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Journal articles on the topic 'DDML'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Fan, Lili, Hongwei Zhao, Haoyu Zhao, Pingping Liu, and Huangshui Hu. "Distribution Structure Learning Loss (DSLL) Based on Deep Metric Learning for Image Retrieval." Entropy 21, no. 11 (2019): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21111121.

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The massive number of images demands highly efficient image retrieval tools. Deep distance metric learning (DDML) is proposed to learn image similarity metrics in an end-to-end manner based on the convolution neural network, which has achieved encouraging results. The loss function is crucial in DDML frameworks. However, we found limitations to this model. When learning the similarity of positive and negative examples, the current methods aim to pull positive pairs as close as possible and separate negative pairs into equal distances in the embedding space. Consequently, the data distribution might be omitted. In this work, we focus on the distribution structure learning loss (DSLL) algorithm that aims to preserve the geometric information of images. To achieve this, we firstly propose a metric distance learning for highly matching figures to preserve the similarity structure inside it. Second, we introduce an entropy weight-based structural distribution to set the weight of the representative negative samples. Third, we incorporate their weights into the process of learning to rank. So, the negative samples can preserve the consistency of their structural distribution. Generally, we display comprehensive experimental results drawing on three popular landmark building datasets and demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance.

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Han, Jonghyeuk, Wonwoo Jeong, Min-Kyeong Kim, Sang-Hyeon Nam, Eui-Kyun Park, and Hyun-Wook Kang. "Demineralized Dentin Matrix Particle-Based Bio-Ink for Patient-Specific Shaped 3D Dental Tissue Regeneration." Polymers 13, no. 8 (2021): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081294.

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Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM)-based materials have been actively developed and are well-known for their excellent performance in dental tissue regeneration. However, DDM-based bio-ink suitable for fabrication of engineered dental tissues that are patient-specific in terms of shape and size, has not yet been developed. In this study, we developed a DDM particle-based bio-ink (DDMp bio-ink) with enhanced three-dimensional (3D) printability. The bio-ink was prepared by mixing DDM particles and a fibrinogen–gelatin mixture homogeneously. The effects of DDMp concentration on the 3D printability of the bio-ink and dental cell compatibility were investigated. As the DDMp concentration increased, the viscosity and shear thinning behavior of the bio-ink improved gradually, which led to the improvement of the ink’s 3D printability. The higher the DDMp content, the better were the printing resolution and stacking ability of the 3D printing. The printable minimum line width of 10% w/v DDMp bio-ink was approximately 252 μm, whereas the fibrinogen–gelatin mixture was approximately 363 μm. The ink’s cytocompatibility test with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibited greater than 95% cell viability. In addition, as the DDMp concentration increased, odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was significantly enhanced. Finally, we demonstrated that cellular constructs with 3D patient-specific shapes and clinically relevant sizes could be fabricated through co-printing of polycaprolactone and DPSC-laden DDMp bio-ink.

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Matias, Maíra Ramalho, Nidia Reis de Paiva, and Rúbia Gomes Morato. "ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DAS DISTÂNCIAS PERCORRIDAS PELAS MULHERES VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA EM BUSCA POR ATENDIMENTO POLICIAL EM SÃO PAULO." Iniciação Científica Cesumar 23, no. 1 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9192.2021v23n1e9994.

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O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar espacialmente os deslocamentos de mulheres em situação de violência em busca de atendimento especializado em Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher (DDMs) do município de São Paulo, entre 2011 e 2017. Foram utilizados dados dos boletins de ocorrência registrados em DDMs. Os centróides dos 94 Distritos Policiais foram utilizados como origem aproximada das ocorrências e as 9 DDMs existentes foram consideradas os pontos de destino para a elaboração dos mapas de fluxos e cálculos de distâncias percorridas. Observou-se que a maior quantidade de denúncias é registrada em DDMs próximas às ocorrências, concentrando-se na faixa de até 10 km. Quando são realizadas fora da circunscrição das Delegacias Seccionais, parte direciona-se para a DDM vizinha do local dos fatos, parte para a 1ª DDM Centro. Os distritos localizados nos extremos Sul, Norte e Leste têm alta concentração de ocorrências e respondem pelos maiores deslocamentos médios. Finalmente, pode-se perceber que a presença de uma DDM no território impacta em maiores fluxos recebidos devido à sua proximidade, o que se mostrou um importante critério de escolha de onde são realizadas as denúncias.

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Chien, Hwa, Quang-Huy Lu, and Wen-Hao Yeh. "Apply GNSS-Reflectometry Technique for wind retrieval in typhoon condition." E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199405003.

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Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an innovative Earth observation technique that exploits signal from satellite constellations after reflection on the Eart h surface. The GNSS-R techniques is also known to have the potential of mapping the surface wind speed up to 70 m/s, and thus provide a promising solution. Abundant real-time data of the typhoon surface wind speed will play the crucial role on the improvement of typhoon intensification forecasting. The aim of present study is to investigate the influences of high wind speed and the corresponding giant waves during typhoon to the GNSS-R wind speed retrieval algorithms. The Mean Square Slope that altered by the complex wave directionality is discussed. Finally, the uncertainties of wind speed retrieval with respect to the influences of wave directionality is assessed. The level 1 product from the GNSS-R receiver is a map of GPS signal power scattered from the sea surface, as a 2D function of delay and Doppler frequency, which is known as a Delay-Doppler Map, or DDM. Based on Zavorotny-Voronovich model, the DDMs are simulated from the Directional Mean Square Slope (DMSS) that obtained from the combination of capillary wave spectra and gravity wave spectra. The gravity wave spectra were calculated using a 3rd generation numerical wave model that driven by the Dujuan typhoon (2015) wind fields with super-fine resolution. The complexity of directional wave spectrum, such as extreme spatial heterogeneity, bimodal spectra and varying directional spreading alter the DMSS and DDM. Various observables, e.g. DDM Average (DDMA), and Leading Edge Slope (LES) are then applied to the simulated DDM. Regression-based wind retrievals are developed for each individual observable using empirical geophysical model functions. The wind speed retrieval in case of Dujuan typhoon are compared with the target data uncertainty assessment.

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Wang, Hao-Yu, and Jyh-Ching Juang. "Retrieval of Ocean Wind Speed Using Super-Resolution Delay-Doppler Maps." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060916.

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The use of reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals has shown to be effective for some remote sensing applications. In a GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) system, a set of delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) related to scattered GNSS signals is formed and serves as a measurement of ocean wind speed and roughness. The design of the DDM receiver involves a trade-off between computation/communication complexity and the effectiveness of data retrieval. A fine-resolution DDM reveals more information in data retrieval while consuming more resources in terms of onboard processing and downlinking. As a result, existing missions typically use a compressed or low-resolution DDM as a data product, and a high-resolution DDM is processed for special purposes such as calibration. In this paper, a deep learning, super resolution algorithm is developed to construct a high-resolution DDM based on a low-resolution DDM. This may potentially enhance the data retrieval results with no impact on the instrument design. The proposed method is applied to process the DDM products disseminated by the Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) and the effectiveness of wind speed retrieval is demonstrated.

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Liu, Guolin, Guoquan Xu, Zhenhua Gao, et al. "Demineralized Dentin Matrix Induces Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells." Cells Tissues Organs 201, no. 1 (2015): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000440952.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and the potential of complexes with DPSCs and DDM for mineralized tissue formation. Stem cells derived from the dental pulp of healthy pigs aged 18 months were isolated and cultured. DPSCs were incubated with alpha-minimum essential medium treated with DDM extract at 1 mg/ml (DDM1) or 10 mg/ml (DDM10). The concentrations of 3 growth factors in DDM extract was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adhesion of DPSCs on DDM and hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) surfaces was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was evaluated with cell counting kit-8 and migration by Transwell migration assays. Odontoblastic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining, ALP activity and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of markers of ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2, type I collagen, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1, osteonectin and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Finally, DPSCs were combined with DDM and placed subcutaneously in nude mice for 12 weeks; DPSCs combined with HA-TCP and DDM alone served as controls. DDM could promote DPSC adhesion, migration and odontoblastic differentiation. Mineralized tissue formation was observed with the DPSC and DDM combination and the DPSC and HA-TCP combination. The mineralized tissue of the DPSC + DDM combination stained positive for DSPP, similar to the dentin tissue. These results indicate that DDM induces DPSC odontoblastic differentiation, suggesting applications for dentin regeneration.

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Wetterauer, Bernhard, Mathias Ricking, Jens C. Otte, et al. "Toxicity, dioxin-like activities, and endocrine effects of DDT metabolites—DDA, DDMU, DDMS, and DDCN." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19, no. 2 (2011): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0570-9.

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Ikegami, Takakazu, Toshiki Hirogaki, and Eiichi Aoyama. "Development of Automatic Servo Tuning Function in Rotary Axis with DDM for Machine Tools and its Performance for Stable Machining." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.511.

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To advance technology of 5-axis control machining centers and future machine tools, it is essential to improve not only the performance of linear axes but also that of rotary axes. Therefore, direct drive motors (DDMs) employed for rotary axes of machine tools was developed by using the quality engineering and the FEM analysis of the electro-magnetic field. In this paper, the improvement impact on the performance of rotary axes from DDMs is described, and the influence of a workpiece position on the machine tool table on the kinematic performance is evaluated. Moreover, a novel method for tuning servo parameters automatically is proposed in order to improve the kinematic performance of a table axis with a workpiece which employs the DDM.

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Shao, Yang, Zhen Peng, Kheng Hwee Lim, and Jin-Fa Lee. "Non-conformal domain decomposition methods for time-harmonic Maxwell equations." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2145 (2012): 2433–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0028.

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We review non-conformal domain decomposition methods (DDMs) and their applications in solving electrically large and multi-scale electromagnetic (EM) radiation and scattering problems. In particular, a finite-element DDM, together with a finite-element tearing and interconnecting (FETI)-like algorithm, incorporating Robin transmission conditions and an edge corner penalty term , are discussed in detail. We address in full the formulations, and subsequently, their applications to problems with significant amounts of repetitions. The non-conformal DDM approach has also been extended into surface integral equation methods. We elucidate a non-conformal integral equation domain decomposition method and a generalized combined field integral equation method for modelling EM wave scattering from non-penetrable and penetrable targets, respectively. Moreover, a plane wave scattering from a composite mockup fighter jet has been simulated using the newly developed multi-solver domain decomposition method.

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Shao, Yang, Zhen Peng, and Jin-Fa Lee. "Thermal-aware DC IR-drop co-analysis using non-conformal domain decomposition methods." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2142 (2012): 1652–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0708.

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Almost all practical engineering applications are multi-physics in nature, and various physical phenomena usually interact and couple with each other. For instance, the resistivity of most conducting metals increases linearly with increases in the surrounding temperature resulting from Joule heating by electrical currents flowing through conductors. Therefore, in order to accurately characterize the performance of high-power integrated circuits (ICs), packages and printed circuit boards (PCBs), it is essential to account for both electrical and thermal effects and the intimate couplings between them. In this paper, we present non-conformal, non-overlapping domain decomposition methods (DDMs) for thermal-aware direct current (DC) IR drop co-analysis of high-power chip-package-PCBs. Here, IR stands for the finite resistivity (R) of metals and current (I) drawn off from the power/ground planes. The proposed DDM starts by partitioning the composite device into inhomogeneous sub-regions with temperature-dependent material properties. Subsequently, each sub-domain is meshed independently according to its own characteristic features. As a consequence, the troublesome mesh-generation task for complex ICs can be greatly subdued. The proposed thermal-aware DC IR drop co-analysis applies the non-conformal DDM for both conduction and steady-state heat-transfer analyses with a two-way coupling between them. Numerical examples, including an IC package and a chip-package-PCB, demonstrate the flexibility and potential of the proposed thermal-aware DC IR-drop co-analysis using non-conformal DDMs.

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Gao, Yanhong, Fei Chen, and Yingsha Jiang. "Evaluation of a Convection-Permitting Modeling of Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Influences on the Simulation of Snow-Cover Fraction." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 7 (2020): 1531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0277.1.

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AbstractPrecipitation is a critical input to land surface and hydrology modeling and prediction. Dynamical downscale modeling has added value to representing precipitation, when compared with the performance of coarse-resolution reanalysis and global climate models, over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Convection-permitting modeling (CPM) may even outperform dynamical downscale models (DDMs). In this study, 4-km CPM results were compared to 28-km DDM results for a snow season (1 October 2013–31 May 2014) over the TP. The CPM- and DDM-simulated precipitation, as well as three merged gridded precipitation datasets, were evaluated against in situ observations below 4800 m. The five precipitation datasets (CPM, DDM, CMFD, COPRPH, and TRMM) showed large differences over the TP with underestimation of TRMM and overestimation of CPM and DDM compared to observations. The most significant difference occurred in the Brahmaputra Grand Canyon. Given the substantial uncertainty in observed precipitation at high mountains, snow cover simulated by a high-resolution land data assimilation system was used to indirectly evaluate the above precipitation data using MODIS observations. Simulated snow-cover fraction was greatly underestimated using all the merged precipitation datasets. However, simulations using the DDM- and CPM-generated precipitation as input outperformed those using other gridded precipitation data, showing lower biases, higher pattern correlations, and closer probability distribution functions than runs driven by the merged precipitation. The findings of this study generally support the assumption that high-resolution CPM-produced precipitation has an added value for use in land surface and hydrology simulations in high-mountain regions without reliable in situ precipitation observations.

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Fudenberg, Drew, Whitney Newey, Philipp Strack, and Tomasz Strzalecki. "Testing the drift-diffusion model." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (2020): 33141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011446117.

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The drift-diffusion model (DDM) is a model of sequential sampling with diffusion signals, where the decision maker accumulates evidence until the process hits either an upper or lower stopping boundary and then stops and chooses the alternative that corresponds to that boundary. In perceptual tasks, the drift of the process is related to which choice is objectively correct, whereas in consumption tasks, the drift is related to the relative appeal of the alternatives. The simplest version of the DDM assumes that the stopping boundaries are constant over time. More recently, a number of papers have used nonconstant boundaries to better fit the data. This paper provides a statistical test for DDMs with general, nonconstant boundaries. As a by-product, we show that the drift and the boundary are uniquely identified. We use our condition to nonparametrically estimate the drift and the boundary and construct a test statistic based on finite samples.

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Drugowitsch, Jan, André G. Mendonça, Zachary F. Mainen, and Alexandre Pouget. "Learning optimal decisions with confidence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (2019): 24872–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906787116.

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Diffusion decision models (DDMs) are immensely successful models for decision making under uncertainty and time pressure. In the context of perceptual decision making, these models typically start with two input units, organized in a neuron–antineuron pair. In contrast, in the brain, sensory inputs are encoded through the activity of large neuronal populations. Moreover, while DDMs are wired by hand, the nervous system must learn the weights of the network through trial and error. There is currently no normative theory of learning in DDMs and therefore no theory of how decision makers could learn to make optimal decisions in this context. Here, we derive such a rule for learning a near-optimal linear combination of DDM inputs based on trial-by-trial feedback. The rule is Bayesian in the sense that it learns not only the mean of the weights but also the uncertainty around this mean in the form of a covariance matrix. In this rule, the rate of learning is proportional (respectively, inversely proportional) to confidence for incorrect (respectively, correct) decisions. Furthermore, we show that, in volatile environments, the rule predicts a bias toward repeating the same choice after correct decisions, with a bias strength that is modulated by the previous choice’s difficulty. Finally, we extend our learning rule to cases for which one of the choices is more likely a priori, which provides insights into how such biases modulate the mechanisms leading to optimal decisions in diffusion models.

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Tahara, Keishiro, Kumiko Mikuriya, Takahiro Masuko, Jun-ichi Kikuchi, and Yoshio Hisaeda. "Dechlorination of DDT catalyzed by visible-light-driven system composed of vitamin B12 derivative and Rhodamine B." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 17, no. 01n02 (2013): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424612501398.

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The visible-light-driven dechlorination of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) was carried out in the presence of a hydrophobic vitamin B12 , heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate and Rhodamine B . DDT was successfully dechlorinated to form 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane (DDD) as the mono-dechlorinated product upon visible light irradiation with a tungsten lamp (λ > 440 nm). Upon prolonged visible light irradiation to DDT, DDMU (1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene), DDMS (1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) and DCS (trans-4,4′-dichlorostilbene) were obtained as the di- and tri-dechlorinated products. The use of the photostable organic sensitizer enabled prolonged photocatalysis via a noble-metal-free process. The vitamin B12 derivative was replaced by an imine/oxime-type cobalt complex although the cobalt complex system showed a lower catalytic activity than the B12 derivative system. The dechlorination mechanism in the B12 -Rhodamin B system was investigated by various methods such as UV-vis absorption and fluorescence quenching.

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Neumann, Heike, and Dietrich Werner. "Gene Expression of Medicago sativa Inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti as Modulated by the Xenobiotics Cadmium and Fluoranthene." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55, no. 3-4 (2000): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2000-3-414.

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Abstract Alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa cv. Europe) inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti 2011 (formerly Rhizobium meliloti, de Lajudie et al., 1994) were cultivated for 14 days under standardized growth conditions in mineral medium with addition of the heavy metal cadmium or the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene. These xenobiotics significantly reduced the numbers of root nodules before any visible damage to the plant could be detected. EC10. EC50, and EC90 (effective concentrations reducing nodulation, shoot and root fresh weight by 10, 50, or 90% compared to the control without pollutant) were calculated. EC50 for cadmium ranged from 5.8 jam (nodulation) to more than 20 μᴍ (root fresh weight). Testing fluoranthene resulted in an EC50 of 2.5 μg cm-2 for nodulation, and EC50 values of more than 35 μg cm-2 for shoot and root biomass production, indicating that the effect parameter nodulation is 10-fold more sensitive than shoot and root fresh weight. With m RNA differential display techniques the effects of both xenobiotics on gene expression in alfalfa root systems were studied. 37 differentially displayed transcripts were detected. Two of them, called DDMs1 and DDMs2, were confirmed by northern hybridization to be down-regulated in the presence of the xenobiotics. The expression of transcript DDMs1 was enhanced in alfalfa control plants inoculated with rhizobia, the transcript level was increased 2.5-3-fold compared to non-inoculated plants. This positive effect of nodulation was suppressed, partly by 35 μg cm-2 fluoranthene and totally by 20 μᴍ cadmium. The decrease in DDMsl transcription was highly affected by the cadmium concentration with an EC50 of 5.9 μᴍ . Compared to nodulation, almost identical EC10, EC50. and EC90 values were found for DDMsl expression. Sequence analysis of DDMsl revealed a significant overall homology (50% identity) to a hypothetical protein from Arabidopsis thaliana with high similarity to a copper transporting ATPase. High levels of transcript DDMs2 were observed in control plants with a 50% decrease in the xenobiotic-treated plants. DDM s2 gave a strong homology (82% identity) to the cytoplasmatic 60S ribosomal protein L18 from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Kakutani, Tetsuji, Kyoko Munakata, Eric J. Richards, and Hirohiko Hirochika. "Meiotically and Mitotically Stable Inheritance of DNA Hypomethylation Induced by ddm1 Mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana." Genetics 151, no. 2 (1999): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.2.831.

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Abstract In contrast to mammalian epigenetic phenomena, where resetting of gene expression generally occurs in each generation, epigenetic states of plant genes are often stably transmitted through generations. The Arabidopsis mutation ddm1 causes a 70% reduction in genomic 5-methylcytosine level. We have previously shown that the ddm1 mutation results in an accumulation of a variety of developmental abnormalities by slowly inducing heritable changes in other loci. Each of the examined ddm1-induced developmental abnormalities is stably transmitted even when segregated from the potentiating ddm1 mutation. Here, the inheritance of DNA hypomethylation induced by ddm1 was examined in outcross progeny by HPLC and Southern analyses. The results indicate that (i) DDM1 gene function is not necessary during the gametophyte stage, (ii) ddm1 mutation is completely recessive, and (iii) remethylation of sequences hypomethylated by the ddm1 mutation is extremely slow or nonexistent even in wild-type DDM1 backgrounds. The stable transmission of DNA methylation status may be related to the meiotic heritability of the ddm1-induced developmental abnormalities.

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Stanfield, Melissa K., Filip Stojcevski, Andreas Hendlmeier та ін. "Phosphorus-Based α-Amino Acid Mimetic for Enhanced Flame-Retardant Properties in an Epoxy Resin". Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, № 3 (2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch18527.

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This work demonstrates the introduction of a phosphonate moiety into a commonly used curing agent, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), via an α-aminophosphonate. This compound (DDMP) can be prepared and isolated in analytical purity in under 1h and in good yield (71%). Thermoset polymer (epoxy-derived) samples were prepared using a room-temperature standard cure (SC) and a post-cured (PC) protocol to encourage incorporation of the α-aminophosphonate into the polymer network, with improved flammability properties observed for the latter. Thermogravimetric analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere showed increased char yield at 600°C, and similar observations were made when analysis was conducted in air. Significant reductions in flammability are observed at very low phosphorus content (P%=0.16–0.49%), demonstrated by higher char yields (25.5 from 14.0% in air), decreased burn time from ignition (60 to 24s), and decreased mass loss after ignition (87.6 to 58.5%). Limiting Oxygen Index for the neat polymer (P%=0%, 20.3±0.8%) increased with increasing α-aminophosphonate additive (P%=0.16%, 20.8±0.6%; P%=0.32%, 21.4±0.4%; P%=0.49%, 22.6±0.8%).

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Qin, Shengwu, Xu Guo, Jingbo Sun, et al. "Landslide Detection from Open Satellite Imagery Using Distant Domain Transfer Learning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (2021): 3383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173383.

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Using convolutional neural network (CNN) methods and satellite images for landslide identification and classification is a very efficient and popular task in geological hazard investigations. However, traditional CNNs have two disadvantages: (1) insufficient training images from the study area and (2) uneven distribution of the training set and validation set. In this paper, we introduced distant domain transfer learning (DDTL) methods for landslide detection and classification. We first introduce scene classification satellite imagery into the landslide detection task. In addition, in order to more effectively extract information from satellite images, we innovatively add an attention mechanism to DDTL (AM-DDTL). In this paper, the Longgang study area, a district in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, has only 177 samples as the landslide target domain. We examine the effect of DDTL by comparing three methods: the convolutional CNN, pretrained model and DDTL. We compare different attention mechanisms based on the DDTL. The experimental results show that the DDTL method has better detection performance than the normal CNN, and the AM-DDTL models achieve 94% classification accuracy, which is 7% higher than the conventional DDTL method. The requirements for the detection and classification of potential landslides at different disaster zones can be met by applying the AM-DDTL algorithm, which outperforms traditional CNN methods.

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Ogrocká, Anna, Pavla Polanská, Eva Majerová, Zlatko Janeba, Jiří Fajkus, and Miloslava Fojtová. "Compromised telomere maintenance in hypomethylated Arabidopsis thaliana plants." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 5 (2013): 2919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1285.

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Abstract Telomeres, nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, are important for the maintenance of genomic stability. Telomeres were considered as typical heterochromatic regions, but in light of recent results, this view should be reconsidered. Asymmetrically located cytosines in plant telomeric DNA repeats may be substrates for a DNA methyltransferase enzyme and indeed, it was shown that these repeats are methylated. Here, we analyse the methylation of telomeric cytosines and the length of telomeres in Arabidopsis thaliana methylation mutants (met 1-3 and ddm 1-8), and in their wild-type siblings that were germinated in the presence of hypomethylation drugs. Our results show that cytosine methylation in telomeric repeats depends on the activity of MET1 and DDM1 enzymes. Significantly shortened telomeres occur in later generations of methylation mutants as well as in plants germinated in the presence of hypomethylation drugs, and this phenotype is stably transmitted to the next plant generation. A possible role of compromised in vivo telomerase action in the observed telomere shortening is hypothesized based on telomere analysis of hypomethylated telomerase knockout plants. Results are discussed in connection with previous data in this field obtained using different model systems.

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Cho, Jeong-Hun, Yun-Heung Paek, and Soo-Hyun Kwon. "Run-time Memory Optimization Algorithm for the DDMB Architecture." KIPS Transactions:PartA 13A, no. 5 (2006): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipsta.2006.13a.5.413.

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Woo, Kyungho, Dong Ho Kim, Man Hwan Oh, Ho Sung Park, and Chul Hee Choi. "N-3-Hydroxy Dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine Lactone (OH-dDHL) Triggers Apoptosis of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages through the ER- and Mitochondria-Mediated Pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147565.

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Quorum sensing of Acinetobacter nosocomialis for cell-to-cell communication produces N-3-hydroxy dodecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone (OH-dDHL) by an AnoR/I two-component system. However, OH-dDHL-driven apoptotic mechanisms in hosts have not been clearly defined. Here, we investigated the induction of apoptosis signaling pathways in bone marrow-derived macrophages treated with synthetic OH-dDHL. Moreover, the quorum-sensing system for virulence regulation was evaluated in vivo using wild-type and anoI-deletion mutant strains. OH-dDHL decreased the viability of macrophage and epithelial cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. OH-dDHL induced Ca2+ efflux and caspase-12 activation by ER stress transmembrane protein (IRE1 and ATF6a p50) aggregation and induced mitochondrial dysfunction through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which caused cytochrome c to leak. Pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor reduced caspase-3, -8, and -9, which were activated by OH-dDHL. Pro-inflammatory cytokine and paraoxonase-2 (PON2) gene expression were increased by OH-dDHL. We showed that the anoI-deletion mutant strains have less intracellular invasion compared to the wild-type strain, and their virulence, such as colonization and dissemination, was decreased in vivo. Consequently, these findings revealed that OH-dDHL, as a virulence factor, contributes to bacterial infection and survival as well as the modification of host responses in the early stages of infection.

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Fogler, H. Russell. "Security Analysis, DDMs, and Probability." ICFA Continuing Education Series 1988, no. 2 (1988): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cp.v1988.n2.9.

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Pendse, Narayan A., Piyush Bapna, Vikas Menghani, and Amit Diwan. "Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS)." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 71, no. 10 (2004): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02830843.

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Onishi, Yasuhiko, Yuki Eshita, Rui-Cheng Ji, et al. "Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (December 1, 2014): 2293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.238.

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The anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex that was used as an artificial enzyme against multi-drug-resistant cancer cells was confirmed. A complex of diethylaminoethyl–dextran–methacrylic acid methylester copolymer (DDMC)/paclitaxel (PTX), obtained with PTX as the guest and DDMC as the host, formed a nanoparticle 50–300 nm in size. This complex is considered to be useful as a drug delivery system (DDS) for anticancer compounds since it formed a stable polymeric micelle in water. The resistance of B16F10 melanoma cells to PTX was shown clearly through a maximum survival curve. Conversely, the DDMC/PTX complex showed a superior anticancer efficacy and cell killing rate, as determined through a Michaelis–Menten-type equation, which may promote an allosteric supramolecular reaction to tubulin, in the same manner as an enzymatic reaction. The DDMC/PTX complex showed significantly higher anticancer activity compared to PTX alone in mouse skin in vivo. The median survival times of the saline, PTX, DDMC/PTX4 (particle size 50 nm), and DDMC/PTX5 (particle size 290 nm) groups were 120 h (treatment (T)/control (C), 1.0), 176 h (T/C, 1.46), 328 h (T/C, 2.73), and 280 h (T/C, 2.33), respectively. The supramolecular DDMC/PTX complex showed twice the effectiveness of PTX alone (p < 0.036). Above all, the DDMC/PTX complex is not degraded in cells and acts as an intact supramolecular assembly, which adds a new species to the range of DDS.

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Xu, Chunshan, Junying Liang, and Haitao Liu. "DDM at Work." Physics of Life Reviews 21 (July 2017): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2017.07.001.

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Crosthwaite, Peter. "Taking DDL online." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 43, no. 2 (2020): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.00031.cro.

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Abstract This paper describes the rationale, design and implementation of a short private online course (SPOC) on data-driven learning (DDL) (Johns, 1991), focusing on L2 error correction in postgraduate academic writing and involving over 300 registered users. I discuss the affordances of using a SPOC platform (namely EdX) for online DDL training, describing activities that cover a range of useful strategies for DDL-led error detection and correction. Learners’ usage of the SPOC platform and their quantitative and qualitative perceptions of the course are described for the reader. The paper also outlines certain conceptual and methodological challenges involved in taking DDL instruction online.

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Vigne, R., E. Schikuta, V. Garonne, et al. "DDM Workload Emulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 513, no. 4 (2014): 042048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/513/4/042048.

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Kautz, Gerd. "Mitteilungen der DDL." Der Hautarzt 65, no. 7 (2014): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00105-014-2849-5.

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Onishi, Y., Y. Eshita, R. C. Ji, et al. "A robust control system for targeting melanoma by a supermolecular DDMC/paclitaxel complex." Integrative Biology 10, no. 9 (2018): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ib00071a.

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Kumar, Rohit, Deepak Kumar, Himanshu Mishra, Sanjay Kumar Suman, and Umakant Prasad. "Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome with crossed cerebellar atrophy." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (2021): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v18i3.37163.

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Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neurological condition characterised clinically by recurrent seizures, facial asymmetry, hemiplegia and mental retardation likely due to foetal or early childhood cerebral insult. We describe the MRI findings of DDMS in a 10-year-old male child. MRI brain revealed right cerebral atrophy, ipsilateral thickening of calvarium, right lateral ventricular dilatation, hyper-pneumatisation of frontal sinus, and contralateral cerebellar atrophy which are consistent with DDMS.

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Rougée, Martin, Leandro Quadrana, Jérôme Zervudacki, et al. "Polycomb mutant partially suppresses DNA hypomethylation–associated phenotypes in Arabidopsis." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 2 (2020): e202000848. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000848.

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In plants and mammals, DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is deposited by the polycomb repressive complex 2, are considered as two specialized systems for the epigenetic silencing of transposable element (TE) and genes, respectively. Nevertheless, many TE sequences acquire H3K27me3 when DNA methylation is lost. Here, we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that the gain of H3K27me3 observed at hundreds of TEs in the ddm1 mutant defective in the maintenance of DNA methylation, essentially depends on CURLY LEAF (CLF), one of two partially redundant H3K27 methyltransferases active in vegetative tissues. Surprisingly, the complete loss of H3K27me3 in ddm1 clf double mutant plants was not associated with further reactivation of TE expression nor with a burst of transposition. Instead, ddm1 clf plants exhibited less activated TEs, and a chromatin recompaction as well as hypermethylation of linker DNA compared with ddm1. Thus, a mutation in polycomb repressive complex 2 does not aggravate the molecular phenotypes linked to ddm1 but instead partially suppresses them, challenging our assumptions of the relationship between two conserved epigenetic silencing pathways.

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Aneja, Jitender, Satyarth Jangli, Manpreet Singh, and Amit Mittal. "Acquired Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS)." International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research 2, no. 1 (2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2349-4220.159155.

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Spadaccini, Nick, and Sydney R. Hall. "DDLm: A New Dictionary Definition Language." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 52, no. 8 (2012): 1907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci300075z.

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Doolin, D. M., and N. Sitar. "DDAML—discontinuous deformation analysis markup language." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 38, no. 3 (2001): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(01)00006-5.

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Doria, A., L. Ji, J. H. Warram, and A. S. Krolewski. "Ddel polymorphism in the AGTR1 gene." Human Molecular Genetics 3, no. 8 (1994): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.8.1444.

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Holt, Jenny, Regina Martuscello, Loic Deleyrolle, and Ana Tari Ashizawa. "DDEL-03INTRAVENOUS NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY TO GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 17, suppl 5 (2015): v73.3—v73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nov212.03.

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Hester, J. R. "CIF software in a DDLm world." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (2008): C160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308094841.

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Hanif, Mohammad, Kazi Giasuddin Ahmed, Devendra Nath Sarkar, Md Ismail Hossain, and Robed Amin. "Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome: An Uncommon Cause of Refractory Epilepsy." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 25, no. 1 (2015): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v25i1.25077.

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A rare syndrome, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS), with a diagnostic conundrum, and the way it was solved is presented. DDMS is one among the syndromes associated with refractory epilepsy. We have come across a case of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome while investigating a case of refractory epilepsy. When cerebral hemi atrophy is associated with the radiological features of osseous hypertrophy of calvarium, hyper-pneumatisation of sinuses dilatation, DDMS is to be considered.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2014; 25 (1) : 31-34

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Palmer, S., and S. Cox. "Intracellular Metabolism of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine in Combination in the Absence and Presence of Ribavirin." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 5, no. 6 (1994): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029400500608.

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We examined the intracellular phosphorylation of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddl) and the effects on rNTP and dNTP pools when AZT and ddl were incubated separately and in combination in lymphocytes. We also compared the effect of adding ribavirin (RBV) to the two-drug combination of AZT + ddl. AZT and ddl, used singly or in combination, had no effect on the dNTP pools of CEM lymphoblastoid cells. Neither did the combination of AZT + ddl have any effect on the rNTP pools. RBV, a known inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase, caused a decrease in GTP and an increase in dTTP whether incubated alone or with the drug combination of AZT + ddl. The addition of AZT + ddl therefore did not alter the effects of RBV upon cellular nucleotide pools. AZT was phosphorylated to a much greater extent than ddl. The activation of ddl to ddA-TP was increased 2-fold in the presence of AZT, whereas AZT phosphorylation was unchanged when combined with ddl. This increase in ddl activation may explain in part the synergistic antiviral activity of the combination of AZT + ddl. The increased activation was not due to increased phosphorylation of ddl resulting from IMP dehydrogenase inhibition. The addition of 10 μm RBV to the two-drug combination of AZT + ddl did not change the intracellular phosphorylation of AZT or ddl. The activation of ddl to ddA-TP, when combined with AZT, appeared to be maximal and could not be further increased by addition of RBV to this combination.

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Nithipatikom, Kasem, Michael P. Endsley, Jeannine M. Moore та ін. "Effects of selective inhibition of cytochrome P-450 ω-hydroxylases and ischemic preconditioning in myocardial protection". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 290, № 2 (2006): H500—H505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00918.2005.

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Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylases and their arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), produce a detrimental effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury in canine hearts, and the inhibition of CYP ω-hydroxylases markedly reduces myocardial infarct size expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (IS/AAR, %). In this study, we demonstrated that a specific CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitor, N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS), markedly reduced 20-HETE production during ischemia-reperfusion and reduced myocardial infarct size compared with control [19.5 ± 1.0% (control), 9.6 ± 1.5% (0.40 mg/kg DDMS), 4.0 ± 2.0% (0.81 mg/kg DDMS), P < 0.01]. In addition, 20-hydroxyeicosa-6( Z),15( Z)-dienoic acid (20-HEDE, a putative 20-HETE antagonist) significantly reduced myocardial infarct size from control [10.3 ± 1.3% (0.032 mg/kg 20-HEDE) and 5.9 ± 1.9% (0.064 mg/kg 20-HEDE), P < 0.05]. We further demonstrated that one 5-min period of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) reduced infarct size to a similar extent as that observed with the high doses of DDMS and 20-HEDE, and the higher dose of DDMS given simultaneously with IPC augmented the infarct size reduction [9.9 ± 2.8% (IPC) to 2.5 ± 1.4% (0.81 mg/kg DDMS), P < 0.05] to a greater degree than that observed with either treatment alone. These results suggest an important negative role for endogenous CYP ω-hydroxylases and their product, 20-HETE, to exacerbate myocardial injury in canine myocardium. Furthermore, for the first time, this study demonstrates that the effect of IPC and the inhibition of CYP ω-hydroxylase synthesis (DDMS) or its actions (20-HEDE) may have additive effects in protecting the canine heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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Dai, Yu Li, Yi Qiang Pei, Jing Qin, Jian Ye Zhang, and Yun Long Li. "Experimental Study of Coal Liquefaction Diesel Combustion and Emissions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1914.

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An experimental study was conducted on the combustion processes and emissions of direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels in a single-cylinder research diesel engine. Under low load conditions (5 bar IMEP), the results show that the ignition delay is shorter for the FT fuel compared with the reference fuel (Euro IV diesel), while it is longer for the DDCL fuel compared with the reference fuel. However, under high load conditions (10-15 bar IMEP), the Cetane number (CN) shows insignificant effects on the combustion process. The premixed heat release peaks of the fuels are correlated with the ignition delays, i.e. shorter ignition delay led to lower premixed heat release peak. For the emissions, both the FT fuel and the DDCL fuel show similar NOx level to the reference fuel under the conditions tested. The two liquefaction fuels show significantly lower soot emissions than the reference fuel, specifically for the higher load conditions (>=10bar IMEP), and the FT fuel produced the lowest level of soot emissions among the three fuels. For the FT and DDCL fuels, the HC emissions are generally lower than those of the reference fuel, except for the lowest load condition, which DDCL produces slightly higher HC emission. However, the CO emission of FT is lower than the reference fuel while the CO emission of DDCL is higher. In terms of unregulated emissions, the two liquefaction fuels show insignificant difference compared with the reference fuel at very low levels.

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Um, In-Woong, Jeong-Kui Ku, Yu-Mi Kim, et al. "Allogeneic Demineralized Dentin Matrix Graft for Guided Bone Regeneration in Dental Implants." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (2020): 4661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134661.

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Autogenous and allogeneic demineralized dentin matrices (Auto-DDM and Allo-DDM, respectively) are currently used for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Buccal marginal bone (BMB) resorption is critical for successful implant integration. This study analyzed BMB resorption around dental implants for GBR between the control group (Auto-DDM graft) and experimental group (Allo-DDM graft). From 2014 to 2019, we enrolled 96 patients (59 males, 37 females, average 57.13 years) who received GBR (52 and 44 using Allo-DDM and Auto-DDM, respectively,) without a barrier membrane and a simultaneous single dental implantation (54 in the maxilla and 42 in the mandible). BMB height was measured immediately after GBR, at prosthetic loading, and 12 months after loading. BMB resorption was classified as initial resorption (between GBR and prosthetic loading) and functional resorption (during 12 months after prosthetic loading). The differences in the BMB levels of Auto-DDM and Allo-DDM were analyzed between the initial and functional resorption stages by independent sample t-test. Auto-DDM and Allo-DDM showed similar BMB changes in initial resorption (0.73 ± 0.97 and 0.72 ± 0.77 mm, respectively) and functional resorption (0.69 ± 0.81 and 0.48 ± 0.58 mm, respectively) without a significant difference between the maxilla and mandible. For GBR, Allo-DDM is comparable to Auto-DDM in terms of BMB resorption.

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Sasson, Amir, and John Chandler Johnson. "The 3D printing order: variability, supercenters and supply chain reconfigurations." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 46, no. 1 (2016): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-10-2015-0257.

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Purpose – Direct digital manufacturing (DDM) is conceived of as either disrupting the entire manufacturing economy or merely enabling novel production. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative where DDM coexists with and complements traditional mass production. When multiple parts run across one manufacturing line, DDM can isolate variability associated with low volume part production and may be preferred to mass production despite being expensive. If DDM complements rather than cannibalizes mass production, this alters the understanding of who adopts DDM, the products built with DDM, and DDM’s long-term supply chain implications. Design/methodology/approach – This invited paper explores a DDM rollout scenario and qualitatively assesses potential supply chain reconfigurations. Findings – The analysis recognizes that existing manufacturers with heterogeneous bills-of-material may develop DDM capabilities to isolate disruptive, low-volume production from scalable mass production. Developing DDM competence and raw material scale advantages, these manufacturers become the locus of change in a manufacturing landscape increasingly characterized by multi-product DDM supercenters. Originality/value – Extant research largely focusses on two potential reasons for DDM adoption: cost-per-unit and time-to-delivery comparisons. The authors explore a third driver: DDM’s capacity to isolate manufacturing variability attributable to low volume parts. Relative to the extant literature, this suggests a different DDM rollout, different adopters, and a different supply chain configuration. The authors identify mass manufacturing variability reduction as the mechanism through which DDM may be adopted. This adoption trajectory would eventually enable a supply chain transition in which spare parts inventory migrates from finished goods at proprietary facilities to raw materials at generalized DDM supercenters.

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Kang, Minkoo, Gyeongsik Yang, Yeonho Yoo, and Chuck Yoo. "Proactive Congestion Avoidance for Distributed Deep Learning." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010174.

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This paper presents “Proactive Congestion Notification” (PCN), a congestion-avoidance technique for distributed deep learning (DDL). DDL is widely used to scale out and accelerate deep neural network training. In DDL, each worker trains a copy of the deep learning model with different training inputs and synchronizes the model gradients at the end of each iteration. However, it is well known that the network communication for synchronizing model parameters is the main bottleneck in DDL. Our key observation is that the DDL architecture makes each worker generate burst traffic every iteration, which causes network congestion and in turn degrades the throughput of DDL traffic. Based on this observation, the key idea behind PCN is to prevent potential congestion by proactively regulating the switch queue length before DDL burst traffic arrives at the switch, which prepares the switches for handling incoming DDL bursts. In our evaluation, PCN improves the throughput of DDL traffic by 72% on average.

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McGourty, Christine. "'Parallel trick' for ddl." Nature 341, no. 6242 (1989): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/341474d0.

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Gershon, Diane. "Green light for ddl." Nature 353, no. 6345 (1991): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353589b0.

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Aktas, Aynur, Lenna Finch, Danielle Boselli, et al. "The effect of quality improvement interventions on inpatient cancer malnutrition documentation and coding in an academic medical center." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.38.

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38 Background: Malnutrition (MN) is common yet underdiagnosed in hospitalized cancer patients. Effective assessments can identify those who need nutritional care and help plan intervention. We examined the effect of quality improvement (QI) interventions on the dietitian documented MN (DDMN) and physician coded malnutrition (PCMN). We also determined if the registered dietitian (RD) and physician assessments of MN agreed. Methods: Electronic medical records (EMR) were reviewed for a consecutive cohort of inpatients with a solid tumor diagnosis staged I-IV and admitted to Atrium Health’s Carolinas Medical Center at least once between 1/1/2016 to 5/31/2019. Data were collected from the first admission EMR encounter closest to the cancer diagnosis date. RD assessments were reviewed for DDMN. PCMN diagnosis was based on MN ICD-10 codes in the discharge summary. MN was graded as mild, moderate, and severe. Two QI interventions were implemented during the study period: 1) 8/2016: RD message via EMR to query MD approval for MN diagnosis; 2) 4/2018: Clinical Documentation Integrity Team query MD by sending ASPEN criteria via an alert integrated into MD workflow. Agreement in MN identification was defined as the absence or presence of both DDMN and PCMN; agreement in severity was defined as the absence of DDMN and PCMN or the agreement in presence and severity of DDMN and PCMN. Cochran-Armitage tests for trend assessed prevalence and agreement across the three periods (N1=652; N2=2858; N3=1622) defined by the two sequential QI interventions. Results: N=5143; 52% males. Median age 63 (range 18-102) years. 70% White; 24% Black, 3% Latino. Commonest cancer diagnostic groups: Upper Gastrointestinal 22%, Thoracic (19%), Genitourinary 18%. 28% had stage IV disease. 11% (N=557) met criteria for DDMN and/or PCMN. Of the 557, 40% (N=223) met criteria for both DDMN and PCMN. DDMN (N=420) was mild 2%, moderate 19%, and severe 79%. On discharge, PCMN (N=360) was mild in 10%, moderate in 21%, and severe in 69%. The RD and MD agreed on the presence or absence (94%) and severity (93%) of MN. Significant trends were observed as DDMN prevalence increased from 3.1%, 8.1%, to 10.3% (p<.001), and PCMN prevalence from 0.5%, 7.8%, to 8.2% (p<.001). While rates of mild, moderate, and severe MN varied across the periods, statistically significant change in these distributions was not identified in DDMN (p=0.62) or PCMN (p=0.20) after the second QI intervention. Conclusions: MN was under-diagnosed compared to nutrition intervention studies. When MN was identified, it was moderate or severe in the majority. Evaluations by RD and MD were highly congruent for MN prevalence and severity. Implementation of nutrition-focused QI interventions improved documentation and coding of MN. Improved communication between the RD and the MD could improve the recognition and diagnosis of MN.

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Doshi, K. J., F. D. Boudinot, J. M. Gallo, R. F. Schinazi, and C. K. Chu. "Brain Targeting of anti-HIV Nucleosides: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of 6-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxypurine, a Lipophilic Prodrug of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 5, no. 5 (1994): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029400500504.

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Lipophilic 6-halo-2′,3′-dideoxypurine nucleosides may be useful prodrugs for the targeting of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddl) to the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of 6-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxypurine (6-CI-ddP) for the targeting of ddl to the brain. In vitro studies indicated that the adenosine deaminase-mediated biotransformation of 6-CI-ddP to ddl was more rapid in mouse brain homogenate than in mouse serum. The brain distribution of 6-CI-ddP and ddl was assessed in vivo in mice following intravenous and oral administration of the prodrug or parent drug. Brain concentrations of ddl were similar after intravenous administration of 6-CI-ddP or ddl. However, after oral administration of the 6-CI-ddP prodrug, significantly greater concentrations of ddl were seen in the brain compared to those found after oral administration of ddl. The brain:serum AUG ratio (expressed as a percentage) of ddl after intravenous administration of 50 mg kg−1 of the active nucleoside was 3%. Following oral administration of 250 mg kg−1 ddl, low concentrations of ddl were detected in the brain. Brain:serum AUC ratios following intravenous and oral administration of the prodrug 6-CI-ddP were 19–25%. Thus, brain:serum AUC ratios were 6- to 8-fold higher after prodrug administration than those obtained after administration of the parent nucleoside. Oral administration of 6-CI-ddP yielded concentrations of ddl in the brain similar to those obtained following intravenous administration. The results of this study provide further evidence that 6-CI-ddP may be a useful prodrug for delivering ddl to the central nervous system, particularly after oral administration.

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Aktas, Aynur, Lenna Finch, Danielle Boselli, et al. "Cancer inpatient malnutrition risk, documentation, and ICD-10 coding in an academic medical center." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): 12107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.12107.

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12107 Background: Malnutrition (MN) is common in hospitalized cancer patients but often underdiagnosed. We evaluated the prevalence of MN risk, dietitian documented MN (DDMN), and physician coded malnutrition (PCMN) in a consecutive cohort of cancer inpatients in an academic, community-based medical center. Methods: Electronic medical records (EMR) were reviewed for inpatients with a solid tumor diagnosis staged I-IV and admitted to Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center at least once between 1/1/2016 to 5/21/2019. All data were collected from the first admission EMR encounter closest to the cancer diagnosis date. High MN risk was a score ≥2 on the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) completed by an RN at admission. Registered Dietitian (RD) assessments were reviewed for DDMN and grade (mild, moderate, severe). PCMN diagnosis was based on MN ICD-10 codes extracted from the medical coder’s discharge summary. Multivariate logistic regression models identified associations between clinic-demographic factors and the prevalence of DDMN and PCMN with stepwise selection. Results: N=5,143; 48% females. Median age 63 (range 18-102) years. 70% White; 24% Black, 3% Latino. Most common cancers: thoracic 19% and digestive system (14% other, 11% colorectal). 28% had known stage IV disease. The MST was completed in 79%. Among those with MST ≥2 (N=1,005; 25%), DDMN and PCMN prevalence was 30% and 22%, respectively. In the entire cohort, 8% had DDMN; 7% PCMN; 4% both. Prevalence of MN risk, DDMN, and PCMN by cancer site are in the Table. DDMN (N=420) was mild 2%, moderate 16%; severe 66%; unspecified 16%. On discharge, PCMN (N=360) was mild 10%; moderate 0%; severe 69%; unspecified 21%. Male gender (OR 1.27 [1.01, 1.59]), Black race (OR 1.57 [1.25, 1.98]), stage IV disease (v. I-III) (OR 3.08 [2.49, 3.82]), and primary site were all independent predictors of DDMN (all p<0.05); Black race (OR 1.46 [1.14, 1.87]), stage IV disease (OR 2.70 [2.15, 3.39]), and primary site were independent predictors of PCMN (all p<0.05). Conclusions: 25% of cancer inpatients were at high risk for MN. Primary site, disease stage, and race were independent predictors of a greater risk. MN appears to be under-diagnosed compared to population studies. This is the first study to report the prevalence of MN in a large cancer inpatient database with a representative population.[Table: see text]

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Gao, Xianling, Wei Qin, Ping Wang, et al. "Nano-Structured Demineralized Human Dentin Matrix to Enhance Bone and Dental Repair and Regeneration." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9051013.

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Abstract:

Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), derived from human teeth, is an excellent scaffold material with exciting bioactive properties to enhance bone and dental tissue engineering efficacy. In this article, first the nano-structure and bioactive components of the dentin matrix were reviewed. Then the preparation methods of DDM and the resulting properties were discussed. Next, the efficacy of DDM as a bone substitute with in vitro and in vivo properties were analyzed. In addition, the applications of DDM in tooth regeneration with promising results were described, and the drawbacks and future research needs were also discussed. With the extraction of growth factors from DDM and the nano-structural properties of DDM, previous studies also broadened the use of DDM as a bioactive carrier for growth factor delivery. In addition, due to its excellent physical and biological properties, DDM was also investigated for incorporation into other biomaterials design and fabrication, yielding great enhancements in hard tissue regeneration efficacy.

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