Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'De la technologie et de l'innovation'
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Cortes, Robles Guillermo Le Lann Jean-Marc. "Management de l'innovation technologique et des connaissances." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000388.
Full textPaasche, Cédric. "La diffusion de l'innovation et les transferts internationaux de technologie dans le secteur pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D023.
Full textIf able to meet the challenge of the "2nd pharmacological revolution" and to counter the relative regression of tis r-d, the advanced technology side of the pharmaceutical industry should become, in the short term, a prime mover in the national and international "health sector". Yet to achieve this, several major stumbling-blocks must first be overcome : omnipresent public interventionism, the health financing crisis, and the north-south tug-of-war over the technological stakes. Other potential obstacles include the relative mistrust of public bodies and the burden of moral and ethical problems linked to the spread of pharmaceutical "progress". New normative control methods thus objectify a specific "co-operation conflict" (p-f. Gonod) between nation-states, juridical-political entities, and pharmaceutical tnc, techno-economic structures. And although the international juridical framework remains largely compartmentalized and encumbered with national particularisms, more dynamic trends are nevertheless emergins : with regard to the rationalization of technological exchange structures in themselves, to a gradual harmonization of positive rights, and to a global reinforcement in the protection of pharmaceutical industrial property rights. These may lead to an in-depth redefinition of the role of the authorities and of international organizations with respect to the spread of innovation and technology carried out by the stns in this sector
Chatelain, Yannick. "!ResisTanZ! : hackeurs, les maquisards de l'innovation ! : management de l'innovation, Internet et déviance, apprendre... /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41467055h.
Full textGodment, Fossey Mélinda. "La fiscalité de l'innovation technologique : création et protection." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020053.
Full textAhmed, Saïd Ali. "Ethnométhodologie de l'innovation et des transferts de technologie : de la théorie à l'intervention chez les artisans français et aux Comores." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070087.
Full textBy replacing innovation actions and technology transfers in contexts (with craftsmen in France and at Comoros), this thesis shows the complexity of the reality from which are elaborated and realized innovation projects. Studying such actions implies to take into account the complexity of reality, that is to say the multiple dimensions of life (cultural, technical, economical and political facts), the particular aspects of each observed case in their spatio-temporal occurrence, the habits of the actors on innovation problem solving or on technology transfer practices, etc. One of interrogation that this thesis tries to get an answer is how to build a methodology tools able to take account of the complexity of the reality life both for the observation and acting. This thesis tries to seek answers to this question in a double dialogue : in the collaboration of various disciplines and in the interaction between researchers and those who are confronted on the problem in their daily life. Then, the work begins with a review of some sociological points of view (functionalism, structuralism and the systemic one) and turns then to ethnomethodology, a sociological current which studies the everyday life. Some arguments of this discipline seems to be well-sited to study these phenomena in dialogue with some other frameworks (anthropology, ethnology, linguistic, computer prospective, computer and engineering sciences). The task is carried out by focusing on the integration of Internet technologies by craftsmen in France and in Comoro, by pointing on the particular and specific conditions of the various cases as well on the different points of view of concerned peoples. Some epistemological questions are related : they concern re the transposition of the models, the use of formalized procedures, the articulation of theoretical point of view and applied research, the passage from a context of knowledge production to action
Braune, Eric. "Réseau et management de l'innovation dans les secteurs de haute technologie : intérêt financier et organisationnel des réseaux dans les stratégies d'innovation des firmes industrielles de haute technologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32067.
Full textThrough an empirical study involving 172 high-tech industrial firms domiciled in the U.S. and embedded in networks of innovation financing by venture capital we show that the amount of expenditures in venture capital made by these firms impacts strongly and positively their Tobin's Q. In addition, our study illuminates the strategy of industrial firms embedded in networks of innovation financing. It appears that access to information concerning marketable innovations is highly constrained by relationships these firms have with financial venture capital companies. Thus, industrial firms building relationships with financial firms occupying a central place in the network get the most out of their nesting in it. These firms increase the amount of venture capital investments towards the same financial partners and this positively impacts their Tobin's Q. Therefore, our study reveals what an efficient relational capital is in financing networks of innovation
Gallié, Émilie-Pauline. "Coopération, externalités de connaissance et géographie de l'innovation : le cas du secteur des biotechnologies en France." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010046.
Full textDarhouani, Lahcen. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) comme moteur de l'innovation dans les économies territoriales /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Rimouski : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBibliogr.: f. 242-257. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Broustail, Joël. "Retrospective technologique et management de l'innovation dans l'industrie automobile : le moteur a deux temps (emergence de l'innovation) ; les transmissions automatiques (diffusion de l'innovation) ; la politique technologique de citroen (strategie d'innovation)." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHEC0011.
Full textThe general purpose ofthis work isto explore the interests of a technological retrospective. For innovation management (theory and practice). It is based on the empirical study and examined with the help of the french society of automotive engineers. Case one - the history and the surprising return of the two str0kes engine - deals with the origins of new desings. Case two - the history and the current developments of automatic transmissions - deals with the difficulties of diffusion of an innovation. Case three - the technological policy of citroenmichelin is directly linked to the entrepreneurial and strategical perspective of innovation. It is then possible to propose a generic model of innovation. Its main aspects lie in : a methodical approach of technological analysis and prospective ; the dynamic forces within a sector and between different sectors ; the structure and the formation of markets and of consumer behaviours ; the strategic integration of conjoncture and hazards. It also stresses the role of collective beliefs and the human and psychological relationship with technological designs
Iritie, Bi Goli Jean-Jacques. "Effets des pôles de compétitivité dans les industries de haute technologie : une analyse d'économie industrielle de l'innovation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772078.
Full textJublot, Guillaume. "L'attractivité territoriale : rôle des incitations et des institutions et conditions de l'innovation." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1009/document.
Full textFaced with a succession of crisis and global competition, States seek solutions to get out. In this long period of financial scarcity at all stages of the rocket territorial France, it is appropriate to consolidate all that contributes to the attractiveness of a country, a region, a city. The lack of communication, abserved so far between complementary sectors in the same territory involved yet the attrativeness of it, makes the excercise very complicated. However, these independent sets of each other on the same territory, would be well advised to focus their efforts in terms of economic attrativeness. The reforms implemented so far didn't yield the desired results. The need and need strutural reform has never been stronger and unavoidable for the proper functioning of our economies. Faced with this crisis, France is not safe in terms of macro-economic variables: lockouts, deficit, debt
Pajak, Serge. "La protection de la propriété intellectuelle et l'innovation : contributions empiriques et théoriques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00622839.
Full textBonnet, Clément. "L'innovation dans les technologies de l'énergie bas-carbone : analyses théoriques et évaluations empiriques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100177/document.
Full textInnovation in low-carbon energy technologies (LCETs) is impeded by externalities on the environment on the one hand, and on knowledge on the other hand. These market failures need to be addressed through public policies. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the conditions for effectiveness of policies aiming at supporting innovation in LCETs. It does so by having recourse to theoretical analyses in conjunction with empirical assessments. The thesis is structured into five chapters. Chapter 1 questions the need to implement innovation policies specifically dedicated to LCETs — as opposed to neutral innovation policies that do not discriminate between these technologies and other technologies. A review of the economic instruments that have been implemented is proposed and indicates the predominance of a demand-pull approach — over a supply-push approach — to support innovation in LCETs. Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of demand-pull support instruments by conducting a counterfactual analysis to determine the extent to which the diffusion of wind power in six European countries is imputable to these instruments. Chapter 3 develops an econometrical method aiming at providing a robust measure of the produced knowledge that pertains to LCETs. A common latent factor model is used to estimate the quality of inventions that have been patented by six countries between 1980 and 2010 in fifteen low-carbon energy technologies. Chapter 4 revisits the question of the optimal design of a patent system when specifically dedicated to a process invention, whose reward depends on the pricing of environmental externalities. Chapter 5 summarizes our results and articulates key issues and messages
Lozada-Islas, Fernando. "Les rapports exploitation-maintenance et la gestion de l'innovation technologique à la RATP." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529500.
Full textSzajt, Marek. "Analyse de l'innovation technologique : une application à l'économie polonaise : analyse statitisque et économétrique." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/szajt_m_notice.
Full textThe dissertation consists of two parts. The first part concerns the problems of innovation and economic growth. The importance of National Innovation System that operates in Western Europe was emphasized. The condition of the research and development (R&D) sector in Poland was also described. In the empirical part, a statistical analysis of gross expenditures on R&D (GERD) and the employment in the R&D sector was carried out. Then econometrical models of innovative were created. The results obtained confirmed the following hypotheses: there is a long term correlation between economic growth and innovative activity; a country's innovative potential is determined by R&D researchers and GERD; innovative activity in the European OECD countries depends on the same factors, but its current level depends on factors typical of a country. The econometric methods presented in the dissertation might be helpful in planning a long-term innovative policy of a country
LOZADA-ISLAS, FERNANDO. "Les rapports exploitation-maintenance et la gestion de l'innovation technologique a la ratp." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENPC9112.
Full textDarmonni, Jacob. "La sélection sociale de l'innovation : Parcours d'innovations environnementales depuis un centre de Recherche & Développement jusqu'à l'espace domestique." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805271.
Full textVaujany, François-Xavier de. "Gérer l'innovation sociale à l'usage des technologies de l'information : une contribution structurationniste." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33028.
Full textStachowski, Karine. "Entreprise-territoire : géographie de l'innovation technologique dans la région Nord-Pas-De-Calais." Lille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL10160.
Full textSabetti, Leonard. "L'innovation et l'esprit d'entreprise : preuves empiriques à l'aide de microdonnées." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD017.
Full textThis thesis comprises four empirical essays on innovation and entrepreneurship using firm-level microdata. The proliferation of such data has led to greater understanding of the underlying drivers and dynamics of economic growth at the macro level, enabling enhanced and evidence-based public policy. The main contribution of the thesis resides in the use of new survey data across different contexts with enhanced questions on firm innovation activities. These questions were modeled on the Oslo Manual Guidelines published jointly by the OECD and Eurostat to foster an internationally recognized methodology for business innovation statistics. Micro-econometric and program evaluation methods guided the analysis. Chapter 1 examines the relationship between innovation and performance for a sample of over 30,000 firms in developing countries from recent surveys collected by the Enterprise Survey Unit of the World Bank. We find that returns to innovation are positive and large but vary substantially according to innovation type and degree of novelty. Moreover, R&D plays a more pronounced role for radical innovation. Utilizing the same dataset, chapter 2 investigates the relationship between innovation and employment. Our analysis highlights the role of product innovation as the main channel for employment creation. We also found a lack of negative impact from process innovation, potentially due to a skill composition effect. Chapter 3 concerns the effects of innovation and financing on both survival and growth for a sample of roughly 4,000 firms in the United States based on an 8-year survey launched in 2004 and overlapping with the Great Recession of 2008-2009. Firms in the high-tech sector are more likely to survive; they display an inverted U-shaped exit rate. While initial financing levels positively affect survival, the effects are reversed during the Great Recession, underlining the role of financial dependence and the business cycle. Startups that introduce new products to market display higher growth rates. We investigate a potential mechanism whereby innovative firms are more likely to obtain additional rounds of external financing. The results highlight the role of incorporating direct measures of innovation for firm heterogeneity. In the final chapter, we study a sample of manufacturing firms in Italy to uncover drivers of firm R&D expenditures. We estimate a crowding-in effect of roughly thirty percentage points for firms that report cooperation with the university sector on R&D projects and contrast these findings in terms of the impact from fiscal subsidies such as tax credits. Findings of the thesis have relevance for public policy around innovation and entrepreneurship and for maximizing public sector returns on investment
Gay, Claudine Le Bas Christian. "Economie de l'innovation technologique localisée un essai sur les individus, organisations et réseaux apprenants /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/gay_c.
Full textGay, Claudine. "Economie de l'innovation technologique localisée : un essai sur les individus, organisations et réseaux apprenants." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/gay_c.
Full textEdouard, Serge. "Progrès technologique et changement institutionnel : de l'institutionnalisation de l'innovation technologique à la co-évolution techno-institutionnelle." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100001.
Full textCortes, Robles Guillermo. "Management de l'innovation technologique et des connaissances : synergie entre la théorie TRIZ et le Raisonnement à Partir de Cas. Application en génie des procédés et systèmes industriels." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7523/1/cortesrobles.pdf.
Full textHaefelin, Arnaud. "Le rôle de l'innovation technologique comme facteur de structuration de la sous-filière parapétrolière." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010056.
Full textThe oil industry chain is wide : it starts from the exploration of oil and ends with the gasoline for the car tank. Within the industry chain, we can find a activity which becomes more and more important : the "oil and gas services industry". The upstream of the industry is made of two main activities : the exploration and the production. Step by step the majors began to use smaller firms as subcontractors in order to further reduce their cost and to benefit from new technologies available. The purpose of this thesis will be to analyze the influence of the technological evolution on one hand on the cost and market structure, on the other hand on the firms found on the branch. In order to conceptualize the influence of new technology, we will be using different concepts as : - the advantages of the big sized firms. - the diffusion process by schumpeter. - the cycles and innovation strategy. - the technological race concept. - the subcontracting theory. In the oil branch, the most important point of the technological evolution is innovation, which influences the market structure in creating a oligopolistic structure in the industry. The two main components in oil and gas services industry which have benefited from new technologies are geophysics and drilling. Because of the innovation, both of them have been and will be completely transformed by the effect of diversification, segmentation and by the search of cost reduction
Jimenez, Jorge. "Les réseaux personnels de l'entrepreneur et l'innovation technologique dans l'industrie d'arts graphiques à Cali, Colombie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1995. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5125/1/000623579.pdf.
Full textIssoulié, Jacques. "L'Innovation technologique en matière financière : éléments d'analyse économique des systèmes de transferts électroniques de fonds." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010002.
Full textThis dissertation aims at elaborating elements for a theoretical analysis of an important new phenomenon : technological innovation as applied to money. Credit and finance (TIF). The analysis develops within the theoretical frameworks provided by the theories of innovation, money and credit, and industrial organization (as applied to banking structures and competition). Neither the theory of industrial innovation, nor the newer theories of financial innovation, enable us to understand the specificity of tif. Industrial organization theory, on the contrary, has produced analytical tools in accordance with which we define tif as an "innovation of orgazation" exhibiting important properties. TIF reduces money demand, and increases (potentially) money supply and money velocity. It changes the arguments of credit demand and supply functions, as well as the conditions of their equilibrium on the credit market. Using the concepts of the theory of contestable markets, we study the impact of tif on the efficiency of the monoproduct and multiproduct banking firm, as well as on banking competition
Leurquin, Pablo. "Protection de l'innovation par le droit brésilien de la concurrence et dialogue avec le droit de l'union européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D053.
Full textThe promotion of innovation is a value widely pursued by the most different countries, which implement various legal techniques to ensure the necessary incentives for companies that succeed in generating new products, services and technologies. In Brazil, intellectual property is considered one of the most suitable legal institutes to better preserve the interest of companies in continuing to innovate. However, the period following Brazil’s accession to the TRIPS Agreement revealed that it did not meet the expectations of consolidating the innovation development model in the country. This frustration is not a phenomenon restricted to Brazil, as one can perceive in evaluating other economies with inheritances of underdevelopment. In lieu of a broad technological diffusion, what was observed is the consolidation of a "knowledge cartel," with global influence. The "overprotection" of intellectual property rights is added to the narrative of a reduction in competitive intervention, resulting from the influence of the Chicago School. Thus, this thesis assumes that the context previously described is not in accordance with the constitutionally adopted ideology, making it necessary to promote a renewed action of the Brazilian Administrative Council of Economic Defense (CADE, in Portuguese). The research aimed to formulate a regulatory function of innovation by means of the Brazilian Competition Law mechanisms. The research had an interdisciplinary character, involving, especially, knowledge of Law and Economy. An analysis of cases judged by Brazilian and European competition authorities on the protection of innovation and intellectual property rights was carried out. The comparative analysis with the European experience showed that the contributions of the contemporary industrial economy can introduce more realistic economic analyzes, without losing sight of the legal security in the competitive intervention. Thus, it is understood that CADE has constitutional and legal powers to intervene, in a renewed way, in cases involving the high technology industry, prioritizing more inclusive economic structures and reducing high barriers to entry in the markets in question
A promoção da inovação é um valor amplamente perseguido pelos mais diferentes países, os quais se utilizam de diversas técnicas jurídicas para garantir os estímulos necessários às empresas que tenham sucesso em gerar novos produtos e serviços ou novas tecnologias. No Brasil, considera-se a propriedade intelectual como um dos institutos jurídicos mais aptos a preservar o interesse das empresas em continuar inovando. Entretanto, o período subsequente à adesão ao Acordo TRIPS revelou que este não cumpriu com as expectativas de consolidar o modelo de desenvolvimento via inovação no país. Essa frustração não é fenômeno restrito ao Brasil, conforme se percebe ao avaliar outras economias com heranças do subdesenvolvimento. No lugar da ampla difusão tecnológica, o que se verificou foi a consolidação de uma espécie de “cartel do conhecimento”, com influência global. Assim, a “superproteção” dos direitos de propriedade intelectual se soma à narrativa de redução de intervenção concorrencial, decorrente da influência da Escola de Chicago. A presente tese parte do pressuposto de que esse contexto descrito não está de acordo com a ideologia constitucionalmente adotada, fazendo-se necessário promover uma atuação renovada do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE). A pesquisa teve como objetivo formular uma função reguladora da inovação por meio da aplicação do Direito Brasileiro da Concorrência. Para tanto, a investigação teve caráter interdisciplinar, envolvendo, especialmente, conhecimentos do Direito e da Economia. Foi realizada uma análise de casos julgados pelas autoridades da concorrência brasileira e europeias, versando sobre a proteção da inovação e de direitos de propriedade intelectual. Em face disso, a análise comparativa com a experiência europeia permitiu constatar que os aportes da Economia Industrial contemporânea podem introduzir análises econômicas mais realistas, sem perder de vista a segurança jurídica na intervenção concorrencial. Assim, infere-se que o CADE apresenta competências constitucionais e legais para intervir, de maneira renovada, em casos que envolvam a indústria de alta tecnologia, priorizando estruturas econômicas mais inclusivas e reduzindo as elevadas barreiras a entrada
Béziat, Jacques. "Technologies informatiques à l'école primaire : de la modernité réformatrice à l'intégration pédagogique innovante : contribution à l'étude des modes d'inflexion, de soutien, d'accompagnement de l'innovation." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437088.
Full textPoirier, Marie-Sol. "L'innovation fondée sur les nanotechnologies au regard de la notion d'acceptabilité sociale de ces développements." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4048.
Full textLavarec, Lionel. "Modéliser les pratiques contributives : une approche info-communicationnelle de l'innovation et du design." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://scd.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/these/acces_reserve.php.
Full textWe know what is driving our society. Beyond the idea of progress, this is innovation, called through two key concepts: economy technology. It is not a creation of the mind. Any measure of a state's performance, in particular through the European Innovation Scoreboard, but also any nation's strategic plan or support criteria, depends directly on this notion of innovation. We identified it works like a black box: only inputs – funding, method, tool, organization mode or leadership – or outputs – patent, commercial success, product or service – are considered. The theory of innovation is, for the time being, often outside debates and research. In the context of the emergence of new economic players whose performance is far from that of those – industrial large groups or institutional structures – which combine expertise, structuring and the known means for innovation, we will wonder about the practices, at the center of the innovative process, which works imagination, creation and achievement together. We will try to define these new ways of thinking and acting we qualify as contributing because they go beyond the usual participative logics. Characterizing these contributing practices through a model conception will allow us to give back to progress its social dimension to serve again people. At the heart of the black box, our model questions and qualifies the information created, exchanged and transformed according to multiple relationships. It opens up a way of thinking and developing to many beyond the usual technological and economic limits. Finally, our model offers a new reading of the consideration and evolution of individuals by and for society
Le, Du Laura. "Modéliser l'expansion des imaginaires en conception : dynamique des imaginaires, ingénierie de stimulation et nouvelles organisations de l'innovation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM017/document.
Full textIt is widely established that industrial innovation has to take into account imaginaries which could cause enthusiasme or rejection effects. That is why, nowadays designers consider them in their design processes. The traditionnal approach considers as stable as exogenous imaginaries, which could be shaped ex-ante and conformed new products and services to be designed. Could it be possible to plan a new approach, that would overpass the stability hypothesis, avoiding a kind of fixation and narrow-mindedness for designers or users ?The thesis focuses on this second approach, which endogenizes imaginaries by considering their renewal properties. It tackles three matters: how the transformation of imaginaries could account for the innovative technical object ? What an engineering system to stimulate imaginaries and feed innovation processes ? Lastly, what managerial actions to collectively support a stimulation of imaginaries, in an industrial context ?Thanks to the recent progress in design theory and empirical experiences led in the automotive industry, we could expand a modelisation effort. This work finds out three main results. Firstly, the thesis characterises the imaginaries dynamic transformation from a concrete and original technical object, by new criterias: heterogeneousness, number, tensions and non-polarity of imaginaries. Secondly, the thesis suggests a theoretical modelisation of the imaginaries expansion throughout a design process made of a knowledge structure with three logics hanging on together, based on the Lacanian approach and redefined by the design way: “real”, “symbolic” and “imaginary”. The thesis shows how to analyse empirical dynamics and set out managerial hypothesis in order to expand imaginaries. Thirdly, the experimentations led on four collective organisations of imaginaries, chosen for their complementarity, confirm, enrich and precise the hypothesis suggested by the theoretical model. It shows that the generativity of imaginaries is directly connected with their diversity and dynamism. Their transformation comes less from the injection of exogenous imaginaries than from a design effort combining with real, symbolic, and available substrates. Thanks to that, it is possible now to create an evolution on imaginaries through a stimulation organisation and a specific management to obtain strong generativity innovation processes
Ben, Letaifa Soumaya. "La théorie de l'écosystème : trois essais sur le relationnel et l'innovation dans les secteurs bancaires et des TIC (technologies de l'information et des communications)." Thèse, Paris 9, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2197/1/D1806.pdf.
Full textGroff, Arnaud. "Optimisation de l'innovation par l'élaboration d'un processus de créativité industrielle : cas de l'industrie automobile." Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0012.
Full textToday, the complexity and the competitiveness of markets ask to the companies to favour the innovation. This innovation is the optimal fruit of the collaboration of the actors of the design, so multi-field they are. Now in the automotive sector the oligopolistique nature of the market obliges the builders to go to the optimization of the innovation to survive. We thus worked on this problem in the automotive sector by adopting an at the same moment organizational approach (professions) and procedural (actions). Having made a state of the art concerning the innovation in industrial environment, our positioning in search-action with a big automotive group allowed us to advance the problem of optimization of the activity of creativity in the process of design as being a major source of gain in innovation in the automotive environment. These research works thus have for object to formalize the organization and the management of the activity of search for creative and innovative solutions in design of manufactured goods. The final goal being to optimize the innovation in design of products by improving the efficiency and the equivalence of the work between the team's projects and the services creativity-innovation. We thus advanced the problem of integration of the activity of creativity in the process of design as being a major source of gain in innovation in the automotive environment. Our hypotheses and our experimental works then allowed us to elaborate a Process of Industrial Creativity and its tool of piloting to integrate the complexity of the professions and the innovation and so, answer our problem
Today, the complexity and the competitiveness of markets ask to the companies to favour the innovation the optimal fruit of collaboration actors of the design, so multi-fied they are. Now in the automotive sector the oligopolistique nature of the market obliges the builders to go to the optimization of the innovation to survive. We thus worked on this problem in the automotive sector by adopting an at the same moment organizational approach (professions) and procedural (actions). Having made a state of the art concerning the innovation in industrial environment, our positioning in search-action with a big automotive group allowed us to advance the problem of optimization of the activity of creativity in the process of design as being as being a major source of gain in innovation in the automotive environment. These research works thus have for object to formalize the organization and management of the activity of search for creative and innovation solutions in design of manufactured goods. The final goal being to optimize the innovation in design products by improving the efficiency and equivalence of the work between the team’s projects and the services creativity-innovation. We thus advanced the problem of integration of the activity of creativity in process of design as being a major source of gain in innovation in the automotive environment. Our hypotheses and our experimental works then allowed us to elaborate a process of industrial creativity and its tool of piloting to integrate the complexity of the professions and the innovation and so, answer our problem
Turki-Chichti, Fatma. "Adaptation du concept de veille industrielle à la mise en place d'un système d'exploitation économique ; vers l'innovation et le transfert technologique : analyse et réflexion à partir du contexte industriel tunisien." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30078.
Full textMattern, Julien. "Sociologie critique de l'innovation technologique : le cas de la télébillettique dans les transports publics parisiens." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100202.
Full textThis thesis deals with human and social issues of technological development, by analyzing the specific case of electronic ticketing (the “Navigo” pass) in parisian public transport. The first part of this work analyzes the consequences of technological innovation on the work of employees involved (bus drivers, sales agents, inspectors and maintenance agents). Then, it considers the reasons why these effects have not been taken seriously by the sociology of labour. In a second step, we analyze the electronic ticketing in the terms of a classical sociology of innovation (Callon, Latour). It shows the views and practical problems encountered by the main instigators of the project. Since its inception (in mid-1980), this innovation has been particularly marked by a tension between a commercial and a technical point of view. We point out the implicit biases that underlie its a-critical views (technical evolutionism and ideology of needs), and we stress out their lack of relevance for the “Navigo” case. The third part applies to the “Navigo” different critical grids of analysis (marxist theory of automation, critical theory of control, critical theory of neoliberalism), before considering this innovation in the current “technological tsunami” context (Tibon-Cornillot)
Bougrain, Frédéric. "Les P. M. E. Et l'innovation : Implications en matière de politique technologique régionale - Cas de la région Centre et comparaison avec le Bade-Wurtemberg." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0502.
Full textRougès, Jean-François. "L'innovation de modèle d'affaires exploitant les technologies de l'information et de la communication : contribution à la compréhension du lien entre TIC et performance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26884.
Full textOrganizations that employ Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to innovate, generate performance results that differ greatly from one organization to another. The Three principal factors that influence performance are: the degree of intensity, coherence and the scale of the systemic innovation. On the basis of current knowledge, the concept of systemic alignment is clearly identified in the research literature. The herewith thesis purposes to examine the notion of the business model innovation. A systematic literature review has been conducted. From a conceptual perspective, the review provided a clearer definition of the concept of a business model; and in turn, facilitated building a typology based on the various existing business model frameworks. The research framework examined innovation within the business model from three perspectives: (1) The strategic level is assessed employing a matrix that examines how innovation is positioned within the business model, and identifiying business model innovation trajectories. (2) The configuration level is studied based on the Caisse and Montreuil’s tetrahedral framework. (3) The operational-tactical level is focused on key success factors and the interdependencies, herewith entitled the structuring chains. Literature on this subject is relatively new therefore a comparative case study methodology has been favoured. Three companies located in the Province of Québec, Canada have been studied. Each represents a business sector. Each has led a significant business model innovation that is clearly ICT driven. The research concludes that the concept of a business model is relevant to better understand the systemic alignment within the context of ICT implementation. A total of nine propositions are identified and have examined how companies manage business model innovation. These nine propositions constitute the bases for future research.
García, Blanco Maria del Rosario. "Le soutien à l'innovation technologique au Québec : une réponse aux besoins des PME et aux stratégies de développement régional? /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17731944R.html.
Full textGarcía, Blanco Maria del Rosario. "Le soutien à l'innovation technologique au Québec : une réponse aux besoins des PME et aux stratégies de développement régional?" Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4038/1/000104285.pdf.
Full textLietart, Armand. "Les TICE et l'innovation pédagogique dans l'enseignement supérieur : comment et pourquoi les modes de l’interaction humaine évoluent-ils dans les systèmes d’information pédagogique ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30057/document.
Full textThe ICTE (Information and Communication Technologies for Education) and the Educational Innovation in the Higher Education : Why and How Human Interaction Modes Evolve within the Pedagogical Information Systems ? ”Within the framework of the Bologna process and the evolution of the traditional practices towards more flexible ways of teaching, our ongoing research project, proposes to analyse the innovative modes of the use of the ICTE in the educational and learning process just as in the practice communities. For many years, the eLearning concept came in the common educational usage and in the educational institutions. Most of the sources we refered to, generally define it as a “learning supported by the ICT”. These are interesting definitions that link the learning process (considered as the action’s goal) with the technologies (considered most of the time as a means). This closeness in the definition doesn’t mean causality. Until now, all the research on the different forms of technologies that appeared during the last thirty years (from the Teaching Assisted by Computer TAC to interactive cd) have highlighted the importance of the educational system in which technological tools are immersed (Kadiyala & Crynes, 2000). This can explain for a large part of the current researches on the conditions of the efficiency of the information and the communication technologies, (Technology Enhanced Learning) in education (Which methods? Which systems?), and the research of the added values (Which results?). Other researches consider the technologies as a catalyst and an accelerator of the pedagogic innovation in the institutions (Liétart, 2007). In that matter, the context of the Universities of the French Community of Belgium (and/or European) is particularly interesting to investigate : the much diversified current mix of educational forms, the technological uses mainly around certain platforms such as Claroline (for many potential partners), the presence of contrasting educational disciplines, the also diversified teacher’s training, the encouragement for educational innovations, the hybrid devices …constitute at the same time a rich field and interesting variables to investigate for a better comprehension of the conditions and of the quality factors of techno-educational innovation and of the human/machine interaction
Uratnik, Miha. "Le rôle des médias sociaux dans la co-création des utilisateurs et dans l'innovation de service." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12011/document.
Full textThe pervasive availability of social media is changing how organizations interact with the user in service innovation. However, the explanation how to leverage the co-production and co-creation relationship in interactional service innovation with the social media user is missing. The integration of such interactions reveals a system of knowledge production and dissemination. The system unfolds a configuration of hypothetical interactions, namely the gap between the social media and service innovation networks across different sectors is narrowed with the interactional model and social media user in co-production and co-creation. The emphasis is on how organizations leverage the non-technological innovation and complex meta-change with social media in different environments. The research involves the exploratory sequential research; qualitative leading to the quantitative methodology. In qualitative research five companies were investigated during a long-term span. A particular qualitative methodology was used for the validation of the interactional model. However, the results lead to the quantitative validation and testing of hypotheses as theorized in the qualitative step. Companies leverage social media user for interactional service innovation with different specifics and co-produce or co-create value. The findings are hypothesized on a larger sample to confirm/refute different hypotheses. Although social media seem significant for co-creation, the findings do not follow suit. Companies do not employ the possibilities of co-creation with social media; they rather co-produce value with scarce unique interactions with social media users across different sectors
Taouil, Fatima-Zohra. "La veille technologique comme outil d'anticipation pour les politiques pour la science et l'innovation : rôle des indicateurs technologiques dans la construction des collaborations universités-entreprises au Maroc." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1095.
Full textThe purpose of this work was to provide the indicators characterizing the technological activity in Morocco. The technological production was measured by analyzing patents data extracted from a local and a global database: The OMPIC and WIPO patent database. Our study icludes patents with a moroccan priority for a period of 6 years years (2006-2010) with an application to industry as a potential user of scientific research. Building scientific and technological indicators is placed in the context of public policies to meet the socio-economic needs of the country. This research is based on a systemic and a socio-constructivist approaches to define the structural, functional and historical aspects to provide a comprehensive view of the Moroccan system of scientific and technological research. So, our study has analyzed the technological activity in three segments: companies, universities and individuals. We also studied the structure of collaboration between them and we noted mainly a lack of structuring communities in universities and companies as knowledge producers. The main technological activity emanates from individuals who are responsible for 74% of patenting activity, but only 10% of them are value-added technology. At a regional level, a technological concentration is observed in 3 regions only. we highlight the technological dependence of Morocco and put up a strategy to identify innovative clusters and university-entreprises collaboration
Chen, Jing. "Incubation d'entreprises et politique nationale de soutien à l'innovation technologique en Chine : l'exemple de la ville de Shangai (1987-2004)." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30033.
Full textThe subject of this research is that of business incubation and the structures for helping the technological innovation at a national and local level in China (example of the city of Shanghai). Faced with economic globalization and the acceleration of technological changes, the capacity of an economy or more generally of a country to innovate is a fundamental element for today and for the future, the factors contributing to innovation are considered as determiners by the political decision-makers. The incubator appears as one of the most effective tools where a favourable environment to the creation of a start-up is offered by integrating all the necessary resources. The United States is the most important and innovative country as far as business incubation is concerned. Many countries, among which China figures, have taken the American experiences for reference. Over the last few years, China has made a lot of effort in order to set up a better national innovation system. The setting up of technological incubators is one of the most important measures to promote the development of sciences and technologies and the industrialization of high and new technologies in China. The authorities at all levels (local, regional and national) grant it a particular attention. From the analysis of the Chinese national policy for supporting the technological innovation and by considering the example of the regional policy in Shanghai, we propose ways and tools for the improvement of the model used in China
Fenoglio, Philippe. "Innovation, dynamique de la différenciation verticale et tarification de l'innovation : une application aux marchés français des ordinateurs personnels : 1986-1993." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020098.
Full textThis thesis analyses the vertical relation between two markets in which producers of factors on the backward market offer innovations to incorporate in the products offer on a certically differentiated market, forward. In the frame of a monoproduct duopoly, and without any production cost, the adoption of an optimal rythm of the diffusion of innovations corresponds to the result of maximal differentiation, and allows to increase the profit of firms forward, as well as the collectif profit. The question of this thesis lies upon the fact to know if a factor remuneration to its relative contribution to the production of quality allows to the producer of an innovation to recover the surplus generated on the market forward. The adoption of a tarification close to the principle of the imputationtheory shows that this is right. Nevertheless, this implies a perfect price discrimination. The rejection of this strategic choice conduct us to confront globals supply and demand of factors, altough the demand is based on the relative contribution of quality. In this frame, producers of innovations can't recover the whole generated surplus. This dynamics implies the adoption of an optimal rythm. Yet, individuals interest conduct the industry to opt for an under-optimal rythm. For instance, and this represents an original result, the firm of lower quality accepts a maximal degree of differentiation. Thus, the principle of maximum differentiation is verified untill a certain limit, bring us back to a model "a la hotelling". The application to the french markets of personal computers shows that this one follow an under-optimal rythm. In this frame, we assist to a qualitative homogeneization of supply, weak prices, and collectif profit inferior to those that we can obtain in an optimal rythm. In this way, producers backward have a lower profitability
Mira-Bonnardel, Sylvie. "Elaboration d'une méthode de gestion des risques de développement pour maîtriser le temps de l'innovation technologique et renforcer la compétitivité de l'entreprise." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33024.
Full textThis thesis deals with the combination of two dimensions in the big industrial company : time and technology. In order to streghten their competitiveness companies have been implementing, these last years, new organisations and management methods whose objective is to reduce time in new product development. But this reduction of time to market for innovation introduces new problems in project management. To solve these problems and respect shorten time to market, managers need to implement rigourous approaches to manage time in new product development. This statement constructs the objective of the present research : the elaboration of a method to manage risks in new product development
Liu, Zeting. "L'évolution des politiques du soutien l'innovation dans les PME en France : le cas de l'Anvar." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686961.
Full textDierickx, Laurence. "La production automatisée d'informations en appui aux pratiques journalistiques: Analyse des représentations, des conditions d'association et de la structuration des usages en Belgique francophone." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/304753/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textABSTRACT The phenomenon of news automation, characterized by the process of transformation of structured data into texts in natural language or any other form of visual representation, asks the question about how it is integrated within newsrooms. If it can be considered as a finished product that will be delivered to audiences without journalistic mediation, this thesis is interested in its aspect related to the support of journalistic practices. Often associated with the metaphor of the "robot journalist," news automation encourages dual representations that reflect its challenges: either a threat against employment and professional identity or an opportunity through an enchanted vision of the reinvention of journalism. This thesis explores how journalists tackle this new form of relationship as an artefact, as a tool, that is supposed to free them from repetitive and time-consuming tasks or to provide them an additional source of information. The aims of this research project are, therefore, to understand how it will shape new professional uses, to identify the causes of resistance that could lead to non-uses, and to contribute to a better understanding of a man-machine relationship developed under tension. Considering that one cannot make use of a given technology without representing it, how will the social representations and cultural practices of journalists contribute to shaping the uses (and the non-uses) of news automation software when it is considered as a journalistic tool? This research question was examined according to two hypotheses: that of the impact of the robot metaphor, and that of the adequacy of the material productions of the artefact with journalistic know-how and requirements. The analysis is based on conceptual and theoretical frameworks proposed by the SCOT model (Social Construction of Technology) and by the French school of the sociology of uses. It is approached through an empirical study conducted within two newsrooms in French-speaking Belgium, which are radically different both in their professional culture and in their organizational structure. In these two experiences, we have followed the process of a socio-technical construction which involved journalists in the design process. Although this first form of use does not guarantee the end-use of the two automation artefacts, it does lay the groundwork for adoption. The reasons to explain the observed resistances are not necessarily related to the nature of the object. They are also to be found in a lack of interest, a form of technophobia, a lack of appetite for a data-driven approach, a questioning of the management, or the dual representation induced by the robot metaphor. The mechanism for structuring the use will, therefore, be developed through a complex process shaped by both endogenous factors linked to the organizational context and journalistic routines, and exogenous factors related to the broader frameworks of the technological imaginaries and the man-machine relationship.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Semensato, Bárbara Ilze. "Les capacités dynamiques pour l'innovation et les modèles d'internationalisation des entreprises basées sur les nouvelles technologies : une étude de cas multiple avec les PME Brésiliennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG009.
Full textThe globalization of markets and the growing international competitiveness in the last two decades have provided the entry of competing firms in the market, among which are small firms. Notably recognized for their social and economic importance, small enterprises of the industry, trade and services sectors of activity are, in numerical terms, the vast majority of businesses in Brazil. Given the importance of this object of research, this research has as general objective to explore the relationship between the innovation orientation and the internationalization patterns of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this general objective, three specific objectives are drawn, which are the study of the internationalization process and patterns of small-and-medium-sized technology based firms and the study of dynamic capabilities for innovation inherent to the distinct internationalization process and patterns of the SMEs. The dynamic capabilities for innovation drive the technological innovation development, namely, innovation in products, processes and services, also fostering the non-technological innovation development, in other words, the Marketing and the organizational. In addition, the dynamic capabilities impact positively on the competitiveness of small businesses in domestic and international markets. The theoretical basis of this research lies in the Internationalization Theories, from the Behavioral School and the Economic School, for Business Internationalization, and the Innovation Theories, referring to the Dynamic Capabilities for Innovation. In order to better understand the object of research, for each topic there is a section concerning to the SMEs. The sectoral diversity of the participants firms contributed to the magnitude of results on the dynamic capabilities for innovation of Brazilian SMEs, as well as to identify their internationalization patterns. From a qualitative study, the analysis show that Brazilian SMEs seek to differentiate through innovation in their international operating markets. Regarding the internationalization patterns of Brazilian SMEs, they differ in some criteria than shown in the literature. Therefore, the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation shows that small Brazilian companies have high potential for the innovation development, even with the existence of external barriers. Concerning the internationalization, the SMEs of the study have specific international patterns, requiring, therefore, criteria approaches in relation to literature. As academic contributions, the research presents the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation related to the pattern of internationalization of Brazilian SMEs, presenting emerging variables from the research themes. Finally, as managerial contributions, the analysis of the cases enables verifying how firms seek to position themselves competitively in international markets
Galland, Sébastien. "Le partage de l'expertise et de la connaissance technique dans le cadre de la veille stratégique : aide à l'innovation et à la prise de décision." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0010.
Full textIn a high technological context of strong competition, several companies base their strategy on innovation. Without information about new technology developments, competitors' strategy and market size, the decision-making for innovative project becomes more hazardous. So, STMicroelectronics built its strategy on innovation in order to improve the marketing of new products. To support this innovation strategy and to help the decision makers to know all necessary information to a decision-making, the STMicroelectronics Tours site has created a competitive intelligence (CI) team: the Market Intelligence. To support the innovation, the Market Intelligence is organized according to three kind of Intelligence: The Helpful Intelligence which supply information for the most part of employees The Company Area Intelligence which allow to watch the competitors, the customers, the suppliers, etc. The Project Intelligence which consists in the study of complex topics in collaboration with experts. In order to improve the first step of innovation process, the Market Intelligence team has set up a new process: the expert group approach. It was created in order to share and analyze information between experts with the aim of supporting the Management to identify new strategic trends