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1
BOUFELFEL, ALI. "DE HAAS - VAN ALPHEN EFFECT IN QUENCHED PLATINUM CRYSTALS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184187.
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The oscillatory de Haas-van Alphen (DHVA) magnetization has been studied in Pt crystals containing more than 100 ppm vacancies. Magnetic fields as high as 75 kG were used. The oscillations were observed at temperatures as low as 0.45 k, and found to be strongly attenuated by the vacancies in this concentration range. The emphasis of this work is on the measurement of this attenuation for the purpose of studying conduction electron scattering due to single vacancies. Dingle (scattering) temperatures due to vacancies are reported for four cyclotron orbits with the field in a (110) plane, along with a new measurement of the cyclotron effective mass (m* = 2.31 ± 0.03) for the electron orbit 33° away from <100>. Vacancies were generated by quenching Pt single crystals from temperatures as high as 1730 °C in air, using a technique which minimizes the induced strain. The vacancy contribution to the electron scattering rate was separated by measuring the Dingle temperature in both quenched and annealed specimens which had been subjected to the same quenching process. The results suggest that there is only a moderate variation in this scattering rate over the s-p-like electron sheet of the Fermi surface. However, the scattering rate for the d-like open hole sheet, which contacts the Brillouin zone, is about 49% larger than that for the electron sheet. This anisotropy is attributed mainly to the lattice distortion around a vacancy and to the difference between the hole and electron wave-function symmetries.
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Goh, S. K. "Probing Mott delocalisation using the de Haas-van Alphen effect." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599463.
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The physics of Mott delocalisation is investigated from the perspective of Fermiology through a series of high resolution de Haas-van Alphen experiments. Two systems in which some or all electrons can be forced to Mott localise by an experimental tuning parameter were chosen. The first system is CeRh1-xCoxIn5 where the 4f electron of CeRhIn5 can be driven into a delocalised state by Co substitution. The Fermi surface of CeRh1-xCoxIn5 was studied for six different values of x. By measuring the angular dependence of de Haas-van Alphen frequencies, a Fermi surface sheet with f-electron character was observed to undergo an abrupt change in topology as x is varied. This reconstruction does not occur at the quantum critical concentration xc, where antiferromagnetism is suppressed to T = 0. Instead this sudden change occurs well below xc, deep inside the antiferromagnetic state. Across all concentrations, the quasiparticle effective mass of this sheet does not diverge, suggesting this critical behaviour is not exhibited equally on all parts of the Fermi surface. The second system of interest is the Mott insulator Ca2RuO4, which can be metallised at 0.6 GPa. A completely new setup, utilising a 10-turn signal pick-up coil in an anvil cell for field modulation measurements, was developed for performing de Haas-van Alphen experiments under pressure. This novel setup thus has the potential to reach much higher pressures than the existing piston-cylinder type setup, opening up a much bigger phase space for future exploration in materials physics. The newly developed method was tested using Sr2RuO4 and the results are in excellent agreement with a broad body of literature. Subsequently, the method was applied to study the metallic state of Ca2RuO4. De Haas-van Alphen signals were successfully recorded at high pressure using both the cryomagnetic system in Cambridge up to 18 T and a resistive magnet in National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee up to 31 T. Comparisons to band structure calculations were made.
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Bintley, D. "Unconventional superconductivity studied by the de Haas van Alphen effect." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399936.
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Haworth, Christopher. "The de Haas-van Alphen effect and the superconducting state." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294551.
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Corcoran, Robin. "The de Haas van Alphen effect in type II superconductors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294745.
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Bergk, Beate. "De-Haas-van-Alphen-Untersuchungen nichtmagnetischer Borkarbidsupraleiter." Doctoral thesis, Berlin Logos-Verl, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1002009383/04.
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Harrison, Neil. "The de Haas-van Alphen effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317152.
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Hill, Robert W. "Measurements of Landau quantum oscillations in heavy fermion systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319091.
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Schiller, Martin. "Quantenoszillationsexperimente an quasi-zweidimensionalen organischen Metallen : (BEDT-TTF) 4 (Ni(dto) 2 ) und Kappa-(BEDT-TTF) 2 I 3 /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10067912.
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Polyakov, Andrey. "Fermi-surface investigations of rare-earth transition-metal compounds." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113653.
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The interplay of partially filled d- or f-electron shells with conduction-band electrons is a key ingredient in new rare-earth transition-metal compounds for the emergence of unusual electronic and magnetic properties. Among which unconventional superconductivity is one of the most studied. Despite many years of intensive experimental investigations and plenty promising theoretical models, unconventional superconductivity still remains hotly debated a very rich topic. One of the fundamental unsolved problems for condensed-matter physicists is the mechanism that causes the electrons to form anisotropic superconductivity.
Since electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi level are primarily responsible for superconductivity, in order to better understand the mechanism giving rise to this phenomenon and the origin of complex forces between correlated electrons, knowledge of the Fermi surface and band selective effective mass is essential. Of the many techniques used to study electronic band-structure properties, measurements of quantum oscillations in the magnetization, so-called de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect, in combination with band-structure calculations is the traditional proven tool for studying Fermi-surface topology and quasiparticle effective mass.
In the present work, electronic structure and Fermi-surface properties of Ybsubstituted heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 and iron based ternary phosphides LaFe2P2 and CeFe2P2 have been investigated by means of dHvA measurements. For these measurements, capacitive cantilever-torque magnetometry was utilized.
In Ce1−xYbxCoIn5, the evolution of the Fermi surface and effective mass was studied as a function of Yb concentration. The observed topology change is consistent with what is expected from the band-structure calculations. For a small Yb concentration, x = 0.1, the band-structure topology and the effective masses remain nearly unchanged compared to CeCoIn5. This contrasts clearly modified Fermi surfaces and light, almost unrenormalized effective masses for x = 0.2 and above. For LaFe2P2 and CeFe2P2, the obtained effective masses are light. Good agreement between the calculated and measured dHvA frequencies was identified only for LaFe2P2. However, for CeFe2P2 strong disagreement was observed. Moreover, different CeFe2P2 single crystals reveal different experimental results. In order to reconcile the results of the dHvA measurements and density-functional-theory calculations more work is necessary.
11
Jaudet, Cyril. "Effet de Haas-van Alphen dans les supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/701/.
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Ce travail de thèse est basé sur des mesures d'oscillations quantiques de l'aimantation dans les supraconducteurs à haute température critique. Ces matériaux ont été découvert en 986 par Bednorz et Müller. Ils sont caractérisés par la présence de plans CuO2 dont on peut faire varier la concentration électronique. A faible dopage, ces systèmes se comportent comme un isolant, les électrons étant localisés par une forte répulsion coulombienne. A très fort dopage, ces systèmes retrouvent un comportement de type liquide de Fermi. Entre ces deux extrêmes, un dôme supraconducteur, dont la température critique maximum correspond au dopage dit optimum, apparaît. Différentes sondes expérimentales ont révélé, du côté sous-dopé, la présence d'une phase dite \emph{pseudogap}. La physique de ces systèmes soulève plusieurs questions fondamentales: quelle est la nature de cette phase \emph{pseudogap}, quel est le mécanisme d'appariement à l'origine de la supraconductivité. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé un système de mesure de l'aimantation par cantilever piezorésistif sous champ magnétique intense à très basse température. Nos mesures ont révélé la présence d'oscillations quantiques de l'aimantation des deux cotés du diagramme de phase et ce pour la première fois. Ces oscillations prouvent l'existence d'une surface de Fermi fermée et cohérente qui évolue d'une large orbite de trou du côté sur-dopé à une surface de Fermi contenant une ou plusieurs petites poches du côté sous-dopé. De plus, la présence d'un battement de ces oscillations suggère la restauration de la cohérence selon l'axe c à très basse température du côté sous-dopé du diagramme de phase. Ces différents faits expérimentaux vont dans le sens d'un état fondamental de type liquide de Fermi. Le \emph{pseudogap} marquerait alors l'apparition d'une phase ordonnée en compétition avec la supraconductivitéThis thesis work is based on quantum oscillation measurements of the magnetization in high temperature superconductors. These materials were discovered in 1986 by Bednorz and Müller. They are characterized by the presence of CuO2 planes of which the electronic concentration can be changed. At low doping, these systems have insulating behavior, the electron being localised by strong Coulomb repulsion. At very high doping, these systems recover Fermi liquid behavior. Between these two extremes there is a superconducting dome at which the maximum critical temperature corresponding to a doping, called optimum, arises. Various experimental probes reveal, on the underdoped side, the presence of the so-called \emph{pseudogap} phase. The physics of this system raise several fundamental questions: What is the nature of this \emph{pseudogap} phase and what is the pairing mechanism at the origin of this superconductivity. During this thesis, we have developed a measurent system of the magnetization with a piezoresistive cantilever under high magnetic field and at very low temperature. Our measurements have revealed the presence of quantum oscillations of the magnetization for the first time on each side of the phase diagram. These oscillations attest of the existence of a closed and coherent Fermi surface which evolves from a huge orbit of holes on the overdoped side to a Fermi surface containing one or several small pockets on the underdoped side. Moreover, the presence of a beating in these oscillations suggest the restoration of the coherence along the c-axis at very low temperature and at very high magnetic field on the underdoped side. These different experimental facts are consistent with a Fermi liquid fundamental state. The \emph{pseudogap} is a hallmark of the appearance of an ordered phase in competition with superconductivity
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Mercure, Jean-Francois. "The de Haas van Alphen effect near a quantum critical end point in Sr₃Ru₂O₇." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/683.
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Highly correlated electron materials are systems in which many new states of matter can emerge. A particular situation which favours the formation of exotic phases of the electron liquid in complex materials is that where a quantum critical point (QCP) is present in the phase diagram. Neighbouring regions in parameter space reveal unusual physical properties, described as non-Fermi liquid behaviour. One of the important problems in quantum criticality is to find out how the Fermi surface (FS) of a material evolves near a QCP. The traditional method for studying the FS of materials is the de Haas van Alphen effect (dHvA). A quantum critical end point (QCEP) has been reported in the highly correlated metal Sr₃Ru₂O₇, which is tuned using a magnetic field high enough to perform the dHvA experiment. It moreover features a new emergent phase in the vicinity of the QCEP, a nematic type of electron ordering. The subject of this thesis is the study of the FS of Sr₃Ru₂O₇ using the dHvA effect. Three aspects were explored. The first was the determination of the FS at fields both above and below that where the QCEP arises. The second was the search for quantum oscillations inside the nematic phase. The third was a reinvestigation of the behaviour of the quasiparticle effective masses near the FS. In collaboration with angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy experimentalists, a complete robust model for the FS of Sr₃Ru₂O₇ at zero fields was determined. Moreover, the new measurements of the quasiparticle masses revealed that no mass enhancements exist anywhere around the QCEP, in contradiction with previous specific heat data and measurements of the A coefficient of the power law of the resistivity. Finally, we report dHvA oscillations inside the nematic phase, and the temperature dependence of their amplitude suggests strongly that the carriers consist of Landau quasiparticles.
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Mercure, Jean-François. "The de Haas van Alphen effect near a quantum critical end point in Sr₃Ru₂O₇ /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/683.
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Weiß, Herbert Dieter. "Fermi surface studies on the organic superconductor Kappa-(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu[N[CN] 2 ]Br and on the alkanline earth subnitride NaBa 3 Nby means of magneto-quantum oscillations." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9218369.
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Balthes, Eduard. "Electron correlations in the 2D multilayer organic metal kappa-(BEDT-TTF) 2 I 3 in magnetic fields." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-29283.
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Clayton, N. J. "Quantum oscillations in organic metals and superconductors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326720.
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Bach, Alexandra P. R. "Instrumentation and thermometry for the study of heavy fermion compounds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340154.
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Westerkamp, Tanja. "Quantenphasenübergänge in den Schwere-Fermionen-Systemen Yb(Rh_{1-x}M_x)_2Si_2 und CePd_{1-x}Rh_x." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244202394324-81635.
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Die Betrachtung von Schwere-Fermionen-Systemen stellt ein wichtiges Themengebiet im Bereich der Festkörperphysik dar. Das Verhalten von Schwere-Fermionen-Systemen wird durch die starken Korrelationen der magnetischen Momente der ungepaarten Spins der f-Elektronen bestimmt. Experimentell zugängliche Messgrößen sind dadurch bei tiefen Temperaturen stark erhöht, so dass sich diese Systeme besonders gut zur Untersuchung von Grundzustandseigenschaften eignen. Zentrales Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung zweier intermetallischer Seltenerd-Verbindungen in Bezug auf Quantenphasenübergänge. Diese treten am absoluten Nullpunkt der Temperatur als Funktion eines anderen Parameters wie Magnetfeld, Druck oder chemischer Substitution auf und sind bei endlicher Temperatur durch Abweichungen physikalischer Messgrößen von der durch L. D. Landau aufgestellten Theorie der Fermi-Flüssigkeiten nachzuweisen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Tieftemperaturexperimente bis hinab zu 20mK und in Magnetfeldern bis zu 18T durchgeführt. Es wurden elektrischer Widerstand, magnetische Wechselfeldsuszeptibilität, Magnetostriktion und thermische Ausdehnung gemessenThe investigation of heavy-fermion systems marks an important subject in the research field of solid state physics. The behaviour of heavy-fermion systems is dominated by the strong correlations of the magnetic moments of the unpaired f-electron spins. At low temperatures, experimentally accessible variables are strongly enhanced so that these systems are especially suited to analyse ground state properties. The central topic of this thesis is the investigation of two intermetallic rare-earth compounds with regard to quantum phase transitions. The latter occur at zero temperature as a function of parameters such as magnetic field, pressure or chemical substitution. They are traceable at finite temperature due to deviations of physical variables from the theory of Fermi liquids established by L. D. Landau. For this purpose, low-temperature experiments were performed down to 20mK and in magnetic fields up to 18T. Electrical resistivity, magnetic ac susceptibility, magnetostriction and thermal expansion were measured
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Westerkamp, Tanja. "Quantenphasenübergänge in den Schwere-Fermionen-Systemen Yb(Rh_{1-x}M_x)_2Si_2 und CePd_{1-x}Rh_x." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23821.
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Die Betrachtung von Schwere-Fermionen-Systemen stellt ein wichtiges Themengebiet im Bereich der Festkörperphysik dar. Das Verhalten von Schwere-Fermionen-Systemen wird durch die starken Korrelationen der magnetischen Momente der ungepaarten Spins der f-Elektronen bestimmt. Experimentell zugängliche Messgrößen sind dadurch bei tiefen Temperaturen stark erhöht, so dass sich diese Systeme besonders gut zur Untersuchung von Grundzustandseigenschaften eignen. Zentrales Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung zweier intermetallischer Seltenerd-Verbindungen in Bezug auf Quantenphasenübergänge. Diese treten am absoluten Nullpunkt der Temperatur als Funktion eines anderen Parameters wie Magnetfeld, Druck oder chemischer Substitution auf und sind bei endlicher Temperatur durch Abweichungen physikalischer Messgrößen von der durch L. D. Landau aufgestellten Theorie der Fermi-Flüssigkeiten nachzuweisen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Tieftemperaturexperimente bis hinab zu 20mK und in Magnetfeldern bis zu 18T durchgeführt. Es wurden elektrischer Widerstand, magnetische Wechselfeldsuszeptibilität, Magnetostriktion und thermische Ausdehnung gemessen.The investigation of heavy-fermion systems marks an important subject in the research field of solid state physics. The behaviour of heavy-fermion systems is dominated by the strong correlations of the magnetic moments of the unpaired f-electron spins. At low temperatures, experimentally accessible variables are strongly enhanced so that these systems are especially suited to analyse ground state properties. The central topic of this thesis is the investigation of two intermetallic rare-earth compounds with regard to quantum phase transitions. The latter occur at zero temperature as a function of parameters such as magnetic field, pressure or chemical substitution. They are traceable at finite temperature due to deviations of physical variables from the theory of Fermi liquids established by L. D. Landau. For this purpose, low-temperature experiments were performed down to 20mK and in magnetic fields up to 18T. Electrical resistivity, magnetic ac susceptibility, magnetostriction and thermal expansion were measured.
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Green, Alexander Christopher Maurice. "Correlated electrons in heavy fermion and double exchange systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312479.
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Thomas, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude des siliciures pour la microélectronique." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0069.
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Elaboration de monocristaux de TaSi2, MoSi2, WSi2. Mesures de conductivité, magnétoconductivité; détermination de la surface de Fermi de MoSi2 par effet de Haas van Alphen. L'interaction du phosphore avec WSi2 a été étudiée par la métallurgie des poudres
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Albert, Stephan Gerhard [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Grundler, and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfleiderer. "Torque magnetometry on graphene and Fermi surface properties of VB2 and MnB2 single crystals studied by the de Haas-van Alphen effect / Stephan Gerhard Albert. Gutachter: Dirk Grundler ; Christian Pfleiderer. Betreuer: Dirk Grundler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070372412/34.
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Bergk, Beate. "de Haas-van Alphen Untersuchungen nichtmagnetischer Borkarbidsupraleiter." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25240.
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Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit werden de Haas-van Alphen-Untersuchungen an den nichtmagnetischen Borkarbidsupraleitern LuNi2B2C und YNi2B2C präsentiert. Aus den Quantenoszillationen in der normalleitenden Phase in Kombination mit Bandstrukturrechnungen konnten Informationen über die verzweigte Fermiflächenarchitektur und über die Elektron-Phonon-Kopplung der Borkarbide gewonnen werden. Die Kopplung ist stark anisotrop und fermiflächenabhängig. Dies spricht für einen Mehrbandmechanismus der Supraleitung in der Materialklasse.
Zusätzlich konnten de Haas-van-Alphen-Oszillationen mehrerer Fermiflächen unterhalb von Bc2 tief in der Shubnikov-Phase beobachtet werden. Das Verhalten dieser Oszillationen lässt sich nicht mit bisher bekannten Theorien beschreiben. Allerdings weist das Bestehen der Oszillationen weit unterhalb von Bc2 auf ein Bestehen von elektronischen Zuständen in der Shubnikov-Phase hin.
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Diver, Andrew James. "The strongly correlated electron systems CeNiâ†2Geâ†2 and Srâ†2RuOâ†4." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364543.
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Miller, Paul. "De Haas - van Alphen oscillation in the vortex state." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240525.
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Le, Touze Christophe. "Etude des propriétés associées aux ondes de densité de charge dans les bronzes oxygénés quasi-bidimensionnels (PO2)4(WO3)2m." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10183.
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Nous avons etudie les proprietes associees aux ondes de densite de charge dans les bronzes quasi-bidimensionnels (po#2)#4(wo#3)#2#m (m=4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 et 12). Ces composes subissent des transitions de peierls a des temperatures t#p vers un etat d'onde de densite de charge caracterise par une distorsion periodique de reseau couplee a une modulation de la densite electronique. La chaleur specifique a ete mesuree pour les composes 4m entre 1,7k et 300k. Nous avons obtenu des termes lineaires en temperature anormalement eleves et qui augmentent avec m. Les temperatures de debye se situent autour de 250k et diminuent lorsque m augmente. Ce comportement pourrait etre du a la diminution de la liaison metallique ou (et) a l'augmentation du caractere bidimensionnel quand le parametre m croit. Des oscillations quantiques shubnikov-de haas et de haas-van alphen ont ete observees dans les composes m=4 et m=6 lors de mesures de magnetoresistance (m=4 et m=6) et de couple magnetique (m=6) effectuees a tres basse temperature et sous fort champ magnetique. Nous avons attribue ces phenomenes a l'existence de petites poches cylindriques subsistant sur la surface de fermi dans l'etat onde de densite de charge, plus petites pour le compose m=6 que pour le compose m=4: la surface de fermi est plus detruite dans le compose m=6 que dans le compose m=4. Le caractere de basse dimensionnalite pourrait donc augmenter avec m. Enfin, nous avons mesure la resistivite electrique des composes 10m2 en fonction de la temperature entre 4k et 800k. Cette etude nous a permis de differencier les composes a petit m des composes a grand m: contrairement aux premiers, dans le domaine des basses temperatures, les seconds ont une resistivite qui decroit a temperature croissante. Nous avons attribue l'augmentation en fonction de m de la resistivite a 300k (p(300k)) et du rapport de resistivite p(300k)/p(4k) a l'augmentation des interactions electrons-electrons via la diminution du nombre moyen d'electrons de conduction par atome de tungstene. D'autre part, nous pensons que l'absence d'anomalie tres marquee, caracteristique d'une transition de peierls, pour la plupart des composes a grand m, est due a des phenomenes de desordre empechant l'apparition d'un ordre a grande distance dans l'etat onde de densite de charge
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Silva, Bruno Farias da. "Quantização de Landau e efeitos associados para átomos ultrafrios do tipo tripod na presença de uma campo magnético artificial." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7991.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In this thesis, we propose an experimental setup for the study of Landau quantization and associated effects in a two-dimensional ultracold atomic gas. Gauge fields can emerge in the equation of motion for the optically addressed ultracold atoms. To this end, spatially dependent dark states are necessary for the internal states of the atoms. A tripod level scheme yields two degenerate dark states which can leads to either an Abelian U(1) U(1) gauge field or a non-Abelian SU(2) gauge field. Using a suitable laser configuration, we obtain a uniform U(1) U(1) magnetic field which causes the atoms organize themselves in Landau levels. The strength of the effective magnetic field depends on the relative intensity of the lasers beams at the atomic cloud. We estimate the degeneracy of the energy levels for an atomic gas formed by atoms of 87Rb. In addition, we establish the experimental conditions to reach the lowest Landau level regime. In the zero-temperature limit, we realize the emergence of magnetic oscillations in the atomic energy and its derivative as function of the inverse of the effective magnetic field (de Haas van Alphen effect). The period of the de Haas van Alphen oscillation allow us to determine area of the Fermi circle for the atomic gas via an Onsager-like relation. We also show that detuning the a laser from the two-photon resonance we generate a parabolic scalar potential that laterally confines the atoms. As a consequence, the Landau levels degeneracy is removed, since the energy spectrum depends explicitly on the transverse atomic momentum. We show that the Landau levels presents a reminiscent degeneracy when the boundaries conditions are considered. The residual degeneracy occurs when different energy levels overlap. We map the residual degeneracy points as a function of the effective magnetic field. Finally, we present an experimental scheme for observing the spin Hall effect for ultracold atoms in a tripod configuration.
Nesta tese, propomos um arranjo experimental para o estudo da quantização de Landau e efeitos associados em um gás atômico ultrafrio bidimensional. Campos de calibre podem surgir na equação de movimento para átomos ultrafrios oticamente vestidos. Para que isto ocorra, estados escuros espacialmente dependentes são necessários a partir dos estados internos dos átomos. Átomos numa configuração de níveis de energia do tipo tripod produzem dois estados escuros degenerados, que podem levar a campos de calibre Abelianos U(1) U(1) ou não-Abelianos SU(2). Utilizando uma configuração adequada de lasers, mostramos que é possível se produzir um campo magnético sintético uniforme U(1) U(1) que atua nos átomos neutros fazendo-os se organizarem em níveis de Landau. A intensidade do campo efetivo depende da intensidade relativa dos feixes de luz na nuvem atômica. Estimamos a degenerescência dos níveis de energia para um gás atômico formado por átomos de 87Rb e estabelecemos as condições experimentais para que seja atingido o regime em que todos os átomos populam unicamente o nível de Landau menos energético. Considerando o limite de temperatura nula, verificamos o surgimento de oscilações magnéticas na energia e em sua derivada como uma função do inverso do campo magnético efetivo (efeito de Haas van Alphen). O período da oscilação magnética nos permite determinar a área do círculo de Fermi para o gás atômico através de uma expressão similar a de Onsager para sistemas eletrônicos. Mostramos também que dessintonizando um dos lasers em relação à ressonância de dois fótons geramos um potencial escalar parabólico que faz com os átomos sejam lateralmente confinados. Isto resulta na remoção da degenerescência dos níveis de Landau, uma vez que a energia depende explicitamente do momento atômico transverso. Demonstramos que, aplicando condições periódicas de contorno ao sistema, temos o surgimento de uma degenerescência residual. A degenerescência remanescente ocorre quando diferentes níveis de energia se superpõem. Mapeamos os pontos de degenerescência como uma função do campo magnético efetivo. Por fim, apresentamos um esquema experimental para a observação do efeito spin Hall para átomos ultrafrios em uma configuração tripod.
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Fletcher, Jonathon David. "Penetration depth and de Haas - Van Alphen studies of magnesium diboride." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495614.
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The recently discovered superconductor MgB2 has the highest critical-temperature (Tc) of any non-cuprate superconductor. It is also the first clear example of two gap superconductor. In this material, the presence of significant gap anisotropy, combined with Fermi surface sheets of different anisotropy leads to many unusual properties in the superconducting state. This thesis includes a study of the anisotropy in the London penetration depth, and that of Hc2 in MgB2. Unusually, these are both temperature dependent due to multi-gap effects.
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Duncan, Kevin P. "The semiclassical theory of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in type-II superconductors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297817.
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Pricopi, Lucia. "Etude de la masse effective des fermions lourds CeAl2 et CeRu2Si2 par mesures de l'effet de Haas-van Alphen sous champs magnétiques pulsés." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30044.
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KUPFER, JOHN CARLTON. "A SEARCH FOR CHANGES IN THE BAND STRUCTURE OF EXTREMELY STRAIN-FREE MAGNESIUM-CADMIUM CRYSTALS AS A FUNCTION OF ALLOYING, IN THE DILUTE LIMIT (DE HAAS-VAN ALPHEN, FERMI SURFACE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187953.
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We report here a study of a specific doublet of de Haas-van Alphen frequencies in pure Mg and very dilute Mg(Cd) alloys with the magnetic field aligned with the c-axis. The work involved three stages. First, the use of extremely strain-free crystals, temperatures down to 40 millidegree Kelvin, large amplitude modulation, and the fast Fourier transform allowed the components of this doublet to be well resolved. This resolution allowed measurement of the changes in the cross-sectional area as a function of magnetic field orientation to verify the assignment of this doublet to the cap and monster arm junction at the top of the Brillouin zone. Third, with the magnetic field aligned with the c-axis, the splitting of this doublet offered a direct and sensitive indication of any symmetry breaking changes in the 0001 Fourier component of the ionic lattice potential in Mg upon the introduction of Cd. C. B. Friedberg's analysis of his electron interference lineshape data from the quantum interferometer in Mg had indicated that the energy of this band gap should increase by 40% with the introduction of 15 ppm Cd. Our data indicate that any change in the energy of the band gap must be at least three orders of magnitude smaller than that indicated by Friedberg. Our data are, in fact, consistent with there being no changes in the electronic band structure or the Fermi surface of Mg(Cd) alloys (with up to 0.02% (At) Cd), from that of pure Mg.
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Hsiao, Pai-Yi. "Comportement critique des modèles de spin classiques sur des fractals : magnétisme orbital d'un gaz d'electrons bidimentionnel confiné par un potentiel harmonique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077099.
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(I) On étudie les comportements critiques du modèle d'Ising et dumodèle de Potts à 3 états sur des fractals par simulation Monte Carlo. Les résultats obtenus par l'analyse en tailles finies satisfont larelation d'hyperscaling avec la dimension de Hausdorff; ils différentdes développements en epsilon. L'universalité de la transition sur cesfractals est faible. De plus, on mesure les exposants dynamiques del'algorithme de Wolff et on met en évidence une nouvelle loi d'échelle que satisfait la distribution de taille des amas. (II) On étudie ungaz d'électrons 2D confiné par un potentiel harmonique et on introduitune formule de trace exacte en appliquant la théorie des résidus. Onpeut montrer que le magnétisme présente trois comportements différents:Diamagnétisme de Landau, Oscillation de Haas-van Alphen et Fluctuation mésoscopique. En appliquant la méthode des états cohérents, on peutdonner une formule pour le courant induit par le champ externe(I) We study the critical behavior of Ising model and 3-state Pottsmodel on fractals by Monte Carlo simulation. The results obtained byfinite size scaling satisfy the hyperscaling relation with the Hausdorffdimension, but differ from the prediction of epsilon-expansion. Theuniversality of these phase transions is shown to be weak. Moverover, we measure the dynamical exponents of the Wolff algorithm and establisha new scaling law for the size distribution of Wolff clusters. (II) Westudy a 2D electron gas confined by an harmonic potential and introducean exact trace formula in application of the residue theorem. We showthat the magnetism presents three different behaviors: Landau Diamagnetism,de Haas-van Alphen Oscillation and Mesoscopic Fluctuation. In applyingthe coherent state method, we give a formula for current density inducedby the external magnetic field
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Polyakov, Andrey. "Fermi-surface investigations of rare-earth transition-metal compounds." Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26909.
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The interplay of partially filled d- or f-electron shells with conduction-band electrons is a key ingredient in new rare-earth transition-metal compounds for the emergence of unusual electronic and magnetic properties. Among which unconventional superconductivity is one of the most studied. Despite many years of intensive experimental investigations and plenty promising theoretical models, unconventional superconductivity still remains hotly debated a very rich topic. One of the fundamental unsolved problems for condensed-matter physicists is the mechanism that causes the electrons to form anisotropic superconductivity.
Since electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi level are primarily responsible for superconductivity, in order to better understand the mechanism giving rise to this phenomenon and the origin of complex forces between correlated electrons, knowledge of the Fermi surface and band selective effective mass is essential. Of the many techniques used to study electronic band-structure properties, measurements of quantum oscillations in the magnetization, so-called de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect, in combination with band-structure calculations is the traditional proven tool for studying Fermi-surface topology and quasiparticle effective mass.
In the present work, electronic structure and Fermi-surface properties of Ybsubstituted heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 and iron based ternary phosphides LaFe2P2 and CeFe2P2 have been investigated by means of dHvA measurements. For these measurements, capacitive cantilever-torque magnetometry was utilized.
In Ce1−xYbxCoIn5, the evolution of the Fermi surface and effective mass was studied as a function of Yb concentration. The observed topology change is consistent with what is expected from the band-structure calculations. For a small Yb concentration, x = 0.1, the band-structure topology and the effective masses remain nearly unchanged compared to CeCoIn5. This contrasts clearly modified Fermi surfaces and light, almost unrenormalized effective masses for x = 0.2 and above. For LaFe2P2 and CeFe2P2, the obtained effective masses are light. Good agreement between the calculated and measured dHvA frequencies was identified only for LaFe2P2. However, for CeFe2P2 strong disagreement was observed. Moreover, different CeFe2P2 single crystals reveal different experimental results. In order to reconcile the results of the dHvA measurements and density-functional-theory calculations more work is necessary.
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Forzani, Eugenio Angelo. "Characterization of the electronic properties of LaIrIn5: calculations, transport-, heat capacity- and de Haas-van Alphen-experiments." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B451-0.
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Bergk, Beate [Verfasser]. "De Haas-van Alphen-Untersuchungen nichtmagnetischer Borkarbidsupraleiter / von Beate Bergk." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008647160/34.
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Kramer, Roman. "Oscillations magnétiques et domaines de Condon dans des métaux." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011710.
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Dans cette thèse, les domaines diamagnétiques appelés « domaines de Condon » sont étudiés. L'origine de ces domaines est la quantification des états d'énergie des électrons soumis à un champ magnétique en niveaux de Landau conduisant à l'effet de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA). Pour la première fois, la structure magnétique des domaines de Condon est détectée à la surface d'un échantillon en argent à l'aide d'une sonde locale de l'aimantation. Pour ce faire, un réseau contenant cinq microsondes de Hall ayant une résolution spatiale d'une dizaine de micromètres et une résolution magnétique de 1e-4 est utilisé. La période de la structure des domaines et l'épaisseur des parois sont estimées. L'hystérèse est observée dans l'effet dHvA en présence de domaines de Condon. La boucle d'hystérèse est détectée par les sondes de Hall DC et par des mesures standard de susceptibilité AC. La détection de l'hystérèse par la technique AC offre une méthode très sensible avec laquelle les diagrammes de phase des domaines de Condon sont déterminés pour un échantillon d'argent et pour un échantillon de béryllium.
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Champel, T. "Oscillations quantiques magnétiques dans les systèmes de basse dimensionnalité.Etude de la symétrie de l'état supraconducteur dans le composé UPt3." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202830.
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Dans une première partie, nous développons la théorie analytique des effets de Haas-van Alphen (oscillations d'aimantation) et Shubnikov-de Haas (oscillations de magnétorésistance) dans les systèmes électroniques quasi-bidimensionnels, qui sont constitués de couches très bonnes conductrices avec une faible dispersion des quasi-particules entre les plans. Nous montrons que l'application d'un champ magnétique perpendiculairement aux couches a pour effet de réduire la dimensionnalité apparente du système. A fort champ magnétique, le comportement des oscillations d'aimantation est proche de celui d'un gaz d'électrons bidimensionnel. Nous étudions en détail l'influence des oscillations du potentiel chimique sur la forme des oscillations de Haas-van Alphen en présence d'une ou de plusieurs bandes d'états au niveau de Fermi. Nous dérivons également une expression pour les oscillations d'aimantation dans l'état mixte supraconducteur. Nous calculons enfin les oscillations de la magnétorésistance longitudinale dans le cadre de la théorie du transport quantique pour un modèle d'impuretés ponctuelles. A fort champ magnétique nous trouvons des oscillations géantes avec un comportement thermiquement activé des maxima de résistance.Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions les propriétés de l'état mixte dans le supraconducteur non-conventionnel UPt3 pour un champ magnétique parallèle à l'axe hexagonal du cristal principalement dans le cadre des modèles théoriques d'un état supraconducteur à deux composantes couplé avec un champ briseur de symétrie. Nous examinons la structure du réseau de vortex dans la phase A de UPt3 à partir de considérations de symétrie et de l'approximation locale de London, et montrons que seul l'état supraconducteur de symétrie E2u peut rendre compte des observations expérimentales. Nous mettons également en évidence que la transition entre les phases mixtes A et B est plutôt un crossover qu'une transition de phase du second ordre à cause de la présence de termes de gradients de mélange dans l'expression de l'énergie libre de Ginzburg-Landau. Enfin, nous démontrons que la dépendance de la pente du second champ critique au niveau de la température critique en fonction du taux d'impuretés n'est pas sensible à la symétrie de l'état supraconducteur.
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Rourke, Patrick Michael Carl. "Electronic States of Heavy Fermion Metals in High Magnetic Fields." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17825.
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Heavy fermion metals often exhibit novel electronic states at low temperatures, due to competing interactions and energy scales. In order to characterize these states, precise determination of material electronic properties, such as the Fermi surface topology, is necessary. Magnetic field is a particularly powerful tool, since it can be used as both a tuning parameter and probe of the fundamental physics of heavy fermion compounds.
In CePb3, I measured magnetoresistance and torque for 23 mK ≤ T ≤ 400 mK, 0 T ≤ H ≤ 18 T, and magnetic field rotated between the (100), (110), and (111) directions. For H||(111), my magnetoresistance results show a decreasing Fermi liquid temperature range near Hc, and a T^2 coefficient that diverges as A(H) ∝ |H −Hc|^−α, with Hc ~ 6 T and α ~ 1. The torque exhibits a complicated dependence on magnetic field strength and angle. By comparison to numerical spin models, I find that the “spin-flop” scenario previously thought to describe the physics of CePb3 does not provide a good explanation of the experimental results.
Using novel data acquisition software that exceeds the capabilities of a traditional measurement set-up, I measured de Haas–van Alphen oscillations in YbRh2Si2 for 30 mK ≤ T ≤ 600 mK, 8 T ≤ H ≤ 16 T, and magnetic field rotated between the (100), (110), and (001) directions. The measured frequencies smoothly increase as the field is decreased through H0 ≈ 10 T. I compared my measurements to 4f-itinerant and 4f-localized electronic structure calculations, using a new algorithm for extracting quantum oscillation information from calculated band energies, and conclude that the Yb 4f quasi-hole remains itinerant over the entire measured field range, with the behaviour at H0 caused by a Fermi surface Lifshitz transition. My measurements are the first to directly track the Fermi surface of YbRh2Si2 across this field range, and rule out the 4f localization transition/crossover that was previously proposed to occur at H0.
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Forzani, Eugenio Angelo [Verfasser]. "Characterization of the electronic properties of LaIrIn5 : calculations, transport-, heat capacity- and de Haas-van Alphen experiments / vorgelegt von Eugenio Angelo Forzani." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985718080/34.
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