Journal articles: 'DC-Net'

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Ammon, H. V., E. J. Tapper, R. A. Komorowski, U. K. Charaf, R. F. Loeffler, D. Lewand, and L. G. Walter. "Effects of sulfodeoxycholate on rat and rabbit small intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 248, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): G485—G493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1985.248.4.g485.

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To determine how sulfation alters the biological properties of dihydroxy bile acids, we compared the effects of 3-sulfodeoxycholate (SDC) and deoxycholate (DC) in the rat and rabbit intestine. While 5 mM DC induced water and electrolyte secretion and inhibited glucose absorption in the rat, SDC enhanced jejunal and ileal water and solute absorption. SDC had no effect in the rabbit ileum. In the rat jejunum DC caused mucosal injury and enhanced mucosal permeability while SDC had no effect. In vitro in the rabbit ileum, 10 mM SDC enhanced net sodium flux and decreased net residual flux, while 0.5 mM DC reduced net sodium flux and induced Cl- secretion. Both bile acids increased short-circuit current and potential difference and decreased tissue conductance. During reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography SDC was more polar than DC. Sulfation reduced the ability of DC to destroy large unilamellar liposomes by a factor of 10. Thus, sulfation abolishes the effects of DC on the intestine by enhancing the polarity of this molecule. The enhancement of intestinal solute and water absorption by SDC requires further study.

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Zhang, Zhongqiang, Dahua Gao, Xuemei Xie, and Guangming Shi. "Dual-Channel Reconstruction Network for Image Compressive Sensing." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112549.

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The existing compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithms require enormous computation and reconstruction quality that is not satisfying. In this paper, we propose a novel Dual-Channel Reconstruction Network (DC-Net) module to build two CS reconstruction networks: the first one recovers an image from its traditional random under-sampling measurements (RDC-Net); the second one recovers an image from its CS measurements acquired by a fully connected measurement matrix (FDC-Net). Especially, the fully connected under-sampling method makes CS measurements represent original images more effectively. For the two proposed networks, we use a fully connected layer to recover a preliminary reconstructed image, which is a linear mapping from CS measurements to the preliminary reconstructed image. The DC-Net module is used to further improve the preliminary reconstructed image quality. In the DC-Net module, a residual block channel can improve reconstruction quality and dense block channel can expedite calculation, whose fusion can improve the reconstruction performance and reduce runtime simultaneously. Extensive experiments manifest that the two proposed networks outperform state-of-the-art CS reconstruction methods in PSNR and have excellent visual reconstruction effects.

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Shuprisha, Apichai, Ronald M. Lynch, Stephen H. Wright, and William H. Dantzler. "Real-time assessment of α-ketoglutarate effect on organic anion secretion in perfused rabbit proximal tubules." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 277, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): F513—F523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1999.277.4.f513.

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To determine the quantitative roles of the basolateral and luminal Na+-dicarboxylate (Na-DC) cotransporters in establishing and maintaining the α-ketoglutarate (αKG) gradient required for renal tubular secretion of organic anions, we measured net steady-state transepithelial secretion of fluorescein (FL) in real time in isolated, perfused S2 segments of rabbit renal proximal tubules. Net “basal” FL secretion in the absence of exogenous αKG had a K t of ∼4 μM and a maximal transepithelial secretion rate ( J max) of ∼380 fmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ mm−1(where K t is the FL concentration that produces one-half the J max). It could be almost completely inhibited by basolateral p-aminohippurate (PAH). Selective inhibition of the basolateral Na-DC cotransporter indicated that recycling via this transporter of αKG that had been exchanged for FL supports ∼25% of the “basal” FL secretion. Physiological αKG concentrations of 10 μM in the bath or 50 μM in the perfusate stimulated net secretion of FL by ∼30 or ∼20%, respectively. These data indicate that the basolateral Na-DC cotransporter supports ∼42% of the net FL secretion. The luminal and basolateral effects of physiological concentrations of αKG were additive, indicating that the combined function of the luminal and basolateral Na-DC cotransporters can support ∼50% of the net FL secretion. This apparently occurs by their establishing and maintaining ∼50% of the outwardly directed αKG gradient that is responsible for driving basolateral FL/αKG exchange. The remaining ∼50% would be maintained by metabolic production of αKG in the cells.

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Surikova, Ekaterina I., Elena M. Frantsiyants, Irina A. Goroshinskaya, Vladimir S. Trifanov, Viacheslav A. Aleynov, Ludmila A. Nemashkalova, Irina V. Neskubina, et al. "Prooxidant effect of α-tocopherol in pancreatic tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e16698-e16698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16698.

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e16698 Background: The coexistence of neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic adenocarcinoma is rare, and treatment of such mixed tumors is challenging due to the differences in their natural course and response to systemic therapy. There is growing evidence that vitamins affect the biology of pancreatic tumors. The purpose of the study was to measure concentrations of retinol (RET), α-tocopherol (α-TCP) and diene conjugates (DC) in the blood of patients with pancreatic cancer in order to reveal its pathogenetic characteristics. Methods: Blood levels of RET and α-TCP (ELISA methods, Cloud-Clone Corp, USA), their ratio and DC concentrations (biochemical method) were measured before treatment if 42 patients with pancreatic cancer: adenocarcinoma (AC), T1-3N0-1M0, n = 9; AC with a neuroendocrine component (AC+NE) (up to 30%), n = 21; neuroendocrine tumors (NET), T1-3N0-1M0, n = 12. 22 healthy men of similar age were controls. All patients gave their voluntary informed consent for the study. Results: RET levels in all patient were statistically significantly lower than in controls: in AC by 3.8 times, in AC+NE by 1.9 times, in NET by 3.7 times (p = 0.0000). Concentrations of α-TCP in AC were 1.6 times (p = 0.0011) lower than in controls, in AC+NE were similar, and in NET α-TCP was 1.5 times higher than in controls (p = 0.0000). The ratio of α-TCP/RET in all patients significantly exceeded control values: in AC by 2.2 times, in AC+NE by 1.6 times, in NET by 5.7 times (p = 0.0000). Levels of DC in all patients were higher than in controls: in AC by 2.5, in AC+NE by 2.1, in NET by 2.7 times (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Changes in serum levels of RET and α-TCP differ in patients with AC, NET and mixed tumors, which causes changes in the balance of vitamins and can contribute to a prooxidant effect, as evidenced by an increase in DC levels.

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Huo, Zhi Cheng, Guang Xu Ren, Jia Ying Gao, and Guo Bao Ding. "Design of Inverter Based on the Soft-Switched of High Frequency Pulse DC Loop." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1114.

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Design a DC/AC converter based on simplex single voltage source high frequency pulse DC loop technology, the output is 115V400Hz, 0.9KVA and the input is three phase alternating current. The forward part is DC/DC converter which provides pulse D.C. to the back part DC/AC converter. Implement soft-switch by changing the on-off state of switching tubes on the inversion arm path at the zero-voltage instant of the pulse direct current, no need of the auxiliary resonant net. The system takes three-state DPM current hysteresis control mode, gets good performance on output wave and efficiency.

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Rubaai, A., and R. Kotaru. "Neural net-based robust controller design for brushless DC motor drives." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) 29, no. 3 (1999): 460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5326.777080.

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Gajera, P. N., K. S. Parikh, V. Gupta, and H. Gupta. "Development of DC Energy Meter for Renewable Energy Application." E3S Web of Conferences 182 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018202008.

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The world we live in, is becoming more and more dependent on electrical energy, which, sadly, still heavily relies on outdated techniques involving the burning of fossil fuels. Fortunately, more and more people are accepting the fact that this system simply isn’t sustainable in the longer-run. Even if air pollution wasn’t a huge factor, the shortage of these resources is something that is bound to happen in the nearest future, and it would pose an impassable obstacle towards the future growth of mankind. Hence, importance of renewable energy is such an important trend for the future of mankind. At present, net AC meters are available for measurement of four quadrant energy, which is used at output of both on grid and off grid solar inverter. This meter can measure both, energy fed into the grid and energy utilize from the grid. However Energy generated by solar panel cannot be measured directly. Even in off grid inverter the present net meter cannot measure energy generated by solar panel. In case of DC micro grid, where DC energy is used/ consumed directly by the load, the present net meter cannot be used as they can be used in AC energy measurement only. With the launch and implementation of national energy saving and emission reduction policies in relation to distributed power supply by renewable power generation, the DC energy metering technology will become an inevitable trend, breaking the landscape dominated by AC in the field of electric energy metering. This paper describes introduction, block diagram [1], Hardware and software description for development of dc energy meter.

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Li, Shen Qing, Tian Jun Xu, Bin Zhang, and Jun Yang. "Hierarchical Control System for PV Microgrid Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.224.

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DC microgrid can effectively play to the value and benefits of the distributed power supply, communication than micro grid-connected have the ability to stronger more flexible refactoring and therefore become a new trend micro grid-connected technology research. Based on photovoltaic DC microgrid as example, this paper aimed at the DC microgrid voltage stability problem, proposes a layered coordination control DC bus voltage, the method is based on the detection and control of DC bus voltage variation to coordinate photovoltaic battery energy storage interface, net side interface and the interface converter works, ensure that under different conditions can keep the grid-connected in active power balance. Using Matlab/Simulink simulation and experimental verification, the results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

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NAGAUMI, Hiromi, Yoshihiro TAKEDA, and Takateru UMEDA. "FEM simulation in the casting process of near net shape DC billet." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 55, no. 10 (2005): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.55.463.

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Springthorpe, V. S., C. L. Loh, and S. A. Sattar. "How good is modelling of microbial survival in fluvial systems?" Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (June 1, 1997): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0743.

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In natural and man-made environments microorganisms encounter a number of positive (growth) and negative (toxic and predatory) influences which affect their survival. Understanding microbial survival and potential for regrowth is important for risk assessment in a variety of water types and settings. However, the behaviour of microorganisms in fluvial systems cannot be completely simulated in the laboratory. We have previously studied the survival of several microorganisms in river water in the laboratory and in situ. Frequently our results were variable when sampling sites were separated temporally and spatially. In order to further understand why such differences may occur, we examined the effect of transient nutrient plugs on microbial survival and regrowth in parallel in two model systems with different characteristics: a flow-through hollow fibre diffusion (HFD) system and static diffusion chambers (DC). We focused on the behaviour of Escherichia coli because of its widespread use as an indicator. Results showed a different response of E. coli to transient presence of nutrients in the two systems; both systems responded to nutrient spikes but the HFD system responded more rapidly. For 1h and 2h nutrient spikes, the peak populations in the HFD system were seen 5h (62% net increase) and 8h (650% net increase) after nutrient addition, respectively. In the DC the corresponding figures were 7h (18.5% net increase) and 12h (300% net increase) hours. However, decline in microbial numbers was more rapid in the HFD than the DC system. When this was tested further with repeated short nutrient plugs (10min), the net growth in the CD system was higher than in the HFD. The main question that arises from these studies is under what conditions, if any, does the rapid response HFD model become more relevant for field conditions?

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Srisattayakul, Parinya, Charnnarong Saikaew, Anurat Wisitsoraat, and Naphatara Intanon. "Influence of MoN Sputtering Coating on Wear Resistance of a Fishing Net-Weaving Machine Component." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.80.

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Wear resistance of an upper hook, an important fishing net-weaving machine component manufactured from stainless steel, was improved by systematically investigating the influence of molybdenum nitride (MoN) sputtering coating using experimental design. Three factors of MoN coating on upper hooks including DC current, operating pressure, and Ar/N2ratio were studied and optimized for minimum wear of the machine component. After conducting wear testing on the fishing net-weaving machine in a participating company, it was found that the three coating factors influenced the wear of the machine component. In addition, the optimal operating condition for MoN sputtering coating that produced the minimum wear was obtained at DC current of 0.45 A, operating pressure of 0.01 mbar, and Ar/N2ratio of 0.5.

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Vemareddy, P. "Degree of electric current neutralization and the activity in solar active regions." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 4936–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1020.

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Abstract Using time-sequence vector magnetic field observation from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, we examined the connection of non-neutralized currents and the observed activity in 20 solar active regions (ARs). The net current in a given magnetic polarity is algebraic sum of direct current (DC) and return current (RC) and the ratio |DC/RC| is a measure of degree of net current neutralization (NCN). In the emerging ARs, the non-neutrality of these currents builds with the onset of flux emergence, following the relaxation to neutrality during the separation motion of bipolar regions. Accordingly, some emerging ARs are source regions of CMEs occurring at the time of higher level non-neutrality. ARs in the post-emergence phase can be CME productive provided they have interacting bipolar regions with converging and shearing motions. In these cases, the net current evolves with higher level (>1.3) of non-neutrality. Differently, the |DC/RC| in flaring and quiet ARs vary near unity. In all the AR samples, the |DC/RC| is higher for chiral current density than that for vertical current density. Owing to the fact that the non-neutralized currents arise in the vicinity of sheared polarity-inversion-lines (SPILs), the profiles of the total length of SPIL segments and the degree of NCN follow each other with a positive correlation. We find that the SPIL is localized as small segments in flaring-ARs, whereas it is long continuous in CME-producing ARs. These observations demonstrate the dividing line between the CMEs and flares with the difference being in global or local nature of magnetic shear in the AR that reflected in non-neutralized currents.

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Liu, Hui Fang. "Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power DC Network Study Based on Hybrid Convertor." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.295.

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Applying non-grid-connected wind power to high energy consuming industry has broad development prospects. This paper presents a compound DC power transmission net to realize high efficiency and reduce the loss. This net consists of current source converter (CSC) based on naturally commutated thyristor and voltage source converter (VSC) based on IGBT. Super capacitor connected to the load side stabilizes the wind power fluctuation. The coordinated control strategy of wind power, energy storage device and load is provided. Simulation results based on real wind power shows the validity of the system.

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Autor, David H., Mark Duggan, Kyle Greenberg, and David S. Lyle. "The Impact of Disability Benefits on Labor Supply: Evidence from the VA's Disability Compensation Program." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 31–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150158.

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Combining administrative data from the US Army, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Social Security Administration, we analyze the effect of the VA's Disability Compensation (DC) program on veterans' labor force participation and earnings. We study the 2001 Agent Orange decision, a unique policy change that expanded DC eligibility for Vietnam veterans who served in theater but did not expand eligibility to other veterans of this era, to assess the causal effects of DC enrollment. We estimate that benefits receipt reduced veterans' labor force participation by 18 percentage points, though measured income net of transfer income rose on average. (JEL H51, I12, I18, J14, J22, J28, J31)

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Denisenko, Andrei, and Alexander Gurskiy. "Information technology of visualization for technological processes for research modes of functioning of complex technological systems." System research and information technologies, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2021.2.06.

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The development of a mathematical model of a technical system based on the means of discrete-continuous networks and taking into account the interaction with a multimedia platform is presented. The efficiency of the process for visualizing the functioning of the complex technical system is increased by implementing the interaction of the modeling environment with the Unity platform in the feedback mode. The experiments linked to the integration of the DC-Net simulation software environment with the Unity cross-platform development environment are implemented. An example of developing the model of a technical system in the DC-Net environment and an example of developing a process for visualizing the functioning of a corresponding technical system based on the Unity platform are presented. The fundamental suitability of using the integration of various information technologies linked with various software environments has been confirmed.

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Shinya, Makiha, Akikazu Shinya, Lippo V. J. Lassila, Juha Varrela, and Pekka K. Vallittu. "Enhanced Degree of Monomer Conversion of Orthodontic Adhesives Using a Glass-Fiber Layer under the Bracket." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/051008-256.1.

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Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the degree of conversion (DC%) of orthodontic composites during the light-curing process with or without the use of a glass-fiber reinforcement. Materials and Methods: Two light-curing orthodontic adhesives, Transbond XT (TB) and Beauty Ortho Bond (BO), were used with woven preimpregnated glass fibers. The degree of monomer conversion was determined for both adhesives in three settings (n = 5 per group): in the first group, the adhesive was cured without a bracket (control); in the second group, the bracket was bonded using adhesive without fiber reinforcement; and in the third group, a layer of glass-fiber net was added between the bracket and resin. The adhesive resin was light cured, and the DC% was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: A two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the DC% (P < .001) between adhesives and between the fiber-reinforced and nonreinforced groups. When the nonreinforced adhesives were light cured under the brackets, the DC% was significantly lower (TB: 37.0%, SD 3.4; BO: 36.9%, SD 1.9) compared with the control (TB: 54.7%, SD 0.6; BO: 65.9%, SD 0.5). A higher DC% was found when the resin was light cured in the presence of a glass-fiber net (TB: 44.1%, SD 0.3; BO: 55.3%, SD 1.7). Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The degree of monomer conversion of the light-curing adhesive resin under stainless steel bracket can be improved by adding a thin layer of glass-fiber–reinforced composite between the bracket and adhesive resin.

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Pandey, Gaurav, Sri Niwas Singh, Bharat Singh Rajpurohit, and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. "Smart DC Grid for Autonomous Zero Net Electric Energy of Cluster of Buildings." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 30 (2015): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.12.362.

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Ng, Wee Yang, Yee Cheong Lam, and Isabel Rodríguez. "DC-Biased AC-Electrokinetic Mixing: A Mechanistic Investigation." Advanced Materials Research 74 (June 2009): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.74.109.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on the DC-biased AC-electrokinetic (ACEK) flow vortex in a rectangular microchannel. This is a new flow phenomenon in AC-electrokinetics and had been successfully utilized for microfluidic mixing as reported in our previous work. The microchannel is aligned parallel to a pair of energized coplanar microelectrodes such that the generated flow vortex is perpendicular to the pressure-driven flowing samples. With the application of a DC bias AC voltage, incipient Faradaic reactions occur above the electrodes and thus producing ions and creating a net dominant flow vortex. Further investigation to understand the generation of the DC-biased ACEK flow was conducted. This is performed by direct visualization of such flow vortex formation from the cross-section of a rectangular microchannel.

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Harris, David A., Robert A. Burns, and Rida Ali. "Evaluation of Infant Formula Protein Quality: Comparison of In Vitro with In Vivo Methods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 2 (March 1, 1988): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.2.353.

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Abstract Two-week protein efficiency ratio (2-wk PER), net protein ratio (NPR), calculated-protein efficiency ratio (C-PER), and discriminant computed- protein efficiency ratio (DC-PER) of milk- and soy-based infant formulas were compared to a 4-week protein efficiency ratio (PER). Expressed relative to ANRC casein, 2-week PER and NPR correlated significantly (P < 0.01, r = 0.90) with PER. Although C-PER and DC-PER also correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with PER, r = 0.71 and r = 0.87, respectively, these in vitro methods did not distinguish differences in protein quality among soy-based infant formulas. C-PER and DC-PER, as currently designed, are not applicable to the measurement of protein quality for all types of infant formulas.

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ElBasiouny, Sherif M., and Vivian K. Mushahwar. "Modulation of motoneuronal firing behavior after spinal cord injury using intraspinal microstimulation current pulses: a modeling study." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 1 (July 2007): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01222.2006.

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We simulated the effects of delivering focal electrical stimuli to the central nervous system to modulate the firing rate of neurons and alleviate motor disorders. Application of these stimuli to the spinal cord to reduce the increased excitability of motoneurons and resulting spasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI) was examined by means of a morphologically detailed computer model of a spinal motoneuron. High-frequency sinusoidal and rectangular pulses as well as biphasic charge-balanced and charge-imbalanced pulses were examined. Our results suggest that suprathreshold high-frequency sinusoidal or rectangular current pulses could inactivate the Na+channels in the soma and initial segment, and block action potentials from propagating through the axon. Subthreshold biphasic charge-imbalanced pulses reduced the motoneuronal firing rate significantly (up to ∼25% reduction). The reduction in firing rate was achieved through stimulation-induced hyperpolarization generated in the first node of Ranvier. Because of their low net DC current, these pulses could be tolerated safely by the tissue. To deliver charge-imbalanced pulses with the lowest net DC current and induce the largest reduction in motoneuronal firing rate, we studied the effect of various charge-imbalanced pulse parameters. Short pulse durations were found to induce the largest reduction in firing rate for the same net DC level. Subthreshold high-frequency sinusoidal and rectangular current pulses and low-frequency biphasic charge-balanced pulses, on the other hand, were ineffective in reducing the motoneuronal firing rate. In conclusion, the proposed electrical stimulation paradigms could provide potential rehabilitation interventions for suppressing the excitability of neurons to reduce the severity of motor disorders after injury to the central nervous system.

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Chung, Jin-Sung, Kota Sato, Irene I. Dougherty, Ponciano D. Cruz, and Kiyoshi Ariizumi. "DC-HIL is a negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation." Blood 109, no. 10 (February 6, 2007): 4320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-11-053769.

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Abstract T-cell activation is the net product of competing positive and negative signals transduced by regulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) binding to corresponding ligands on T cells. Having previously identified DC-HIL as a receptor expressed by APCs that contains an extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)–like domain, we postulated that it plays a role in T-cell activation. To probe this function, we created soluble recombinant DC-HIL, which we observed to bind activated (but not resting) T cells, indicating that expression of the putative ligand on T cells is induced by activation. Binding of DC-HIL to naive T cells attenuated these cells' primary response to anti-CD3 antibody, curtailing IL-2 production, and preventing entry into the cell cycle. DC-HIL also inhibited reactivation of T cells previously activated by APCs (secondary response). By contrast, addition of soluble DC-HIL to either allogeneic or ovalbumin-specific lymphocyte reactions augmented T-cell proliferation, and its injection into mice during the elicitation (but not sensitization) phase of contact hypersensitivity exacerbated ear-swelling responses. Mutant analyses showed the inhibitory function of DC-HIL to reside in its extracellular Ig-like domain. We conclude that endogenous DC-HIL is a negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation, and that this native inhibitory function can be blocked by exogenous DC-HIL, leading to enhanced immune responses.

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Fioritto, Amanda. "Connecting Under-Resourced Youth to Opportunity: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Youth Employment Program in Washington, DC." Policy Perspectives 23 (May 2, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v23i0.16243.

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This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of a youth development program run by Urban Alliance, a nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, DC that provides paid internships to under-resourced high school students. Although Urban Alliance served over 1,500 youth across four locations through multiple programs during the 2013-14 academic year, this analysis focuses exclusively on the High School Internship Program (HSIP) in Washington, DC. Using a sub-national perspective, the costs and benefits experienced by all residents and groups in Washington, DC are considered in the analysis. The status quo to which this program is compared is student nonparticipation in any similar program. Under the base case, the program is expected to yield approximately $19 million in net benefits. This study concludes that the program is efficient and should continue to operate.

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Fan, Xiaojie, Xiaoyu Zhang, Zibo Zhang, and Yifang Jiang. "Deep Learning-Based Identification of Spinal Metastasis in Lung Cancer Using Spectral CT Images." Scientific Programming 2021 (June 28, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2779390.

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In this study, deep learning algorithm-based energy/spectral computed tomography (CT) for the spinal metastasis from lung cancer was used. A dilated convolutional U-Net model (DC-U-Net model) was first proposed, which was used to segment the energy/spectral CT image of patients with the spinal metastasis from lung cancer. Subsequently, energy/spectral CT images under different energy levels were collected for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) comparison. It was found the learning rate of the model decreased exponentially as the number of training increased, with the lung contour segmented out of the image. Under 40–65 keV, the CT value of bone metastasis from lung cancer decreased with increasing energy, as with the average rank sum test result. The SNR and CNR values were the highest under 60 keV. The detection rate of the deep learning algorithm below 60 keV was 81.41%, and that of professional doctors was 77.56%. The detection rate of the deep learning algorithm below 140 keV was 66.03%, and that of professional doctors was 64.74%. In conclusion, the DC-U-Net model demonstrates better segmentation effects versus the convolutional neutral networ k (CNN), with the lung contour segmented. Further, a higher energy level leads to worse segmentation effects on the energy/spectral CT image.

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Martin, Rosie, Jackie Sturt, and Frances Griffiths. "The impact of digital communication on adolescent to adult mental health service transitions." Journal of Research in Nursing 25, no. 3 (May 2020): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987120915746.

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Background Inaccessible services and poor communication are barriers to successful transitions between adolescent and adult mental health services, for which digital communications (DC) offer a possible solution. Aims To investigate the role of DC, including smartphone apps, email and text, given the known barriers and facilitators of mental health service transitions reported in the literature. Methods Use of Neale’s (2016) iterative categorisation technique to undertake a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected for the Long-term conditions Young people Networked Communication (LYNC) study. Results DC were used successfully by young people and staff in ways that ameliorated known barriers to service transitions. They engendered responsibility in young people, promoted service access and contributed to client safety, particularly in times of crisis. DC risks included over-familiarity between young people and staff, and the possibility that messages could go unread. Conclusions DC have the potential to facilitate trust and familiarity during and after transition to adult mental health services. They can strengthen young people’s perceptions of adult services as supportive, empowering and available. DC can be used for frequent ‘check-ins’ and remote digital support for social and personal problems. They provide an additional safety net for at-risk individuals, but require careful boundary setting.

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Wang, Yang, Fengyun Chen, Wen Xiao, and Zhengming Li. "Operation Optimization of DC Distribution Network with BSS Based on GA-WDO Hybrid Algorithm." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 7 (November 4, 2020): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096513999200422142041.

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Background: The high permeability of Distributed Generation (DG) and the development of DC load represented by electric vehicle Battery Swapping Station (BSS) pose new challenges to the reliable and economic operation of DC distribution system. Methods: In order to improve the wind and solar absorption rate and the reliable operation of DC distribution network and coordinate the interests and demands of BSS and DC distribution company, the upper level takes the abandonment rate and the minimum variance of BSS charging and discharging net load as two objective functions, and the lower level takes the minimum operation cost of DC distribution network and BSS as the objective function. Secondly, this paper proposes a method that combines Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Wind-Driven Optimization algorithm (WDO). CPLEX and hybrid GA-WDO are used to solve the upper and lower models, respectively. Results: Finally, an example shows that the proposed optimization model can reduce the operation cost of DC distribution network with BSS and improve the utilization rate of wind and light, which shows the rationality and effectiveness of the optimization model. Conclusion: In this paper, considering the randomness and uncertainty of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation, this paper establishes the upper objective function with the minimum abandonment rate and load variance and the lower objective function with the minimum operation cost of DC distribution network and BSS operators.

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Sun, Ruijuan, Gayan Abeynayake, Jun Liang, and Kewen Wang. "Reliability and Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power DC Collection Systems." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102922.

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One key directive to realize the global transition towards net-zero emission goals is to integrate more renewable energy resources into the generation mix. Due to higher and more consistent wind speeds, offshore wind farms (OWFs) have the potential to generate more energy at a steadier rate than their onshore counterpart. However, at the collection system level, all the OWFs use alternating current (AC) technology at present. Nonetheless, with an increasing capacity of the single wind turbine (WT) and larger distances to the shore, the use of direct current (DC) technology at the collection system level is beneficial. To select a suitable DC collection system topology, this paper proposes a comprehensive analytical reliability evaluation method, based on the Universal Generating Function technique, together with associated economic factors. Four candidates DC collection system options were evaluated with different WT capacities for a 400 MW OWF. The availability indices such as Generation Ratio Availability and Expected Energy Not Supplied were used to assess their reliability levels. The results show that the radial topology with a single platform DC/DC converter is more reliable and economical than the other candidate options.

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Sangaletti, Sabina, Claudio Tripodo, Claudia Chiodoni, Carla Guarnotta, Barbara Cappetti, Patrizia Casalini, Silvia Piconese, et al. "Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil antigens to myeloid dendritic cells toward ANCA induction and associated autoimmunity." Blood 120, no. 15 (October 11, 2012): 3007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-03-416156.

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Abstract Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) target proteins normally retained within neutrophils, indicating that cell death is involved in the autoimmunity process. Still, ANCA pathogenesis remains obscure. ANCAs activate neutrophils inducing their respiratory burst and a peculiar form of cell death, named NETosis, characterized by formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), decondensed chromatin threads decorated with cytoplasmic proteins endorsed with antimicrobial activity. NETs have been consistently detected in ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis, and this association prompted us to test whether the peculiar structure of NET favors neutrophil proteins uploading into myeloid dendritic cells and the induction of ANCAs and associated autoimmunity. Here we show that myeloid DCs uploaded with and activated by NET components induce ANCA and autoimmunity when injected into naive mice. DC uploading and autoimmunity induction are prevented by NET treatment with DNAse, indicating that NET structural integrity is needed to maintain the antigenicity of cytoplasmic proteins. We found NET intermingling with myeloid dendritic cells also positive for neutrophil myeloperoxidase in myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated microscopic poliangiitis providing a potential correlative picture in human pathology. These data provide the first demonstration that NET structures are highly immunogenic such to trigger adaptive immune response relevant for autoimmunity.

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Srisattayakul, Parinya, Charnnarong Saikaew, Anurat Wisitsoraat, and Naphatara Intanon. "Effects of Sputtering Coating Factors on Elastic Modulus of MoN Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.249.

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Surface quality of an upper hook, an important fishing net-weaving machine component manufactured from stainless steel, was improved by systematically investigating the effects of sputtering coating factors using experimental design. Three factors of MoN coating on upper hooks including DC current, operating pressure, and Ar/N2 ratio were studied and optimized for maximum elastic modulus. It was found that the three coating factors affected the elastic modulus of the MoN coating on upper hooks. In addition, the optimal operating condition for MoN coating that produced a maximum elastic modulus was obtained at DC current of 0.35 A, operating pressure of 0.01 mbar, and Ar/N2 ratio of 1.5.

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Zhang, Ji Fang, Wei Liu, and Shi Wei Sun. "Inhibition of Double PWM Welding Power Supply Voltage Fluctuation of the Intermediate Links." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.897.

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Double PWM welding power source can restrain the net side current harmonic. In order to suppress the transient when the intermediate DC link voltage fluctuation, generally adopt the method of increasing capacitor capacity, the disadvantages of this approach are: slow dynamic response, large volume, low service life, high cost of equipment. Therefore put forward a kind of double PWM welding power source based on feed-forward control power, using the power of feed-forward can effectively inhibit the intermediate DC link voltage fluctuation, based on the control method of the power system has a high power factor, good dynamic performance, simple and easy, good application prospect.

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Banerjee, Arundhati, Rakhi Dasgupta, and Sujay Ray. "A Computational Study to Prevent HIV Invasion by Bovine LF in Mucosal-Layer via Blocking of DC-SIGN_GP120 Interaction." Current Proteomics 17, no. 5 (July 16, 2020): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570164617666191206162237.

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Background: Invasion of HIV in human occurs through DC-SIGN’s interaction via the mucosal lining during sexual transmission. Bovine Lactoferrin (bLF) has been known to hinder this invasion via its interaction with DC-SIGN. Hitherto, protein assays have taken place but molecular-level studies remain unexplored. Methodology: The 3D structures of the three proteins were studied. After protein docking (bLF_DCSIGN and gp120_DC-SIGN), the complexes underwent simulation. Stability parameters and binding patterns with residues were explored. Results and Conclusion: ΔG values, net area for solvent accessibilities and conformational fluctuations in DC-SIGN affirm the binding of bLF with DC-SIGN to be more spontaneous and steadier contrary to that with gp120. Residue participation inferred more interactions to occur from bLF complex with a greater percentage of arginine (which strengthens the interaction) while electrostatic interaction between Lys45 (bLF) and Glu26 (DC-SIGN) strengthened the complex. Arg37 played an active role from DC-SIGN to form the stabilizing charged-neutral H-bond, while Lys63 from bLF formed two more such stabilizing charged-neutral H-bond with DC-SIGN. The prime binding sites in DC-SIGN; Arg37 and Gln34 occupy helices. The binding pockets in DC-SIGN may be blocked by bLF spontaneously, to hinder their interaction with gp120. No ionic-ionic interaction was observed from gp120_DCSIGN complex. 88th residue, which was a predominant residue in the binding pocket was found to experience a conformational shift from coils to sheets after interaction of DC-SIGN with bLF. This would instigate the pharmaceutical research as non-toxic LF would be economic as a remarkable peptide inhibitor opposing HIV.

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Chen, Xing, Suhua Lou, Yanjie Liang, Yaowu Wu, and Xianglu He. "Optimal Scheduling of a Regional Power System Aiming at Accommodating Clean Energy." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042169.

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The regional power system is an essential mechanism to solve the unbalanced distribution of resources and achieve more efficient resource allocation. In this paper, an optimal scheduling model of the regional power system is developed, to maximize social welfare and minimize clean energy electricity curtailment. This model can realize the optimal allocation of power generation resources and the maximum accommodation of multiple types of clean energy, by minimizing the sum of the electricity purchase cost and the dynamic penalty cost of clean energy. Meanwhile, it considers the modeling of the key AC/DC hybrid tie-line in the regional power grid. To this end, the modeling methods of power transmitted by AC/DC tie-line, the net loss of the tie-line, the stair-like operation of the DC tie-line power, the operation constraints of the DC tie-line are proposed. Then a simulation example study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model, which proves that the regional power system can stimulate the resource optimization potential better than the provincial power system.

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Xia, Kun, Jing Lu, Chao Bi, Yuan Tan, and Bin Dong. "Dynamic commutation torque‐ripple reduction for brushless DC motor based on quasi‐Z‐source net." IET Electric Power Applications 10, no. 9 (November 2016): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2016.0219.

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Mackay, Laurens, Elisabeth Vandeventer, and Laura Ramirez-Elizondo. "Circulating Net Currents in Meshed DC Distribution Grids: A Challenge for Residual Ground Fault Protection." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 33, no. 2 (April 2018): 1018–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2018.2799478.

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Poyato, Rosalía, Bryan D. Huey, and Nitin P. Padture. "Local piezoelectric and ferroelectric responses in nanotube-patterned thin films of BaTiO3 synthesized hydrothermally at 200 °C." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0069.

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Piezoresponse atomic-force microscopy (PFM) has been used to characterize the local piezoelectric properties of a novel, nanotube-patterned (“honeycomb”) thin film of BaTiO3 on Ti substrate synthesized hydrothermally at 200 °C. PFM amplitude and phase images, prior to the application of any direct current (dc) field, show ring-shaped piezoelectric regions that correspond to the nanostructure of this film. These results show clearly that the as-synthesized nanotube-patterned BaTiO3 thin film is piezoelectric, with a net spontaneous polarization perpendicular to the film–substrate interface. In addition, polarization switching and hysteresis were observed as a function of applied dc field, confirming that this novel fabrication procedure results in unique configurations of BaTiO3 film that are also ferroelectric.

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Sharma, Roshan, and Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani. "Addressing Abrupt PV Disturbances, and Mitigating Net Load Profile’s Ramp and Peak Demands, Using Distributed Storage Devices." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051024.

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At high penetration level of photovoltaic (PV) generators, their abrupt disturbances (caused by moving clouds) cause voltage and frequency perturbations and increase system losses. Meanwhile, the daily irradiation profile increases the slope in the net-load profile, for example, California duck curve, which imposes the challenge of quickly bringing on-line conventional generators in the early evening hours. Accordingly, this paper presents an approach to achieve two objectives: (1) address abrupt disturbances caused by PV generators, and (2) shape the net load profile. The approach is based on employing battery energy storage (BES) systems coupled with PV generators and equipped with proper controls. The proposed BES addresses these two issues by realizing flexible power ramp-up and ramp-down rates by the combined PV and BES. This paper presents the principles, modeling and control design aspects of the proposed system. A hybrid dc/ac study system is simulated and the effectiveness of the proposed BES in reducing the impacts of disturbances on both the dc and ac subsystems is verified. It is then shown that the proposed PV-BES modifies the daily load profile to mitigate the required challenge for quickly bringing on-line synchronous generators.

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Colvin, Daniel L., Robert H. Walker, Michael G. Patterson, Glenn Wehtje, and John A. McGuire. "Row Pattern and Weed Management Effects on Peanut Production1." Peanut Science 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/pnut.12.1.0006.

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Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1981 through 1983 on a Dothan sandy loam (Plinthic Paleudults) at Headland, Alabama, to investigate the effects of row patterns and weed management systems on weed control, peanut yield, and net returns to land and management. Treatments consisted of three row patterns, a) conventional 91-cm rows, b) dual twin 18-cm rows, and c) triple twin 18-cm rows, and six weed management systems ranging from none to various combinations of herbicide and mechanical inputs. The experimental area was naturally infested with bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.). Results showed that weed control was affected somewhat by row patterns with broadleaf weeds being more responsive to row pattern manipulation than grass weeds. Weed fresh weights were generally lower as row patterns narrowed from conventional 91-cm spacing, however exceptions did occur. Highest yields and net returns were obtained when peanuts were planted in the dual twin 18-cm rows and weed management included benefin applied preplant incorporated, plus alachlor applied preemergence, and two timely cultivations.

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Babu, Bandla Pavan, V. Indragandhi, R. RajaSingh, and Ramani Kannan. "Design Approach of Grid Coupled Solar Inverter." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822506001.

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In novel times, more demands are gained by grid connected solar inverters along with the upgrading of the solar energy generation. In grid connected solar power generation, if there is increase in placing more number of solar inverters it may result in effecting the power quality issues. Solar Grid Tied Inverter system is a electrical power generating system that is coupled to the functioning power grid. This power generating system unit consists of elements like Photovoltaic array, DC to DC converter, DC to AC converter, single phase/three phase converter, and AC Source. The inverter converts DC power generated by the array of photovoltaic cells into AC power and this generated AC power is fed to the connected AC loads. If the amount power generation is exceeding the power demanded, excess AC power is supplied to the grid. With this novel approach we can minimize the use of the AC power from the power grid and also even make a generation to the power grid and this is measured with help of net metering. In this paper designing of 281.6Kw grid tied solar power generation and technical specifications required for them are proposed.

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Siddique, Abu Raihan Mohammad, and M. Shamim Kaiser. "Financial and Performance Analyses of Microcontroller Based Solar-Powered Autorickshaw for a Developing Country." Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5246435.

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This paper presents a case study to examine the economic viability and performance analysis of a microcontroller based solar powered battery operated autorickshaw (m-SBAR), for the developing countries, which is compared with different types of rickshaws such as pedal rickshaw (PR), battery operated autorickshaw (BAR), and solar-powered battery operated autorickshaw (SBAR), available in Bangladesh. The BAR consists of a rickshaw structure, a battery bank, a battery charge controller, a DC motor driver, and a DC motor whereas the proposed m-SBAR contains additional components like solar panel and microcontroller based DC motor driver. The complete design considered the local radiation data and load profile of the proposed m-SBAR. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis, Net Present Worth, payback periods, and Benefit-to-Cost Ratio methods have been used to evaluate the financial feasibility and sensitivity analysis of m-SBAR, grid-powered BAR, and PR. The numerical analysis reveals that LCOE and Benefit-to-Cost Ratio of the proposed m-SBAR are lower compared to the grid-powered BAR. It has also been found that microcontroller based DC motor control circuit reduces battery discharge rate, improves battery life, and controls motor speed efficiency.

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Bloom, David E., Alexander Khoury, and V. Srinivasan. "OP61 Net Value Of Treating Hepatitis C With Newly Available Direct-Acting Antivirals." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001058.

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Introduction:Recently developed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are groundbreaking in their high efficacy across disease genotypes and lack of severe side effects. This study used a cost-of-illness (COI) approach to estimate the net value conferred by one of these novel drug combinations, sofosbuvir and velpatasir (SOF/VEL), recently licensed for generic manufacture in India.Methods:This study considered COI from lifetime earnings lost due to disability and premature death from HCV infection. Risk of death and disability in future years was calculated using a Markov state-transition model with parameters determined from the literature. The future earnings of sampled patients were predicted using an empirical earnings model, with coefficients determined from India Human Development Survey data. Costs to both the patient and secondarily infected individuals were considered.Results:Preliminary results suggested that curing individuals diagnosed with chronic HCV in India would preserve INR 3.7 million (USD 55,750) in earnings per person. For non-cirrhotic (NC) and compensated cirrhotic (CC) individuals, the expected benefits associated with preventing secondary infections were worth between one and forty-one percent of the value of benefits conferred to the diagnosed individuals (depending on sex and extent of liver damage). Treating decompensated cirrhotic (DC) individuals with DAAs alone offered minimal earnings benefits because these individuals will likely remain disabled and unable to work without a liver transplant. Expected net benefits of treatment were substantial for NC and CC patients, ranging from INR 640,349 (USD 9,531) for NC women to INR 10.7 million (USD 158,968) for CC men. The cost of treatment for DC individuals exceeded the expected earnings benefits.Conclusions:For average NC and CC individuals, the cost of treatment with SOF/VEL is offset by the benefits of increased future productivity. Increased earnings are not sufficient to offset the cost of treatment for DC individuals, but treatment may still be justified on the basis of the intrinsic value of health improvements and other treatment benefits.

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KUBOTA, Yoshihiro, Tamotsu NAKAMURA, Shigekazu TANAKA, Kunio HAYAKAWA, Hideo NAKAMURA, Kazuo MOTOMURA, and Teppei MIYAZAKI. "Net Shape Forming of Dental Prosthetic Crownby DC Pulse Resistance Sintering Process of Titanium Powder Metal." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 48, no. 557 (2007): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.48.561.

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Pérez-González, Andrés, Álvaro Jaramillo-Duque, and Juan Bernardo Cano-Quintero. "Automatic Boundary Extraction for Photovoltaic Plants Using the Deep Learning U-Net Model." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 6524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146524.

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Nowadays, the world is in a transition towards renewable energy solar being one of the most promising sources used today. However, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems present great challenges for their proper performance such as dirt and environmental conditions that may reduce the output energy of the PV plants. For this reason, inspection and periodic maintenance are essential to extend useful life. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for inspection and maintenance of PV plants favor a timely diagnosis. UAV path planning algorithm over a PV facility is required to better perform this task. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how to extract the boundary of PV facilities with some techniques. This research work focuses on an automatic boundary extraction method of PV plants from imagery using a deep neural network model with a U-net structure. The results obtained were evaluated by comparing them with other reported works. Additionally, to achieve the boundary extraction processes, the standard metrics Intersection over Union (IoU) and the Dice Coefficient (DC) were considered to make a better conclusion among all methods. The experimental results evaluated on the Amir dataset show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the boundary and segmentation performance in the test stage up to 90.42% and 91.42% as calculated by IoU and DC metrics, respectively. Furthermore, the training period was faster. Consequently, it is envisaged that the proposed U-Net model will be an advantage in remote sensing image segmentation.

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Mir-Nasiri, Nazim, and Sulaiman Hussaini. "New Intelligent Transmission Concept for Hybrid Mobile Robot Speed Control." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/5784.

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This paper presents a new concept of a mobile robot speed control by using two degree of freedom gear transmission. The developed intelligent speed controller utilizes a gear box which comprises of epicyclic gear train with two inputs, one coupled with the engine shaft and another with the shaft of a variable speed dc motor. The net output speed is a combination of the two input speeds and is governed by the transmission ratio of the planetary gear train. This new approach eliminates the use of a torque converter which is otherwise an indispensable part of all available automatic transmissions, thereby reducing the power loss that occurs in the box during the fluid coupling. By gradually varying the speed of the dc motor a stepless transmission has been achieved. The other advantages of the developed controller are pulling over and reversing the vehicle, implemented by intelligent mixing of the dc motor and engine speeds. This approach eliminates traditional braking system in entire vehicle design. The use of two power sources, IC engine and battery driven DC motor, utilizes the modern idea of hybrid vehicles. The new mobile robot speed controller is capable of driving the vehicle even in extreme case of IC engine failure, for example, due to gas depletion.

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Fridgen, Gilbert, Marc-Fabian Körner, Steffen Walters, and Martin Weibelzahl. "Not All Doom and Gloom: How Energy-Intensive and Temporally Flexible Data Center Applications May Actually Promote Renewable Energy Sources." Business & Information Systems Engineering 63, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12599-021-00686-z.

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AbstractTo achieve a sustainable energy system, a further increase in electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES) is imperative. However, the development and implementation of RES entail various challenges, e.g., dealing with grid stability issues due to RES’ intermittency. Correspondingly, increasingly volatile and even negative electricity prices question the economic viability of RES-plants. To address these challenges, this paper analyzes how the integration of an RES-plant and a computationally intensive, energy-consuming data center (DC) can promote investments in RES-plants. An optimization model is developed that calculates the net present value (NPV) of an integrated energy system (IES) comprising an RES-plant and a DC, where the DC may directly consume electricity from the RES-plant. To gain applicable knowledge, this paper evaluates the developed model by means of two use-cases with real-world data, namely AWS computing instances for training Machine Learning algorithms and Bitcoin mining as relevant DC applications. The results illustrate that for both cases the NPV of the IES compared to a stand-alone RES-plant increases, which may lead to a promotion of RES-plants. The evaluation also finds that the IES may be able to provide significant energy flexibility that can be used to stabilize the electricity grid. Finally, the IES may also help to reduce the carbon-footprint of new energy-intensive DC applications by directly consuming electricity from RES-plants.

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LEEK, T. H., S. LINGARD, W. A. BULLOUGH, and R. J. ATKIN. "THE TIME RESPONSE OF AN ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUID IN A HYDRODYNAMIC FILM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 3343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001793.

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The work is a practical investigation of an electro-rheological fluid in a hydrodynamic film using a Rayleigh step bearing in which a step electric field is applied across the fluid film. A number of different bearings are used, and all data presented is for the repeatable condition of zero net flow rate. Earlier work on steady state conditions is extended to high speed data logging of the pressure generation response to DC step excitations of various magnitudes

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Saikaew, Charnnarong. "Factors Influencing Hardness of a Coating Material for Coating a Machine Component." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.294.

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This work investigated the influences of DC current, pressure and N2 to Ar gas flow rate on hardness of a TiN hard coating material for coating a fishing net-weaving machine component of a fishing net-weaving machine, namely upper hook. The target of this study was to maximize the hardness of TiN coated upper hook in order to maximize the corresponding wear resistance. Three process factors including DC current, operating pressure and N2 to Ar flow rate ratio were simultaneously investigated using the factorial design with replicates at the center point of the three factors method. Analysis of variance was used to investigate the effect of the three factors on the hardness of the TiN coated upper hook and the contour plots based on empirical model were plotted to obtain an appropriate operating condition of the statistically significant process factors with maximizing hardness value leading to the wear resistance of the upper hook. The results showed that the operating pressure and the N2 to Ar flow rate ratio and interaction among the three process factors significantly affected the average hardness at the level of significance of 0.05. Finally, an appropriate operating condition of the significant process factors was obtained at the higher levels of the operating pressure and the N2 to Ar flow rate ratio.

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Shimizu, Yoshitaka, Takuma Sadamori, Noboru Saeki, Akari Mukai, Mitsuru Doi, Kana Oue, Mitsuhiro Yoshida, and Masahiro Irifune. "Efficacy of Chest Compressions Performed on Patients in Dental Chairs Versus on the Floor." Anesthesia Progress 68, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/anpr-68-01-07.

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This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of chest compressions performed in dental chairs (DCs) with 2 different structural support designs and on the floor. This randomized prospective study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of chest compressions (rate and depth) using a feedback device and a manikin reporting system. The mean anterior chest wall motion measurements captured using the feedback device were significantly increased in the DCs than on the floor, whereas the percentage of net chest compression depths ≥5 cm as measured using the manikin reporting system were significantly decreased in the DCs than on the floor. These findings suggest that cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed in a DC without the use of a supporting stool or stiff backboard is not likely to be effective even if a DC design that incorporates a supportive steel column is utilized.

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Pines, Jesse M., Mark S. Zocchi, Alfred Larbi, Pearly Ittickathra, and Nnemdi Kamanu Elias. "Geospatial and Clinical Factors Associated with Frequent Emergency Department Use at a Washington DC Safety Net Hospital." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 31, no. 1 (2020): 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2020.0034.

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Kaewunruen, Sakdirat, Jessada Sresakoolchai, and Lalida Kerinnonta. "Potential Reconstruction Design of an Existing Townhouse in Washington DC for Approaching Net Zero Energy Building Goal." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 6631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236631.

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The concept of the Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) has received more interest from researchers due to global warming concerns. This paper proposes to illustrate optional solutions to allow existing buildings to achieve NZEB goals. The aim of this study is to investigate factors that can improve existing building performance to be in line with the NZEB concept and be more sustainable. An existing townhouse in Washington, DC was chosen as the research target to study how to retrofit or reconstruct the design of a building according to the NZEB concept. The methodology of this research is modeling an existing townhouse to assess the current situation and creating optional models for improving energy efficiency of the townhouse in Revit and utilising renewable energy technology for energy supply. This residential building was modeled in three versions to compare changes in energy performance including improving thermal efficiency of building envelope, increasing thickness of the wall, and installing smart windows (switchable windows). These solutions can reduce energy and cost by approximately 8.16%, 10.16%, and 14.65%, respectively, compared to the original townhouse. Two renewable energy technologies that were considered in this research were photovoltaic and wind systems. The methods can be applied to reconstruct other existing buildings in the future.

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Freudenberg, Christoph, and Frederik Toscani. "Informality and the Challenge of Pension Adequacy." IMF Working Papers 19, no. 149 (July 11, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498318525.001.

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Past reforms have put the Peruvian pension system on a largely fiscally sustainable path, but the system faces important challenges in providing adequate pension levels for a large share of the population. Using administrative microdata at the affiliate level, we project replacement rates in the defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) pillars over the next 30 years and simulate the impact of various reform scenarios on the average level and distribution of pensions. In the DB pillar, the regressive minimum contribution period should be re-thought, while in the DC pillar a broadening of the contribution base and/or an increase in contribution rates would help increase replacement rates relative to the baseline forecast of 25-33 percent. A higher net real rate of return than assumed in the baseline would also have a significant positive impact. In the medium-term, labor market reform to tackle informality, and a broad pension reform to restructure the system and avoid competition between the DB and DC pillars should be a priority. Given low pension coverage, having a strong non-contributory pillar will remain important for the foreseeable future.

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Rasheduzzaman, Md, Poria Fajri, Jonathan Kimball, and Brad Deken. "Modeling, Analysis, and Control Design of a Single-Stage Boost Inverter." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 4098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144098.

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A single-phase, single-stage, differential boost inverter comprises two independently-controlled boost DC-DC converters, with the load connected between their outputs. The net voltage on the load is sinusoidal and has a controllable frequency and magnitude that is larger than that of the DC source. The present work first derives steady-state and small-signal models of the inverter with parasitic elements. The results obtained from the line-to-output transfer function, control-to-output transfer function, open-loop input impedance, and open-loop output impedance models are compared with that of the ones obtained from the experimental testbed. Using the new models, a voltage mode controller is designed in the synchronous reference frame. The regulator design is explored through the use of an example. The results are verified against the small-signal model, then PLECS simulations, and finally a laboratory experiment. The results indicate excellent agreement between the model and experiment during transients in voltage reference, input source voltage, and output load. A sensitivity analysis is performed based on the inverter model considering the parameter variation. Finally, loss and efficiency estimations are provided in this work.

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Journal articles on the topic 'DC-Net'

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