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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Deafness, Noise induced – Namibia'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Barrion, Irene M. "Exploring risk factors associated with potential hearing loss in Namibian Class A mines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96821.

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Thesis (MAud)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In developing countries, like Namibia, there is limited data pertaining to the number of individuals with hearing loss and its associated factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of potential hearing loss in Namibian Class A mines and to describe the extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with hearing loss. A cross-sectional design was utilised and data were collected from 132 respondents (mining employees) from five different Class A mines throughout the country. A questionnaire and a retrospective review of respondents’ medical records were utilised to determine the risk factors. The most recent audiogram found in the respondents’ records was used to determine the presence of potential hearing loss. Three definitions of potential hearing loss were used in this study and included all major frequency hearing loss (AFHL), high frequency hearing loss (HFHL) and low frequency hearing loss (LFHL). Potential hearing loss was identified when the pure tone average (PTA) of 0.5, 1, 2, & 4kHz, 0.5, 1 & 2kHz and 4 & 8kHz respectively was greater than 25dBHL in either one or both ears. Chi-square measurements or, where necessary, Fisher’s exact tests, as well as Odds Ratios were used for the analysis of data. In general a significance level of 5% was applied for all analyses. Results indicated the prevalence of potential hearing loss in Namibian mining employees to be 27% and that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors were associated with hearing loss. The extrinsic factors significantly associated with potential hearing loss were both occupational and medical. The occupational factors found to be significant were the number of years employed in whole life >10 years (p=0.012; OR=3.1, 95% CI=1.3-7.9), the number of years employed in current job > 10 years (p=0.01; OR=3.9, 95% CI1.7-8.8) and the non-availability of formal training in prevention of hearing loss (p=0.022; OR=0.3, 95% CI (0.1-0.9). Diabetes was the sole significant extrinsic medical factor (p=0.035, OR=5, 95% CI 1.1-22.1). The only intrinsic factor which was found to be significantly associated with hearing loss was Age, specifically being older than 40 years (p=0.002; OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.6-7.8) and 50 years (p=0.001, OR=5.5, 95% CI1.9-15.8). A multiple logistic regression model of all significant factors found that only no formal training of prevention of hearing loss was found to be significant in the presence of all other factors (p=0.036, OR=0.036, 95% 0.1-0.92). Findings from this study suggest that multiple factors may be associated with potential hearing loss and not just the exposure to hazardous occupational conditions. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice should, therefore, include thorough investigations into the aetiology of hearing loss. As this study focused on Class A mines, it is recommended that future research be conducted in other mines that are not categorised as Class A mines. Keywords: prevalence, extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors, extrinsic occupational factors, extrinsic social factors, extrinsic medical factors, potential hearing loss, mining industry, Class A mine, Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ontwikkelende lande, soos Namibië, is daar beperkte data met betrekking tot die aantal individue met gehoorverlies en sy verwante faktore. Hierdie studie het gepoog om die voorkoms van gehoorverlies in Namibiese Klas A myne te bepaal en die ekstrinsieke en intrinsieke faktore wat verband hou met potensiale gehoorverlies te beskryf. 'n Deursnee-ontwerp is gebruik en data is ingesamel uit 132 respondente (mynbou werknemers), uit vyf verskillende Klas A myne regdeur die land. 'n Vraelys en 'n retrospektiewe oorsig van die respondente se mediese rekords is gebruik om die risiko faktore te bepaal. Die mees onlangse oudiogram wat in die respondente se rekords gevind is, is gebruik om die teenwoordigheid van potensiale gehoorverlies te bepaal. Drie definisies van potensiale gehoorverlies is gebruik in hierdie studie, ingesluit al die groot frekwensie gehoorverliese (AFHL), hoë frekwensie gehoorverlies (HFHL) en 'n lae frekwensie gehoorverlies (LFHL). ‘n Gehoorverlies was teenwoordig wanneer die suiwer toon gemiddelde (PTA van 0.5 , 1 , 2, & 4kHz , 0.5, 1 & 2kHz en 4 & 8kHz onderskeidelik , groter was as 25dBHL in een of albei ore. Chi -square metings of, waar nodig, Fisher se presiese toetse, asook kans verhoudings is gebruik vir die ontleding van data. In die algemeen is 'n beduidendeidsvlak van 5% gebruik en toegepas vir al die ontledings. Resultate het aangedui die voorkoms van gehoorverlies in Namibiese mynbouwerknemers tot 27 % was en dat beide ekstrinsieke en intrinsieke faktore ‘n verband toon met potensiaal gehoorverlies. Die ekstrinsieke faktore wat ‘n beduidende verband getoon het met gehoorverlies was albei beroeps- en mediese faktore. Die beroepsfaktore wat betekenisvol was, was die aantal jare diens in hele lewe > 10 jaar ( p = 0,012 ; OR = 3.1 , 95 % CI = 1.3-7.9) , die aantal jare in huidige pos> 10 jaar diens (p = 0,01 ; OF = 3.9 , 95 % CI1.7-8.8 ) en die onbeskikbaarheid van formele opleiding in die voorkoming van potensiaal gehoorverlies (p = 0,022 ; OF = 0,3 , 95 % CI ( 0,1-0,9 ). Diabetes was die enigste beduidende ekstrinsieke mediese faktor (p = 0,035 , OR = 5 , 95 % CI 1,1-22,1 ). Die enigste intrinsieke faktor watbeduidend was en verband hou met gehoorverlies was ouderdom, spesifiek om ouer as 40 jaar ( p = 0,002 ; OF = 3.5 , 95 % CI 1,6-7,8 ) en 50 jaar ( p = 0.001 , OR = 5.5 , 95 % CI1.9-15.8 ) te wees. 'n Veelvuldige regressie model van alle beduidende faktore het bevind dat slegs geen formele opleiding in die voorkoming van gerhoor verlies beduidende was in die teenwoordigheid van al die ander faktore ( p = 0,036 , OR = 0,036 , 95 % 0,1-0,92 ) . Bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat verskeie faktore geassosieer kan word met gehoorverlies en nie net die blootstelling aan gevaarlike beroepstoestande nie. Aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing en kliniese praktyk moet dus 'n grondige ondersoek na die etiologie van gehoorverlies uitvoer. Aangesien hierdie studie gefokus het op die Klas A- myne , word dit aanbeveel dat toekomstige navorsing gedoen word in ander myne wat nie gekategoriseer is as Klas A myne nie. Sleutelwoorde: Voorkoms, ekstrinsieke faktore, instrinsieke faktore, ekstrinsieke beroepsfaktore, ekstrinsieke sosiale faktore, ekstrinsieke mediese faktore, potensiale gehoorverlies, Klas A myn, Namibië.
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2

Cheung, Mei-chi Dilys. "Noise-induced hearing loss : conservation and effects /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709223.

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3

Cheung, Mei-chi Dilys, and 張美詞. "Noise-induced hearing loss: conservation and effects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253106.

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4

Muthelo, Livhuwani. "Factors that contribute to noise-induced hearing loss amongst employees at the Bokoni Platinum Mine in the Sekhukhune District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2019.

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5

He, Chenjin, and 何晨瑾. "A systematic review on noise-induced hearing loss prevention and conservation programs in children and adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193842.

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Children suffering from noise-induced hearing loss could have disease burden such as communication difficulties, frustration, isolation as well as impaired self-cognition due to different degrees of hearing loss. Lack of hearing protection was the easiest way to tackle among the risk factors. Hence, the aim of this review is to review and synthesize existing evidence to show the effects of hearing conservation programs targeted on children and adolescents. Six studies included meeting strict requirements of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Significant improvements were shown in knowledge, attitude, intended behavior as well as hearing protective devices use regarding educational programs. However, limited effective consequence was shown in terms of audiometric threshold testing, thus, indicating limited effectiveness of educational programs in noise-induced hearing loss prevention. The results of hearing conservation programs were illustrated in details. And limitations as well as implications were discussed.
published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
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6

Edwards, Anita Kynne. "Characteristics of noise induced hearing loss in gold miners." Pretoria : [s.n, 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05062009-123505.

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7

Goel, Eyal. "Noise-induced hearing loss in aerobic class goers : a longitudinal study with pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Communication Disorders, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2605.

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At-risk hearing conditions in various aerobic classes in different gymnasiums were identified and the hearing of aerobic class goers monitored to provide information for an improved understanding of noise-induced hearing loss. Hearing levels were monitored over time for four comparison groups, including regular attendees of aerobic classes with an average noise level above 85 dBA (“High-Risk” group), regular attendees of aerobic classes with an average noise level below 85 dBA (“Low-Risk” group), non-gym goers attending one “High-Risk” aerobic class with hearing protection (“Control with HP” group), and non-gym goers attending one “High-Risk” aerobic class without hearing protection (“Control without HP” group). Each comparison group consisted of three to five males and three to five females, aged between 18 to 50 years. Measurements of pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were obtained from before and immediately after participation in one class and 48 hours and 30 days after the initial test. Noise levels in many aerobic classes (77%) were found to be higher than 85 dBA and might have led to signs of hearing deterioration as shown mostly in the reduction of the activities of outer hair cells and sometimes in the shift of hearing threshold. The “High-Risk” group exhibited the largest reduction of DPOAEs amplitudes over time. The “Control without HP” group generally exhibited a larger degree of reduction in DPOAEs amplitudes immediately after exposure as compared with the “Control with HP” group. Measurement of DPOAEs levels appeared to be a more sensitive tool than PTA in detecting early signs of hearing deterioration related to noise exposure.
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8

Huang, Yuzhang, and 黄羽张. "Effect of earplug use and factors associated with noise induced hearing loss among occupational workers in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48423397.

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Background: Noise is one of the most important forms of environmental pollution among developed and developing countries. A report from UK National Study of Hearing estimated that around 440 million people suffer from noise induced hearing loss in EU countries with 1–1.6 million disability-adjusted life year lost. In China, the Second China National Sample Survey on disability in 2007 revealed that about 27.8 million people suffered from hearing impairment, and 73.4% of which (about 20 million) were diagnosed with disability. The prevalence of hearing impairment was estimated to be 2.1% in the general population, and increased to 11.0% among those aged greater than 65 years. Objective: To find out the effect of earplug on noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), as well as understanding the source and exposure of noise in the industry, to estimate the prevalence of NIHL in factories with noise exposure, to analyze relationships between NIHL and age, sex, dose and duration of occupational noise exposure, type of work, use of hearing protection products, education level and other factors. Significant risk factors identified were used to provide evidence-based recommendations in prevention and control of NIHL. Study Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study Method: A total of 1874 workers exposed to noise in a compressor factory in Guangzhou, China were included. Between September 2011 and January 2012, physical examination including a screening program of hearing loss, pure tone audiometry test were carried out among workers including information on age, sex, work types, noise exposure level, exposure time, as well as the questionnaire about earplug using status, status of using ear products report by company, smoking status, education level, discharge of ear, history of herpes zoster, history of using ototoxic drugs, history of ear surgery, family history of NIHL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure. The outcome variable is the audiometric mean value which reflects hearing status of the subjects. Subgroup differences in mean value of audiometry were compared by independent sample t-test. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between earplug use and NIHL, adjusted for other potential confounders. Factors associated with earplug use were also identified. Result: 1873 workers took part in the study (both physical examination and questionnaire) The prevalence of NIHL is 381 (20.3%) from study, and an average noise level of 83.5 dB was detected in the factory across different types of working place. The pure tone audiometric mean value (PTA) is 26.7 dB with a standard deviation of 4.8. The mean PTA value for those using earplug is 25.81 dB, which was significantly lower than those not using earplug with a mean PTA value of 1.54 dB (p < 0.001). A 0.962 mean difference is detected between noncontinuous earplug usage group and continuous usage group. Multiple linear regression model showed a dose response effect in use of earplug on NIHL, with an estimated mean PTA 1.49 dB (p-value <0.001) and 0.96 dB (p-value = 0.001) lower than those not using earplug at all. Hearing protective effect with part of dose response relationship is found in education level groups as well. Workers from technical school have a 5.974 dB lower of mean PTA, where the decrease is 3.909 dB in high school group, reference of primary level. Moreover, ever smokers show 1.557 dB higher on reference as nonsmoker. Other significant results can be found in family history of NIHL, ototoxic drug using, with statistical significant, respectively, with the direction of positive to NIHL, which shows harmful effect on workers’ hearing. Multivariable logistic regression model is used to find out factors associated with earplug usage. In the model, higher education level is found to be associated with higher earplug usage, especially among participants from technical schools, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 34.07, whereas those from high school group have an AOR of 12.35.(With Primary school group being the reference group.) Workers whose daily tasks involve phosphorus board, punching press, compressor are found to have a relatively low percentage on earplug usage compliance, with AOR of 0.55, 0.41, 0.23 respectively. (Those from machine shops are used as the reference group.) The result is in accordance with their positive correlation on NIHL. Conclusion: Use of earplug was found to be protective to NIHL. Factors such as education level, smoking status, discharge of ear, family history of NIHL and certain types of work were found to be associated with lower risk of NIHL. To protect hearing of the workers and reduce NIHL prevalence, provision of and education on hearing protection products and supervision of continuous use of earplug in noise exposed industry should be implemented. Occupational health monitoring to the enterprises should be enhanced by health sectors of Chinese government. Due to the limitation of retrospective design of this dissertation, further cohort studies are called for to provide stronger evidence of factors’ effect on NIHL.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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9

Chan, Sze-wen Vanessa. "Occupational hearing loss in Hong Kong : screening with distortion product otoacoustic emission /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2200838X.

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10

Niall, Paul Damien. "The effects of industrial ototoxic agents and noise on hearing." Thesis, Electronic version, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/31931.

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Thesis (M. Sc.) -- University College London, 1998.
A project submitted (to the Institute of Laryngology and Otology) as a requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Audiological Medicine, University College London. Bibliography: leaves 83-101.
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11

Clark, Adele Laura. "Otoacoustic emission testing in the early identification of noise-induced hearing loss in South African mineworkers." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182005-083703.

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Tsui, Mei-sze Betty. "The application of cortical evoked response audiometry in the diagnosis of occupational deafness compensation applicants in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22008366.

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13

Wong, Man-kit Bernard. "An evaluation study of hearing conservation measures and the effects of industrial noise in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25436065.

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Chan, Sze-wen Vanessa, and 陳思韻. "Occupational hearing loss in Hong Kong: screening with distortion product otoacoustic emission." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251067.

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So, Yeuk-hon John. "Impact of personal stereo system on hearing among young adults in Hong Kong : evoked otoacoustic emission measures /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22041291.

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16

Habig, Amanda. "The clinical value of immittance testing in the identification of middle ear pathology in South African mineworkers." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182005-085508.

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17

De, Koker Elizabeth. "The clinical value of auditory steady state responses in the audiological assessment of pseudohypacusic workers with noise-induced hearing loss in the South African mining industry." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10152004-102003.

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18

Carlsson, Per-Inge. "Hearing impairment and deafness : genetic and environmental factors - interactions - consequences : a clinical audiological approach /." Örebro : Örebro University : University Library, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94.

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19

Kabat, Brenda Barrett. "A comparison of two methods for measuring the attenuation provided by insert-type hearing protection devices." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4067.

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The need for hearing protection in industry has evolved from the growing awareness of the detrimental effects of noise on hearing and recent legislation enacted to protect the hearing of noise-exposed employees through the use of hearing conservation programs. In lieu of expensive or impractical engineering and administrative controls, personal hearing protection devices (HPDs) are considered to be the most practical and effective means of protecting employees from the damaging effects of noise in industry today.
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20

Powell, Jason W. "Predictive Modeling for Persuasive Ambient Technology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804947/.

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Computer scientists are increasingly aware of the power of ubiquitous computing systems that can display information in and about the user's environment. One sub category of ubiquitous computing is persuasive ambient information systems that involve an informative display transitioning between the periphery and center of attention. The goal of this ambient technology is to produce a behavior change, implying that a display must be informative, unobtrusive, and persuasive. While a significant body of research exists on ambient technology, previous research has not fully explored the different measures to identify behavior change, evaluation techniques for linking design characteristics to visual effectiveness, nor the use of short-term goals to affect long-term behavior change. This study uses the unique context of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among collegiate musicians to explore these issues through developing the MIHL Reduction Feedback System that collects real-time data, translates it into visuals for music classrooms, provides predictive outcomes for goalsetting persuasion, and provides statistical measures of behavior change.
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Tsui, Mei-sze Betty, and 崔美詩. "The application of cortical evoked response audiometry in the diagnosis of occupational deafness compensation applicants in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251122.

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22

Newland-Nell, Annette Caroline. "Using distortion product otoacoustic emissions to investigate the efficacy of personal hearing protection." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03032004-104906.

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23

Wong, Man-kit Bernard, and 黃文傑. "An evaluation study of hearing conservation measures and the effects of industrial noise in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255358.

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24

Pisano, Joseph M. "A description of high school band directors' hearing functions and exposure to sound pressure levels." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1197327790.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 31, 2008). Advisor: Linda B. Walker. Keywords: music, hearing, band directors, teachers, audiology, spl, musicians. Includes survery instrument. Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-182).
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So, Yeuk-hon John, and 蘇約翰. "Impact of personal stereo system on hearing among young adults in HongKong: evoked otoacoustic emission measures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251109.

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26

Sidley, Clive Graham. "Prevalence of tinnitus and hearing loss in South African dentists and investigation into possible connections with noise levels and frequencies in the dental environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50067.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether there could be a connection between noise levels in a dental environment and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in a sample of South African dentists. This took the form of a questionnaire sent to dentists in the Central Gauteng and Cape Western areas, followed by the measurement of noise emissions of airotor / air-turbine handpieces.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Ondersoek is geloods om te bepaal of daar 'n verband bestaan tussen die geraas vlakke in 'n tandheelkundige omgewing en Geraas Geïnduseerde Gehoor Verlies ("Noise Induced Hearing Loss") in 'n groep Suid-Afrikaanse tandartse. Die ondersoek het bestaan uit 'n vraelys wat tandaartse in Sentraal Gauteng en die Wes Kaap voltooi het, opgevolg deur die meting of registrasie van geraas vlakke veroorsaak deur lugturbine handstukke.
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Biagio, Leigh. "Slow cortical auditory evoked potentials and auditory steady-state evoked responses in adults exposed to occupational noise." Diss., Pretoria : [s. n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02222010-133535.

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Rowley, Suzanne A. "Hearing protection a means to health promotion : a research project to satisfy ... Master of Science (Community Health Nursing/Occupational Nursing) /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68795319.html.

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Madahana, Milka C. I. "A Port Hamiltonian model of the human outer, middle and inner ear, and its application." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29048.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in ful lment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, Johannesburg, September 2019
The objective of this research was to develop an integrated Port Hamiltonian model of the human outer, middle and inner ear. The developed Port Hamiltonian model of the human ear is based on the Dirac structure. The outer, middle and inner ear are developed in segments, tested and validated prior to the system being coupled. The outer, middle and inner ear are validated against existing literature and the results are found to be comparable. The application of the developed Port Hamiltonian model is illustrated using a developed feedback based noise policy management model for mine workers. This feedback based measurement system can be used to monitor mine workers in the mines hence provide the mine administrators with the current state of hearing of the individual worker. The information obtained from the system may be used by the administration to provide an early intervention and as a result the mine workers are protected from experiencing signi cant hearing threshold shifts. A control engineering approach is then used to formulate the mining noise occupational policies as a control law. Both social and measurements aspects of this system are explored. The International Standard Organization guide ISO:1999 is used to generate data and develop a basic feedback model. The basic feedback model is further re ned into a dynamic model which includes a Port Hamiltonian integrated ear model and the mining policies. The feedback based noise policy management model is validated using real data from the mine documented in open source literature. The models are implemented using MATLAB as a modelling platform and the results are generated using the Simulink model. This research work has been given an ethical clearance certi cate by the Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical), therefore, allowing for the ndings of the investigations to be published. In conclusion,to be developed is an integrated Port Hamiltonian model of the Human outer, middle and inner ear to be used for estimation of Noise induced hearing loss. The use of this model is then illustrated using a feedback based noise policy monitoring system for mine workers.
PH2020
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30

Reddy, Tarryn Marisca. "The feasibility of including Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) in the annual medical surveillance test battery for the identification of noise-induced hearing loss in a group of workers in a beverage manufacturing industry." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10135.

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The study investigated the feasibility of including DPOAEs in the annual medical surveillance test battery for the identification of NIHL in a group of employees in a manufacturing industry in KwaZulu-Natal. Feasibility was investigated by exploring the sensitivity, specificity and predictive efficiency of DPOAEs, the ability of DPOAEs to detect subtle noise-induced cochlea changes, the test-retest reliability of DPOAEs and lastly, the duration of time taken to conduct the DPOAE test bilaterally. A cross-sectional and repeated measures within-in participant design was utilized in the study. A purposive convenience sampling technique was used, as well as a stratified sampling approach in order to realize objective two of the study. The study consisted of 60 participants, which were further stratified into four test groups, i.e. Group A: 0-3 years, Group B: 3.1-6 years and Group C: 6.1-9 years and Group D: 9.1-13 years of working within the beverage manufacturing industry. A high sensitivity and negative predictive value was reported in the current study, suggesting that DPOAEs may be able to identify those who present with subtle cochlea changes as a result of exposure to occupational noise. The sensitivity of DPOAEs was 100% at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8kHz in the right ear and at 4 and 6kHz in the left ear. The specificity of DPOAEs in the current study ranged between 55%-97% across the frequency range in the right ear and 49%-88% in the left ear. A negative predictive value of 100% was obtained bilaterally across the frequency range, except at 8kHz in the left ear. Visual inspection of the DPgram in the current study revealed a bilateral reduction in DPOAE amplitudes for all test groups in the high frequency region of the DP-Gram, namely, 5477Hz and 7303Hz, in the absence of a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). A greater frequency range appears to be affected in this group of workers, indicating that the type of noise, namely, impulse noise, may result in cochlea changes. Corresponding changes on the pure tone audiogram were not observed, however, noise notch configurations were observed for the groups with a longer history of noise exposure. This was not seen bilaterally as is typically expected with NIHL. Good test-retest reliability across the frequency range obtained in the current study further indicates the feasibility of including DPOAEs in the annual medical surveillance test battery. Additionally, the current study calculated an average of 86 seconds (1 minute 26 seconds) to conduct the DPOAE test bilaterally, confirming that DPOAEs are a quick test to administer. The findings of this study suggest that DPOAEs may be used to monitor early subtle noise-induced cochlea changes for workers exposed to noise in the beverage manufacturing industry as part of the annual medical surveillance test battery.
Thesis (M.Comm.Path.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2013.
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