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Pegg, Scott McDonald. "On the margins : international society and the De facto state." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25136.pdf.
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Harvey, James C. "Over-stating the unrecognised state? : reconsidering de facto independent entities in the international system." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/116412.
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This thesis reconsiders the theoretical and conceptual parameters of unrecognised entities and de facto independent territories which endure non-recognition and lack formal sovereignty in international law. These entities are traditionally assumed to represent “unrecognised states” and “de facto states” which endure in the international and interstate systems despite lacking legal recognition of their sovereignty. The following study examines anomalous conceptual features emerging from definitions, theories, frameworks, and discourses which situate these territorial entities alongside sovereign states in the international system. It challenges the equivalence with statehood which currently dominates mainstream thinking and assesses whether the concept of secession is still the most appropriate explanatory and causal dynamic in the emergence of unrecognised entities. The study engages with problematic areas of theoretical and conceptual discourse applied to unrecognised state-like entities. It examines how the case of Iraqi Kurdistan (as a de facto independent entity in the international system) deviates from long-standing assumptions on “unrecognised statehood” and existing conceptual frameworks designed for entities in different regional contexts. The discussion questions the appropriateness of using the unitary state as a theoretical reference point through which to understand ambiguous political systems of this type. The political and theoretical spaces occupied by these entities are examined not only in terms of international relations theory but also critical thinking on the production of power, ideology, and sovereignty. The discussion induces tensions into debates surrounding unrecognised states by arguing that it is inherently difficult to advance inquiry into unrecognised entities from a point of departure on sovereignty which is already embedded in state-centrism. The discussion examines how existing frameworks and approaches are open to critical revision and how the generalised assumptions of a small body of literature continue to circumscribe debates over unrecognised entities in academic analysis. The study frames the issue of de facto independent territories against a critical examination of approaches to sovereignty, secession, and the state. It also proposes an examination of these anomalous entities as Paretian systems – a theoretical perspective as yet unexplored within the field of study.
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Fridén, Dennis. "Från de facto till de jure : En komparativ studie mellan tre post-sovjetiska territoriers väg mot diplomatiskt erkännande." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101028.
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Abstract – From de facto to de jure: A comparative study between three post-Soviet territories path towards diplomatic recognition The purpose of this essay has been to study how well three post-Soviet de facto states live up to the definition of the concepts of state and sovereignty. Basically, the focus has been to, with the help of an analysis scheme constructed specifically for this study, analyse the situation the three de facto states are currently in and then compare their situations to one another. With the study I want to show that the history of the de facto states, as well as their current legal status, carry with them differences and similarities that play a major role in their future. By analysing a number of scientific articles and other research material within the social science sphere, I have been able to compile a table that shows how well the case studies live up to the seven criteria of the state outlined by Martin Glassner in Political Geography (2004). The main result of the study has been that various historical and demographic circumstances in the three de facto states have distinguished them from one another during the more than three decades that have passed since the fall of the Soviet Union. However, this is in stark contrast to the strong ties they all have to a patron state, which in all cases is crucial to the legal state of limbo they are all currently residing in.
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Livingstone, Alma. "Unrecognized peace in unrecognized states : An analysis of the relation between post-war peaceand state processes in Nagorno Karabakh." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175205.
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After the fall of the Soviet Union a number of violent ethnic disputes were concluded through the establishment of ceasefires but have yet to be finalized through peace accords. This development resulted in the creation of de facto states in a setting known as ‘frozen conflicts’. These de facto states have managed to endure decades of unrecognition, stuck in a situation of “no war, no peace” and constitutes today “effective” political entities. The post-war development in these frozen conflicts has continuously surprised academia, defying pessimistic prediction of their sustainability. Following the positive, hybridized peace etymology laid out by Oliver Richmond, this thesis aims at exploring the peace- and state processes that has occurred during the Nagorno Karabakh peace process in order to explain the ambiguous developments that have been going on despite the limbo-like state of unrecognition. The relation between external and internal processes is interrogated through a periodization of key events, and thereafter a comprehensive analysis of how the processes relate to each other over time. The thesis concludes that the strong presence of identity politics regarding the historical Nagorno Karabakh favors the often violent and protective state formation process but is at least partially controlled by the international attempts at peace building. Local formations of peace do not allow for a reintegration of Nagorno Karabakh into Azerbaijan, at least not without explicit and extensive security and autonomy guarantees. Likewise, the external processes of peace and state building does not allow for local agency from Nagorno Karabakh, as it is viewed through a negative ontology of peace. The processes does provide some rather successful developments, as the almost finalized Land swap deal and the Madrid principles, but lacks the momentum of conquering the dominance of perceived or actualized violent state formation processes.
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Sadoon, Hajar Bashir Kalari. "From foreign relation to foreign policy : transformation of the Kurdish de facto state into an independent foreign policy actor." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32229.
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In 1991, following its defeat in the Second Gulf War and as a response to the international humanitarian protectionist umbrella provided to the three Kurdish-population governorates in Northern Iraq, the Government of Iraq (GOI) under Saddam Hussein centrally seceded from the area. The vacuum that ensued was soon filled by the leadership of the Iraqi Kurdistan Front (KNA) and soon a de facto state resurrected from the ashes of destruction besieging Iraqi Kurdistan for many decades. Hence, the precarious existence of what came to be known as the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) in a highly challenging geopolitical environment and the strategic imperative of preserving the de facto independence of the entity forced the Kurdish leadership to give high priority to building foreign relations and pursuit of foreign policy. Foreign policy as a political activity is of paramount importance to all actors including sovereign states to preserve and promote their national interests. The practice of foreign policy, however, is particularly acute for de facto states. As internationally non-recognized entities, the international system of sovereign states is often skeptical if not hostile to engage in foreign relations with de facto states. Yet, projection of foreign policy and building foreign relations is extremely vital for the continued survival and consolidation of de facto states. By exploring the case of the KRI as a case of de facto statehood, this research argues that, mutatis mutandis, de facto states can pursue independent foreign policies. By identifying major transitions in the KRI, this thesis seeks to better explain foreign policy determinants, objectives and instruments of implementation of foreign policies of the KRI. In doing so, this thesis further seeks to contribute to the analysis of de facto statehood in general, and to contribute to the study of the KRI as the case of de facto statehood in the Middle East region.
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Aziz, Mahir Abdulwahid. "Ethno-nationalism in a de facto state : An investigation of national identity among university students in the Kurdistan region of Iraq." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532016.
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Jakubec, Aleš. "Diplomatické a konzulární styky území se spornou mezinárodněprávní subjektivitou." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193766.
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This thesis aims to analyze the issue of the creation of a state as the most important subject of the international relations, then the concept of international legal personality and especially the territories with controversial international legal personality. The thesis closely analyzes the emergence and recognition of the state and the right of peoples to self-determination in the contrast with the principle of territorial integrity. In the practical part, the case of Kosovo and Western Sahara is examined by a qualitative analysis. It describes the process of these entities becoming independent, the current situation and the diplomatic relations of both entities. It is outlined what Kosovo and Western Sahara are doing to improve their recognition as well as the reasons why some states recognize other entities and some other not. The thesis has a goal to unify the views on the issues of secession and recognition of newly created territories and to show a different approach to the process to independence of Kosovo and Western Sahara by the international community.
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Rustom, Khalid. "STEADY STATE AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE-STAGE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CONVERTERS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2216.
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With the increased interest in applying Power Factor Correction (PFC) to off-line AC-DC converters, the field of integrated, single-stage PFC converter development has attracted wide attention. Considering the tens of millions of low-to-medium power supplies manufactured each year for today's rechargeable equipment, the expected reduction in cost by utilizing advanced technologies is significant. To date, only a few single-stage topologies have made it to the market due to the inherit limitations in this structure. The high voltage and current stresses on the components led to reduced efficiency and an increased failure rate. In addition, the component prices tend to increase with increased electrical and thermal requirements, jeopardizing the overarching goal of price reduction. The absence of dedicated control circuitry for each stage complicates the power balance in these converters, often resulting in an oversized bus capacitance. These factors have impeded widespread acceptance of these new techniques by manufacturers, and as such single stage PFC has remained largely a drawing board concept. This dissertation will present an in-depth study of innovative solutions that address these problems directly, rather than proposing more topologies with the same type of issues. The direct energy transfer concept is analyzed and presented as a promising solution for the majority of the single-stage PFC converter limitations. Three topologies are presented and analyzed based on this innovative structure. To complete the picture, the dynamics of a variety of single-stage converters can be analyzed using a proposed switched transformer model.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
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Handschumacher, Konstantin. "In the light of the Crimean Crisis will International law have to accept that it is to the advantage of the citizens of Crimea that, in this case, the law of state succession applies De Facto in preference to that of occupied territory law?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20866.
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The Crimea Crisis didn't just influenced the political world, it also challenged the international law system. It is one of the major crisis after the Cold War where the relationship between western states and Russia were at a point of collapsing. After the fled of the former Russian president, the "Little Green Man" entered Crimea and took over the control over the territory. In the beginning Russia denied any connection to this rebel group, but according to the effecting control test, their action can be attributed to Russia. Therefore Russia used illegally force in Crimea. After holding a referendum, which didn't met the international standards, Crimea singed a treaty, which lead to the incorporation into the Russian Federation. Because of the link to the illegal use of force these actions violated international law. Crimea is therefore occupied territory and the law of occupation applies to the area. But because Russia considers the territory as part of the Russian Federation, it considers the law of state succession as the applicable law. When we compare the two legal systems in regards to the rights and citizenship, it can be concluded that none of the two legal systems are more beneficent for the inhabitants than the other. As a consequence one can hypothetical ask if there are legal arguments in international law, which can be put forward to underpin the assumption that for the benefit of the inhabitants the de jure legal system has to evade in favor for the de facto system. There are several possible legal arguments, but none of them is in the position to underpin the raised question. Even there are no legal arguments the current discussion in international has the possibility to strengthen the law of occupation.
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Liao, Dan. "Travel Motivations of Chinese Students in the United States: A Case Study of Chinese Students in Kent State University." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1351212333.
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Pirone, Jason R. "Stochastic modeling of transcription factor binding fluctuations." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05082004-200902/.
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Cell populations typically exhibit binary or graded transcriptional responses to external stimuli. Transcription factor interactions with DNA have been hypothesized to account for both of these scenarios. To address this hypothesis, two stochastic models were constructed to describe transcription in simple, engineered eukaryotic systems. In the first system, three transcription factors bind independently to enhancer sites directing production of protein. This system has no regulation in the form of feedback loops, but the system nonetheless exhibits a clear binary response when transcription factor binding fluctuations are slow. The graded response occurs when transcription factor binding fluctuations are rapid. Thus, transcription factor binding fluctuation is an important mechanism underlying and reconciling the graded and binary transcriptional responses. In the second model, the influence of autoregulatory feedback loops on transcription was assessed. Autoregulated systems are capable of exhibiting bistability, a mechanism cited to explain the binary transcriptional response. In this autoregulated system, a dimeric protein acts as a transcription factor to increase its own production. Using biologically realistic parameter values, the system was determined not to be bistable. However, binary transcriptional responses were still observed in stochastic models due to discrete fluctuations in transcription factor binding. The results of both models suggest that transcription factor binding fluctuations play an important, and often overlooked role, in observed patterns of transcriptional activation.
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Girardot, Charles. "Deciphering enhancer activity in Drosophila based on transcription factor occupancy and chromatin state chromatin state characterization." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829472.
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La caractérisation des modules cis-régulateurs (CRM) ainsi que de leur activité sont essentiels pour comprendre la régulation des gènes au cours du développement des métazoaires. La technique de l'immunoprécipitation de la chromatine suivie du séquenage à haut débit de l'ADN (ChIP-seq) constitue une approche puissante pour localiser les CRM. Afin de localiser des facteurs génériques au sein de tissus spécifiques, nous avons développé une approche ChIP-seq sur des noyaux triés par cytométrie de flux et localisons des modifications post-traductionelles de l'histone H3, ainsi que l'ARN polymérase II (PolII) dans le mésoderme de la Drosophile. Nous montrons que les CRM actifs sont caractérisés par la présence d'H3 modifiés (K27Ac et K79me3) et de PolII. De plus, la présence et la forme des signaux correspondants à ces marques corrèlent dynamiquement avec l'activité des CRM. Enfin, nous prédisons la présence de CRM actifs et confirmons leur activité in vivo à 89%. Paralllement, nous étudions comment cinq facteurs essentiels au développement cardiaque se coordonnent en cis au sein du mésoderme dorsal, précurseur des mésodermes cardiaque (MC) et viscéral (MV). Nous démontrons que ces facteurs sont recrutés en tant que collectif au niveau des CRM cardiaques via un nombre limité de sites de fixation et en l'absence de contraintes architecturales. En outre, nous découvrons que ces facteurs cardiaques sont recrutés au niveau de CRM actifs dans le MV voisin et activement réprimés dans le MC, reflétant ainsi l'origine tissulaire commune de ces deux populations cellulaires. Nous concluons que les CRM impliqués dans le développement peuvent présenter une empreinte développementale.
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Girardot, Charles Félix Béranger. "Deciphering enhancer activity in Drosophila based on transcription factor occupancy and chromatin state chromatin state characterization." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066198.
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La caractérisation des modules cis-régulateurs (CRM) ainsi que de leur activité sont essentiels pour comprendre la régulation des gènes au cours du développement des métazoaires. La technique de l'immunoprécipitation de la chromatine suivie du séquenage à haut débit de l'ADN (ChIP-seq) constitue une approche puissante pour localiser les CRM. Afin de localiser des facteurs génériques au sein de tissus spécifiques, nous avons développé une approche ChIP-seq sur des noyaux triés par cytométrie de flux et localisons des modifications post-traductionelles de l'histone H3, ainsi que l'ARN polymérase II (PolII) dans le mésoderme de la Drosophile. Nous montrons que les CRM actifs sont caractérisés par la présence d'H3 modifiés (K27Ac et K79me3) et de PolII. De plus, la présence et la forme des signaux correspondants à ces marques corrèlent dynamiquement avec l'activité des CRM. Enfin, nous prédisons la présence de CRM actifs et confirmons leur activité in vivo à 89%. Paralllement, nous étudions comment cinq facteurs essentiels au développement cardiaque se coordonnent en cis au sein du mésoderme dorsal, précurseur des mésodermes cardiaque (MC) et viscéral (MV). Nous démontrons que ces facteurs sont recrutés en tant que collectif au niveau des CRM cardiaques via un nombre limité de sites de fixation et en l'absence de contraintes architecturales. En outre, nous découvrons que ces facteurs cardiaques sont recrutés au niveau de CRM actifs dans le MV voisin et activement réprimés dans le MC, reflétant ainsi l'origine tissulaire commune de ces deux populations cellulaires. Nous concluons que les CRM impliqués dans le développement peuvent présenter une empreinte développementaleThe characterization of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) and of their activity is central to understanding gene regulation and metazoan development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by microarray or deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) against TFs are powerful approaches to map CRMs. To enable in vivo tissue-specific ChIP against ubiquitously expressed factors, we develop a ChIP protocol relying on the sorting of fluorescence activated cells, followed by deep sequencing. Using this protocol, we map histone modifications and RNA Polymerase II (PolII) occupancy in the Drosophila mesoderm, and subsequently study the chromatin state of active CRMs in vivo. We show that active CRMs are enriched for H3K27Ac, H3K79me3 and PolII, and that the presence and shape of these marks dynamically correlate with CRM activity timing and nucleosome positioning. Using Bayesian inference, we predict new CRMs to be active in the mesoderm and validate 89% of them in vivo. Next, we investigate how five TFs essential for cardiac specification operate in cis in the dorsal mesoderm, the developmental precursor of the visceral mesoderm (VM) and the cardiac mesoderm (CM). We demonstrate that they are recruited as a TF collective at cardiac CRMs without strong sequence requirements, thereby suggesting a novel mode for CRM activation. We further observe that cardiac TFs occupy CRMs that are active in the VM sibling lineage, echoing the fact that both cell populations derived from the dorsal mesoderm. We thus conclude that dormant TF binding signatures may reveal a developmental footprint of a cell lineage
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Qian, Jinrong. "Advanced Single-Stage Power Factor Correction Techniques." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30773.
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Five new single-stage power factor correction (PFC) techniques are developed for single-phase applications. These converters are: Integrated single-stage PFC converters, voltage source charge pump power factor correction (VS-CPPFC) converters, current source CPPFC converters, combined voltage source current source (VSCS) CPPFC converters, and continuous input current (CIC) CPPFC converters.
Integrated single-stage PFC converters are first developed, which combine the PFC converter with a DC/DC converter into a single-stage converter. DC bus voltage stress at light load for the single-stage PFC converters are analyzed. DC bus voltage feedback concept is proposed to reduce the DC bus voltage stress at light load. The principle of operations of proposed converters are presented, implemented and evaluated. The experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.
VS-CPPFC technique use a capacitor in series with a high frequency voltage source to achieve the PFC function. In this way, the input inductor is eliminated. VS-CPPFC AC/DC converters are developed, and their performance is evaluated. VS-CPPFC electronic ballasts with and without dimming function are also presented. The average lamp current control with duty ratio modulation is developed so that the lamp operates in constant power with a low crest factor over the line variation. The experimental results verify the CPPFC concept.
CS-CPPFC technique employs a capacitor in parallel with a high frequency current source to obtain the PFC function. The unity power factor condition and principle of operation are analyzed. By doing so, the switch has less switching current stress, and deals only with the resonant inductor current. Design considerations and experimental results of the CS-CPPFC electronic ballast are presented.
VSCS-CPPFC technique integrates the VS-CPPFC with the CS-CPPFC converters. The circuit derivation, unity power factor condition and design considerations are presented. The developed VSCS-CPPFC converters has constant lamp operation, low crest factor with a high power factor even without any feedback control.
CIC-CPPFC technique is developed by inserting a small inductor in series with the line rectifier for the conceptual VS-CPPFC, CS-CPPFC and VSCS-CPPFC circuits. The circuit derivation and its unity power factor condition are discussed. The input current can be designed to be continuous, and a small line input filter can be used. The circulating current in the resonant tank and the switching current stress are minimized. The average lamp current control with switching frequency modulation is developed, so the developed electronic ballast operates in constant power, low crest factor. The developed CIC-CPPFC electronic ballast has features of low line input current harmonics, constant lamp power, low crest factor, continuous input current, low DC bus voltage stress, small circulating current and switching current stress over a wide range of line input voltage.Ph. D.
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Lacerenza, Christina. "An exploratory factor analysis of self-reported state and trait guilt." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/577.
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The construct of guilt has been a subject of debate among philosophers, theologians, sociologists and psychologists for centuries. Disagreements concerning guilt have emerged on the definitional level, measurement level, and conceptual level due to the various ways guilt can be experienced and interpreted. Researchers continue to empirically investigate various aspects of guilt in an effort to advance and refine our understanding of the construct; however, differences among researchers in assessing the impact of guilt on psychological well-being still exist. The purpose of this study is to investigate the internal factor structure of three prominent measures of guilt. This will enable us to develop a more concise guilt measure en route to reconciling these differences and better conceptualizing the construct.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Lakkireddy, Jahnavi. "Steady State Voltage Stability Enhancement Using Shunt and Series FACTS Devices." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1881.
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It is specifically important to focus on voltage stability analysis of the power system to avoid worst case scenarios such as voltage collapse. The purpose of this thesis is to identify methods for enhancing the steady-state voltage stability using FACTS devices and determining their impact on real and reactive power losses, improvement of bus voltage magnitude, and transmission line loadability. To achieve this, FACTS devices such as Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) are used in the test system as three separate test cases. The results obtained assist in drawing conclusions on the effectiveness of each FACTS devices at generator, load and swing buses, on lines between two load buses, and between a load bus and a generator bus, in terms of metrics such as voltage magnitude profile, PV curves, and active and reactive power losses.
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Noakes, Michael A. "Factor-based replication of hedge funds using a state space model." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21753.
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It has been suggested that the Kalman filter technique may be used to improve the quality of hedge fund replication, compared to existing replication techniques. This study uses the Kalman filter technique, along with three variations of the rolling-window regression technique, to create clones which attempt to replicate the returns of various categories of hedge fund indices. These clones are created over several scenarios and are used to compare the ability of the Kalman filter and rolling-window regression techniques. The clones are constructed using South African specific asset class and investment style factors. This study finds that the Kalman filter does not provide the expected improvement in replication ability over the rolling-window regression, for the hedge fund indices analysed. The competing techniques appear to each be better suited to replicating different hedge fund index strategies and may, therefore, be used in combination. While some of the hedge fund clones offer desirable risk characteristics, they offer lower mean returns and underperform their indices in most periods. As such, the hedge fund clones constructed in this study require further refinement and are not yet equipped for use in practice.
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Zhang, Jindong. "Advanced Integrated Single-Stage Power Factor Correction Techniques." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26480.
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This dissertation presents the in-depth study and innovative solutions of the advanced integrated single-stage power-factor-correction (S2PFC) techniques, which target at the low- to medium-level power supplies, for wide range of applications, from power adapters and computers to various communication equipment.
To limit the undesirable power converter input-current-harmonicâ s impact on the power line and other electronics equipment, stringent current harmonic regulations such as IEC 61000-3-2 have already been enforced. The S2PFC techniques have been proposed and intensively studied, in order to comply these regulations with minimal additional component count and cost.
This dissertation provides a systematic study of the S2PFC input-current-shaping (ICS) mechanism, circuit topology generalization and variation, bulk capacitor voltage stress and switch current stress, converter design and optimization, and evaluation of the state-of-the-art S2PFC techniques with universal-line input.
Besides, this presentation also presents the development of novel S2PFC techniques with a voltage-doubler-rectifier front end to both improve the performance and reduce the cost of S2PFC converters for (international voltage range) universal-line applications. The calculation and experimental results show that the proposed techniques offer a more cost-effective and efficient solution than industriesâ current practice, with universal-line input and converter power level up to 600 W. Finally, further improved technique is also presented with reduced filter inductor size and increased power density.Ph. D.
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Yeh, Jennifer E. "Molecular Modulators of the Oncogenic Transcription Factor STAT3." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17463967.
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Since the neoplastic phenotype of a cell is largely driven by aberrant gene expression patterns, increasing attention has been focused on transcription factors that regulate critical mediators of tumorigenesis such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).
Here we investigate how the inappropriate activation of STAT3 contributes to cancer pathogenesis and how it can be targeted therapeutically. As proteins that interact with STAT3 may be key in addressing these questions, we took three complementary approaches: a
proteomics approach to identify novel STAT3-interacting proteins, a chemical biology approach to identify STAT3-interacting proteins critical for oncogenesis, and molecular analysis of a STAT3 structural domain known to mediate protein-protein interactions.
First, we performed mass spectrometry on STAT3-containing complexes from breast cancer cells that have constitutively active STAT3 and are dependent on STAT3 function. We identified granulin as a novel STAT3-interacting protein that is critical to STAT3 transcriptional activity and STAT3-mediated tumorigenic phenotypes. Furthermore, granulin expression positively correlated with STAT3 gene expression signatures in breast cancer patients. We then applied this mass spectrometry approach to investigate the mechanism of two small molecules – ST3-01 and Pyrimethamine (Pyr) – identified by transcription-based reporter screens to inhibit STAT3 activity without altering its activation or nuclear localization. ST3-01 and Pyr reduced STAT3 interaction with the chromatin remodeler, BRG1, which we found to be necessary for STAT3 function. Next, we studied the role of the STAT3 N-terminal domain (NTD), which mediates interactions between two STAT3 dimers for cooperative DNA binding. We identified STAT3 target genes dependent on the NTD for transcriptional regulation. We then showed that NTD mutations which inhibit cooperative DNA binding reduced the induction of a subset of STAT3 target genes by decreasing STAT3 binding to their regulatory regions.
These studies demonstrate that a proteomics approach can reveal critical modulators of transcription factor function. Moreover, our characterization of the impact of the STAT3 NTD on STAT3-dependent activity provides a deeper mechanistic understanding of STAT3 signaling as well as a structural template for drug design. Collectively, these insights into how STAT3 protein-protein interactions modulate its transcriptional function may guide future therapies that target this oncogenic signaling pathway.Medical Sciences
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Chotalia, R. H. "Volume dependence of the Pauli spin splitting g-factor in potassium." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233197.
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Venkateswaran, Koduvayur Subramanian. "Formal and De Facto states of emergency : the Indian experience - 1947-1997." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263573.
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Artman, Vincent M. 1981. ""Passport Politics": Passportization and Territoriality in the De Facto States of Georgia." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11506.
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ix, 161 p. : mapsIn 2002, the Russian government began distributing tens of thousands of Russian passports in the de facto states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Some scholarly attention has been devoted to this process, known as passportization, but most of the literature treats passportization as a primarily political process, ignoring its geographic aspects. This thesis shows that passportization in Abkhazia and South Ossetia amounted to a process of "biocolonization," wherein the populations of the de facto states were discursively captured by Russia through individual naturalization. Consequently, passportization served to create "Russian spaces" within the internationally recognized borders of Georgia and, in the process challenged international legal norms rooted in the logic of the modern state system.
Committee in charge: Dr. Alexander Murphy, Chair; Dr. Shaul Cohen, Member; Dr. Julie Hessler, Member
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Lowry, Jason Allen. "Molecular and evolutionary analysis of the GATA transcription factor family." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11272002-123604/.
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The objective of this research has been to characterize the evolution of the GATA family of transcription factors through phylogenetic, molecular, and biochemical analyses. From a phylogenetic perspective, we address three major questions. First, does this protein family represent a monophyletic or polyphyletic group? Second, what methods of gene or modular duplication are utilized within different organisms to propagate and maintain this group of proteins? Third, what are the structural or functional constraints on evolution of the conserved DNA-binding domain? These questions are addressed through a combination of computational and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses provide evidence of monophyletic origin for the GATA family followed by gene duplication and modular evolution, accompanied by considerable divergence outside the conserved zinc finger DNA-binding domain. Genomic comparisons permit the tracing of GATA factor evolution and provide insight into mechanisms utilized by respective organisms. Finally, mutational and biochemical analyses enable the separation of phylogenetic and structural/functional constraints on the conserved zinc finger DNA-binding domain. The result of this research is a predictive motif for classifying potentially homologous proteins to be discovered in future studies.
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Laver, Travis. "Mechanism of inteferon-beta-mediated inhibition of IL-8 gene expression." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008d/laver.pdf.
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Tyler, Sarah B. "The Modification State of Elongation Factor-P in Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430732322.
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Volkova, Victoriya. "Risk factor analysis of pre-harvest Salmonella status of broiler flocks." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Daniele, Matteo. "A single-stage power factor corrected AC/DC converter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0018/MQ39474.pdf.
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Saasaa, Raed. "A single-stage interleaved resonant power factor correction converter." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59199.
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Applications requiring DC voltages vary widely, from low power, such as LED lighting, to high power, as in industrial motor drives and battery chargers. Accordingly, a unified power architecture for all applications is not practical for efficiency, size and cost optimization. The use of LED lighting system became popular due to its many advantages. The new outdoor applications such as street and flood lighting require high power (i.e. >200 W) in contrast to the low power existing LED drivers. Generally, the conventional architecture of AC/DC converters consists of two main stages; The first is current-shaping stage to improve PF and the second is to provide isolation and tight regulation over the output voltage. Recently, the research on AC/DC converters has focused on optimizing the converter design to be more reliable and efficient for low and medium power applications. Specifically, techniques have been proposed to eliminate the DC output bus electrolytic capacitor by introducing auxiliary DC/DC converter. On the other hand, the integrated converters were deployed by many researchers to decrease the number of switches, facilitate the controller design, and improve the efficiency. This thesis presents a novel single-stage AC/DC converter that can achieve high power factor with reduced switching losses for semiconductor devices. The topology is derived by integrating the interleaved boost-type PFC and full bridge LLC resonant converters. Due to interleaving at the input, the converter exhibits less input current ripple compared to the existing topologies. Therefore, it is suitable for applications up to approximately 500 W. A detailed analysis of the operation modes is presented. Also, a 350–W prototype is designed to verify the effectiveness of the topology.Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Roberts, Lance Alan Misra Anil. "Reliability-based design and analysis of deep foundations at the service limit state." Diss., UMK access, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Computing and Engineering and Dept. of Geosciences. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in engineering and geosciences." Advisor: Anil Misra. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Jan. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-206). Online version of the print edition.
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Johnson, Kevin. "PTP1B regulation of the transcription factor Stat5 in breast cancer." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/454241197/viewonline.
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Zhang, Jindong. "Study and Improvement of Single-Stage Power Factor Correction Techniques." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36938.
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This thesis work focuses on the study and improvement of single-stage power factor correction techniques.
The generalized structures of the present pulse-width-modulation (PWM) integrated single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converters are presented. The typical PFC cells in the single-stage PFC converter are identified. After that, the necessary PFC condition is derived and verified to understand the principle of the single-stage PFC converters.
As an example, the continuous current mode (CCM) current source single-stage PFC converter is studied. The circuit intuitions and design consideration of this converter are presented. Also, an improved current source single-stage PFC converter with a low-frequency auxiliary switch is proposed to overcome the problem of the previous converter. Experimental verification shows the improvement is effective.
To evaluate single-stage PFC technique, a comparison study between the current source single-stage and the boost two-stage PFC converters is done in this thesis. It shows that for universal line application, due to the wide bus-capacitor voltage range, single-stage PFC converters have higher component ratings than two-stage PFC converters. This limits the application of single-stage PFC converter. Therefore, an interesting future work will be how to reduce the bus voltage range of single-stage PFC converters.Master of Science
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Peters-Van, Essen Karen. "Opacity in an era of transparency: The politics of de facto nuclear weapon states." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10560.
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xi, 578 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Rational deterrence theory posits that deterrence is more likely to be successful when a state credibly communicates to its adversary that it has both the capability and intent to retaliate against threats. Yet, second-generation nuclear states, which often exist in severe security environments, have largely adopted postures of nuclear ambiguity where they do not acknowledge their nuclear weapons capabilities or the circumstances under which they would use them. To date, research has been insufficiently comparative. While some existing research offers explanations for the ambiguous nuclear postures of individual countries, it does not permit us to draw inferences across cases and assess relative explanatory power. Through comparison, both within and across cases, this project develops a more general explanation of why nuclear states choose ambiguity over a visible deterrence posture. To this end, this project analyzes the nuclear postures of three countries: Israel, India, and Pakistan. Using process tracing and the congruence procedure methodology, I assess the relative validity of existing explanations for each case and then compare these findings across the three cases. This research suggests that regional security environments, characterized by disparities in power, create strong incentives for states to acquire nuclear weapons capabilities for deterrence as well as to retain an ambiguous posture. In particular, an ambiguous posture enables regional states to avoid the costs and dangers of competitive nuclear development vis-à-vis their adversaries. The three cases also suggest that patron state pressures for non-proliferation, which combine threats and incentives, are another important constraint on the nuclear posture of second-generation nuclear states. Other variables--such as the international non-proliferation regime, domestic political interests, and the personal moral reservations of some state leaders--play some role to varying degrees in individual cases. However, these effects are limited both within the broad history of individual cases as well as in cross-case comparison of the three states. Understanding these constraints is helpful for evaluating the efficacy of policy tools designed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons as well as how to manage crises and conflicts between regional nuclear-armed states.
Committee in charge: Lars Skalnes, Chairperson, Political Science; Jane Kellett Cramer, Member, Political Science; Ronald Mitchell, Member, Political Science; Shaul Cohen, Outside Member, Geography
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Glazyrina, Anna. "Contribution of Public Investments and Innovations to Total Factor Productivity." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29848.
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This study examines the importance of public research and development (R&D) expenditures and innovations (prices) to U S agricultural productivity employing panel vector error correction econometric technique Specifically, time-series and panel unit root tests, panel cointegration procedures, panel causality tests, and vector error correction model are used in the analysis. Empirical application to U S state-level data for 1960-2004 suggests positive and statistically significant influence of both supply-side
drivers, in the form of public R&D expenditures, and demand-side drivers, in the form of innovations (prices), on total factor productivity growth.
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Myoga, Maya. "Comparisons of Total Factor Productivity in the U.S. Electric Industry." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/344.
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Since the onset of the recession in the 1970's, consumers have frequently expressed frustration with what appear to be ever-increasing utility bills, blaming what they perceive as unnecessarily high rates on industry inefficiency. From the industry perspective, inefficiency is not only the problem which has developed since the recession. The more critical issue is the industry's transition from a noncompetitive environment to a competitive one. In the past, the electric utility industry did not have to compete because each utility operated in an exclusive service territory, and each was regulated by the government. However, currently the industry is experiencing increased competition, both indirect and direct. The indirect competition has taken the form of alternative energy sources such as natural gas and such new technology sources as solar, wind, co-generation power, etc. Electric utility companies have also experienced direct competition among themselves for industrial and commercial customers. The latter has resulted because the price of electricity significantly influences management decisions about where to locate their plants. Thus, efficient operation of electric generation is an extremely important task both for customers and industry. Productivity measures, then, are vital to the industry's economic well-being. This study used three different models to measure and compare the total factor productivity of 95 electric utility companies from 1974 to 1984: the translog econometric model, the superlative index model, and the Craig and Harris model. First, the translog econometric model was applied to Investigate characteristics of the production structure for the electric utility industry. Next, the total factor productivity was calculated using each of the three models. Finally, the superlative index model was applied for bilateral and multilateral comparisons to the following categories: industry as a whole, six regions, five types of generation, and four different output levels.
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Minoglou, Ioanna Pepelasis. "The Greek state and the international financial community, 1922-1932 : demystifying the 'foreign factor'." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2590/.
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In the decade between the Asia Minor debacle of 1922 and the foreign loan default of 1932, the Greek State formed tight links with the international capital market. This thesis examines the foreign loans raised. It investigates: the negotiations involved; the institutional framework through which these loans were provided; how they were used; and how they enhanced foreign tutelage over Greece. Book I explores the loans issued under the auspices of the Legue of Nations. It analyses how the League tackled the Refugee problem and uncovers how the stabilization plan was devised. It demonstrates the manner in which the League, the Bank of England and the British Treasury co-operated as regards Greece; and how these institutions withheld foreign finance (e.g. via embargoes) to force Greece to attain political stability and curb military expenditure. Book I also focuses on the divergent economic philosophy of the Greek authorities vis-a-vis the League and the Bank of England. Moreover, it brings to the surface the underlying antagonism between the International Financial Commission and the League of Nations. In addition, the parameters, other than the world economic crisis, that contributed to the demise of free convertibility in Greece are delineated. Finally, the stabilization experiment of the twenties is placed in a comparative perspective. Book II discusses foreign capital inflow outside 'formal' international control. This category of loans financed the development of infrastructure by foreign firms through 'agency' contracts. The terms and how the projects were carried out is investigated. The momentum attained in public works prior to stabilization and why it was not maintained during the gold exchange standard system is delineated. The growing dependence of the State on Hambros and the intimate relationship this merchant bank enjoyed with Greece's supervisors and the National Bank of Greece is brought into relief. Finally, an important issue analysed throughout the thesis is the internal weakness of the Greek state.
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Bruneau, Jonathan M. "Antitrust law enforcement within the U.S. airline industry : fact or fiction?" Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22505.
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The overriding theme of this thesis concerns the level of antitrust enforcement within the U.S. airline industry by the agencies entrusted with this task.After a brief Introduction, Chapter I will examine whether concentration within the U.S. airline industry is a natural phenomenon or an ordinary monopoly/oligopoly resulting from the behaviour of competitors. In concluding that a natural monopoly/oligopoly does not exist, Chapter II will analyse the policy being antitrust enforcement in the industry.
Chapter III will then use the implementation of S 408 of the Federal Aviation Act (FAA) by the Department of Transportation (DOT) as an example of such a policy. Finally, the remaining chapters are dedicated to an analysis of the CRS industry. By using this industry as an example, the writer will suggest that, by removing barriers to entry through aggressive use of S 411 of the FAA, the future may see new entrants enter the market. Emphasis will be placed on the attitude of the DOT in this regard.
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Smyth-Renshaw, J. "A 4-stage fact framework for solving product quality problems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3024974/.
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Ismail, Nasser. "A single stage full bridge power factor corrected AC/DC converter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq26004.pdf.
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Nguyen, Van Liem. "Modeling and control coordination of power systems with FACTS devices in steady-state operating mode." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0036.
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This thesis is devoted to the development of new models for a recently-implemented FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission system) device, the unified power flow controller (UPFC), and the control coordination of power systems with FACTS devices in steady-state operating mode. The key objectives of the research reported in the thesis are, through online control coordination based on the models of power systems having FACTS devices, those of maximising the network operational benefit and restoring system static security following a disturbance or contingency. Based on the novel concept of interpreting the updated voltage solutions at each iteration in the Newton-Raphson (NR) power-flow analysis as dynamic variables, the thesis first develops a procedure for representing the unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) in the steady-state evaluation. Both the shunt converter and series converter control systems of a UPFC are modeled in their dynamical form with the discrete time variable replaced by the NR iterative step in the power-flow analysis. The key advantage of the model developed is that of facilitating the process of UPFC constraint resolution during the NR solution sequence. Any relative priority in control functions pre-set in the UPFC controllers is automatically represented in the power-flow formulation. Although the developed UPFC model based on the dynamic simulation of series and shunt converter controllers is flexible and general, the number of NR iterations required for convergence can be large. Therefore, the model is suitable mainly for power system planning and design studies. For online control coordination, the thesis develops the second UPFC model based on nodal voltages. The model retains all of the flexibility and generality of the dynamic simulation-based approach while the number of iterations required for solution convergence is independent of the UPFC controller dynamic responses. Drawing on the constrained optimisation based on Newtons method together with the new UPFC model expressed in terms of nodal voltages, a systematic and general method for determining optimal reference inputs to UPFCs in steady-state operation is developed. The method is directly applicable to UPFCs operation with a high-level line optimisation control (LOC) for maximising the network operational benefit. By using a new continuation technique with adaptive parameter, the algorithm for solving the constrained optimisation problem extends substantially the region of convergence achieved with the conventional Newtons method. Having established the foundation provided by the comprehensive models developed for representing power systems with FACTS devices including the UPFC, the research, in the second part, focuses on real-time control coordination of power system controllers, with the main purpose of restoring power system static security following a disturbance or contingency. At present, as the cost of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and wide-area communication network is on the decrease, the research proposes and develops a new secondary voltage control where voltages at all of the load nodes are directly controlled, using measured voltages.
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Zhou, Hang. "Three essays of Empirical Asset Pricing in the UK." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31364.
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The first empirical chapter examines the existence of a 'net equity issuance' (NEI) effect in the UK stock market. Net Equity Issuance (NEI) refers to the change in a firm's shares outstanding due to events such as SEOs, acquisitions financed by share issues, issues to staff and share repurchases. The NEI effect is the ability of share issuance by firms to predict their subsequent stock returns. My results mainly suggest that there is an NEI effect in the UK. However, a discrepancy exists between the UK results and those found in the US. In the UK market, negative-NEI stocks tend to show negative subsequent returns while zero-NEI stocks have the highest subsequent returns. I also find that the abnormal returns from the NEI effect disappear when transaction costs are taken into account. Furthermore, the asset pricing test results suggest that the new factor models partially explain the NEI effect in the UK. The second empirical chapter evaluates the information content of new asset pricing factors in the UK. I find that two new risk factors, the investment factor and the profitability factor, improve the factor model's performance in the UK while both the size factor 'small minus big' (SMB) and the value factor 'high minus low' (HML) are redundant. There is also evidence that factor construction methods matter to the information content of the profitability factor. The most informative profitability factor in the UK among the possible candidates is constructed using income before extraordinary items scaled by book equity. The third empirical chapter explores the information content of the two new factors by linking them to the state variables which predict future investment opportunities. By doing this, I find confirmative evidence that the two new risk factors may proxy for state variables that capture time variations in the investment opportunity set. I find empirical evidence which confirms that the investment factor predicts future economic growth, proxied by GDP growth, investment growth and consumption growth. In addition, the investment factor is found to be related to dividend yield shocks, whereas the profitability factor is related to inflation shocks. In addition, the pricing significance of macroeconomic variable shocks disappears when loadings on the two new factors are presented in the model. The evidence therefore provides economic interpretation to the information content of the new asset pricing factors in the UK market.
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Gressard, Lindsay A. "Does the Gender Inequality Index Explain the Variation in State Prevalence Rates of Physical Teen Dating Violence Victimization?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/211.
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Purpose: When the prevalence of physical teen dating violence (TDV) victimization is examined at the state level, significant variation exists; the prevalence ranges from 7.4% in Oklahoma and Vermont to 17.8% in Louisiana. Using U.S. states as the unit of analysis, this study sought to determine whether gender inequality is a societal level risk factor for TDV victimization.
Method: Data measuring physical TDV victimization were obtained from the 2009 YRBS. To measure the level of gender inequality in each state, the Gender Inequality Index (GII) was calculated using the procedure described in the United Nations’ Human Development Report. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association between TDV victimization, the GII, and the indicators of the GII.
Results: Of the 40 states included in analyses, the GII was significantly associated with the state prevalence of both total TDV victimization (r=.323, p=.042) and female TDV victimization (r=.353, p=.026). Subsequent to removal of the outlying case of Oklahoma, the GII was also significantly associated with male TDV victimization (r=.366, p=.022). Several individual GII indicators were significantly associated with TDV victimization after removing the outlying case. Ordinary least squares regression was used to create a model for TDV victimization and gender inequality.
Conclusion: This is the first study to examine societal level gender inequality as a risk factor for state level TDV victimization using nationally representative data on school youth. As policy-makers implement TDV prevention policy at the state level, further research understanding potential macro-level risk factors is particularly important.
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Cankaya, Mine. "The European Union Factor In The United States-turkey Rekations: 1995-1999." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1177005/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
THE EUROPEAN UNION FACTOR IN THE UNITED STATES-TURKEY
RELATIONS: 1995-1999
Çankaya, Mine M.Sc., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Dr. Fulya Kip Barnard September 2003, 188 pages This study seeks to analyze the imperatives underlying the United States policy of supporting Turkey&
#8217
s full membership to the European Union from 1995 to 1999. It is basically composed of four parts. The first part discusses the US security policy in the regions surrounding Turkey following the demise of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, the US security policies towards Russia, the Europe, the Balkans, the Middle East, the Central Asia and the Caucasus are examined. The second part is devoted to the examination of American-Turkish relations in the post-Cold War era. The third part deals with the role of the EU in Turkish domestic politics in the post- Cold War era. The last chapter serves as the essence of the study. It aims to focus on the implications of Turkey&
#8217
s relations with the EU for the US security policy. Within this framework thedomestic changes in Turkish politics especially the rise of Islam and nationalism in the mid 90s and their implications for the US security policy are explained. Second, Turkey&
#8217
s role in the emerging European security framework and its implications for the US security policy are scrutnized. Having elaborated these factors, this study concludes with a brief analysis of the basic points of the study. Keywords: The US security policy, American-Turkish relations, Turkey-EU relations.
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Yang, Jinzeng. "Regulation of transcription factor Stat5 in the rat and bovine mammary gland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0031/NQ60044.pdf.
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Johnston, Andrew Michael. "Powerplays in a de facto state : Russian hard and soft power in Abkhazia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4294.
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The conceptual divide between “hard power” and “soft power,” and the resources that constitute the basis of each, remain hotly debated topics among International Relations theorists as well as foreign policy advisors and analysts. Two developments in the last decade that have greatly influenced the study of the hard-power/soft-power dichotomy are: (1) the pursuit by many single-state actors of foreign policy strategies identifying and actively incorporating soft-power instruments, and (2) the realization by political theorists that individual policy instruments often exhibit unexpected hard and soft-power characteristics and effects, sometimes resulting in hard power acting soft and soft power acting hard. Exploring this dichotomy further, I examine the Russian Federation’s use of its hard and soft power with respect to the de facto independent Georgian separatist region of Abkhazia from 1999-2009 by identifying specific Russian foreign policy instruments employed in the bilateral relationship and analyzing how these instruments draw upon and project Russian hard and soft power. My findings support research addressing instances when traditionally defined hard-power instruments display soft-power effects, and vice versa, and highlight examples of individual policy instruments producing both hard and soft-power effects simultaneously; coercing a subject while they co-opt its interests. In addition, I find that the Russian Federation is actively employing soft-power methods of engagement in its contemporary foreign policy strategy, having substantially increased this employment between 1999-2009— particularly with respect to Abkhazia. Concerning the Russia-Abkhazia relationship specifically, I conclude that, based on Russia’s engagement of the region from 1999- 2009, ties between the country and the de facto state will continue to strengthen, however, with Abkhazia in an increasingly supplicant position.text
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Fabry, Mikulas. "International society and the establishment of new states : the practice of state recognition in the era of national self-determination." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16930.
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The dissertation examines recognition of new states, the practice historically employed to regulate
membership in international society. The last fifteen years have witnessed novel or reinvigorated
demands for statehood in many areas of the world. The claims of some, like those of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Eritrea, Croatia, Moldova, Georgia or East Timor, achieved recognition; those of
others, like Kosovo, Krajina, Bouganville, Abkhazia, Somaliland or Chechnya, did not. However,
even as most of these claims gave rise to serious conflicts, the practice has elicited little systematic
scholarly reflection. Drawing upon writings of international society theorists, the dissertation looks
at the criteria that have guided recognition of new states. It charts the practice from the late
eighteenth century until the present. Its central finding is that state recognition has always been tied
to the idea of self-determination of peoples and not, as is conventionally assumed, only since the end
of the First World War. State recognition can be said to have (1) emerged as a coherent practice in
response to this idea and (2) evolved chiefly as a result of the continuous necessity to come to terms
with the dilemmas presented by this idea. Two versions of the idea have guided the practice - selfdetermination
as a natural and as a positive right. The former, dominant from the 1820s to the 1950s,
took as the standard for acknowledgment the achievement of de facto statehood by a people desiring
independence. The latter, prevalent since the 1950s, took as the basis of recognition a positive right
to independence in international law. The development of self-determination as a positive right,
however, has not led to a disappearance of claims of statehood that stand outside of its confines.
Groups that feel unhappy within the states they belong to have continued to make demands for
independence irrespective of the fact that they may not have an international right to it. The study
concludes by expressing doubt that contemporary international society can find a sustainable basis
for recognition of new states other than de facto statehood.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Rochambeau, Mathieu. "Udržování zmrazených konfliktů de facto státy pro získání mezinárodního uznání: případové studie Podněstří a Somalilandu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396730.
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This thesis has for major aim to present the de facto state through another approach, by placing their intrinsic frozen conflict situation as a rational choice rather than a symptom of the lack of recognition. To do so, the case studies of Transnistria and Somaliland have been chosen since, the de facto state's academic field had, so far, focus more on the Caucasus' cases - therefore lack of similar comparisons. It appears indeed that, both these cases possess numerous similarities - such as not basing their identity on ethnicity or religion. Thus, through an empirical research, it has been possible to approach the establishment of these two de facto states and the reason behind the lack of international recognition; but also the role and influence of the frozen conflict within their internal evolution as well as their role in its perpetuation; and finally, the place of their parent state and the international community in the continuation of the status quo. It seems thus that, if it remains unlikely to find out if Somaliland and Transnistria do use the frozen conflict as a political tool to reach their political goals - namely international recognition but also identity building -, it appears that all actors involved in these conflicts do benefit from the perpetuation of such status quo.
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Grondin, Maxime. "La création d’un État de facto au Kurdistan irakien : un gain qui divise." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18397.
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En 1991, suite à la fin de la deuxième guerre du Golfe, un État de facto a été établi au Kurdistan irakien. Cette mutation d’un acteur contestataire kurde en un État de facto s’est avérée un gain sans précédent pour le « mouvement nationaliste kurde ». Néanmoins, malgré son importance historique, ce gain d’autonomie ne permit pas pour autant de dépasser les divisions présentes au sein du mouvement nationaliste kurde. Ce mémoire tente ainsi de comprendre les raisons du maintien de ces divisions. L’hypothèse proposée est que la raison pour laquelle la création d’un État de facto kurde en Irak n’a pas permis de dépasser les divisions du mouvement nationaliste est que ce dernier a poursuivi un projet de construction étatique similaire aux États de facto. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, la recherche fait le lien entre la littérature sur les États de facto, le comportement du Kurdistan irakien et les divisions du mouvement nationaliste kurde. La recherche démontre dans un premier temps que la poursuite d’un projet de construction étatique a amené le Kurdistan irakien à prioriser sa légitimation interne plutôt que l’unité du mouvement nationaliste kurde. Elle démontre dans un deuxième temps qu’afin de réaliser ce projet, le Kurdistan irakien a employé des stratégies externes qui ont nui au reste du mouvement nationaliste kurde.In 1991, following the end of the Second Gulf War, a de facto state has been established in Iraqi Kurdistan. This transformation of a protest actor into a de facto state has been an unprecedented gain for the « Kurdish nationalist movement ». However, despite his historic importance, this gain has failed to overtake divisions within the « Kurdish nationalist movement ». This thesis attempts to identity the reasons why the divisions have not faded away. The assumption is that the reason why these divisions have not been overtaken is because Iraqi Kurdistan has pursued a state-building project similar to those of de facto states. To test this hypothesis, this research links de facto state’s literature, Iraqi Kurdistan behaviour and the divisions of the « Kurdish nationalist movement ». This thesis first demonstrate that this project has led Iraqi Kurdistan to establish other priorities that the « Kurdish nationalist movement » unity. It then shows that to realize this state-building project, Iraqi Kurdistan has used external strategies that have affected the rest of the movement.
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Turmanidze, Sergo [Verfasser]. "Status of the "De Facto State" in public international law : a legal appraisal of the principle of effectiveness / by Sergo Turmanidze." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004783949/34.
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Gřešák, Martin. "Hlava státu v ústavním systému České republiky: de iure a de facto." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312741.
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Diploma thesis "The Head of State in the constitutional system of the Czech Republic: de iure and de facto" discourses both provisions, which integrate the institution of the president of the republic in constitution, and the virtual implementation of this uppermost authority in the state. At the beginning, the thesis deals with the historical dimension of the issue. It speaks of the general development and history of the office in Czech lands. Hereupon a depiction of the theoretical extent of this office follows. A large verge is devoted to the placement and the powers of the president in the constitution. The pragmatic part of the thesis consists of two case studies. The first one deals with the presidency of Václav Havel. The second one deals with the execution of the office by Václav Klaus. An extra attention is paid to the analysis of the accordance between the theoretical and pragmatic pursuance of the office of president of the Czech Republic.
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Baptista, Sara Margarida Pires. "A responsabilidade civil extracontratual da administração por facto ilícito: entre o direito português e a jurisprudência da União Europeia." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2550.
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Este trabalho pretende constituir um estudo comparativo entre o princípio da responsabilidade dos Estados-Membros por violação ou incumprimento do Direito da União Europeia, tal como estabelecido pelo Tribunal de Justiça, e o regime português de responsabilidade civil dos poderes públicos, no que respeita aos actos e omissões ilícitos imputáveis à Administração Pública nacional.
Quase 20 anos decorridos sobre o Acórdão do caso Francovich, Portugal aprovou legislação interna que evidentemente não é compatível com algumas das condições decorrentes da jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça e parece mesmo ter ignorado esta última.
De acordo com o princípio do primado, essas condições são aplicáveis.
É previsível, no entanto, que os lesados venham a confrontar-se com problemas na obtenção da reparação dos danos sofridos, decorrentes da necessária e pouco clara aplicação conjugada de ambos os regimes, comunitário e nacional, quanto às condições e procedimentos.This paper aims to provide a comparative study of the principle of Member State liability for breaches or infringements of European Union Law, as established by the European Court of Justice, and the Portuguese public tort law, concerning unlawful acts or omissions attributable to the national public administration. Almost twenty years after the Francovich judgment, the Portuguese Republic approved a public tort law, which evidently does not comply with some of the conditions of the European Court of Justice case-law and seems to have ignored its existence. Notwithstanding, under the principle of primacy, those conditions shall apply. It is foreseeable, although, that the injured parties might face difficulties obtaining reparation of damages, due to the necessary and unclear mixed application of both Community and national legal conditions and procedures.