a great proportion of the respondents from DC and LDC indicating that care was delivered by non-professionally trained individuals. Interestingly, INDUS had the greatest proportion of volunteers. Response and transport times were shorter for INDUS than for DC. When no prehospital EHC services were available, patients reached the receiving facilities by alternate means such as walking (33%), private automobile (48%), or public transportation (33%). Central emergency access was available for 80%. Considerable variation exists as to the mechanisms by which such services are financed: poorer countries depend more on government support than do INDUS who rely heavily on donations and fee-for-service. Lastly, regardless of level of economic development, cardiovascular disease, trauma, and medical illness comprise the most important reasons for accessing the EHC systems.This preliminary study points to the need for individualizing EHC systems in concert with the priorities of the country for which they are designed. Direct application of operational systems across countries does not seem an appropriate mechanism for the development of EHC. However, the delivery of EHC must be made an important element of overall health care in all the countries of the world.

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Nam, Vu-Hai, Duong-Van Tinh, and Woojin Choi. "A Novel Hybrid LDC Converter Topology for the Integrated On-Board Charger of Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123603.

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Recently, the integrated On-Board Charger (OBC) combining an OBC converter with a Low-Voltage DC/DC Converter (LDC) has been considered to reduce the size, weight and cost of DC-DC converters in the EV system. This paper proposes a new integrated OBC converter with V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) and auxiliary battery charge functions. In the proposed integrated OBC converter, the OBC converter is composed of a bidirectional full-bridge converter with an active clamp circuit and a hybrid LDC converter with a Phase-Shift Full-Bridge (PSFB) converter and a forward converter. ZVS for all primary switches and nearly ZCS for the lagging switches can be achieved for all the operating conditions. In the secondary side of the proposed LDC converter, an additional circuit composed of a capacitor and two diodes is employed to clamp the oscillation voltage across rectifier diodes and to eliminate the circulating current. Since the output capacitor of the forward converter is connected in series with the output capacitor of the auxiliary battery charger, the energy from the propulsion battery can be delivered to the auxiliary battery during the freewheeling interval and it helps reduce the current ripple of the output inductor, leading to a smaller volume of the output inductor. A 1 kW prototype converter is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed topology. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter achieved by the experiments is 96%.

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Chang, Winston W., and Fang-Yueh Chen. "Vertically Related Markets: Export Rivalry Between DC and LDC Firms." Review of International Economics 2, no. 2 (1994): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.1994.tb00035.x.

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Casucci, Monica, Serena Kimi Perna, Attilio Bondanza, et al. "Leukemic Dendritic Cells Expand Central Memory T Lymphocytes From HCT Donors Able to React against the Original Leukemia in Vitro and In Vivo." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 4090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4090.4090.

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Abstract Abstract 4090 Poster Board III-1025 Allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT) is the only curative option for patients affected by high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is largely due to the ability of allogeneic immune system to eradicate leukemic stem cells (LSC). However, the fact that some patients still relapse after allo-HCT, suggests that strategies to increase LSC targeting by donor T cells are needed. For this purpose, we exploited the unique ability of myeloid blasts to differentiate into leukemic dendritic cells (LDC). We observed that a short (48h) exposure to calcium ionophore A23187 and IL-4 is able to induce LDC differentiation in 14/16 (86%) of AML that we studied, both de novo and secondary. Importantly, despite phenotypic and functional changes indicative of differentiation into DC-like cells, the process was accompanied by the maintenance of disease markers such as CD34 and CD117. Moreover, LDC maintained the expression of the oncogenic protein WT1, which is a putative LSC antigen. Thanks to these favourable characteristics, LDC proved to be superior to the original blasts in expanding leukemia-reactive T lymphocytes both in the autologous and allogeneic HCT setting (on average, 5-fold expansion of blasts-stimulated T cells vs 95-fold expansion of LDC-stimulated T cells, SEM=2,7 and 67,7 respectively, p=0,01). We observed that the level of T-cell expansion directly correlate with the percentage of LDC obtained upon treatment with A23187 and IL-4. Most importantly, LDC proved to be more potent than blasts in expanding central memory T lymphocytes (TCM), which are known to confer superior anti-tumor immunity (on average, 29% of TCM upon stimulation with blasts vs 53% TCM upon stimulation with LDC, SEM=7,2 and 5,7 respectively, p=0,01). LDC-expanded T lymphocytes were able to efficiently recognize and kill leukemic blasts in vitro (on average, 953 specific spots of IFN-g/50'000 effectors at E:T ratio of 10:1 -SEM=120- and 29% of specific killing at E:T ratio of 50:1 -SEM=7,4-). Importantly, analysis of different HLA-settings and different targets of patient origin, suggests that LDC can expand T lymphocytes with specificities against multiple antigens expressed by the original leukemia. In particular, we observed the expansion of WT-1 specific T cells upon LDC stimulation. Finally, when infused in NOD/Scid mice transplanted with the original leukaemia, LDC-stimulated T lymphocytes were able to induce long-term complete remissions (>16 weeks) in all mice analyzed, suggesting that this approach may be active against leukemic stem cells. These results show for the first time that LDC-stimulated human T cells could exert a strong GvL activity in vivo. Disclosures: Bordignon: Molmed Spa: Employment.

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Hur, Jeong, Song, and Noh. "Optimization Based on Product and Desirability Functions for Flow Distribution in Multi-Channel Cooling Systems of Power Inverters in Electric Vehicles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (2019): 4844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224844.

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The onboard charger (OBC)/low-voltage DC-DC converter (LDC) integrated power inverter for electric vehicles comprises multiple electrical elements that can heat up, which can cause performance degradation and system instability issues in electric vehicles. To address this, a cooling system is included in the OBC/LDC integrated power inverter, which primarily uses water as a coolant. In this water cooling method, controlling the flow rate of water is critical for uniform cooling of the component. Thus, we propose an optimization method that helps determine the design variables to ensure uniform flow rate in each channel of the water-cooled system. The control variables for fluid-flux flow distribution optimization are selected by performing flow analysis for the initial design shape and analyzing their effects on fluid-flux flow distribution. For optimization analysis, the central composite design technique was applied; in addition, multi-response surface optimization using the same flow rate for each channel was performed. The optimization results were compared and verified using desirability functions based on the flow ratio of the cooling water channel, product function, and error function. Among single-response objective functions, the product function showed excellent performance. However, optimization using a multi-response objective function showed significantly higher prediction accuracy than the single-response function: using the optimized design obtained with the multi-response objective function improved the fluid-flux flow distribution uniformity by approximately 90% or more than the initial design.

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Martín Baumeister, Bruno. "Primeras impresiones sobre la resolución de la Sala de Competencia de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y de la Competencia (CNMC) de 13 de febrero de 2018 en el expediente S/DC/0579/16." REVISTA LEX MERCATORIA Doctrina, Praxis, Jurisprudencia y Legislación 8, no. 1 (2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/lex.v8i1.1473.

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Resumen: En su resolución de 13 de febrero de 2018 la CNMC sanciona a cuatro entidades de crédito por infracción muy grave del artículo 1 de la Ley de Defensa de la Competencia (LDC) así como del artículo 1 del Tratado sobre el Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea (TFUE) por actuación concertada en la fijación de precios por encima de las condiciones de mercado en los derivados extrabursátiles utilizados como cobertura del riesgo de tipo de interés en préstamos sindicados en financiación de proyectos. La CNMC acepta que ni la fijación del precio de los tipos floor y swap ‘en condiciones mercado’ o con ‘coste cero’ ni tampoco –aunque con algunas dudas– la fijación de dichos tipos con un margen (spread) representan una conducta prohibida del apartado 1 de los artículos 1 LDC y 101 TFUE. Sin embargo, la determinación de un precio de los tipos superior al precio que hubiera derivado de su fijación en condiciones de mercado es ilícita cuando se realiza con desconocimiento de la parte financiada, lo que representa una restricción por objeto en forma de infracción única y continuada en el tiempo en el sentido del artículo 1 LDC y del artículo 101 TFUE.Palabras clave: Crédito sindicado; derivado de cobertura de tipo de interés; práctica colusoria.

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Benzaria, S., C. Pierra, D. Bardiot та ін. "Monoval-LdC: Efficient Prodrug of 2′-Deoxy-β-L-cytidine (L-dC), A Potent and Selective Anti-HBV Agent". Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 22, № 5-8 (2003): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ncn-120022723.

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Baek, Jaeil, and Han-Shin Youn. "Full-Bridge Active-Clamp Forward-Flyback Converter with an Integrated Transformer for High-Performance and Low Cost Low-Voltage DC Converter of Vehicle Applications." Energies 13, no. 4 (2020): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040863.

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This paper presents a full-bridge active-clamp forward-flyback (FBACFF) converter with an integrated transformer sharing a single primary winding. Compared to the conventional active-clamp-forward (ACF) converter, the proposed converter has low voltage stress on the primary switches due to its full-bridge active-clamp structure, which can leverage high performance Silicon- metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (Si-MOSFET) of low voltage rating and low channel resistance. Integrating forward and flyback operations allows the proposed converter to have much lower primary root mean square (RMS) current than the conventional phase-shifted-full-bridge (PSFB) converter, while covering wide input/output voltage range with duty ratio over 0.5. The proposed integrated transformer reduces the transformer conduction loss and simplify the secondary structure of the proposed converter. As a result, the proposed converter has several advantages: (1) high heavy load efficiency, (2) wide input voltage range operation, (3) high power density with the integrated transformer, and (4) low cost. The proposed converter is a very promising candidate for applications with wide input voltage range and high power, such as the low-voltage DC (LDC) converter for eco-friendly vehicles.

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Paudel, Mina Nath. "Prospects and Limitations of Agriculture Industrialization in Nepal." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 4 (August 23, 2016): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v4i0.15515.

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Nepal is culturally an agriculture based country. One third of GDP comes from agriculture and there are numerous opportunities in agriculture mainly because of varied agro-climate prevailed in the country. Niche specific commodities that have comparative advantage could be produced in fair quantity to meet the demand of huge market of neighboring India and China as purchasing capacity of people in those countries has improved markedly mainly for quality agriculture commodities. Trade deficit, food insecurity, income generation, poverty reduction, and employment generation could be addressed by turning present status of subsistence agriculture into robust, vibrant and commercial agriculture through technology led agro-industrialization. There are agro-commodities which are imported from India and other countries in huge quantity by the scarce hard currency earned through remittance. Evidence shows that almost 70% of the remittance is spent for agriculture commodities which have high potentiality to produce within the country even after local consumption. Such produce could be exported to other countries to mitigate trade imbalance, enhance export promotion and import reduction and promote graduating Nepal from LDC to DC within the stipulated time frame as proposed a couple of years ago by the government of Nepal. Nepal should come up with functional, pragmatic and implementable agriculture plan and policy to harness huge possibility of agriculture commercialization to meet the consumption demand per se within and outside the country. This paper highlights to address prospects and limitations of agriculture commercialization and suggests some way forward to make agriculture more vibrant and robust to address trade deficit, food and nutritional insecurity and livelihood enhancement of Nepalese as a whole thereby Nepal can tailor her pace of development with neighboring countries to meet the aspiration of Nepalese in the 21st century.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016, Page: 38-63

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Kim, Hyung-Sik, and Hee-Jun Kim. "Development of Constant Current Driving Module for High Power LED Lighting Using LLC DC-DC Transformer." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 61, no. 8 (2012): 1130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2012.61.8.1130.

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Li, Gen, Jun Liang, Tibin Joseph, et al. "Feasibility and Reliability Analysis of LCC DC Grids and LCC/VSC Hybrid DC Grids." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 22445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2898387.

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Xiao, Liang, Yan Li, Huangqing Xiao, Zheren Zhang, and Zheng Xu. "Electromechanical Transient Modeling of Line Commutated Converter-Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Hybrid Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082102.

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A method for electromechanical modeling of line commutated converter (LCC)-modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based hybrid multi-terminal High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC) systems for large-scale power system transient stability study is proposed. Firstly, the general idea of modeling the LCC-MMC hybrid multi-terminal HVDC system is presented, then the AC-side and DC-side models of the LCC/MMC are established. Different from the conventional first-order DC-side model of the MMC, an improved second-order DC-side model of the MMC is established. Besides considering the firing angle limit of the LCC, a sequential power flow algorithm is proposed for the initialization of LCC-MMC hybrid multi-terminal HVDC system. Lastly, simulations of small scale and large scale power systems embedded with a three-terminal LCC-MMC hybrid HVDC system are performed on the electromechanical simulation platform PSS/E. It is demonstrated that if the firing angle limit is not considered, the accuracy of the power flow solutions will be greatly affected. Steady state calculation and dynamic simulation show that the developed LCC-MMC hybrid MTDC model is accurate enough for electromechanical transient stability studies of large-scale AC/DC system.

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S., Jaisudha, Sowmiya Srinivasan, and Kanimozhi Gunasekaran. "Bidirectional Resonant DC-DC converter for Microgrid Applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (2017): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1548-1561.

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<p>This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.</p>

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Li, Huan, and Kang Qin. "Dynamic Phasor Modelling of LCC-HVDC System Based on a Practical Project." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125601034.

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This paper presents a detailed dynamic phasor modeling process of a line-commutated converter-based HVDC (LCC-HVDC) system. Firstly, the dynamic phasor models of the single-ended LCC rectifier station, inverter station and the DC line are established, respectively. Secondly, LCC-HVDC is an AC-DC-AC system. The interfaces are explained to connect the converter stations with the DC line. Through block modeling, it is helpful to simplify the process and verify the accuracy of each block. Finally, based on a practical project, the model is compared with the electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the accuracy of the dynamic phasor model.

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Kim, Hyojoong, Jaekyung Wee, and Inchae Song. "Improving the Light-Load Efficiency of a LDO-Embedded DC-DC Buck Converter Using a Size Control Method of the Power-Transistor." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 52, no. 3 (2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2015.52.3.059.

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Kwon, Hae-Chan, Tae-Hoon Kim, and Ji-Won Jung. "A Study on High Speed LDPC Decoder Algorithm based on dc saperation." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 17, no. 9 (2013): 2041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.9.2041.

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Sadi, Sumardi, and Teguh Budiawan. "Kontrol Pendingin Ruangan (Fan) Dengan Logika Fuzzy Menggunakan Atmega 8535, LM35 Dan PIR." TELKA - Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, Komputasi dan Kontrol 2, no. 2 (2016): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/telka.v2i2.36.

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Penggunaan alat pendingin ruangan semakin meningkat saat ini, hal ini dikarenakan pemanasan global yang terjadi. Untuk mengefesiensi penggunaan alat ini, diperlukan sebuah alat kontrol yang bisa mengendalikan pendingin udara secara otomatis yang menyesuaikan tinggi rendahnya suhu yang dikeluarkan berdasarkan suhu udara dan kegiatan manusia pada suatu ruangan. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan mikrokontroler ATmega 8535 dan terdapat 2 (dua) jenis sensor yaitu LM35 sebagai sensor suhu dan PIR sebagai sensor gerak manusia. Penulis menggunakan metode fuzzy logic dalam penyelesaian masalah khususnya untuk mengambil keputusan yang akan diproses oleh mikrokontroler. Hasil yang diinginkan dalam penelitian ini adalah terciptanya sebuah alat simulasi pendingin ruangan yang dapat mendeteksi suhu dalam sebuah ruangan dan mendeteksi keberadaan manusia. Berdasarkan hasil menunjukkan bahwa alat ini bekerja sesuai dengan rancangannya, dimana jika tak ada gerakan manusia dan suhu ≤ 29 ºC maka motor DC (FAN) akan berhenti tampilan pada LCD “OFF”, jika ada gerakan manusia dan suhu ≥ 30 ºC maka kecepatan motor DC (FAN) akan tampil pada LCD “SLOW”, jika ada gerakan manusia dan suhu ≥ 35 ºC maka kecepatan motor DC (FAN) akan tampil pada LCD “MEDIUM”, jika ada gerakan manusia dan suhu ≥ 40 ºC maka kecepatan motor DC (FAN) akan tampil pada LCD “FAST”.

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Yang, Zhihan, Mengbo Li, Xiaojun Lu, et al. "Interconnection of VSC-HVDC and LCC-HVDC using DC–DC autotransformer." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 18 (2019): 5033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.9270.

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Murtianta, Budihardja. "Pengaruh Duty Cycle dan Frekuensi Terhadap Kecepatan Putar Motor DC." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 17, no. 01 (2018): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v17i01.167.

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Tulisan ini dibuat untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan frekuensi dan duty cycle terhadap kecepatan putar motor DC saat terbebani dan saat tidak dibebani yang diterapkan dengan menggunakan sistem PWM ( Pulse Width Modulation ). DC Chopper direalisasikan guna menerapkan sistem PWM. DC Chooper mengubah secara langsung dari dc ke dc dan biasanya hal ini disebut konverter dc ke dc. Alat ini disimulasikan dengan motor DC tape 9V dan IGBT sebagai saklar chopper. Perancangan terdiri dari modul regulator 5V, modul microcontroller AT89S52, modul keypad, modul receiver IR sebagai pendeteksi kecepatan, modul transmiter IR, modul LCD, dan modul DC Chopper + driver. Setiap operasi dilakukan dari sebuah keypad dan besarnya kecepatan motor yang terdeteksi dapat ditampilkan pada LCD. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa pemakaian DC Chopper untuk aplikasi motor, IGBT yang dipakai bekerja lebih baik saat mendapat masukan frekuensi lebih besar dari 1KHz. Dari hasil percobaan duty cycle 10% frekuensi pensaklaran chopper dc adalah >2Khz tanpa beban dan >1Khz dengan beban1 dan beban 2. Pada duty cycle 25% dan 50% adalah >3Khz tanpa beban, >2Khz pada beban 1 dan >1Khz pada beban 2. Pada duty cycle 75% adalah >2Khz tanpa beban, dan duty cycle 90% adalah >800Hz tanpa beban. Semakin tinggi nilai frekuensi maka semakin baik titik kerja dari DC Chopper.

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Li, Xiaodong, and Zheng Xu. "Feasibility Evaluation on Elimination of DC Filters for Line-Commutated Converter-Based High-Voltage Direct Current Projects in New Situations." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185770.

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The line-commutated converter (LCC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has been widely applied on long-distance and bulk-capacity power transmission occasions. Due to the terrible interferences in the vicinity of communication lines, DC filters (DCFs) are always installed to mitigate the interferences within acceptable levels for almost all in-service overhead line transmission LCC-HVDC schemes. With the rapid development of the communication technology, however, the anti-interference capability of the telephone system has been remarkably improved. Thus, the original purpose of employing DCFs has been virtually absent, and the necessity of the DCFs shall be re-evaluated in sufficient depth not only for new LCC-HVDC projects, but also in the case of refurbishment of older projects. To demonstrate this constructive topic, this paper carries out a commercial ±800 kV/8000 MW LCC-HVDC project as an illustrative example to analyze and discuss those crucial aspects, which may influence the LCC-HVDC stable operation and reliability after removing the DCFs. Then, the paper studies the harmonic voltage/current stresses of the DC equipment, the DC loop low-order harmonic resonances, and the overvoltage under the switching surge and lightning stroke. Finally, it is concluded that the DCF elimination mainly affects the harmonic steady-state stresses of the DC equipment, but has little influence on the transient stresses. For the refurbishment of older projects, the evaluation on the cost between the DCFs’ maintenance cost and the equipment modification is needed for the DCFs’ elimination. For new LCC-HVDC projects, the DCFs’ elimination or at least simplification may be a more economical and attractive alternative, thereby reducing the footprint and cost.

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Haleem, Naushath M., Athula D. Rajapakse, Aniruddha M. Gole, and Ioni T. Fernando. "A Selective Fault Clearing Scheme for a Hybrid VSC-LCC Multi-Terminal HVdc System." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143554.

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A selective fault clearing scheme is proposed for a hybrid voltage source converter (VSC)-line commutated converter (LCC) multi-terminal high voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission structure in which two small capacity VSC stations tap into the main transmission line of a high capacity LCC-HVdc link. The use of dc circuit breakers (dc CBs) on the branches connecting to VSCs at the tapping points is explored to minimize the impact of tapping on the reliability of the main LCC link. This arrangement allows clearing of temporary faults on the main LCC line as usual by force retardation of the LCC rectifier. The faults on the branches connecting to VSC stations can be cleared by blocking insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and opening ac circuit breakers (ac CB), without affecting the main line’s performance. A local voltage and current measurement based fault discrimination scheme is developed to identify the faulted sections and pole(s), and trigger appropriate fault recovery functions. This fault discrimination scheme is capable of detecting and discriminating short circuits and high resistances faults in any branch well before 2 ms. For the test grid considered, 6 kA, 2 ms dc CBs can easily facilitate the intended fault clearing functions and maintain the power transfer through healthy pole during single-pole faults.

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Xuan Thach, Tran, Ha Thi Thu, Vu Thi Hien, et al. "Linoleic acid isomerization ability of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Vietnamese human intestinal origins." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (2020): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/3/13901.

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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been shown to exert numerous health benefits, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic, anti-diabetic, antiobesity, cholesterol reducing, antioxidant, anti-microbial, immune system modulator and growth-stimulating properties. In human, CLA is produced from Linoleic acid (LA) by gut bacteria. In this study, nineteen Lactobacillus (Lac.) strains isolated from human feces were studied to determine their ability to metabolize LA. The bacteria were grown in the liquid form of anaerobic MRS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL LA. The linoleate isomerase activity in bacteria grown on MRS medium was determined by Gas chromatograpy. The results indicated that 4 out of 19 strains, including strains Lac.02, Lac.05, Lac.14 and Lac.16 are capable of producing about 40-50 μg/mL CLA from LA. Among them, the highest ability to produce CLA from LA is Lac.02 strain. In the production of CLA from LA, enzymes involved in this metabolism in Lactobacillus act as catalysts of hydration/dehydration (CLA-HY), oxidation of hydroxy groups/reduction of oxo groups (CLA-DH), migration of carbon-carbon double bonds (CLA-DC), and saturation of carbon-carbon double bonds (CLA-ER). The cla-dh, cla-dc, cla-hy and cla-er genes that encode enzymes CLA-DH, CLA-DC, and CLA-ER had been found in all Lac.02, Lac.05, Lac.14 and Lac.16 strains. Gas chromatography traces indicated that these strains produced the same compounds, which was subsequently identified as cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA. In the next study, we will optimize the conditions such as substrate concentrations, pH values, temperature and culture time of each strain to obtain the best rerults.

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Bharani, Vani, Nalini Gupta, Vanita Suri, and Arvind Rajwanshi. "Tuberculosis in Pap samples with emphasis on LBC: Caught only when thought." Diagnostic Cytopathology 46, no. 5 (2017): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.23865.

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Prabhakar, M., and V. Kamaraj. "Analysis and Implementation of LCC Resonant DC-DC Converter for Automotive Application." IETE Journal of Research 56, no. 4 (2010): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0377-2063.70638.

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Jou, Hurng-Liahng, Jinn-Chang Wu, Kuen-Der Wu, and Chao-Yu Kuo. "Bidirectional DC–DC Wireless Power Transfer Based on LCC-C Resonant Compensation." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 2 (2021): 2310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3005804.

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Song, Hasun, Ju-Hyun Ko, and Daejeong Kim. "High efficiency on-chip charge pump DC–DC converter for LCD drivers." Current Applied Physics 7, no. 4 (2007): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2006.09.026.

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Pratiwi, Syaidinati Hakiki Angesti, Hari Kurnia Safitri, and Subiyantoro Subiyantoro. "Implementasi Kontrol Proposional Integral Pada Pengaturan Kecepatan Putar Motor DC Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Kue Kecik." Jurnal Elektronika dan Otomasi Industri 7, no. 2 (2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elkolind.v7i2.189.

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Kue kecik terbuat dari adonan tepung ketan, gulapasir, telur ayam dan garam. Besarnya permintaan konsumentidak sebanding dengan proses pembuatan kue kecik yangmemerlukan banyak waktu dan tenaga saat pembentukkanadonan kue kecik. Agar waktu produksi menjadi efisien dantidak membutuhkan banyak tenaga, maka dikembangkan alatpembentuk kue kecik dengan mengatur kecepatan putar motorDC. Dengan implementasi metode kontrol proposional integralpada pengaturan kecepatan putar motor DC dapat membantupembentukan kue kecik menjadi efisien dan tidakmembutuhkan banyak tenaga. Alat dapat bekerja denganadanya komponen pendukung yaitu sensor rotary encoder,driver motor, mikrokontroler dan LCD. Aktuator yangdibutuhkan adalah motor DC serta metode yang digunakanyaitu metode PI (Proposional Integral). Alat pembentuk kuekecik memiliki dua pilihan kecepatan yaitu kecepatan pelandan kecepatan cepat. Saat alat aktif, selanjutnya milihkecepatan yang akan digunakan pada switch 2, setelah itumengaktifkan motor pada switch 1. switch yang disediakanmerupakan input atau masukan untuk mikrokontroler,mikrokontroler akan memproses dan mengirim data ke drivermotor, driver motor akan mengatur kecepatan putar motor DCsesuai dengan set point kecepatan yang telah ditentukan dimikrokontroler, selanjutnya sensor rotary encoder akanmembaca kecepatan putar motor DC, output dari pembacaanputar motor DC akan di kirim ke mikrokontroler danmikrokontroler akan mengirim data ke LCD, LCD akanmenampilkan kecepatan putar motor DC berupa rpm. Dari hasilpengujian pengaturan kecepatan putar motor menggunakanmetode PI di dapat nilai Kp = 0.135 dan Ki = 0.03 . Sertapemilihan set point kecepatan yang digunakan yaitu 150 rpmuntuk kecepatan minimum dan 220 rpm untuk kecepatanmaksimum.

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Tailleux, Ludovic, Olivier Schwartz, Jean-Louis Herrmann, et al. "DC-SIGN Is the Major Mycobacterium tuberculosis Receptor on Human Dendritic Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 197, no. 1 (2002): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20021468.

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Early interactions between lung dendritic cells (LDCs) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, are thought to be critical for mounting a protective anti-mycobacterial immune response and for determining the outcome of infection. However, these interactions are poorly understood, at least at the molecular level. Here we show that M. tuberculosis enters human monocyte-derived DCs after binding to the recently identified lectin DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN). By contrast, complement receptor (CR)3 and mannose receptor (MR), which are the main M. tuberculosis receptors on macrophages (Mϕs), appeared to play a minor role, if any, in mycobacterial binding to DCs. The mycobacteria-specific lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan (LAM) was identified as a key ligand of DC-SIGN. Freshly isolated human LDCs were found to express DC-SIGN, and M. tuberculosis–derived material was detected in CD14−HLA-DR+DC-SIGN+ cells in lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with tuberculosis. Thus, as for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is captured by the same receptor, DC-SIGN–mediated entry of M. tuberculosis in DCs in vivo is likely to influence bacterial persistence and host immunity.

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Suzuki, Ayana, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Miyoko Higuchi, et al. "Cytological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma on LBC specimens, compared with conventional specimens." Diagnostic Cytopathology 43, no. 2 (2014): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.23191.

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Ryu, In-Ho, Jun-Ho Bang, and Jae-Young Yu. "A Active Replica LDO Regulator with DC Matching Circuit." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 12, no. 6 (2011): 2729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2011.12.6.2729.

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Min, Run, Dian Lyu, Shuai Cheng, Yingshui Sun, and Linkai Li. "Linearized Discrete Charge Balance Control with Simplified Algorithm for DCM Buck Converter." Energies 12, no. 16 (2019): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163177.

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In this paper, a linearized discrete charge balance (LDCB) control strategy is proposed for buck converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). For DC-DC power converters, discrete charge balance (DCB) control is an attractive approach to improve the output voltage transient response. However, as a non-linear control strategy, the algorithm is complex, which is difficult for implementation. To reduce the complexity, this paper proposes the LDCB control strategy that is derived through linearizing conventional DCB controller. By deriving the differential functions of the DCB control algorithm, the small signal relationship between the input and output of DCB controller is explored. Furthermore, based on the relationship, the LDCB controller is formed through three parallel feed loops to the duty ratio. As a linear control approach, the achieved LDCB controller is greatly simplified for implementation. This not only saves the hardware cost, but also reduces the calculation lag, which provides potential to improve the switching frequency. Besides, since the LDCB controller shares the same small signal model as that of DCB controller, it achieves similar control loop bandwidth and transient performance. Effectiveness of the proposed LDCB control is verified by zero/pole plots, transient analyses and experimental results.

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Noh, Young-Jae, Cheol-Ha Kang, Meas Saran, et al. "AC-DC Converter using the PFC Inductor and LLC Resonant Transformer with an Integrated Magnetic Core." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 20, no. 3 (2015): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2015.20.3.262.

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Wang, Ya Qiong, and Zong Chao Cui. "Design of Dual DC Regulated Power Supply Based on MCU dsPIC30F3011." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.71.

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Traditional dual DC power supply used most of the linear power, which is lack of self-protection function, a high failure rate and the maintenance workload. To introduce a dual DC regulated power supply based on MCU design, the main circuit design using diodes to complete AC/DC conversion, and then through IGBT chopper adjustment, to achieve the DC/DC conversion outputs DC voltage. The control circuit uses dsPIC30F3011 as core, in accordance with the time optimal and PID control to achieve PWM regulation. Experiments results show that the design circuit has failed to self-protection and LCD display, in order to accurately and quickly repair the fault.

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Chen, Guang Hua, Gui Zhi Sheng, Feng Jiao Wang, Wen Zhou, and Bin Jie Xiao. "An LED Driver Based on MCU for LCD Backlight." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2464.

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in order to provide LCD backlight with multiple strings of LEDs, an LED driver based on MCU is proposed in the paper. A PWM signal is generated by the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) module on the MCU chip, which is used to drive a DC-DC boost converter for LED power. The voltage and current of the boost circuit, along with all the channels current of LED, are measured by the Analog Digital Converter (ADC) module on the MCU chip, which are used to adjust the voltage of the boost circuit and supply comprehensive protection for the LED driver. To minimize the step size of the output voltage, the joint frequency-pulse width modulation scheme is proposed to regulate the output voltage of the boost circuit to an ideal value in the range of error, which increases the efficiency of the power. The measurement results show that the LED driver is extremely efficient and steady. Most of the output voltage step size is about 0.1V, the maximum step size is less than 0.3V. The conversion efficiency of the DC-DC converter is up to 94%. Thus the LED driver not only meets the demand of the parameter of LED, but also has high cost performance.

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Tumilaar, Prastika, Djoni Hatidja, and Jantje D. Prang. "Analisis Korespondensi Terhadap Persepsi Alumni Program Studi Matematika FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Mengenai Kurikulum Dan Proses Pembelajaran." d'CARTESIAN 3, no. 1 (2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/dc.3.1.2014.3803.

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Abstract The research has been conducted to determine the perceptions of mathematics alumni about curriculum and learning process in Mathematics Department Faculty of Natural Sciences Sam Ratulangi University Manado using Correspondence Analysis. The data used are primary data obtained through a questionnaire which was distributed to alumni of Mathematics Department Faculty of Natural Sciences Sam Ratulangi University who graduate on 2006 until 2013. Correspondence analysis results shows that the Alumni1, Alumni33 and Alumni36 provide little value on each curriculum’s variable and learning process’ variable. Variable The Conditions of classroom (comfort in lighting), variable The facilities of learning process (OHP/LCD), variable reading room and library, variable utilization of e-learning media in learning process and variable the access to scientific journals especially in mathematics were deemed to be less by alumni. For other categories were deemed good by alumni. Keywords: correspondence analysis, curriculum, learning process. Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi alumni program studi matematika terhadap kurikulum dan proses pembelajaran di program studi Matematika Fakultas MIPA UNSRAT Manado dengan menggunakan Analisis Korespondensi. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui kusioner yang dibagikan pada alumni lulusan tahun 2006-2013 program studi matematika FMIPA UNSRAT. Hasil analisis korespondensi diperoleh bahwa Alumni 1, Alumni 33 dan Alumni 36 memberikan nilai yang kecil pada setiap variabel kurikulum dan proses pembelajaran. Kondisi ruang kuliah (kenyamanan dalam pencahayaan), Sarana proses belajar mengajar (OHP/LCD), Ketersediaan ruang baca dan perpustakaan, Pemanfaatan media e-learning dalam proses belajar mengajar dan Kemudahan akses pada jurnal-jurnal ilmiah terutama bidang matematika dianggap masih kurang oleh alumni. Untuk kategori-kategori kurikulum dan proses pembelajaran lainnya dinilai baik oleh alumni. Kata kunci: analisis korespondensi, kurikulum, proses pembelajaran.

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Kim, Hyoung-Suk. "Development of High Voltage DC Power Supply Based on LCC Resonant Converter with Small Output Voltage Imbalance." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 32, no. 12 (2018): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2018.32.12.082.

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Hanafi, Ikfal, and Thamrin Thamrin. "Rancang Bangun Alat Perekat Kantong Kertas Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMEGA2560." Voteteknika (Vocational Teknik Elektronika dan Informatika) 9, no. 2 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/voteteknika.v9i2.112070.

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Tujuan penelitian yaitu merancang hardware dan software alat perekat kantong kertas, mengkoordinir kerja alat menggunakan motor DC, mengatur gerak motor servo, mengatur sistem utama dan mengendalikan hardware melalui Arduino Mega, merancang dan membangun perangkat lunak. Rancang bangun alat perekat kantong kertas berbasis miktrokontroler ATMEGA2560 menggunakan sensor infrared, limit switch, motor servo, driver motor, motor DC, LCD 16x2, keypad dan Arduino Mega. Arduino Mega pada alat ini berfungsi sebagai pusat kendali program. Keypad adalah tombol pemilih menu proses landscape dan protrait yang ditampilkan pada LCD. Motor servo berfungsi untuk menggerakan kuas lem. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu diperoleh sebuah alat yang dapat digunakan untuk merekatkan kantong kertas pembungkus fried chicken dengan sistem terkontrol menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATMEGA2560.

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Ryu, Seung-Hee, Jung-Hoon Ahn, Kwang-Seung Cho, and Byoung-Kuk Lee. "Single-Switch ZVZCS Quasi-Resonant CLL Isolated DC-DC Converter for 32'' LCD TV." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 10, no. 4 (2015): 1646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2015.10.4.1646.

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Jin-Geun Kim, Sung-Kyu Kim, Minwon Park, et al. "Loss Characteristic Analysis of HTS DC Power Cable Using LCC Based DC Transmission System." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 22, no. 3 (2012): 5801304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2012.2187770.

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Nam, H., I. Kim, Y. Ahn, and J. Roh. "DC–DC switching converter with positive and negative outputs for active-matrix LCD bias." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 4, no. 2 (2010): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds.2008.0340.

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Arief Bijaksana, Andi Muhammad, Darmulia Darmulia, Muhammad Nurwahyu, and Adnan Adnan. "PROTOTYPE PENGATUR KECEPATAN MOTOR DC KR-20 BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO 328P MENGGUNAKAN REMOTE IR TSOP 1738." ILTEK : Jurnal Teknologi 12, no. 02 (2017): 1810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47398/iltek.v12i02.391.

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Abstract:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang pengatur kecepatan motor DC dengan menggunakan sensor infra merah, dan untuk menguji hasil perancangan dengan meggunakan metode pengujian langsung. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode perancangan. Metode perancangan bertujuan untuk membuat desain perancangan. Kemudian metode penelitian dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dan studi literatur. Setelah melakukan perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak maka langkah berikutnya adalah melakukan uji coba alat menggunakan Remote Infra merah sebagai pengatur kecepatan motor DC, dimana LCD akan menampilkan status motor DC. Dari hasil perancangan serta pembuatan prototype pengatur kecepatan motor DC dapat di simpulkan bahwa alat ini dapat menjadi sarana dalam menerapkan ilmu yang telah diperoleh selama kuliah untuk mengembangkan IPTEK, dan juga merupakan proses belajar secara nyata. Dan dapat diterapkan dalam dunia perindustrian untuk mempermudah dalam penggunaan alat-alat industri yang menggunakan motor DC.

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