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Goasdone, John. "A small group study tool for the seven deadly sins, with a view toward promoting personal holiness." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Chisiza, Zindaba Dunduzu. "Deadly masculinities : towards a theatrical toolbox for exploring identity and HIV with young Malawian men." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17152/.
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My thesis examines the effectiveness of a range of participatory theatre-based methodologies as tools for enabling young men to examine and interrogate dangerous formulations of masculinity. My hypothesis was that current applications of Theatre for Development in Malawi are woefully inadequate for the purpose of meaningfully engaging with young men in order to help them stay sexually safe and to examine their understandings of Malawian masculinities. Therefore, my study primarily set out to investigate what theatre forms can be impactful for engaging with young men to explore these masculinities that increase their, and their partners, HIV risk and to enable them to define themselves as male in alternative ways that mitigate high-risk sexual behaviours and violence against women. In chapter one, I discuss the history of popular theatre in Malawi. Chapter two analyses the existing problems with the teaching of TfD at Chancellor College and NGO TfD methodologies in contemporary Malawi. In chapter three, I discuss my practical theatre-based experiments on masculinity and HIV with groups of male students from two secondary schools (Mulunguzi and Dzenza) and one university campus (Chancellor), before concluding with the findings of my research. I argue that in Malawi young men are under social pressure to perform masculinities that increase their HIV risk, and that of their partners, in order to affirm themselves as men. They do this by taking on high-risk sexual practices such as not using condoms, having multiple sex partners and being violent towards women. It is my contention that unless young men are engaged to challenge and change these ‘deadly’ constructions of masculine gender identity the disease will continue to spread. My findings show that the methodology I experimented with impacted some participants; however, in order for meaningful change to occur this work needs to be further developed and boys and girls have to be engaged using creative and critical thinking to discuss sexuality, gender and HIV.
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Murray, Andrew. "Towards a new deal understanding place through an exploration of time /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7837.
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Thesis (M. Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Podlesnigg, Clara. "Preserving Life and Resurrecting the Dead : Toward a Theory of the Biodoc." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filmvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145527.
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Every life tells a story. Film has proven to be a worthwhile medium in which individual lives can be told and thereby will be remembered. In recent years biographical documentaries telling significant life-stories, such as Amy (Asif Kapadia 2015), Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck (Brett Morgen, 2015) and Senna (Asif Kapadia, 2010) have taken over our screens. While their narrative style often alludes to common compositions of the fictional biopic, their foundation on indexical sound and imagery makes them differ radically. In this thesis theoretical implications on how to approach and understand biographical documentary within the lager scope of biographical filmmaking are discussed. Subsequently the term biodoc is suggested. It implies a close relation to the biopic without compromising documentary film's autonomy compared to fiction film. Furthermore, this thesis sets out to move toward a theory of the biodoc. By putting together a catalog of key aspects and elements common for the biodoc and discussing them in close relation to contemporary examples of the genre, this thesis provides a first theorization of a diverse and growing phenomenon in contemporary film culture.
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Turner, Julie D. "To Make America Over: The Greenbelt Towns of the New Deal." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1270068260.
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Wright, Jo. "Towards a better deal for lone parents : a feminist analysis of social policy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288470.
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Crew, Melissa Lynn. "Towards Decolonial Climate Justice: An Analysis of Green New Deal and Indigenous Perspectives." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103879.
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The Green New Deal has gained international significance as the only prominent climate legislation in the United States. The Green New Deal has also become emblematic of a larger movement for climate justice; however, further analysis of the Green New Deal and its assumptions indicates that it falls short of enacting meaningful justice for those most effected by climate change, but least responsible for causing it. This shortcoming is due to the absence of calls to decolonize. Because of the large role U.S. militarism and imperialism play in contributing to the climate crisis, decolonization must be central to climate justice projects. Marx's concept of the metabolic rift and the phenomenon of humans' separation from nature through colonial acts of dispossession and enclosure of land plays an important role in thinking through the ways the Green New Deal recognizes this same phenomenon but fails to go deeper and recognize broader implications of the metabolic rift for continued U.S. imperialism. Additionally, the rocky legacy of the environmental justice movement raises questions as to whether working with the settler state can lead to meaningful justice. Though the Green New Deal is an operation of state recognition of the climate crisis as connected to other social inequalities, it does not overcome the settler state's reliance on racial capitalism and continued exploitation of people and the environment. A climate justice program that is in fact centered on decolonization and indigenous sovereignty is available and must be supported.Master of Arts
The Green New Deal has gained international significance as the only prominent climate legislation in the United States. The Green New Deal has also become emblematic of a larger movement for climate justice; however, further analysis of the Green New Deal and its assumptions indicates that it falls short of enacting meaningful justice for those most effected by climate change, but least responsible for causing it. The project of the Green New Deal recognizes the phenomenon of humans' separation from nature and importantly seeks to connect environmental issues to social issues and assert environmental justice through state-led action. Because the Green New Deal fails to question the larger role of the U.S. military's involvement around the world and its pollution and wastefulness, it becomes complicit in the very forces that drive the climate crisis. A project of decolonization, which would involve ending U.S. military involvement at home and abroad and asserting indigenous nations' sovereignty, addresses many of the shortcomings of the Green New Deal.
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Rumar, Tove, and Larsen Ludvig Juelsson. "Towards an improvement of BLE Direction Finding accuracyusing Dead Reckoning with inertial sensors." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44776.
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Whilst GPS positioning has been a well used technology for many years in outdoor environments,a ubiquitous solution for indoor positioning is yet to be found, as GPS positioning is unreliableindoors. This thesis focuses on the combination of Inertial Sensor Dead Reckoning and positionsobtained from the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Direction Finding technique. The main objectiveis to reduce the error rate and size of a BLE Direction Finding system. The positioned object is aMicro-Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS) with an accelerometer and a gyroscope, placed on atrolley. The accelerometer and gyroscope are used to obtain an orientation, velocity vector, andin turn a position which is combined with the BLE Direction Finding position. To further reducethe error rate of the system, a Stationary Detection functionality is implemented. Because of thetrolley movement pattern causing noise in the sensor signals, and the limited sensor setup, it is notpossible to increase the accuracy of the system using the proposed method. However, the StationaryDetection is able to correctly determine a stationary state and thus decreasing error rate and powerconsumption.GPS är en väl använd teknologi sedan många år, men på grund av dess bristande precision vid inomhuspositionering, behöver en ny teknologi för detta område hittas. Denna studie är fokuserad på Dead Reckoning som ett stöd till ett Bluetooth Direction Finding positioneringssystem. Det främsta målet är att minska felfrekvensen och felstorleken i BLE Direction Finding systemet. Föremålet som positioneras är en Micro-Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS) med en accelerometer och ett gyroskop, placerad på en vagn. Accelerometern och gyroskopet används för att erhålla en orientering, hastighetsvektor och därefter en position som kombineras med den position som ges av BLE Direction Finding. För att minska felfrekvensen ytterligare hos systemet, implementeras en funktionalitet som detekterar om MEMS-enheten är stillastående, kallad Stationary Detection. På grund av vagnens rörelsemönster, som bidrar till brus hos sensorsignalerna, samt den begränsade sensorkonfigurationen, är det inte möjligt att förbättra systemets precision med den föreslagna metoden. Dock kan Stationary Detection korrekt fastställa ett stationärt tillstånd och därmed minska felfrekvensen och energiförbrukningen för enheten.
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Naeem, Usra. "Estimating dead space ventilation : a computational modelling approach towards evaluation of clinical estimates of dead space fraction in critically ill patients." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51774/.
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Dead space is the part of tidal volume that does not participate in gas exchange and represents wasted ventilation. It is often increased in pulmonary diseases. Quantification of dead space by the original Bohr’s equation requires measuring mean alveolar pressure of CO2 (PACO2) and mixed expired partial pressure of CO2 (PĒCO2). Because of the difficulties and technical issues related with measuring PACO2 and PĒCO2, alternative methods have been proposed for the estimation of dead space. This thesis attempts to explore the performance of some methods proposed for the estimation of dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) in different pulmonary configurations and clinical scenarios. In the first study, we compared the performance of 5 different methods for the estimation VD/VT with the gold standard method in multiple ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) relationships. Six pulmonary configurations all with same alveolar dead space fraction of 0.25, but with different specific pattern of V/Q distribution were created within the Nottingham Physiology Simulator (NPS). Next, variations in the methods of estimating VD/VT upon varying 4 physiological factors were analysed. We concluded that the estimation of alveolar dead space ratio by 5 methods of estimating VD/VT is influenced by pattern of V/Q distribution and alterations in the relevant physiological factors. In the second study, we further analysed performance of 5 methods for estimating dead space ratio in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nineteen ARDS subjects were created within the NPS and alveolar dead space fraction was measured by the gold standard method. Then, dead space fraction was determined by 5 different methods for estimating dead space fraction. We found that the estimates of dead space fraction measure different than the conventional equation in ARDS. In the third study, we compared efficacy of three lung recruitment maneuvers (RMs) in patients with ARDS. Six virtual ARDS patients were created and changes in dead space fraction, (Pa-E’CO2)/PaCO2 and other parameters were observed following the RMs. The results of this study showed that changes in (Pa-E’CO2)/PaCO2 closely relate with changes in VD/VT. These findings suggest that in clinical settings where it is not possible to measure dead space fraction, a simple estimate of VD/VT may be used to monitor the efficacy of RMs and titration of positive end-expiratory pressure. Simplified approaches for the estimation of dead space fraction may allow widespread use of this important physiological variable for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in critical care settings.
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Hatzinger, Kyle J. "Establishing the American Way of Death: World War I and the Foundation of the United States’ Policy Toward the Repatriation and Burial of Its Battlefield Dead." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804852/.
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This thesis examines the policies and procedures created during and after the First World War that provided the foundation for how the United States commemorated its war dead for the next century. Many of the techniques used in modern times date back to the Great War. However, one hundred years earlier, America possessed very few methods or even ideas about how to locate, identify, repatriate, and honor its military personnel that died during foreign conflicts. These ideas were not conceived in the halls of government buildings. On the contrary, concerned citizens originated many of the concepts later codified by the American government. This paper draws extensively upon archival documents, newspapers, and published primary sources to trace the history of America’s burial and repatriation policies, the Army Graves Registration Services, and how American dead came to permanently rest in military cemeteries on the continent of Europe. The unprecedented dilemma of over 80,000 American soldiers buried in France and surrounding countries at the conclusion of the First World War in 1918 propelled the United States to solve many social, political, and military problems that arose over the final disposition of those remains. The solutions to those problems became the foundation for how America would repatriate, honor, and mourn its military dead for the next century. Some of these battles persist even today as the nation tries to grapple with the proper way to commemorate the nation’s participation in the First World War on the eve of the conflict’s centennial.
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Fitchett, Michael. "Towards an enabling state? : work and employment in state-citizen relations in England 1880-2007." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13651.
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This study represents the intellectual biography of an idea. That idea is the Welfare to Work regime of the New Labour government of Tony Blair over the period 1997 to 2007. This Welfare to Work regime is situated within a concept of an Enabling State developed in speeches by New Labour Ministers, particularly Blair, Gordon Brown, David Blunkett and the brothers Ed and David Miliband. The study elaborates the concept of 'enabling', traces its origins back, partly to the debates at Putney at the end of the English Civil War, partly through working-class history, and partly through the transformation of Gladstonian Liberalism wrought by New Liberals such as T.H. Green, L.T. Hobhouse and J.A. Hobson between 1880 and 1914. lt will argue that New Labour can be understood only by reference back to these origins. The study will also define the Enabling State by defining its opposite, the Disabling State created, albeit unintentionally, by the Conservatives between 1979 and 1997. The study employs a subset of Discourse Analysis, Speech Act Theory, to study the Labour speeches, since there has yet not been elaborated a 'theory of the Enabling State'. A participant observation is also employed to discuss how 'enabling' works at the level of individuals. The study is an attempt to 'read history backwards' as it were: to define the enabling state as it exists now, at least at the level of rhetoric, and then, as practical history, to trace lead ideas back to their sources, and to find antecedents: not cause and effect, for that is too difficult, but to find practices, traditions, concepts and discourse on which New Labour have been able to draw. This study will argue that, far from abandoning traditional Labour values, New Labour has found new ways to realise them.
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Sitshebo, Wilson T. "Towards a theological synthesis of Christian and Shona views of death and the dead : implications for pastoral care in the Anglican diocese of Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2821/.
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In this contextual study I investigate why and how the traditional approach to mission, engaged by Anglican missionaries, gave rise to a dual observance of ritual among Shona Anglican Christians. I begin by establishing the significance and essence of Shona views of death and the dead, then investigate the missionaries' historical background. I highlight that Christian arrogance, in the guise of racial superiority, underlies the confrontational and condemnatory approach. Traditional views were considered evil, in their place, Shona converts were forced to adopt western Christian views as the only acceptable and valid way of coping with this eschatological reality. These views did not usually fit the Shona worldviews and religious outlook, hence the adoption of dual observance. For some, life continues to be classified as either Christian or traditional and never both. However, some present Shona Anglican practices reflect a desire to integrate the two. Unless there is this integration, the Church remains other and irrelevant to the Shona people. The ultimate aim of this thesis is to advocate for a theological synthesis of Christian and Shona traditional views. I argue that such a synthesis, patterned on the interactive dialogical model, could lead to the cessation of confrontation and condemnation and its attendant dual observance, and enhance the development of a Shona Christian theology of death and the dead which provides for relevant and sensitive pastoral care.
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Kanter, David, and Oskar Källström. ""Wanna browse for some Black Friday deals?" : An exploratory research uncovering meanings of Utilitarian and Hedonic motivation of Swedish consumers towards online shopping on consumption events with Black Friday Weekend as empirical example." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43799.
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Background: Most current research on consumption events like Black Friday has been done in an US context. Black Friday do not have any cultural heritage or any other social connection to Sweden, however, it is already considered as the second most significant sales opportunity annually in the country. Additionally, research has confirmed that online retailing has been faster than offline retailing regarding adoption to consumption events. Therefore, to qualitatively investigate motivation towards Black Friday consumption online, in a Swedish context, would provide new insight in the field. Purpose: This research serves to contribute to the research of motivation towards consumption events online, viewed upon from the consumers perspective. By uncover meanings for utilitarian and hedonic motivation dimensions towards consumption events online, using Black Friday Weekend as an empirical example, this research aims to, besides adding to previous research, clarify ambiguous situations and provide valuable insights for online retailers that may lead to potential business opportunities. Method: In order to achieve in-depth understanding of the topic, a qualitative study with exploratory design was conducted. Data was gathered through focus group interviews with participants chosen through a purposive sampling technique. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis which generated the empirical findings. Conclusion: Throughout this research, sixteen themes related to motivation emerged, eight utilitarian and eight hedonic. The themes offer more accuracy and a deepened understanding of motivation towards consumption events online for the empirical foundation researched by explaining meanings of the motivation dimensions in this particular context, namely Black Friday Weekend in Sweden.
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Nowak, Steve. "On Historical Missions and Modern Phenomena: A Comparison of Germany and the USA on their Way towards the Second World War." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1708.
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There are surprisingly detailed similarities between Germany and the USA on their way towards the Second World War. In this paper, I have compared the nations' expansionist philosophies, their encounter with racism, and the internal conflicts between authoritarian leadership and democracy.
I began with an overview of Manifest Destiny and the German myth of the East. Next, I summed up the deep changes that the First World War caused for both societies and how they went into the Great Depression. I examined the rise of scientific racism as part of the international eugenics movement and the emergence of populist leaders during the economic crisis.
It became clear that neither expansionism nor racism were genuine German ideologies. In fact, the American Manifest Destiny served as a role-model for German plans in the East. Even the racist concepts of the Third Reich were strongly influenced by American scientists. The main difference seems to be the experience with the First World War and the diversity of American protest during the crisis.
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LIANG, TING-YU, and 梁廷毓. "Liminality of Spectral： Toward the Nether-geographies of Being-dead." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/998w32.
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碩士國立臺北藝術大學
藝術跨域研究所
107
Beginning with the discussion of the concept of ‘spectre’ before expanding onto the exploration of ‘spirit photography’ and the ‘blindfold taoist ritual’, the article reflects on the narration of the image and the discourse of cultural studies in the context of contemporary art. The ‘ghost story book’ serves as a case study for contemporary art practice, examining the relationship between archives, ghosts and the local through the idea of ‘ghost archive’. In this way, the idea of pháinn-mi̍’ is proposed to carry out a reflection on a methodology for narration on ghosts as well as the relationship between them and the modern society, emphasising on the consistent presence of ghosts in geographical spaces. Events and locations of recent accidents interpreted as ‘zhua jiaoti (catching replacements)’ or ‘sang bah-tsang (a ritual regarding)’ are taken as examples to explore ghosts of incidental and unintentional deaths as well as the ‘being-dead’ concept implied in related art projects. Through the absence of gods and the metaphors of monsters and youkais, the article ultimately investigates the interactions between ‘mo-sin-á’and the‘undead’ within the human environment, on one hand, aiming at adopting nether-geographies’ as a method for imagining liminal spaces, while on the other hand, re-establishing the practical knowledge and ecological relationships that belong to neither the human nor the spirit world.
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Tseng, Chi-Ming, and 曾啟明. "The Effects of Promotion Framing and Deal Proneness on Attitudes toward Sales Promotion." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44632776135246389072.
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碩士國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
102
Sales promotions have played an important role in the promotional strategies. Sales promotions can be classified roughly to price-oriented and none price-oriented promotions. Prior researches proposed that none price-oriented promotions were better in eliciting consumer''s favorable brand attitude than price-oriented promotions. Thus, using non-monetary promotions is an important strategy for valued brand enterprises. Moreover, none price-oriented promotions can be framed in different format, such as certainty vs. uncertainty. In addition to promotion framing, this study also considers the deal proneness as an important moderator. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to explore the interplay effects of promotion framing and deal proneness on attitudes toward sales promotions. This study conducted two experiments to verify the hypotheses. Study 1: A 2 (promotion framing: points-identical vs. points-magnify) 2 (deal proneness: high vs. low) between-subject design was employed. Study 2: A 2 (promotion framing: certain incentive vs. uncertain incentive) 2 (deal proneness: high vs. low) between-subject design was adopted. The deal proneness was a measured psychological variable and dependent variable was attitudes toward sales promotions. The results revealed that high deal-prone consumers will induce more positive attitudes toward sales promotions for points-identical incentive than for points-magnify incentive. On the other hand, in the conditions of points-identical incentive, high deal-prone consumers will raise more positive attitudes toward sales promotions for certain incentive than for uncertain incentive. Finally, when consumers with the low levels of deal proneness, their attitudes toward sales promotions were not influenced by any promotion framing. In terms of the practical implications for promotion framing, this study shows that for the high deal prone consumers, if marketers use points as premium to promote the product, the points unit equals to the local currency is more effective than points-magnify (expanded scale). Moreover, they prefer certain incentive as premium than uncertain incentive, such as scratch card. On the other hand, for the low levels of deal proneness consumers who are not sensitive to any promotion framing, thus, marketers should communicate the product quality and brand image to them.
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Mutitu, Maria Wanjugu. "Feeling the race issue: how teachers of colour deal with acts of racism towards them." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3021.
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Inspired by my own struggles with racism, this narrative and phenomenology study investigated how teachers of colour in the Canadian schooling system dealt with the pain of racism and how this process informed their teaching practice. I addressed this issue of racism and its relevance to the schooling process from an anti-racist theory of education theoretical framework. The study comprised of six women of colour who shared their experiences with racism through written narratives, face to face interviews, as well as electronic communications. While the study focused on the schooling experiences of the teachers, their narratives comprised of holistic experiences that included experiences in the schooling system as well as the general society. The data collected, revealed the following themes as central to the questions of the study: Knowledge of cultural, family, and political history gave the participants strength to stand against racism. However, most of the women carried the shame of being and knowing they were different. Trying to attain a form of standardized beauty was an ongoing struggle for the participants. All participants pointed to one teacher whose care was instrumental to their choice to become teachers. To the participants getting a good education was more important than worrying or paying attention to the pain of racism. However, all but one of the participants admitted to receiving treatment for racism related anxiety. Finally, the participants shared that by participating in the arts or having personal faith and beliefs was helpful tool that helped them negotiate the worlds of their cultural beliefs and traditions and that of mainstream (White society) society.
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Okyere-Manu, Benson. "Engaging the fertile silence: towards a culturally sensitive model for deal with HIV and AIDS silence." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11399.
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This thesis critically examines one of the major hindrances to dealing adequately with the HIV and AIDS problem facing Africa – the issue of silence. The study has examined the hypothesis that there are cultural factors underlying the silence that surrounds the disease, which when investigated and identified, will provide cues for breaking the silence and a
way forward for dealing with the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The study utilises the concept of ‘cultural context’ proposed by Hall and ‘dimensions of culture’ postulated by Hofstede, to investigate the cultural reasons behind the HIV and AIDS silence among the Zulu people in and around Pietermaritzburg in the Kwazulu Natal province of South Africa. Testing these theories in the field with participants in a community-based HIV and AIDS Project called the Community Care Project (CCP) the study found that cultural contexts
strongly influence silence around HIV and AIDS. In terms of dimensions of culture, the area was found to exhibit high power distance, low uncertainty avoidance, high collectivism and is feminine in nature in terms of assertiveness, but having high gender inequality (high masculinity in terms of gender egalitarianism). The analysis of the results of the field research revealed that each of the dimensions of culture contributes in various ways to the silence around HIV and AIDS. The study argues that there are two kinds of silence, namely barren silence and fertile silence, existing on a continuum. In a low context culture, barren silence is the silence that exists as absence, because when people do not talk about the issue, then there is no communication at all about the issue. In a high context culture, fertile silence is the silence that exists as presence, because when people do not talk about the issue at hand, they may still be communicating about it – either through non-verbal signs, or through coded language.
The concepts of barren and fertile silence provide new insights into the issues of stigma and discrimination. Reasons for the silence included stigma, rejection, gossip, witchcraft, shame, blame, discrimination, secrecy, judgement, suspicion and taboo. It was found that each of the themes had something to do with stigma and discrimination, and lead to
infected persons keeping silent about their HIV and AIDS status.
In the final chapter, the research shows that when an intervention such as CCP takes the question of fertile silence seriously, then it is much easier to break the silence around HIV and AIDS and to deal with stigma and discrimination. The research therefore concludes that the concept of ‘Fertile Silence’ and ‘Barren Silence’ has provided us with clues as to how to ‘break the silence’ around HIV and AIDS in a high context culture such as that of Africa.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.
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Hong, Jian-kun, and 洪建坤. "Toward Holistic Healing: The Devastation of Colonial Dis-ease and the Emergence of Tribal Medicine in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63986503024073902484.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
92
This thesis intends to read Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead as a novel of disease in relation to tribal healings. I particularly emphasize how the discourse of disease in tribal context can serve as a strategy of Silko’s writing against hegemonic European culture. And also, I intend to analyze how disease can serve as an allegory culminating the end of European culture, a transition when European culture begins to fall and Native American values as repressed one can emerge. To read disease in tribal context, my thesis falls into five chapters. Chapter one is introduction, while chapter two identifies diseases as caused by the intrusion of ghost spirits, or the spirits of the ones who died in the past slaughter history. In her uncanny writings, Silko instructs her readers to recognize the harsh colonialism and its impact on the present. In so doing, Silko deploys disease as a contesting ground against hegemonic European culture while negating the past slaughter history with the present time condition. In Chapter three, I identify the Spirit of the Mother Earth in tribal medicine as the provider of spiritual resilience against brutal colonialism. Although the site of the earth is demolished by the colonizers, the intactness of the Spirit of the Mother Earth, contextualized in the ancient almanac in the novel, can never be desecrated. Through the spirit of the Snake, the Spirit of the Mother Earth informs the people of the fact that the world is going to shift. And this shift begins on the levels of the spirits. It begins when those colonizers who don’t recognize the devastative power of witchery perish gradually due to the infliction of diseases caused by ghost spirits. Chapter four draws attention to how the revolutionists disguised as medicine men/women appropriate tribal medicine coarsely and lead the diseased patients into bloodshed. Although the knowledge of tribal medicine is misused throughout the novel, the success of these false healers does suggest the society of the Americas with European as its hegemonic center has already been degenerated. And I analyze how the phenomenon of pseudo-healers as a sign resonating with the end of European culture predicted in the ancient almanac and read it as the transitional moment when Native American values begin to emerge. Chapter five is conclusion.