To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Death and burial.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Death and burial'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Death and burial.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Weigel, Daniel J. "The Story of Death." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396453901.
Full text
2
Struwig, Erwin. "Death of the cemetry : burial ground as park route." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53345.
Full text
3
Casperson, Cassandra L. "Death and burial in ancient Alexandria the Necropolis of Moustapha Pasha /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5988.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 9, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
4
Kee, Tara White. "No place for the dead the struggle for burial reform in mid-nineteenth-century London (England) /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.91 Mb., 320 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3200544.
Full text
5
Callaghan, Brenda Doreen. "Death, burial and mutuality : A study of popular funerary customs in Cumbria, 1700-1920." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52756.pdf.
Full text
6
Ullrich, Liam Gabriel. "Life in Death: Addressing Heterotopic Burial Spaces by Re-Introducing Burial Rituals into the Inner-City of Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78637.
Full textAbstract:
Burial spaces within the City of Pretoria have become inert, fenced-off islands – restricting death rituals and their intrinsic value to society. The lack of urban burial space within Pretoria has resulted in the propagation of urban sprawl, and the bereaved are required to bury the deceased in cemeteries outside of the city. Burial spaces were once part of the range of vital public facilities within historical cities, and death rituals are argued to be central to cultural and individual identities. In order to address this predicament of the removal of burial rituals from the City, the dissertation proposes re-introducing a public commemorative burial space within the City of Pretoria. The dissertation challenges the notion of the heterotopic modern burial space occupying a peripheral site, out of the public eye, and completely insular to the public realm in order to preserve its sanctity. The overarching intention of the research is to develop a prototypical approach for the introduction of a commemorative burial space which can support the burial rituals of the cultural groups of Pretoria, publicly express civic cultural memory, and contribute to urban-placemaking activities.Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
7
Chapman, Emma Rosamund. "Children and child burial in medieval England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/255866.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an investigation into children in medieval England through burial, the most archaeologically-visible evidence for the treatment and conceptualisation of children in life. It examines whether children were distinguished in burial from adults in parish cemeteries of the 10th-16th centuries. Selected cemeteries are analysed in detail to establish whether or not children received different burial treatment to adults. The burials of biologically-immature individuals are compared with the remainder of the burial population, totalling c.4,700 individuals, assessing whether the provision of burial furniture, burial in a shared grave and location of graves varied by age at death. The dissertation includes a discussion of archaeological and historical approaches to children and child burial, both general and medieval, medieval attitudes to children, death and burial, before discussing the case study sites in depth. From this, the methodological issues of undertaking such a study are considered and a sympathetic methodology developed, before the presentation of analysis, discussions and conclusions. I demonstrate that a variety of burial practices were used during the medieval period and that differentiation by age at death occurred. The results show that burials of juveniles are commonly differentiated, particularly infants aged 0-1 year or children aged 12 years or younger, by furniture, inclusion in a multiple burial and location. The thesis concludes that a variety of factors affected how an individual was buried, with age a strong determining factor for those dying at a young age. The influence of age is interpreted as resulting from medieval attitudes to infants, children and adolescents based on active, socially-identified characteristics, indicative of age-based appropriate burial treatment on both familial and community levels due to emotional, social, religious and economic concerns.
8
Pierucci, Antone R. E. "Death in Roman Marche, Italy| A comparative study of burial rituals." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10180880.
Full text
9
Shepherd, Gillian. "Death and religion in archaic Greek Sicily : a study in colonial relationships." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272571.
Full text
10
Perry, Gareth John. "United in death : the pre-burial origins of Anglo-Saxon cremation urns." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3786/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis represents a major re-evaluation of pottery from early Anglo-Saxon (c. AD 425-625) England, examining the pre-burial origins of cremation urns through a variety of methods. It takes a use-alteration approach to the study of urns from two cemeteries, Elsham and Cleatham (North Lincolnshire), and the pottery recovered from 80 non-funerary find-sites that surround them, in order to determine a pre-burial biography for each individual urn. This reveals that the majority of urns were involved in production and consumption activities prior to their use as containers for the dead, whilst ethnographic comparisons indicate that the brewing of beer may have been their primary use in the domestic sphere. It is argued that this pre-burial use was an extremely significant concern in the selection of appropriate vessels for burial. The forms of cremation urns are then considered in light of their functional properties, and each form is placed in the context of pre-burial use. Meanwhile, analysis of the decoration of both the funerary and non-funerary pottery demonstrates that urn decoration was directly linked to pre-burial function, and that individuals may have been buried in plots relating to community, kin or household groups. These results are complemented by an analysis of ceramic fabrics, revealing that ceramic paste recipes were dictated by cultural, rather than geological, constraints. The distribution of these fabrics further supports the notion that the dead were buried in community or household areas. Finally, through detailed petrographic analysis of ceramic fabrics from the cemeteries and non-funerary sites, the geographical origins of vessels are identified, and the catchment areas of these large cremation cemeteries are revealed.
11
Owoc, Mary Ann. "Aspects of ceremonial burial in the Bronze Age of south-west Britain." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3510/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to investigate the ways in which actions involving the construction of funerary mounds facilitated the continuity of Beaker and Bronze Age society in South-West Britain by creating and renewing meaningful traditions of knowledge. Following a brief introduction (Chapter 1) which reviews the character and contents of the study, the second chapter considers some theoretical issues arising from the practice of interpretative archaeology, and concludes with a discussion of death rituals and their archaeological appropriation. Chapter 3 is a critical review of the modem tradition of barrow study, and proposes an alternative perspective pursued in later chapters. Chapter 4 involves an examination of the environmental and social context surrounding later third and second millennium burial practices in the South-West in terms of its implications for community regionalization, social structure, and funerary function. Chapter 5 contains an overview of the funerary sites, a discussion of the analysis employed in their examination, and a contextual history of Bronze Age funerary practices, integrating the results into a general view of social and ritual development. Chapter 6 elaborates upon Beaker/Bronze Age traditions of knowledge by detailing the form and content of the meaningful taxonomies which structured perception, and how such taxonomies were forwarded and reproduced through tomb construction and related ritual actions. The chapter concludes by considering the results of the analysis against the current approaches to the subject. The picture of Bronze Age ceremonial burial which emerges differs from that produced by traditional and current perspectives, in that local contingent circumstances and cosmological constructs are shown to have been of equal importance to both power relations and large scale economic structures in influencing site location, monument appearance, material culture use, and funerary action. Appendices and tables summarise individual site histories and supporting data.
12
Boret, Sebastien. "From social to ecological immortality : kinship, identity and death in Japanese tree-burial." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543808.
Full text
13
Buckberry, Jo, and A. K. Cherryson. "Burial in Later Anglo-Saxon England, c. 650¿1100 AD." Oxbow Books, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4676.
Full textAbstract:
The overarching theme of the book is differential treatment in death, which is examined at the site-specific, settlement, regional and national level. More specifically, the symbolism of conversion-period grave good deposition, the impact of the church, and aspects of identity, burial diversity and biocultural approaches to cemetery analysis are discussed.
14
Thompson, Victoria Jane. "The understanding of death in England from c. 850 to c. 1100." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9815/.
Full text
15
Nugent, Selin Elizabeth. "A Death on the Imperial Frontier: an osteobiography of Roman burial from Oglanqala, Azerbaijan." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385283801.
Full text
16
Burgess, Ronald A. "Josef Mengele : the controversy surrounding his apparent death." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/459127.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the controversial personage of Dr. Josef Mengele, who was the chief physician of the Third Reich's Polish extermination camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau. Until very nearly the completion of this project, virtually no scholarly research had been conducted pertaining to Mengele's life, and therefore, the value of this inquiry is easily discernable. After forty years of eluding Israeli assassins and Nazi hunters, principally in several South American countries, Mengele's alleged remains were discovered, and subsequently exhumed for forensic analysis, near Sao Paulo, Brazil, in early June 1985. In the aftermath of intensive forensic examination, performed by an international team of experts, which included American, West German, and Brazilian scientists, the skeletal remains were pronounced to be those of Mengele within a reasonable scientific certainty. Skeptics not only had misgivings about the initial reports of Mengele's death, but also questioned the veracity of the preliminary medical report, pointing to both errors of omission and commission contained in the report's findings. Despite additional dental evidence discovered nearly one year after the disinterment of the Brazilian remains, which incidentally provided positive identification of the remains as those of Mengele, skeptics continued to discount the expert's opinions and resumed the search for Mengele with renewed vigor. It was concluded that the Brazilian remains were indeed those of Mengele. While the uncertainty over Mengele's apparent death has been resolved, it is recommended that further research be conducted into Mengele's pre-war life, as well as his clandestine post-war existence.
17
Mallett, RA. "Living Above the Dead: A History of the Redevelopment of Six Launceston Urban Burial Places, 1931-1963." Thesis, Honours thesis, University of Tasmania, 2006. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/8379/1/01_Front_Mallett_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Living Above the Dead, is an historical analysis of the redevelopment of the intramural burial places of Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, between 1931 an 1963. The thesis draws on the multitude of historiography that has emerged over recent decades, addressing the changing cultural beliefs and practices relating to the disposal of the dead. The thesis attempts to explain the process by which, and the reasons why, the burial places within the city were so drastically erased during the stated period. There is a discussion of global trends relating to topic and similar activity in London, Sydney and Hobart. The manner in which the meaning, purpose and practicality of burial places altered over time is outlined by virtue of detailing the individual histories of the development of the six intramural burial grounds of Launceston. This is followed by a discussion of how cultural attitudes to death and burial places in general changed in Launceston and how they echoed wider global trends. Another chapter details how the redevelopments were executed, relating the methods and the motivation back to the aforementioned cultural trends. Considerable photographic material is provided using a comparative method in order to emphasize the cultural loss the redevelopment inflicted on the city over a short, thirty year period. Essentially the thesis is a modest attempt to move the debate on cultural attitudes and beliefs related to death and burial forward within an Australian context by using the city of Launceston as a case study.
18
Thompson, Jennifer A. "Death and burial in the Latin East : a study of the Crusader Cemetery at 'Atlit, Israel." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54303/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an interdisciplinary study of death and burial in the Latin East. The Crusader cemetery at 'Atlit is used as a test site and the result of the 1934 excavation and 2004 survey of the site are here published. Burial customs from Western Europe, the Byzantine and Muslim worlds are all studied, in order to understand all of the influences that came together to impact on the death and burial customs of the Latin East. Data from all known Crusader burials is brought together, forming a compendium of known Crusader burial sites. This work is based on the following questions: 1) what were the cultural influences involved in Crusader burials and 2) are there any distinctively Crusader burial customs that can be seen in the archaeological record The end result of this thesis is an interdisciplinary discussion of death and burial in the Latin East, something that has been lacking up to this point. The main points of this thesis may be summarised as follows: 1) the burial traditions followed at the Crusader cemetery at 'Atlit appear to have French roots 2) burial rites varied throughout the Latin East, probably as a result of different groups of ethnicities burying people at the different sites 3) a systematic method of excavating burials must be developed for Crusader burials in the Latin East and 4) more work is needed in this area to fully understand the different traditions at work in the burials of the Latin East.
19
Hatzinger, Kyle. "Democracy of Death: US Army Graves Registration and Its Burial of the World War I Dead." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707387/.
Full textAbstract:
The United States entered World War I without a policy governing the burial of its overseas dead. Armed only with institutional knowledge from the Spanish-American War twenty years prior, the Army struggled to create a policy amidst social turmoil in the United States and political tension between France and the United States.
20
Bontrager, Shannon T. Ph D. "Nationalizing the Dead: The Contested Making of an American Commemorative Tradition from the Civil War to the Great War." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/25.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, scholars have emphasized the importance of collective memory in the making of national identity. Where does death fit into the collective memory of American identity, particularly in the economic and social chaos of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? How did death shape the collective memory of American national identity in the midst of a pluralism brought on by immigration, civil and labor rights, and a transforming culture? On the one hand, the commemorations of public figures such as Ulysses S. Grant, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt constructed an identity based on Anglo-Saxonism, American imperialism, and the “Strenuous Life.” This was reflected in the burial of American soldiers of the Spanish American and Philippine American wars and the First World War. On the other hand, the commemorations of soldiers and sailors from the Civil War, Spanish American War, and Great War created opportunities to both critique and appropriate definitions of national identity. Through a series of case studies, my dissertation brings together cultural and political history to explore the (re)production and (trans)formation of American identity from the Civil War to the Great War. I am particularly interested in the way people used funerals and monuments as tools to produce official and vernacular memory. I argue that both official and vernacular forms of commemoration can help historians understand the social and political tensions of creating national identity in a burgeoning industrial and multicultural society.
21
Beckett, J. F. "Death and burial on the Burren : a taphonomic study of three megalithic monuments in County Clare, Ireland." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596513.
Full textAbstract:
Burial is a highly symbolic activity through which concepts of the world are reflected in the representation and treatment of human remains. While mortuary studies in archaeology and anthropology have had a long history, our understanding of Neolithic societies through mortuary analyses is lacking. This research is a regional comparison of the taphonomy of three megalithic monuments in the Burren, County Clare, Ireland. Through an integration of taphonomy, bioarchaeology, and social archaeological theory, the burial practices of earlier Neolithic societies in Ireland were assessed to understand how societies used burial in socially significant ways. These methods further our understandings of these societies by revealing who, how many, and what types of people were buried here, as well as determine the history of the bones themselves. Finally, what types of burial rites took place and the treatment/manipulation of the dead is also understood through such integration. A comparison of burial practices also lessens the gap in our knowledge of the nature of social interactions and relationships on the Burren. The Parknabinnia chambered tomb, Poulnabrone portal tomb, and Poulawack Linkardstown-type cairn are located within 3 kilometres of each other, and date to contemporary periods. The osteology and bioarchaeology reveal very similar people were buried in these monuments. Yet, there are three morphologically different monuments, set into different landscapes. The taphonomic evidence further shows some differences in burial practices were taking place at these sites. However, it is important that we do not read differences in burial practices or typology to mean different cultures or people, as this research presents a very clear case for the availability of a variety of practices for even a single Neolithic society. A study of burial practices then can further inform about meaning and cultural practice during the Neolithic.
22
Smiles, Deondre Aaron. "`Decolonized Afterlife’: Towards a New Understanding of the Political Processes Surrounding Indigenous Death." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594845208731971.
Full text
23
Duphorn, Walter. "As in Life, So in Death : An analysis of the sociocultural structuring processes which affected the normative body treatment in the Lapita burial ritual." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-372509.
Full textAbstract:
The understanding of ancient societies is often mainly based on how their burial sites have been interpreted. This is especially true for ancient societies where the burial sites may be the only remaining traces which can be studied. With a classical model, their analysis can yield valuable results on certain areas such as identifying status relationships and spatial groupings. The social structure that originally affected how the burial ceremony was conducted, however has largely been a subject of speculation. To analyse this structure a new theoretical foundation is required. In this thesis a ritualization perspective rooter in ritual theory has been implemented. It´s inclusion allows for the study of the structuring processes within the burials by identifying the normative actions which constituted the ritual. This approach requires methods capable of recreating that the ritual actions through the funerary remains. For this reason, the methodological approach employed has been largely rooted in archaeothanatology and taphonomy. In this thesis the Lapita culture which was active in Melanesia ca. 3000 BP has been in focus. This culture was chosen since its societal structure has so far been speculated widely but so far, no consensus has been reached. Only two Burial sites of adequate size and quality have been found to date, Reber-Rakival in Papua New Guinea and Teouma in Watom. These sites have been analysed previously and the findings suggest a rich variation in the funerary ritual implemented at the sites. Ritual has long been linked to societal structure but there are few methods which allow an archaeologist to study this structure through the ritual. The methods have been employed on physical remains from Reber-Rakival and recorded images from Teouma with the aim of clarifying the funerary ceremony and identifying the normative actions at both sites. The addition of previous research and ethnographic data was incorporated to compare and further clarify the interpretations. The resulting interpretation suggests that the burial practice and societal structure at the different sites had some overlap in how individuals of differing genders were positioned and treated. The extent to which this treatment was at the core of the ritual however, varied. In Teouma there was a clearly defined androcentric influence which was prevalent in both how the bodies were positioned and to what extent they were interfered with. This differed to the societal structure which affected the burials in Reber-Rakival which could not be as clearly defined given the greater level of disturbance at the site but was clearly not as extreme in favour of males. This indicates that different societal structures were in place but at present it cannot be considered as a conclusive estimation, further research is required to test it.Tolkandet av forntida samhällen har ofta till stor del baserats på hur deras begravningsformer tolkas. Dessa undersökningar kan ge goda resultat men har oftast varit fokuserade på att identifiera exempelvis status och spatiala grupperingar. Den sociala strukturen som påverkade begravningsceremonin undersöks sällan närmare än via bred spekulation i den klassiska modellen. För att studera denna sociala struktur genom begravningsritualen närmare krävs teoretiska perspektiv som sällan brukas inom klassisk arkeologi. Ett teoretiskt perspektiv med vilket just denna struktur kan studeras är ritualization. Genom detta perspektiv kan de identifierbara normativa handlingarna inom en begravningsritual ses som en återspegling av den sociokulturellt strukturerande processen som påverkade ritualens utförande. Detta kräver metoder som kan återskapa handlingarna genom de material som finns tillhanda. I denna uppsats har Lapitakulturen i Melanesien som var verksam ca. 3000 år sedan legat i fokus för att se hur effektiv denna metod är på en relativt okänd kultur var sociala struktur är oöppen för vid spekulation i nuläget. Bara två större gravplatser från Lapitakulturen har identifierats i nuläget, Reber-Rakival i Papua Nya Guinea och Teouma i Vanuatu, så analysen har begränsats till dessa två platser. Metoderna som använts har sina rötter i arkaeothanatologi och tafonomi har implementerats på fysiska material från Reber-Rakival och bildbevis från Teouma. Endast handlingar som direkt påverkade kroppens position inkluderades och ämnade att klargöra den rituella processen med focus på normativa handlingar och identifieringen av potentiella indikatorer för att tolka hur den rituella strukturen kan tolkas. Jämförelse med resultat från tidigare analyser och etnografiska exempel utfördes för att testa tolkningarna. Resultaten av dessa metoder visade att den rituella processen hade vissa likheter mellan de två platserna. Speciellt i att de varierade beroende på den gravlagdes kön. Vid sin kärna var det dock olika. Detta kunde ses i de mycket tydligare tecken på en klar separation mellan könen med en klar androcentrisk agenda i de rituella handlingarna i Teouma jämfört med Reber-Rakival där de rituella normerna var mer svårtolkade då platsen var mer störd men indikerar att den rådande strukturen inte var lika extrem i fördel för manliga individer. Denna uppskattning kan dock i nuläget inte ses som en slutgiltig tolkning, ytterligare studier krävs för att testa den.
24
Berkert, Wallard Lisa. "The Self: Towards A Method for Queering Death : An Identity Testament." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6858.
Full textAbstract:
“The Self: Towards A Method for Queering death” is an identity testament, a speculative method for designing the space of your own funeral before you die. It is a format to create a fair memorial of a person’s identity that does not feel welcome or fits in the current formats of burial ceremonies we have in Sweden today, usually connected to Christianity or other religious traditions. Even the secular burial traditions of Sweden today have a very clear traditional format and aesthetic that can be intimidating to a lot of members of society. “The Self” is also a method to relegate the power of narrative to whom it belongs. “The Self “is executed through this thesis, a sacred document, a spatial installation and a film, showing a possible scenario of a burial ceremony as a result of the method of the identity testament. This thesis demonstrates and problematizes the secular burial traditions in Sweden and how the common rituals are still based on the norms of Christianity, heteronormativity and traditional values, and why this is oppressing a lot of individuals in society. It does so by using a speculative method of an identity testament, which gives every human the right to own the narrative about their persona and who they were to the afterlife. It also problematizes the hierarchies and norms in society of what “family” means, and how consanguinity is valued by state and law. The term “queer” or “queering” is used in multiple ways, both as an adjective (being queer, a queer community, a queer sexual identity) but also as a verb or an adverb, as in the method used by the Queer Death Studies Network. The content of this thesis consists of texts, pictures, research in form of written sources and interviews, queer theory, descriptive design methods and descriptions of a sculptural exploration and spatial installation as well as a motion picture. The thesis asks and answers questions such as: How could a new type of burial ceremony - based on our secular beliefs in contemporary Sweden – look, feel and be arranged to be more connected to what we can relate as religion today? Is it possible to create an organized system to collect information about a person´s identity to be used as a formal ground to create a fair burial ceremony after the person’s death? The analysis focuses upon speculative ideas about what could happen if every person had a right to state a will for their intangible possessions and assets as well as their physical ones. The thesis also goes through multiple examples of cases of queer deaths where there have been strong needs to arrange an alternative funeral to feel safe and comfortable. Finally, the thesis reflects upon how this method could be used and if it really could be applied to society, and if so, who would be able to use it?
25
Bulmer, P. "Death in post-palatial Greece : reinterpreting burial practices and social organisation after the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3001576/.
Full textAbstract:
The principle aim of this thesis is to develop a better understanding of social organisation in Greece after the collapse of the palace system c.1190 BCE. This is achieved through a multi-level analysis of burial practices, focussing specifically on the post-palatial cemetery at Perati, burial practices before and after the collapse in the Argolid, and the custom of burial with weapons, from the Shaft Grave period to the post-palatial period in Greece. The main theoretical basis for focussing on burial practices is the argument that social change is reflected and enacted in burial practices, so studying changes in burial practices (including the shift from chamber tombs to simple graves, the change from collective to single burials, the introduction of cremation, and the use of high status grave goods) has the potential to inform us about the nature of social change. This basic premise is challenged in the course of the thesis, when it is shown that burial practices in Attica changed before the collapse, whilst the custom of placing weapons in graves did not change when the palace system collapsed, and burial practices in the Argolid remained recognisably Mycenaean despite the destruction of the region’s two palaces. In explaining why burial practices did not change in response to the collapse of the palace system, the thesis develops a new theory. Burial practices do change, but this is in response to changes in kinship structures, rather than the nature of the state or the level of social complexity. Furthermore, this thesis argues that burials with weapons do not represent the burials or warriors or chiefs, but are used more broadly to reflect status achieved for a variety of reasons. These burials should not be regarded as “warrior graves”, since there was, in fact, no warrior class at any time in Bronze Age Greece. This study challenges a number of traditional interpretations of the post-palatial period in Greece. In particular, it is argued that this period should no longer be regarded as the start of the so-called Dark Age. The people who survived the destructions and went on to re-organise their lives during this troubled period should not be thought of as the victims of disaster, but active participants in the shaping of post-palatial Greece. They deserve to have their story told, and this thesis represents a chapter in that story.
26
Skurat, Harris Heidi A. "Buried in polyester." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371477.
Full textAbstract:
Buried in Polyester is a collection of essays in three parts loosely connected around the theme of the loss of my mother. Much like JoAnn Beard's The Boys of My My Youth, the essays hold up pieces of my life for inspection and puts them down again, not always with a sense of resolution. The subtext of the piece revolves around the search to put together the pieces of what my life was before and after my mother, and the transition from girlhood to adulthood with the absence of my mother. I hope also to explore how the self splits after a traumatic death, and the desperate attempt at recreation that takes the place of genuine mourning. The final three pieces are a trilogy exploring my father's deteriorating health and my attempts to connect with him while somehow recapturing the self that I lost.Department of English
27
Speith, Nivien. "Skeletal evidence of the social persona : life, death and society in early medieval Alamannic communities." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6287.
Full textAbstract:
Historic-archaeological research on the Alamanni, an early medieval population in the periphery of the Frankish Empire, primarily focuses on themes such as their military character or issues of ethnicity, while the actual functioning of Alamannic societies remains conjectural. Aiming at presenting an integrated approach to the concepts of social organisation and social identities in Alamannic populations, this study examines and defines Alamannic identity and society by creating a dialogue between the disciplines of archaeology, biological anthropology and socio-cultural sciences. A bioarchaeology of identity explores the Alamanni of Pleidelsheim and Neresheim via their funerary and skeletal evidence, allowing for the factor of different environments that influence the interactions of a community. A key theme is the investigation of indicators for biological and social 'status', by direct association of bioanthropological with funerary archaeological data, as well as by evaluation of present interpretations made from material culture in the light of bioanthropological analysis as a paramount focus. The results are interpreted in terms of social status and the perception of certain social parameters, exploring interrelations between factors such as sex and gender, age, status and activity for the entirety of a society. This research offers new perspectives on Alamannic societies and helps to comprehend Alamannic social organisation as a multi-layered phenomenon, emphasizing the importance of a biocultural approach. Beyond common perceptions, this study forms the basis for a new understanding of the Alamanni, as the results reveal a society that was complex and diverse, displaying its own characteristics in the Merovingian world.
28
Graham, Emma-Jayne. "Death, disposal and the destitute : the burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Republic and early Empire." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420782.
Full text
29
Donnison, Alexandra. "The appropriation of death in classical Athens : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1153.
Full text
30
Gooney, Dawn. "Life and death in Iron Age Orkney : an osteoarchaeological examination of the human skeletal remains from the burial ground at Knowe of Skea, Westray." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25744.
Full textAbstract:
Archaeological excavations were conducted by EASE Archaeology at the Knowe of Skea on the island of Westray between 2000 and 2009 and discovered a multi-phase site with evidence for activity dating from the Neolithic through to the Viking era. Excavations revealed that the site had been used as a burial ground for a prolonged period during the Iron Age. Human remains recovered during the first seasons of excavations were radiocarbon dated to the turn of the first millennium BC/AD. These dates highlighted the significance of this burial ground; burial evidence of Iron Age date is sparse in Atlantic Scotland and often overlooked due to the lack of a recognisable, dominant burial rite. Burials of individuals of all ages, including a very high number of infants, were recovered and represent the largest known collection of burials of this date from Scotland. Iron Age research in Atlantic Scotland has traditionally been dominated by study and discussion of the impressive stone-built architecture of domestic buildings and working places of a population about which very little is actually known. Examination of the burials from this site and comparisons with similar sites in the Orkney Islands is building a greater understanding of the treatment of the dead in this region during a period for which so little evidence exists. The burials had been placed in the rubble of earlier collapsed buildings which appears to be a common feature of many Iron Age burials in the Orkney Islands and north-eastern Scotland. Site records, photographs and views of excavators were consulted and combined with the results of the osteological analysis to determine burial patterns at the site according to age, sex or burial location. The large volume of infant remains recovered from the site created the possibility to investigate such high infant mortality and the general health of infants and children. High numbers of infant burials can often lead to suggestions of infanticide; the likelihood of this is also discussed. The results of basic stable isotope analysis (13C and 15N) were examined to interpret breastfeeding and weaning practice. The evidence provided in the results of isotopic analysis was also used to interpret the diet of this population and compared with archaeological evidence of diet from excavation of domestic sites across Atlantic Scotland. Of particular interest was the extent to which the population of the islands may have exploited marine and other wild resources when compared with similar dietary studies in the rest of Scotland and Britain. Results of osteoarchaeological analysis of the human skeletal remains from the Knowe of Skea allowed a deeper understanding of the lifestyle and health of a population for which there has been little evidence to date.
31
Leaf, Patricia L. "Mercy of the fallen : a memoir in shards." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371469.
Full textAbstract:
This work of creative nonfiction is a hybrid of memoir, essay, cultural critique, and, to a lesser extent, literary journalism. The central autobiographical thread is my brother's shocking and violent murder at the hands of law enforcement, its handling by the media and subsequent trip through the American criminal justice system, and the spiraling effect of such trauma on family and friends. However, the text goes beyond a personal account of loss to illuminate the intersection between the personal and the universal: the way that the individual political subject embodies our cultural and systemic atmosphere of grief, alienation, confusion, powerlessness, violence, and corruption. This examination also necessarily raises questions about the social and personal consequences of individual and systemic decisions, as well as the role of rhetoric in attempts to justify such decisions and discourage activism.Department of English
32
Langer, Christoph. "Die Leiter des Todes: Bestattungen in Süd-Ghana seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts." Universität Leipzig, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33568.
Full textAbstract:
This volume discusses the history of funerals, a 'total social phenomenon' in southern Ghana. Today, as in the past, festivals are organised, usually involving music, dance and the consumption of alcohol. This study discusses variations over time and between different regions, dealing systematically with the preparation of the corpse, places of burial, modes of commemoration, the high costs involved and the influence of Christian missions.Dieser Band betrachtet die Geschichte von Beerdigungen, ein 'total social phenomenon' im südlichen Ghana. Heute, wie auch in der Vergangenheit, werden Feste organisiert, die normalerweise Musik, Tanz und den Konsum von Alkohol involvieren. Diese Studie betrachtet Variationen über die Zeit hinweg und zwischen verschiedenen Regionen, während sie sich systematisch mit der Vorbereitung der Leiche, den Orten der Beerdigung, den Arten der Gedenkfeiern, den hohen Kosten und dem Einfluss der christlichen Missionen beschäftigt.
33
Tuovinen, T. (Tapani). "The Burial Cairns and the Landscape in the Archipelago of Åboland, SW Finland, in the Bronze Age and the Iron Age." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mortuary rituals express and cope with disorder brought about by a member's death in the community. The autonomous connection of the deceased with the community is disrupted through mortuary rituals. In many cultures the subsequent contacts with the realm of the dead are maintained in formalized practices, sometimes including or referring to objects or patterns that can be traced in the archaeological record. In this study it is asked, if the Bronze Age and Iron Age burial cairns (1200 BC - AD 1000) in the SW archipelago of Finland might be interpreted as monuments establishing a link between the landscape and the religious context of symbolic meanings, thus making it meaningful to examine the spatial references of grave sites. The field studies include excavations, surveys, boulder analyses, and weathering studies. The number of cairns in the area is 444. Examination of samples of boulders suggested that the stones were usually collected from the adjacent terrain. The Schmidt hammer technique was applied to measure the weathering differences between basal and lateral surfaces, and possible secondary interference. The chronology of the archipelago cairns is based on previous studies related to general chronological characteristics and datings of archipelago graves. Using discriminant analysis, the size of the cairn, the convexity of the surface at the grave site, and the topography of the terrain were identified as the variables most related to the differences between Group P, having a Bronze Age character (147 cairns), from Group R of Iron Age character (218 cairns). Two models representing the shorelines of 500 BC and AD 1000 were reconstructed using a digital elevation model (DEM). Monte Carlo-testing was applied when the visible areas around grave sites were compared to reference sets in four subareas. The grave sites in Group P were often directed towards the land, whereas the grave sites in Group R were typically directed towards the sea. The difference might be related to differences in subsistence strategies. The cairns represented a conservative burial custom that belonged to local communities in maritime and northern areas, as opposed to the southern agricultural environmentsTiivistelmä Vainajan omaehtoinen yhteys elävien yhteisöön katkeaa vasta yhteisöllisen kuolemanrituaalin lopullisesti päätyttyä. Monissa kulttuureissa kuolemanrituaalin jälkeiset yhteydet vainajaan kiteytyvät muodollisiksi käytännöiksi, jotka voivat tulla arkeologisesti näkyviin aineellisissa jäännöksissä tai luonnonmaiseman paikkojen, tilojen ja elementtien suhteissa. Työssä tarkastellaan, ovatko Turunmaan saariston pronssikauden ja rautakauden hautarauniot (1200 e.Kr. - 1000 j.Kr.) tulkittavissa monumenteiksi, jotka yhdistivät maiseman symbolisten merkitysten uskomukselliseen kontekstiin. Kenttätutkimuksiin kuuluu kaivauksia, inventointi, lohkaretutkimuksia ja rapautumismittauksia. Hautoja on 444. Lohkaretutkimukset osoittivat kivien tulleen kerätyiksi hautapaikkojen läheisyydestä. Tapaustutkielmissa kiveyksen basaali- ja lateraalipintojen välistä rapautumiseroa ja sekundaarisia vaurioita tutkittiin kimmovasaramittauksin. Hautaraunioiden kronologia perustuu aikaisempiin tutkimuksiin kronologisista tunnusmerkeistä sekä saariston ajoitettuihin hautoihin. Erotteluanalyysissa kiveyksen laajuus, hautapaikan maanpinnan kuperuus ja hautapaikan suhde ympäröiviin huippuihin osoittautuivat muuttujiksi, jotka selvimmin jakavat aineiston pronssikauden tyypin P-ryhmään (147 hautaa) ja rautakauden tyypin R-ryhmään (218 hautaa). Numeerisesta korkeusmallista laskettiin kaksi maastomallia, jotka vastaavat rannansiirtymisen kehitysvaihetta 500 e.Kr. (P-ryhmä) ja 1000 j.Kr. (R-ryhmä). Hautapaikoilta näkyvissä olleita alueita verrattiin satunnaisesti valittuihin verrokkipaikkoihin Monte Carlo -testauksen avulla. Merkittävin ero oli, että P-ryhmän hautapaikat olivat tyypillisesti suuntautuneet merta ja R-ryhmän hautapaikat maata kohti. Ero liittynee toimeentuloon latautuneisiin odotuksiin ja epävarmuuksiin. Hautarauniot merkitsevät konservatiivista hautaustapaa, joka kuului enemmän mereisten ja pohjoisten paikallisyhteisöjen kuin agraarisen ja eteläisen asutuksen piiriin
34
Hatzinger, Kyle J. "Establishing the American Way of Death: World War I and the Foundation of the United States’ Policy Toward the Repatriation and Burial of Its Battlefield Dead." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804852/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the policies and procedures created during and after the First World War that provided the foundation for how the United States commemorated its war dead for the next century. Many of the techniques used in modern times date back to the Great War. However, one hundred years earlier, America possessed very few methods or even ideas about how to locate, identify, repatriate, and honor its military personnel that died during foreign conflicts. These ideas were not conceived in the halls of government buildings. On the contrary, concerned citizens originated many of the concepts later codified by the American government. This paper draws extensively upon archival documents, newspapers, and published primary sources to trace the history of America’s burial and repatriation policies, the Army Graves Registration Services, and how American dead came to permanently rest in military cemeteries on the continent of Europe. The unprecedented dilemma of over 80,000 American soldiers buried in France and surrounding countries at the conclusion of the First World War in 1918 propelled the United States to solve many social, political, and military problems that arose over the final disposition of those remains. The solutions to those problems became the foundation for how America would repatriate, honor, and mourn its military dead for the next century. Some of these battles persist even today as the nation tries to grapple with the proper way to commemorate the nation’s participation in the First World War on the eve of the conflict’s centennial.
35
LaMotta, Vincent M. "Behavioral Variability in Mortuary Deposition: A Modern Material Culture Study." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/110099.
Full textAbstract:
1999 Dozier Award WinnerThis paper examines critically several key assumptions that have guided many archaeological interpretations of prehistoric mortuary assemblages. It is argued that more sophisticated models of mortuary deposition need to be incorporated into research that attempts to reconstruct community structure and other sociological variables from variation in grave assemblages. To illustrate this point, and to begin to build such models, a study of artifacts deposited in mortuary contexts was conducted by the author in a major urban center in Arizona in 1996. Several different behavioral pathways through which objects enter mortuary contexts are identified in this study, and some general material correlates for each are specified. This study also provides a vehicle for exploring preliminarily how, and to what extent, various forms of mortuary depostion are related to the social identities of the deceased. Finally, a synthetic model is developed which seeks to explain variation in mortuary deposition in terms of behavioral interactions between the living, on the one hand, and the deceased and various classes of material culture, on the other. It is hoped that the general models and material correlates developed through this study can be elaborated by prehistorians to bolster inferences drawn from specific mortuary populations and to explore previously-uncharted realms of mortuary behavior in the past.
36
Matoušek, Jaroslav. "Annahof." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240870.
Full textAbstract:
Anenský dvůr used to be a farm surrounded by fields just a few dozen meters from the Austrian border. It worked even during the fifties before the creation of the Iron Curtain. Agricultural activity slowly subsided, people disappeared. Nature began quietly but ceaselessly, in small portions, getting on its side after the interval division. Buildings and their surroundings started to change. Nature has changed in fifty years place unrecognizable. Clearly defined boundaries are erased, flash greenery spread to the surrounding area and has created a specific single entity defining the surrounding chaos. Such a situation is the basis for the layout of the new cemetery. Current enhanced peripheral borders are strengthened by planting oaks, while the interior is modified. Most of invasive acacia and other shrubs are removed. The original character of the place, floodplain meadow is reinforced by planting new trees, such as birch or cherry. The new cemetery consists of two main areas - internal groomed lawn under clearly defined square walls, which leads to deposition of ash and vice versa in the outer belt informal grown meadows are individual pavilions cemetery.
37
Wood, Robert. "Life and death : a study of the wills and testaments of men and women in London and Bury St. Edmunds in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2014. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/0f1324a8-77b0-472c-8832-76364a9c27bc/1/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the lives of men and women living in London and Bury St. Edmunds in the late fourteenth - early fifteenth centuries. Sources studied include the administrative and legal records of the City of London and of the Abbot and Convent of St. Edmund's abbey; legislation and court records of royal government and the wills and testaments of Londoners and Bury St. Edmunds' inhabitants. Considerable research on a wide range of topics on London, but far less work on Bury St. Edmunds, has already been undertaken; however, this thesis is the first systematic comparative study of these two towns. The introduction discusses the historiography and purpose of the thesis; the methodology used, and the shortcomings of using medieval wills and the probate process. Chapter One discusses the testamentary jurisdiction in both towns; who was involved in the will making process, and the role that clerics played as both executors and scribes and how the church courts operated. Chapter Two focuses on testators' preparations for the afterlife, their choices concerning burial location, funeral arrangements and the provisions made for prayers for their souls. Chapter Three examines in detail their pious and charitable bequests and investigates what ‘good works' testators chose to support apart from ‘forgotten tithes'. The family and household relationships, including servants and apprentices, are examined in Chapter Four, exploring the differences in bequests made depending on the testators' marital status, together with evidence for close friendships and social networks. Chapter Five discusses the ownership and types of books referred to in wills and the inter-relationship between the donors and the recipients. Testators' literacy and the provision for education are also investigated.
38
Peyroteo, Stjerna Rita. "On Death in the Mesolithic : Or the Mortuary Practices of the Last Hunter-Gatherers of the South-Western Iberian Peninsula, 7th–6th Millennium BCE." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-271551.
Full textAbstract:
The history of death is entangled with the history of changing social values, meaning that a shift in attitudes to death will be consistent with changes in a society’s world view. Late Mesolithic shell middens in the Tagus and Sado valleys, Portugal, constitute some of the largest and earliest burial grounds known, arranged and maintained by people with a hunting, fishing, and foraging lifestyle, c 6000–5000 cal BCE. These sites have been interpreted in the light of economic and environmental processes as territorial claims to establish control over limited resources. This approach does not explain the significance of the frequent disposal of the dead in neighbouring burial grounds, and how these places were meaningful and socially recognized. The aim of this dissertation is to answer these questions through the detailed analysis of museum collections of human burials from these sites, excavated between the late nineteenth century and the 1960s. I examine the burial activity of the last hunter-gatherers of the south-western Iberian Peninsula from an archaeological perspective, and explain the burial phenomenon through the lens of historical and humanist approaches to death and hunter-gatherers, on the basis of theoretical concepts of social memory, place, mortuary ritual practice, and historical processes. Human burials are investigated in terms of time and practice based on the application of three methods: radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis to define the chronological framework of the burial activity at each site and valley; stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen aimed at defining the burial populations by the identification of dietary choices; and archaeothanatology to reconstruct and define central practices in the treatment of the dead. This dissertation provides new perspectives on the role and relevance of the shell middens in the Tagus and Sado valleys. Hunter-gatherers frequenting these sites were bound by shared social practices, which included the formation and maintenance of burial grounds, as a primary means of history making. Death rituals played a central role in the life of these hunter-gatherers in developing a sense of community, as well as maintaining social ties in both life and death.
39
Cave, Christine. "Living with One Foot in the Grave: the elderly in Early Anglo-Saxon England." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144492.
Full textAbstract:
Although historical documents and texts tell us otherwise, it is generally believed, not only by people without the expertise to know better, that nobody lived to what we would consider to be old age in the distant past. While it is certainly true that fewer individuals reached their allotted three score years and ten, most communities would have had people who lived to their seventies, eighties or even nineties. It is not that the elderly didn’t exist, it is that the methods used to identify and age people in the past, combined with current attitudes, have rendered them invisible. This thesis seeks to examine the implications on life, both social and physical, of living to old age in Early Anglo-Saxon England. To do this, elderly individuals first need to be made visible and identified. For this purpose then, an approach that identifies the invisible elderly in a cemetery context is proposed, illustrated with an Anglo-Saxon cemetery example. Subsequently, the elderly in three Early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries are examined: Great Chesterford, Essex; Mill Hill, Deal, Kent; Worthy Park, Kingsworthy, Hampshire. The graves of the individuals buried in these cemeteries, their grave goods and their skeletal remains are discussed and elderly people are compared to those younger to determine whether old age increased their relative status, decreased it, or whether it remained the same. Whether sex or its close relative gender had an effect on these determinations is also explored. A case study involving two elderly women concludes this thesis. In general, it is found that while the elderly are not a homogenous group, some evidence for respect is found, as well as some lesser treatment, and that the elderly are treated similarly in death to younger cohorts. In contrast, when examined through the lens of sex, it was found that males, fewer of whom reach the oldest age categories, tend to increase their status with age, while the status of females appears to decline from about the age of about thirty. The two women in the case study, who were given somewhat less than average burial treatment, may have been the last pagans in the community.
40
Zelenovic, Cláudia Cristina Carreiro Modesto. "Representações e emoções de coveiros portugueses face à morte." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1074.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia.Nos tempos que correm, ainda é difícil aceitar a morte e o processo de morrer, mesmo nos grupos em que a morte faz parte do seu quotidiano, como é caso dos coveiros. Este estudo exploratório de índole psico-cultural, procura compreender que representações têm os coveiros da morte, mais concretamente, durante o processo do enterro da pessoa falecida, perante os familiares e amigos do defunto, assim como discernir que tipo de emoções são despoletadas, factos que serão analisados numa perspectiva eclética a partir das percepções, das imagens, das contribuições simbólicas, dos sentimentos, e das manifestações afectivas de cada um. Os coveiros são o cerne deste estudo devido à sua conotação ancestral, por vezes até mística, sendo muitas vezes representados pelo senso comum como pessoas frias. Estes profissionais detêm uma ligação sui generis com a terra e o morto e presenciam no próprio local de trabalho, o cemitério o último “adeus” entre o morto, família e amigos, consumando o processo ao cobrir a urna com terra, como se fechassem o ciclo do mundo dos vivos e constituíssem a nova morada dos mortos. Tentou compreender-se de que forma os coveiros sentem e representam a morte, através da utilização da abordagem qualitativa na colheita e na compreensão dos dados, em que foi empregue o método de análise fenomenológica interpretativa, o modelo hermenêutico, como também o modelo psicodinâmico. A observação não - participante, o diário de campo e a aplicação de entrevistas semi - estruturadas aos coveiros no seu local de trabalho, o cemitério, foram técnicas utilizadas durante o trabalho de campo. In the present days, is still hard accepting death and the process of dying, even at groups where it is a part of its daily routine, such as in the case of gravediggers. The purpose of this psycho-cultural case-study is to understand the representations gravediggers have of death, specifically, during the process of burying the person that passed, before its relatives and friends; as well as, to discern what kind of emotions are triggered, facts that will be analyzed in an eclectic perspective, based on perceptions, images, symbolic contributions and feelings, and one's affective demonstrations. Gravediggers are at the center of this study due to their ancestral and even mystical connotation, being often represented by common sense as cold hearted people. These kind of professionals detain a sui generis connection to the earth and the dead person and testify in their own work location, the cemetery, the last "goodbye" between the dead, its family and friends, consuming the process by covering the grave with sand, as if they closed the world's circle of the living and, therefore, constituting the new address of the dead. This study has tried to understand how gravediggers feel and represent death, through the use of a qualitative approach in the collecting and understanding of data by using the method of phenomenological interpretative analysis, the hermeneutic model, as well as, the psychodynamic model. The non-participant observation, the journal field and the application of the semi-structured interviews to gravediggers in their workplace- the cemetery- were techniques that were used during the work field. Depuis toujours, la mort et le fait de mourir ont été difficiles d'accepter, même pour les personnes a qui cela fait parti de leurs quotidien comme c'est le cas des fossoyeurs. Cette étude à caractère psychoculturel à comme objectif explorer et comprendre comment ce présente les fossoyeurs lors d'un enterrement d'une personne décéder, notamment en présence de la famille du défunt, ainsi que discerner le type d'émotions ressenties. Ces faits seront analysés dans une perspective éclectique à partir des perceptions, des images, des contributions symboliques, des sentiments et des manifestations affectives de chacun. Les fossoyeurs sont l'élément principal de cet étude dû à leurs connotations ancestral, parfois même mystique, étant la plupart des fois représentés comme des personnes froides. Ces professionnels ont une liaison sui generis avec la terre et le mort, et témoignent, dans leur propre lieu de travail (le cimetière), le dernier adieu entre la personne décédée, la famille et les amis, concluant le procès en couvrant le cercueil avec de la terre, comme s'il fermait le cycle des vivant, donnant une nouvelles adresse aux morts. Par cette étude, on essaye de comprendre la façon dont les fossoyeurs sentent et représentent la mort, grâce à un abordage qualitatif concernant la récolte et la compréhension des données, utilisant la méthode d'analyse phénoménologique interprétative, le modèle herméneutique, ainsi que le modèle psychodynamique. L'observation non participant, le journal de terrain et l'application d'entretiens avec les fossoyeurs dans leur lieu de travail, le cimetière, sont quelques techniques utilisées durant le travail effectué sur le champ.
41
Higgins, Dustin. "Dying Traditions: The History of Community Grave Diggings in Unicoi County." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2024.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this thesis deals with instances where members of the community dig the grave for the grieving family. This thesis is limited to Unicoi County. Looking at past and present occurrences of this practice, this project will explain how it came to be and why it is still being exercised.
The primary sources for this project include newspaper articles from the Erwin Record, interviews with members of the community. Secondary sources were used to frame the overall context and draw comparisons with the rest of Appalachia.
The digging of the grave by the community began as a necessity in the rural areas of Unicoi County. Due to the growing economic prosperity of these areas, and the eventual easy access to roads, the tradition began to waver and was preserved and practiced only by the small, isolated community churches.
42
Schell, Sarah. "The Office of the Dead in England : image and music in the Book of Hours and related texts, c. 1250-c. 1500." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2107.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the illustrations that appear at the Office of the Dead in English Books of Hours, and seeks to understand how text and image work together in this thriving culture of commemoration to say something about how the English understood and thought about death in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Office of the Dead would have been one of the most familiar liturgical rituals in the medieval period, and was recited almost without ceasing at family funerals, gild commemorations, yearly minds, and chantry chapel services. The Placebo and Dirige were texts that many people knew through this constant exposure, and would have been more widely known than other 'death' texts such as the Ars Moriendi. The images that are found in these books reflect wider trends in the piety and devotional practice of the time. The first half of the study discusses the images that appear in these horae, and the relationship between the text and image is explored. The funeral or vigil scene, as the most commonly occurring, is discussed with reference to contemporary funeral practices, and ways of reading a Book of Hours. Other iconographic themes that appear in the Office of the Dead, such as the Roman de Renart, the Pety Job, the Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead, the story of Lazarus, and the life of Job, are also discussed. The second part of the thesis investigates the musical elaborations of the Office of the Dead as found in English prayer books. The Office of the Dead had a close relationship with music, which is demonstrated through an examination of the popularity of musical funerals and obits, as well as in the occurrence of musical notation for the Office in a book often used by the musically illiterate. The development of the Office of the Dead in conjunction with the development of the Books of Hours is also considered, and places the traditions and ideas that were part of the funeral process in medieval England in a larger historical context.
43
Stevanato, Clara. "Sénateurs et mémoire dans l'épigraphie funéraire de l'Italie romaine (Ier siècle av J.-C. - IIIème siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a5d9b8c3-da77-4075-9d1e-70a19f50d1d1.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude porte sur la documentation épigraphique funéraire destinée à commémorer les membres de l'ordre sénatorial en Italie romaine entre la fin de la République et les III-IV siècles de notre ère. La nouveauté de ce thème réside dans l'exploration de la classe sénatoriale "dans la mort" et dans l'évaluation du potentiel d'information découlant de la valorisation des aspects funéraires et du contexte archéologique. L'étude vient donc combler une lacune dans les recherches modernes et explore différents aspects historiques et épigraphiques tels que les modèles idéologiques de la classe dirigeante, les outils de communication, le vocabulaire des émotions, la topographie des propriétés sénatoriales. La création d'un corpus épigraphique- qui constitue un nouvel instrument de répertoire utilisable (et potentiellement informatisable) par la communauté scientifique - sur une base géographique régionale a été suivie par l'analyse des inscriptions qui le composent afin d'approfondir les éléments thématiques émergents et de fournir des informations supplémentaires pour un cadre à la fois général et particulier de la documentation collectéeThe research focuses on the funerary epigraphic documentation intended to commemorate the members of the senatorial class in Roman Italy between late Republic and III-IV century AD. The novelty of the subject lies in the exploration of the "amplissimus ordo " "in death" and in the evaluation of the information potential deriving from the valorization of the burial ground. The study therefore fills a gap in modern doctrine and explores different strands of historical-lexicon, the topography of senatorial properties. The creation of an epigraphic corpus set on a regional basis, which constitutes a new repertory instrument for the scientific community, has been followed by the analysis of the inscriptions composing the catalogue, in order to deepen the emerging thematic elements and provide a framework, at the same time general and particular, of the collected documentation
44
Mesmin, d'Estienne Jeanne. "Le droit public et la mort." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020039.
Full textAbstract:
L'intérêt d'une étude sur la mort découle des contradictions qui l'affectent car seuls les vivants pouvant être créateurs de normes et titulaires de droit, la mort en droit public est par définition un droit des vivants. La mort, prise en considération par le droit public, est un prisme sous lequel se dévoile la construction de l'Etat tout en révélant les lacunes et les fragilités du droit face au mystère de la condition humaine. Oscillant entre une conception de la mort perçue comme un néant et des projections individuelles et collectives conférant, malgré tout, une valeur à la personne et à la vie humaine avant et par-delà le décès, le droit tout en s'émancipant de la religion ne s'est pas déparé complètement de toute dimension "sacrée" et l'Etat doit se confronter à ces projections individuelles et collectives face à la mort. Si l'on a assisté en l'espace de moins d'un siècle à un basculement d'un devoir de ne pas tuer à une obligation de protéger la vie à laquelle la norme juridique fait très largement écho, la nouvelle maîtrise de la vie humaine permise par les avancées scientifiques et médicales transforme également l'expression souveraine de l'Etat. Se voyant reconnaître un pouvoir de protection de la vie, c'est désormais sur la condition biologique des individus elle-même que le droit public étend ses ramificationsThe interest of a study about death comes from the contradictions that affect it. Only the living can create laws and regulations: by definition, death in public law is the law of the living. Death, as managed by public law, is a prism which reveals the construction of the State but also uncovers gaps and weaknesses in the law to deal with the mystery of human condition. The law swings back and forth between a conception of death seen as nothingness and individual and collective beliefs giving nevertheless value to the person and human life before and beyond death. While freeing itself from religion, the law has not completely lost any"sacred" dimension and the State must face these individual and collective beliefs about death. In less than a century, there has been a shift from “do not kill” to an obligation to “protect life”; this shift is now widely integrated in modern law. Scientific and medical advances allow a new control of human life and also change the sovereign expression of the state. Public law is now in charge of a life protection duty and starts to integrate rules about the biological condition of human people itself
45
LAZZERINI, VALERIA. "I RITI FUNEBRI E LE SEPOLTURE ISLAMICHE IN ITALIA E IN EUROPA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/726.
Full textAbstract:
Nella tesi si approfondisce in cosa consistano effettivamente le pratiche e le esigenze funebri dei musulmani, valutando in che misura esse siano compatibili con la legislazione statale dei Paesi occidentali (esaminando in particolare i casi di Italia, Francia e Svizzera). Nell'affrontare il tema si è adottata una prospettiva di tipo interdisciplinare, considerando la questione delle sepolture islamiche sia dal punto di vista del diritto musulmano (per definire in che misura e secondo quali modalità possano essere effettuati gli adattamenti richiesti dalla presenza di comunità musulmane in contesti non islamici), sia dal punto di vista del diritto statale laico, nel più ampio quadro dei rapporti tra Stato e religioni attualmente vigenti nei Paesi considerati.
46
LAZZERINI, VALERIA. "I RITI FUNEBRI E LE SEPOLTURE ISLAMICHE IN ITALIA E IN EUROPA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/726.
Full textAbstract:
Nella tesi si approfondisce in cosa consistano effettivamente le pratiche e le esigenze funebri dei musulmani, valutando in che misura esse siano compatibili con la legislazione statale dei Paesi occidentali (esaminando in particolare i casi di Italia, Francia e Svizzera). Nell'affrontare il tema si è adottata una prospettiva di tipo interdisciplinare, considerando la questione delle sepolture islamiche sia dal punto di vista del diritto musulmano (per definire in che misura e secondo quali modalità possano essere effettuati gli adattamenti richiesti dalla presenza di comunità musulmane in contesti non islamici), sia dal punto di vista del diritto statale laico, nel più ampio quadro dei rapporti tra Stato e religioni attualmente vigenti nei Paesi considerati.
47
Pecora, Jennifer. "Women Mourners, Mourning "NoBody"." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2220.
Full textAbstract:
Historian David Bell recently suggested that scholars reconsider the impact of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815) upon modern culture, naming them the first "total war" in modern history. My thesis explores the significance of the wars specifically in the British mourning culture of the period by studying the war literature of four women writers: Anna Letitia Barbauld, Amelia Opie, Jane Austen, and Felicia Hemans. This paper further asks how these authors contributed to the development of a national consciousness studied by Georg Lukács, Benedict Anderson, and others. I argue that women had a representative experience of non-combatants' struggle to mourn war deaths occurring in relatively foreign lands and circumstances. Women writers recorded and contributed to this representative experience that aided the development of a national consciousness in its strong sense of shared anxieties and grief for soldiers. Excluded physically and experientially, women would have had an especially difficult time attempting to mourn combatant deaths while struggling to imagine the places and manners in which those deaths occurred, especially when no physical bodies came home to "testify" of their loved ones' experiences. Women writers' literary portraits of imagined women mourning those whose bodies never came home provide interesting insights into the strategies employed during the grieving process and ultimately demonstrate their contribution to a collective British consciousness based on mourning. The questions I explore in the first section of this thesis circle around the idea of women as writers and mourners: What were writers saying about war, death, and mourning? What common themes begin to appear in the women's Romantic war literature? And, perhaps most importantly, how did such mourning literature affect the growing sense of nationality coming out of this period? In the second section, I consider more precisely how these literary contributions affected mourning culture when no bodies were present for burial and advanced the development of a national consciousness that recognized the wars' "nobodies." How did women's experiences of being left behind and marginalized in the war efforts prepare them to conceptualize destructive mass deaths abroad, and, conceptualizing them, to mourn them?
48
Silva, Erika Amorim da. "O cotidiano da morte e a secularização dos cemitérios em Belém da segunda metade do século XIX (1850/1891)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13175.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ErikaASilva.pdf: 3405619 bytes, checksum: d3f09e9868a79b5a848184dd730074d1 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005-05-30Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This dissertation titled O cotidiano da morte e a secularização dos cemitérios em Belém na secunda metade do século XIX (1850/ 1891) tried to show understanding around death s meaning along with dead and mortuary ceremonies in Belém in the second half of the 19º century. Thus, the composition studies about the changes in the trip of death from the buries inside a church to open-sky cemeteries, plus the secularization of these spaces. Those questions have gained importance in the following pages cause they started a new parallel about the urban space threated by wide-spread diseases and miasmas exhalated from putrescent bodies. Taking that to explain the tensions formed in the core of Belém s society wich made same significant changes in the path of that specifical society before death and deads. The construction of the cemeteries- Nossa senhora da soledade and Santa Izabel - implacate in complex questios like start to bury dead bodies into open-sky cemeteries intead instead of inside churchs, the wish of the Catolic church to have exclusiveness in these new places, the secularization of those cemeteries and buries keeping in mind the unsolved religious, cultural and social conflicts to understanding the attitudes of the whites, indians, colored, catolics, protestants, masons and the way they used to react before the dead and death. So the city was visualized, it s quotidian and the existing and dying of it s inhabitants and seeing closest the representation before death and dead. To be well acquired with the text the central axel inquire the understanding of how different Belém s social divisions in the 80 s deal with circle of life including bury, mortuary ceremonies and the secularization of the cemeteries
Esta dissertação de título O cotidiano da morte e a secularização dos cemitérios em Belém na segunda metade do século XIX (1850 / 1891) , procurou visualizar o caminhar e o permanecer em torno dos significados da morte, dos mortos e dos ritos fúnebres em Belém durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Assim, a dissertação versa sobre as transformações no cotidiano da morte decorrente da mudança dos locais dos enterramentos do interior das Igrejas para os cemitérios a céu aberto, mas também sobre o projeto de secularização destes espaços. Estas questões, aliás, ganham expressividade nas páginas seguintes, pois delas surgiram outros tangenciamentos como os debates acerca da salubridade do espaço urbano ameaçado por epidemias e miasmas emanados dos corpos em decomposição. Foi nesta perspectiva que se buscou interpretar determinadas tensões que se formaram no interior da sociedade belenense e que contribuíram para mudanças significativas no caminhar dessa sociedade frente à morte e aos mortos. A construção dos cemitérios o de Nossa Senhora da Soledade e o de Santa Izabel envolveram questões complexas como o abandono do costume de enterrar nas igrejas e passar a enterrá-los em cemitérios a céu aberto, a exclusividade que a Igreja Católica desejava ter nesses novos espaços, o debate em torno da secularização dos cemitérios e dos enterros civis levantando questões que não ficaram circunscritas às inquietações religiosas, mas estabeleceram conflitos políticos, culturais e sociais, enfim seguir os passos de brancos, índios e negros, Católicos, Protestantes e Maçons e tentar compreender suas atitudes diante da morte e dos mortos. Para isso procurou-se visualizar a cidade, seu cotidiano, o viver e o morrer de seus habitantes, encarar o mais próximo possível as representações frente à morte e aos mortos. Entenda-se então que os eixos centrais da presente dissertação são os que buscam perceber como diferentes segmentos sociais da Belém oitocentista lidaram com o processo de vida e morte, com os enterramentos, os ritos fúnebres, e a secularização dos cemitérios
49
Baraze, Muhmmad. "Recherches sur les tombes à fosse dans la Syrie antique entre le Ier et le VIlle siècle après J.-C. : espace, architecture et pratiques funéraires." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30039.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse vise à apporter des connaissances sur le monde des morts dans les tombes à fosse dans la Syrie antique entre le Ier et le VIIIe siècle après J.-C. La cadre géographique concerné englobe la région de l’Orient comprise entre l’Anatolie, la Mésopotamie, l’Arabie, l’Égypte et la Méditerranée. Ce travail cherche à caractériser les lieux d’implantation des espaces funéraires des tombes à fosse, à établir un classement typologique et chronologique de l’architecture funéraire de ce type de tombes et à déterminer les gestes funéraires pratiqués : inhumation ou incinération, dépôt individuel ou pluriel, collectif ou multiple, primaire ou secondaire. Il s’agit aussi d’illustrer l’orientation et la position originelle des corps placés dans les sépultures : disposition du tronc, de la tête, des membres supérieurs et inférieurs. Ce travail vise à observer la localisation des objets déposés dans les sépultures par rapport aux défunts et d’analyser l’ordre dans lequel ils ont été déposés. Au-delà de ces analyses archéologiques et taphonomiques, l’objectif est de savoir s’il existe une évolution ou une variation des pratiques funéraires, selon les zones géographiques ou une période particulière. Il s’agit aussi de vérifier si l’ensemble de la Syrie appartenait à la culture gréco-romaine dans le domaine des pratiques funéraires ou au contraire si la région ou certaines zones géographiques de Syrie, étaient à l’écart de cette cultureThis thesis aims to provide knowledge of the world of the dead in pit graves in antique Syria between the 1st and the 8th century AD. The area under consideration includes the region of the Orient located between Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. This work tries to characterize the location of pit graves, to establish a typological and chronological classification of the funeral architecture of this type of grave and to determine the funeral rites practiced: inhumation or cremation, individual or group, collective or multiple, primary or secondary burial. It is also a question of illustrating the alignment and the positioning of the bodies placed in the graves: the position of the trunk, the head, the lower and upper limbs. This work furthermore attempts to analyze the location of grave objects and the order in which they were deposited. Beyond these archaeological and taphonomic analyses, the objective is to determine whether there is an evolution or a variation in the funeral practices between different geographical zones or during a particular period. It is also a question of verifying whether the whole of Syria belonged to the Greco-Roman culture in the field of the funeral practices or if, on the contrary, the entire region or only certain geographical zones of Syria, remained apart from this culture
50
Fierer-Donaldson, Molly. "To Be Born an Ancestor: Death and the Afterlife among the Classic Period Royal Tombs of Copán, Honduras." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10459.
Full textAbstract:
This goal of this dissertation is to participate in the study of funerary ritual for the Classic Maya. My approach evaluates comparatively the seven royal mortuary contexts from the city of Copán, Honduras during the Classic period from the early 5th century to early 9th century CE, in order to draw out the ideas that infused the ritual behavior. It is concerned with analyzing the tomb as a ritual context that is a materialization of a community's ideas about death and the afterlife. The heart is the data gathered from my participation in the excavation of the Classic period royal tomb called the Oropéndola Tomb. In addition to the archaeological data, the project draws from ethnohistoric, ethnographic, epigraphic, and iconographic sources as important loci for ideas of how to interpret the archaeological data. The project stands at the intersection of the work by Patricia McAnany's (1995; 1998; 1999) on the role of ancestors in Maya life, James Fitzsimmon's (2002, 2009) comparison of mortuary ritual across sites, and Meredith Chesson's (2001c) study on the relationship between social memory, identity and mortuary practice. The analysis of the Oropéndola Tomb and its comparison to other royal tombs at Copán was an opportunity to investigate our understanding of Classic Maya conceptualizations of death and the afterlife within one city. After a consideration of how to identify a Maya royal tomb, I was able to confirm that the Oropéndola Tomb is a royal tomb that likely belonged to one of rulers of the site during the second half of the 5th century CE, and that it contains funerary offerings that reflect the identity of the deceased in his role as a warrior and contains information reflecting how the Maya of Classic period Copán conceptualized the afterlife.Anthropology