Journal articles: 'Death of sibling'

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Youngblut, JoAnne M., and Dorothy Brooten. "Parents’ Report of Child’s Response to Sibling’s Death in a Neonatal or Pediatric Intensive Care Unit." American Journal of Critical Care 22, no. 6 (2013): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2013790.

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Background Research on sibling death in a pediatric/neonatal intensive care unit is limited, despite many qualitative differences from deaths at home or in hospitals’ general care areas and has overlooked cultural differences. Objectives To describe parents’ reports of children’s responses to a sibling’s death in a neonatal or pediatric intensive care unit via qualitative interviews at 7 months after the death. Methods English-speaking (n = 19) and Spanish-speaking (n = 8) parents of 24 deceased infants/children described responses of their 44 surviving children: 10 preschool, 19 school-age, and 15 adolescent. Parents’ race/ethnicity was 48% black, 37% Hispanic, 15% white. Ten siblings died in the neonatal unit and 14 in the pediatric intensive care unit. Semistructured interviews in parents’ homes were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with content analysis. Results Six themes about surviving children emerged. Changed behaviors were reported by parents of school-age children and adolescents. Not understand what was going on was reported primarily by parents of preschoolers. Numbers of comments in the 4 remaining themes are as follows: maintaining a connection (n = 9), not having enough time with their siblings before death and/or to say goodbye (n = 6), believing the sibling is in a good place (n = 6), not believing the sibling would die (n = 4). Comments about girls and boys were similar. White parents made few comments about their children compared with black and Hispanic parents. The pattern of comments differed by whether the sibling died in the neonatal or the pediatric intensive care unit. Conclusions Children’s responses following a sibling’s death vary with the child’s sex, parents’ race/ethnicity, and the unit where the sibling died. Children, regardless of age, recognized their parents’ grief and tried to comfort them.

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Feehan, Dennis M., and Gabriel M. Borges. "Estimating Adult Death Rates From Sibling Histories: A Network Approach." Demography 58, no. 4 (2021): 1525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9368990.

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Abstract Hundreds of millions of people live in countries that do not have complete death registration systems, meaning that most deaths are not recorded and that critical quantities, such as life expectancy, cannot be directly measured. The sibling survival method is a leading approach to estimating adult mortality in the absence of death registration. The idea is to ask survey respondents to enumerate their siblings and to report about their survival status. In many countries and periods, sibling survival data are the only nationally representative source of information about adult mortality. Although a vast amount of sibling survival data has been collected, important methodological questions about the method remain unresolved. To help make progress on this issue, we propose reframing the sibling survival method as a network sampling problem. This approach enables a formal derivation of statistical estimators for sibling survival data. Our derivation clarifies the precise conditions that sibling history estimates rely on, leads to internal consistency checks that can help assess data and reporting quality, and reveals important quantities that could potentially be measured to relax assumptions in the future. We introduce the R package siblingsurvival, which implements the methods we describe.

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Tabet, Maya, Louise Flick, Hong Xian, and Jen Chang. "The Difference in Sibling Birthweight and Neonatal Death: A Population-Based Cohort Study." American Journal of Perinatology 36, no. 05 (2018): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669949.

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Background There has been a call for customized rather than population-based birthweight standards that would classify smallness based on an infant's own growth potential. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between the difference in sibling birthweight and the likelihood of neonatal death among second births in a U.S. population. Study Design This was a population-based cohort study including 179,300 women who delivered their first two nonanomalous singleton live births in Missouri (1989–2005). We performed binary logistic regression to evaluate the association between being relatively smaller than the elder full- or half-sibling (i.e., smaller by at least 500 g) and neonatal death (i.e., deaths in the first 28 days of life) among second births after controlling for sociodemographic and pregnancy-related variables in the second pregnancy. Results The adjusted odds of neonatal death were 2.54-times higher among second births who were relatively smaller than their elder sibling. Among relatively small second births, every 100-g increase in the difference in sibling birthweight was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of neonatal death. Conclusion The deviation from the elder sibling's birthweight predicts neonatal death. Taking into consideration the elder sibling's birthweight may be warranted in clinical and research settings.

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Nolbris, Margaretha Jenholt, and Stefan Nilsson. "Sibling Supporters’ Experiences of Giving Support to Siblings Who Have a Brother or a Sister With Cancer." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 34, no. 2 (2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454216648920.

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Siblings of a child with a life-threatening disease, such as cancer, have a right to measures that promote their health and welfare. Siblings may find it hard to understand what is happening to the sick child with cancer and why he or she reacts as he or she does. The aim of the study was to explore sibling supporters’ thoughts about the experiences they had in providing support for siblings with a brother or a sister with a life-threatening disease such as cancer. All the 12 sibling supporters currently working in Sweden participated in a qualitative, descriptive study from which 5 categories emerged, showing that the sibling supporters supported siblings from diagnosis until possible death. They enabled siblings who were in the same situation to meet each other and arranged activities suited to their ages, as well as offering an encouraging environment. To help the siblings, the sibling supporters found it necessary to interact with both the parents and the ward staff. The sibling supporters felt that their support was important and necessary in helping siblings promote their own health both when the sick child was alive and also after his or her death. The experience of the sibling supporters was that they listened to the siblings’ stories and met them when they were in their crisis. The study confirms that sibling supporters should be a part of the health care team that treat and support the family when a child has cancer.

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Bolton, James M., Rae Spiwak, and Jitender Sareen. "Consequences of Sibling Death." JAMA Pediatrics 171, no. 6 (2017): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0330.

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Castiglia, Patricia T. "Death of a sibling." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2, no. 4 (1988): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5245(88)90027-2.

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Mack, Kristin Y. "The Effects of Early Parental Death on Sibling Relationships in Later Life." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 49, no. 2 (2004): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/btuq-011v-anew-v7rt.

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The present study draws on elements of kinship and life course perspectives to examine the influence of parental death during childhood on adult sibling contact and closeness. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households ( N = 3,684), comparisons are made between adults who experienced early parental death and those with no history of childhood family disruptions, and between adults who experienced early maternal death and those who experienced paternal death during childhood. Results from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses indicate that adults who experienced parental death during childhood do not have more sibling contact, but are closer to their siblings in adulthood than adults who grew up in intact families. In addition, adults who experienced maternal death during childhood have less sibling contact than adults who experienced paternal death, but there are not differences between these two groups in terms of closeness. These findings indicate that it is important to assess the long-term impact of early parental death on adult outcomes and that gender of the deceased parent may have more significant implications for some dimensions of adult sibling relationships than others.

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Hays, Judith C., Deborah T. Gold, and Carl F. Pieper. "Sibling Bereavement in Late Life." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 35, no. 1 (1997): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ye89-2gu8-c8u3-mrnx.

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Elders are more likely to confront the death of a sibling than any other kinship bereavement. Yet we know almost nothing about the impact of sibling deaths on older adults. We used attachment theory to generate hypotheses about the impact of this life event on physical health, mood, social support, and economic outcomes in late life. At the Duke University site of a large multi-center epidemiologic study (EPESE), 3173 elderly community-dwellers provided data on bereavements experienced in the past year as well as on demographic, health-related, and socioeconomic characteristics. Bereaved siblings were more functionally and cognitively impaired than bereaved friends and rated their overall health as worse than bereaved spouses or bereaved friends who were similarly impaired. Brothers and sisters bereaved of a brother reported excess financial hardship and mood impairment, respectively. Terminal care programs should screen for excess risk among surviving siblings and plan for assisting these survivors in adaptation to this loss.

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Tabet, Maya, Louise H. Flick, Hong Xian, and Chang Jen Jen. "Smallness at Birth and Neonatal Death: Reexamining the Current Indicator Using Sibling Data." American Journal of Perinatology 38, no. 01 (2019): 076–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694761.

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Abstract Objective The similarity in size among siblings has implications for neonatal death, but research in this area is lacking in the United States. We examined the association between small-for-gestational age (SGA), defined as a birthweight <10th percentile for gestational age, and neonatal death, defined as death within the first 28 days of life, among second births who had an elder sibling with SGA (“repeaters”) versus those whose elder sibling did not have SGA (“nonrepeaters”). Study Design We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study including 179,436 women who had their first two nonanomalous singleton live births in Missouri (1989–2005). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between SGA and neonatal death among second births, stratified by whether the elder sibling was SGA. Results Out of 179,436 second births, 297 died in the neonatal period. There was a significant interaction between birthweight-for-gestational age of first and second births in relation to neonatal death (p = 0.001). Second births with SGA had increased odds of neonatal death by 2.15-fold if they were “repeaters,” and 4.44-fold if they were “nonrepeaters,” as compared with non-SGA second births. Conclusion Our findings suggest that referencing sibling birthweight may be warranted when evaluating infant size in relation to neonatal death.

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Majumder, A. K. "Child survival and its effect on mortality of siblings in Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 3 (1990): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018708.

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SummaryThis study of the relationship between mortality risks of siblings born to the same mother shows that, in Bangladesh, the death of the immediately preceding sibling in its infancy has a negative influence on the survival chance of the child in question in its infancy; however, death of the preceding sibling appears to have a positive influence on the index child's survival at ages 1–5 years. Similar results are found for the survival status of the two preceding siblings. Preceding birth interval length and survival status and sex of the immediately preceding sibling are also significant predictors of child mortality between ages 1 and 5 years. Possible explanations may be that the index child faces stronger competition from its immediately preceding brother than from its immediately preceding sister, or that the index child is likely to be looked after more by its preceding sister than by its preceding brother.

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HOGAN, NANCY S., and DAVID E. BALK. "Adolescent Reactions to Sibling Death." Nursing Research 39, no. 2 (1990): 103???107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199003000-00012.

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Hogan, N. S. "Adolescent reactions to sibling death." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 9, no. 4 (1990): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003465-199007000-00019.

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Lohan, Janet A., and Shirley A. Murphy. "Parents' Perceptions of Adolescent Sibling Grief Responses after an Adolescent or Young Adult Child's Sudden, Violent Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 44, no. 3 (2002): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/y4a0-nx9a-hcv8-40ak.

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The violent death of an adolescent or young adult child is a highly traumatic event for surviving families. A major family adaptation issue relates to individual differences in coping with violent death. This article reports the findings from four data collection points of parental responses over an 18-month time frame to an open-ended question about the difficulties experienced by surviving adolescent children after their sibling's death. The data show that parents reported that they perceived little change over time in their children's responses; surviving adolescents continued to have multiple grief reactions and behavioral changes up to 2 years after the sibling's death. There were parental role differences between mothers and fathers across time in the perceptions of sibling grief. Further research is needed to understand the sibling grief process following violent death and to develop nursing interventions to support bereaved families.

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Lohan, Janet A., and Shirley A. Murphy. "Parents' Perceptions of Adolescent Sibling Grief Responses after an Adolescent or Young Adult Child's Sudden, Violent Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 44, no. 1 (2002): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m9lw-4rjy-qkyf-h8be.

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The violent death of an adolescent or young adult child is a highly traumatic event for surviving families. A major family adaptation issue relates to individual differences in coping with violent death. This article reports the findings from four data collection points of parental responses over an 18-month time frame to an open-ended question about the difficulties experienced by surviving adolescent children after their sibling's death. The data show that parents reported that they perceived little change over time in their children's responses; surviving adolescents continued to have multiple grief reactions and behavioral changes up to two years after the sibling's death. There were parental role differences between mothers and fathers across time in the perceptions of sibling grief. Further research is needed to understand the sibling grief process following violent death and to develop nursing interventions to support bereaved families.

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Ploger, Bonnie J., and Douglas W. Mock. "Role of Sibling Aggression in Food Distribution to Nestling Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus Ibis)." Auk 103, no. 4 (1986): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.4.768.

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Abstract Sibling aggression occurs in a wide variety of asynchronously hatching bird species. In some, fights among siblings lead inevitably to death, in which case the benefits of winning are clear. In species where sibling aggression is common but usually not fatal, the benefits gained by winning and the methods used to achieve them are less obvious. In a Texas colony of Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis), sibling aggression was frequent but siblicide rare. Parents rarely interfered with fights. Last-hatched chicks lost more fights and received less food than their elder siblings. Fighting limited the losers' immediate access to food and contributed to the senior sib's ability to monopolize boluses. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that monopolizable food can act as both a proximate and ultimate cause of sibling aggression. The main effect of sibling aggression lay in depressing food supplies to last-hatched chicks. First- and second-hatched sibs accrued roughly equal feeding advantages.

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Crehan, Geraldine. "THE SURVIVING SIBLING: THE EFFECTS OF SIBLING DEATH IN CHILDHOOD." Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 18, no. 2 (2004): 202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14749730410001700723.

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Xu, Minle. "RACE, DEATH OF A SIBLING, AND DEMENTIA RISK AT LATE ADULTHOOD." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3011.

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Abstract The death of a family member is a stressful life event that compromises health and well-being. Considerable research has documented the detrimental health effects of parental, child, and spousal death. However, much less is known with regard to the health consequences of sibling death especially in late adulthood. Relationship with sibling is one of longest and intimate social relationships and the death of a sibling can be a devastating life event especially for older adults as they are more vulnerable to adverse effect of stress. As sibling death is more prevalent in late adulthood, it is important to examine whether sibling death increases risks of dementia which has become a public health concern due to its deleterious effects on individuals, families, and societies. Therefore, this study investigates the association between sibling death and dementia incidence in later life by using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study. Results from discrete-time hazard models show that respondents who experienced the death of a sibling between 1992 and 2000 are more likely to develop dementia during follow-up. This positive association between the death of a sibling and dementia incidence remains unchanged after accounting for respondents’ health status before sibling death and shared family social status during childhood. Further analyses indicate that psychological distress, health behaviors, and health status cannot explain the relationship between sibling death and dementia incidence. In addition, the association of sibling death with dementia incidence is similar for non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks.

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Kippen, Rebecca, and Sarah Walters. "Is Sibling Rivalry Fatal? Siblings and Mortality Clustering." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 42, no. 4 (2012): 571–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00305.

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Evidence drawn from nineteenth-century Belgian population registers shows that the presence of similarly aged siblings competing for resources within a household increases the probability of death for children younger than five, even when controlling for the preceding birth interval and multiple births. Furthermore, in this period of Belgian history, such mortality tended to cluster in certain families. The findings suggest the importance of segmenting the mortality of siblings younger than five by age group, of considering the presence of siblings as a time-varying covariate, and of factoring mortality clustering into analyses.

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Spitze, Glenna D., and Katherine Trent. "Changes in Individual Sibling Relationships in Response to Life Events." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 2 (2016): 503–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16653431.

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Data from the first two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households are used to examine how individual sibling relationships change in response to life events in a gendered context. We find union formation is associated with a decline in sibling visits, as is transitioning from part- to full-time work. Becoming a parent increases support from a sibling and remaining childless over time is associated with more exchanges of support. Parental death decreases support to a sibling. Moving farther away lowers the number of visits, exchanges of support, and frequency of phoning or writing. However, for most of the life events examined, we find no significant effects on sibling relationships and little evidence that gender of siblings influences the effects of life events on sibling relationships. We conclude that the nature of individual sibling relationships remains relatively stable in the face of life events.

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Fletcher, Jason, Marian Vidal-Fernandez, and Barbara Wolfe. "Dynamic and heterogeneous effects of sibling death on children’s outcomes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 1 (2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709092115.

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This paper explores the effects of experiencing the death of a sibling on children’s developmental outcomes. Recent work has shown that experiencing a sibling death is common and long-term effects are large. We extend understanding of these effects by estimating dynamic effects on surviving siblings' cognitive and socioemotional outcomes, as well as emotional and cognitive support by parents. Using the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (CNLSY79), we find large initial effects on cognitive and noncognitive outcomes that decline over time. We also provide evidence that the effects are larger if the surviving child is older and less prominent if the deceased child was either disabled or an infant, suggesting sensitive periods of exposure. Auxiliary results show that parental investments in the emotional support of surviving children decline following the death of their child.

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Miller, Jessica E., Kim W. Carter, Nicholas de Klerk, and David P. Burgner. "The familial risk of infection-related hospitalization in children: A population-based sibling study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250181.

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Objective To assess the risk of severe childhood infections within families, we conducted a sibling analysis in a population-based cohort study with genealogical linkage. We investigated the sibling risk of hospitalization with common infections, a marker of severity. We hypothesized that having siblings hospitalized for infection would increase the proband’s risk of admission with infection. Study design We used population data on Western Australian live-born singletons and their siblings between 1980 and 2014. Measures of infection were infection-related hospitalizations from discharge diagnostic codes. Exposure was having a sibling who had an infection-related hospitalization. Outcomes were infection-related hospitalizations in the child/proband. Probands were followed until an infection-related hospitalization admission (up to the first three), death, 18th birthday, or end of 2014, whichever occurred first. Infection risks were estimated by adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for multiple events. Results Of 512,279 probands, 142,915 (27.9%) had infection-related hospitalizations; 133,322 (26.0%) had a sibling with a previous infection-related hospitalization (i.e. exposed). Median interval between sibling and proband infection-related hospitalizations was 1.4 years (inter-quartile range 0.5–3.7). Probands had a dose-dependent increase in risk if sibling/s had 1, 2, or 3+ infection-related hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.39–1.43; aHR 1.65, 1.61–1.69; aHR 1.83, 1.77–1.90, respectively). Among siblings with the same clinical infection type, highest sibling risks were for genitourinary (aHR 2.06, 1.68–2.53), gastrointestinal (aHR 2.07, 1.94–2.19), and skin/soft tissue infections (aHR 2.34, 2.15–2.54). Overall risk of infection-related hospitalization was higher in children with more siblings and with older siblings. Conclusion In this population-based study, we observed an increased risk of infection-related hospitalization in children whose siblings were previously hospitalized for infection. Public health interventions may be particularly relevant in families of children hospitalized with infection.

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Holaday, Bonnie, and Stephanie Dowden. "Young children's experiences of sibling death." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 10, no. 1 (1995): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0882-5963(05)80109-5.

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Balk, David E. "Sibling death, adolescent bereavement, and religion." Death Studies 15, no. 1 (1991): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481189108252406.

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Mufson, Toni. "Issues surrounding sibling death during-adolescence." Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal 2, no. 4 (1985): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00758389.

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Cha, Hyungmin, Patricia Thomas, and Debra Umberson. "Sibling Death in the Family and Dementia Risk." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 862–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3182.

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Abstract Growing evidence points to the role of stress in contributing to dementia risk, and experiencing the death of a family member is a particularly stressful life event. Sibling relationships are typically life-long relationships and the death of a sibling is likely to be a stressful event in the life course; however, there is little research illuminating the possible consequences of sibling loss for dementia risk. This study considers whether experiencing the death of a sibling before midlife is associated with subsequent dementia risk and how such losses, which are more common for Black and Hispanic than for White populations, may add to racial/ethnic disparities in dementia risk. We use discrete-time event history models to predict dementia incidence among 9,590 non-Hispanic white, 1,669 non-Hispanic black, and 1,109 Hispanic respondents from the Health and Retirement Study, 2000-2014. Losing a sibling during the observation period is associated with increased risk for later dementia. The death of a sibling is robust to the inclusion of a variety of biosocial factors that contribute to subsequent dementia risk. The death of a sibling is a life course event with consequences that appear to increase dementia risk for Black and Hispanic older adults, and this increased risk is explained by biosocial processes likely activated by bereavement. However, Black and Hispanic Americans are further disadvantaged in that they are more likely than White Americans to experience the death of a sibling, and such losses add to the already substantial racial disadvantage in dementia risk.

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Fuller-Thomson, Esme. "Loss of the Kin-Keeper?: Sibling Conflict Following Parental Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 40, no. 4 (2000): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/j357-qf31-f0fc-pv4u.

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This study explores the relationship between sibling conflict and parental loss. Logistic regression analysis of the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households ( n = 8,654), indicates that respondents who have experienced the death of at least one parent and those who have a parent in ill-health are more likely to report that they do not get along well with a sibling. Older respondents, African Americans, Hispanics, and respondents in good or excellent health are less likely to have conflict with a sibling. Sibling conflict may have serious consequences for the exchange of sibling support in old age. Implications of these findings for research, practice, and policy are discussed.

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Avieli, Hila, Tova Band-Winterstein, and Tal Araten Bergman. "Sibling Relationships Over the Life Course: Growing Up With a Disability." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 12 (2019): 1739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319837228.

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The research explores sibling relationships, and the ways in which they are shaped over the life course by family members, in families with a lifelong disability. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 family units including a parent, a sibling, and an adult sibling with a disability. The content analysis revealed five sibling relationship patterns: (a) “Not a child, but a parent caretaker”—the parent–surrogate sibling; (b) “We somehow grew apart”—the estranged sibling; (c) “It is important for me to maintain some kind of distance”—the bystander sibling; (d) “When there’s something they want to tell him, they always send me”—the mediator sibling; and (e) “I love him to death”—the friend sibling. These patterns of adult sibling relationships are discussed in relation to family dynamics, values, and legacies; recommendations for practice and research are made.

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Hemminki, Kari, Xinjun Li, and Kristina Sundquist. "Familial Risks for Diseases of Myoneural Junction and Muscle in Siblings Based on Hospitalizations and Deaths in Sweden." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 4 (2006): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.4.573.

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AbstractDiseases of the myoneural junction and muscle are disabling and some are life-threatening. Recent successes in the identification of the underlying genetic mechanisms have had profound implication for their diagnostics, treatment and classification. We define familial risks for siblings who were hospitalized for or deceased from diseases of the myoneural junction and muscle. A nationwide database on diseases of the myoneural junction and muscle was constructed by linking the Multigeneration Register on 0- to 69-year-old siblings to the Hospital Discharge Register and the Causes of Death Register from years 1987 to 2001. Standardized risk ratios (SIRs) were calculated for affected sibling pairs by comparing to those whose siblings had no diseases of myoneural junction and muscle. Among a total of 2307 patients, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy and myotonic disorders were commonest diagnoses. The sibling risks for these disease were 22, 190 and 198, respectively, when a sibling was diagnosed with any disease of the myoneural junction and muscle. The concordant SIRs, both siblings presenting the same disease, were 42 for myasthenia gravis, 737 for muscular dystrophy, 2000 for congenital myopathy, 1211 for myotonic disorder, 909 for periodic paralysis and 209 for unspecified myopathy. Only a few discordant sibling pairs were noted. The very high overall SIRs for the diseases of the myoneural junction and muscle imply that the sporadic forms of these diseases are relatively rare and these diseases are overwhelmingly heritable.

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Alam, Nurul. "Birth spacing and infant and early childhood mortality in a high fertility area of Bangladesh: age-dependent and interactive effects." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 4 (1995): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000023002.

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SummaryTo examine the effects of birth spacing on early childhood mortality, 3729 singleton births in 1983–84 were followed for 3 years in rural Bangladesh. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether the survival of older siblings modifies the effect of preceding birth intervals and to see if the effects of preceding and succeeding birth intervals are inter-related, controlling for the effects of sex of the child, mother's age and household economic status. With the exception of the neonatal period, birth spacing effects were highly significant. A preceding birth interval of <15 months was associated with a greater mortality risk in the post-neonatal period for children with an older sibling who survived infancy. However, a short preceding birth interval did not adversely affect post-neonatal mortality if the older sibling died in infancy. Neonatal and post-neonatal deaths were higher if older siblings had died in respective age intervals. A pregnancy interval of <12 months after childbirth raised the risk of death at ages 1–2 years considerably if the child was born after a short birth interval (<15 months). The results suggest that the high mortality risks of closely spaced children are due to sibling competition for parental resources.

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Kendler, K. S., H. Ohlsson, K. Sundquist, and J. Sundquist. "A latent class analysis of drug abuse in a national Swedish sample." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 10 (2013): 2169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000081.

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BackgroundDrug abuse (DA) is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Using medical, legal, death and pharmacy records covering the entire population of Sweden, could we uncover meaningful subtypes of DA?MethodWe performed a latent class analysis (LCA) on all individuals in Sweden born 1950–1993 who were registered with DA or its consequences (n=192 501) and then validated these classes using demographics, patterns of co-morbidity with alcohol use disorder (AUD), non-DA crime and psychiatric illness, and the pattern of aggregation and co-aggregation in sibling pairs.ResultsThe best-fit LCA had six classes: (1) low-frequency pure criminal, (2) high-frequency medical criminal, (3) low-frequency pure medical, (4) high-frequency medical, (5) prescription and (6) death. Each class had a distinct pattern of demographic features and co-morbidity and aggregated within sibling pairs with at least moderate specificity. For example, class 2 was characterized by early age at registration, low educational attainment, high male preponderance, high rates of AUDs, strong resemblance within sibling pairs [odds ratio (OR) 12.6] and crime and the highest risk for DA in siblings (20.0%). By contrast, class 5 had a female preponderance, late age at registration, low rates of crime and AUDs, high rates of psychiatric illness, high familiality within sibling pairs (OR 14.7) but the lowest observed risk for DA in siblings (8.9%).ConclusionsDA as assessed by public records is a heterogeneous syndrome. Familial factors contribute substantially to this heterogeneity. Advances in our understanding of etiological processes leading to DA will be aided by a consideration of this heterogeneity.

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McCown, Darlene E., and Clara Pratt. "Impact of sibling death on children's behavior." Death Studies 9, no. 3-4 (1985): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481188508252527.

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Dowdney, Linda. "Children bereaved by parent or sibling death." Psychiatry 7, no. 6 (2008): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2008.04.007.

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Sood, Aradhana Bela, Amit Razdan, Elizabeth B. Weller, and Ronald A. Weller. "Children’s reactions to parental and sibling death." Current Psychiatry Reports 8, no. 2 (2006): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-006-0008-0.

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Dowdney, Linda. "Children bereaved by parent or sibling death." Psychiatry 4, no. 9 (2005): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/psyt.2005.4.9.118.

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Pettle Michael, S. A., and R. G. Lansdown. "Adjustment to the death of a sibling." Archives of Disease in Childhood 61, no. 3 (1986): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.61.3.278.

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Lövgren, Malin, Josefin Sveen, Gunnar Steineck, Alexandra Eilegård Wallin, Mary-Elizabeth B. Eilertsen, and Ulrika Kreicbergs. "Spirituality and religious coping are related to cancer-bereaved siblings’ long-term grief." Palliative and Supportive Care 17, no. 2 (2017): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951517001146.

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AbstractObjectiveMany bereaved siblings have still not come to terms with their grief many years after the loss, but few studies have focused on what can help. The aims of this study were to identify cancer-bereaved adolescents’ and young adults’ ways of coping with grief after loss of a sibling, and examine whether these ways of coping were related to their experience of having worked through their grief.MethodThis nationwide survey of 174 cancer-bereaved siblings (73% participation rate) is based on one open-ended question about coping with grief (“What has helped you to cope with your grief after your sibling's death?”) and one closed-ended question about siblings’ long-term grief (“Do you think you have worked through your grief over your sibling's death?”). The open-ended question was analyzed with content analysis; descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to examine the relation between type of coping and siblings’ long-term grief.ResultThe siblings described four ways of coping: (1) thinking of their dead brother/sister and feeling and expressing their grief; (2) distracting or occupying themselves; (3) engaging in spiritual and religious beliefs/activities; and (4) waiting for time to pass. One of these categories of coping with grief, namely, engaging in spiritual and religious beliefs and activities, was associated with siblings’ experience of having worked through their grief two to nine years after the loss (p= 0.016).Significance of resultsThose siblings who had used spirituality, religious beliefs, and activities to cope were more likely to have worked through their grief than those who had not.

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Gindrich, Piotr Alfred. "A child's grief after the death of a sibling – a review of selected theoretical and empirical aspects." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 595, no. 10 (2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5972.

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The aim of the article is to review selected theoretical and empirical aspects concerning the death of a sibling as well as its psychological and social consequences for a living child. This topic has not been of interest to researchers so far. This fact may pose an obstacle in searching for effective forms of social and educational support for families who have been orphaned in this way, especially for children. The article illustrates the importance of selected factors that determine the grief experience of children in connection with the loss of a sibling, such as: gender and age, type and cause of sibling death, features of the family environment. Considering the practical implications, it may be emphasized that the ability of the living child to cope with the loss may depend on the willingness of parents to discuss the death of a sibling. Moreover, in order to plan the care and educational impact, gender, age, type and cause of sibling death should be taken into account.

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Garstang, Joanna J., Michael J. Campbell, Marta C. Cohen, et al. "Recurrent sudden unexpected death in infancy: a case series of sibling deaths." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 10 (2020): 945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318379.

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ObjectivesTo determine the rate of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) for infants born after a previous SUDI in the same family, and to establish the causes of death and the frequency of child protection concerns in families with recurrent SUDI.DesignObservational study using clinical case records.SettingThe UK’s Care of Next Infant (CONI) programme, which provides additional care to families who have experienced SUDI with their subsequent children.PatientsInfants registered on CONI between January 2000 and December 2015.Main outcome measuresCause of death, presence of modifiable risk factors for SUDI and child protection concerns.ResultsThere were 6608 live-born infants registered in CONI with 29 deaths. 26 families had 2 deaths, and 3 families had 3 deaths. The SUDI rate for infants born after one SUDI is 3.93 (95% CI 2.7 to 5.8) per 1000 live births. Cause of death was unexplained for 19 first and 15 CONI deaths. Accidental asphyxia accounted for 2 first and 6 CONI deaths; medical causes for 3 first and 4 CONI deaths; and homicide for 2 first and 4 CONI deaths. 10 families had child protection concerns.ConclusionsThe SUDI rate for siblings is 10 times higher than the current UK SUDI rate. Homicide presenting as recurrent SUDI is very rare. Many parents continued to smoke and exposed infants to hazardous co-sleeping situations, with these directly leading to or contributing to the death of six siblings. SUDI parents need support to improve parenting skills and reduce risk to subsequent infants.

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Beckwith, J. Brudce. "Sibling recurrence risk of sudden infant death syndrome." Journal of Pediatrics 117, no. 3 (1990): 513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81120-5.

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Burgess, Ann Wolbert, and M. Debbie Hines. "Sibling Conflict Triggered by a Mother's Pending Death." Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 2, no. 3 (2002): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/2.3.275.

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Mahon, Margaret M., and Mae L. Page. "Childhood bereavement after the death of a sibling." Holistic Nursing Practice 9, no. 3 (1995): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004650-199504000-00006.

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Fanos, Joanna H., and Bruce G. Nickerson. "Long-Term Effects of Sibling Death during Adolescence." Journal of Adolescent Research 6, no. 1 (1991): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074355489161006.

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Nelson, Barbara J., and Thomas T. Frantz. "Family Interactions of Suicide Survivors and Survivors of Non-Suicidal Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 33, no. 2 (1996): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3aq4-kuqe-kj4r-8q89.

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We studied the effects of the death of a child by suicide ( N = 34) versus non-suicide ( N = 46) on family dynamics of forty-one parents and thirty-nine surviving siblings. Participants were solicited through bereavement groups, flyers, and newspaper advertisements. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Bloom Family Interaction Scale, and a Closeness/Distance questionnaire about four years post death. Results included: 1) disengaged or conflicted families experienced greater distance while cohesive or expressive families reported more closeness; 2) sibling survivors felt closer to their fathers after the death than before and reported more family conflict than did parents; 3) there were no differences between suicide survivors and non-suicide survivors in perceived closeness between family pairs before or after the death.

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Birenbaum, Linda K., Michaelle Ann Robinson, David S. Phillips, Barbara J. Stewart, and Darlene E. McCown. "The Response of Children to the Dying and Death of a Sibling." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 20, no. 3 (1990): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dhgk-nmg8-ffr4-ufw9.

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This study investigated the behavioral adjustment of sixty-one children ages four to sixteen years during the terminal illness and first year following a sibling's death from cancer. Using the Child Behavior Checklist, data on behavior problems and competence were collected from parents and teachers. Data collection occurred before death during the terminal phase, and two weeks, four months, and one year post death. The results of data analysis by t-test comparisons generally indicated that the bereaved siblings demonstrated significantly higher levels of behavior problems and significantly lower social competence in comparison to normal children. The implications for practice are discussed.

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Morales, Sonia, Sedigheh Mirzaei Salehabadi, Deokumar Srivastava, et al. "Health and cancer concerns among siblings of childhood cancer survivors: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): 12117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.12117.

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12117 Background: Siblings of long-term survivors of childhood cancer can be at risk for persistent concerns regarding their future health and risk for cancer. We examined self-perceived future health and cancer risk concerns among such siblings. Methods: 3,969 siblings (median age 29 [range 18–56] years) of 5+ year matched pair cancer survivors (n= 3,969; age 25 [6–48] years; time since diagnosis 19.6 [9.6-33.8] years) in the CCSS self-reported physical/psychosocial problems, including concerns regarding future health and cancer risk (dichotomized as concerned vs not concerned). Chronic health conditions (CHC) were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events system: mild (grade 1), moderate (grade 2), severe/disabling (grade 3),or life-threatening (grade 4). Sibling demographics, their matched survivor’s diagnosis, era and treatment components, complications (death, relapse, disfigurement) as well as self-reported health status and CHCs for siblings and survivors were examined as potential risk factors for concern using multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. Results: The prevalence of siblings reporting concerns regarding health and cancer risk decreased based on decades of matched survivor diagnosis: 1970-79 (73.3%; 63.9%), 1980-89 (67.2%; 62.6%), 1990-99 (45.7%; 52.3%). Risk factors for concerns included sibling poor/fair current health (future health OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.37-5.62; cancer risk OR 1.54, 1.12-2.13) compared to good/very good/excellent health. Sibling grade 2 (future health OR 1.46, 1.23-1.74; cancer risk OR 1.20, 1.01-1.42) or grade 3-4 CHCs (future health OR 1.37, 1.09-1.71; cancer risk OR 1.28, 1.03-1.58) were associated with greater concerns compared to those with less than grade 2 CHCs. Survivor treatment with chemotherapy/radiation was associated with elevated cancer risk concerns (OR 1.51, 1.13-2.02) compared to surgery/no therapy. Siblings of survivors with grade 3-4 CHCs (OR 1.35, 1.12-1.63) had greater future health concerns compared to those with less than grade 2 CHCs. Sibling bereavement was a risk factor for future health (OR 1.45, 1.04-2.03) and cancer risk (OR 1.44, 1.05-1.99) concerns. Conclusions: The prevalence of sibling concerns regarding future health and cancer have diminished in more recent decades. Subgroups of siblings are at-risk for concerns over future health and cancer risk, partially determined by medical characteristics of their survivor and their own health status.

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Khang, Minsoo, Dong Hun Lee, and Yewon Kim. "Parental Perceptions of Surviving Sibling Grief Responses to an Adolescent’s Violent and Sudden Death by the Sewol Ferry Disaster in South Korea." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 81, no. 3 (2018): 454–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818777340.

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The aim of this study was to provide empirical descriptions of responses to the death of a sibling to the sinking of the Sewol ferry in South Korea. 16 bereaved parents are interviewed regarding their surviving children's grief responses at approximately 2 years after the death. The surviving siblings described by the bereaved parents are 14 in total, including 8 teens in their 10s and 4 young adults in their 20s. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis method. The following themes emerged: (a) negative behavioral changes, (b) expressions of grief, (c) change in relationship with parents, (d) school adjustment problems, and (e) social changes. Unique aspects of the grief responses among the surviving siblings in this study are noted. Discussions and implications are provided based on the results.

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Cicirelli, V. G. "Sibling Death and Death Fear in Relation to Depressive Symptomatology in Older Adults." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 64B, no. 1 (2009): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbn024.

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Machajewski, Valerie, and Rebecca Kronk. "Childhood Grief Related to the Death of a Sibling." Journal for Nurse Practitioners 9, no. 7 (2013): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.03.020.

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MOSS, SIDNEY Z., and MIRIAM S. MOSS. "The Impact of the Death of an Elderly Sibling." American Behavioral Scientist 33, no. 1 (1989): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764289033001009.

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Haugen, Alek E., Jonathan R. Preszler, Matthew L. Cookman, and Alan R. King. "Sibling Death and Adult Maladjustment Indices: A Brief Report." Journal of Loss and Trauma 21, no. 4 (2015): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2015.1048152.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Death of sibling'

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