Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déboisement – Pays en voie de développement – Modèles économétriques'
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Duval, Laetitia. "Déterminants et implications des transferts migratoires à destination des pays en développement." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4011.
Full textThis thesis proposes four original empirical contributions on the determinants and effects of remittances to developing countries. Using bilateral remittance data from National Bank of Romania, we show that remittances are considered as implicit loan repayments. We find that education and geographic distance positively influence remittances over the period 2005-2007. Using the LSMS panel data collected by the World Bank in Albania from 2002 to 2004, we find that a mix of altruism and exchange may explain the pattern of remittances. We also find that remittances have a positive impact on financial satisfaction of the recipients. This result is robust to the correction of selection either on observables or unobservables. Using the same dataset, we find that Albanian households are more optimistic about the future when they have experienced an improvement of their financial situation in the part and when they have received remittances from foreign countries. Nevertheless, when comparing realized changes and financial expectations, they tend to significantly overestimate their future financial situation over the period 2002-2004. Using a sample of 122 developing countries, we analyze the effect of remittances on environment, with a focus of deforestation in developing countries. We find that the share of remittances in GDP reduces the rate of deforestation over the period 1990-2005
Cogneau, Denis. "Inégalités et développement : quatre études économétriques." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0034.
Full textAbdouni, Abdejabbarl. "Ouverture et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement : Contribution théorique et identification des liens empiriques à l'aide de l'économétrie des données de panel." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX24013.
Full textSadqi, Mohamed. "Émigration temporaire et développement économique dans le pays d'origine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27884.
Full textNgbako, Alphonse. "Modèles monétaires et marchés financiers informels en économie sous-développée : un cadre macro-économique keynésien." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100211.
Full textBaur, Suzanne. "Les avantages comparatifs et les limites de la coopération allemande au développement dans les pays en développement (PED)." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020082.
Full textGermany has been confronted with political, economical and social consequences of the german reunification since 1989. In reason of its internal preoccupations, this study will analyze how the german cooperation helps the unless developed countries and if its aid development is efficient. For this, the german history and the creation of different organizations are playing an important role. The application of the comparative advantages analysis, which defines the german aid efficience, introduce a spezialisation to the comparative advantages of germany (and also of other governments), and has also to lead to a better ressource allocation in the third world. Divers aid projects and development sectors are analysed. A comparative study will demonstrate that germany is not only interested in humanitarian motives, but also in economical and commercial motives. In addition to these results, a new developement model for germany is necessary by considering the german government and its private politic. Some german advantages should be integrated in this new conception of the german development cooperation. .
Hanchane, Hicham. "Investissement direct étranger, capital humain et croissance économique dans les pays en développement : une proposition théorique et approches empirique [sic] de validations à l’aide des données de panel." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2001.
Full textThis work of thesis concentrates on the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the economic growth of developing countries. It is interested both in the theoretical aspect of the subject by using the models of endogenous growth and in its empirical aspect by using econometrics of the panel data. The theoretical and empirical literature confirms the positive impact of these flows of FDI on the economic growth of the host countries. According to the model I propose in the third chapter, this impact however is not always positive on the economy of the host countries. Indeed, the FDI can have a negative effect on the developing countries, if the technological difference between the multinational firms and the local firms is large and if these latter do not have a level of sufficient qualified labour. The empirical study, while using the econometrics of the panel data on 30 developing countries observed from 1982 to 1996, confirms these theoretical predictions. In order to obtain more robust results I varied the methods of specification of heterogeneity non observed (instrumental variable (IV) and GMM within the static and dynamic framework)
Ngayaba, Pépin Ambroise. "Localisation géographique de la production et intégration régionale dans les pays en développement : les apports de la nouvelle économie géographique à l'étude du développement." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24015.
Full textJuillet, Anne. "Approche économétrique de la demande de soins des pays en voie de développement : les recours aux services de santé à Bamako." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010032.
Full textIn 1980's, encouraged by international institutions, most of African Sub-Saharian countries introduced mechanisms of market in their health care system and abandoned free medical cares. In this thesis, we propose an econometric approach not only of the impact of introduction of medical charges, but also of the variation of the demand with sick person's and their family's income. In introduction, we explain the context in which these countries were induced to reform financing of their health care system, specially in mali. In the first part, we propose an analysis of economic and econometric tools that were use by international backers to prove what are price-effects and income-effects on demand for health care. Finally, in a second part, we illustrate the theoretical approach with an empirical study of the impact of prices and incomes on demand for health care in bamako
Hannafi, Cyrine. "The poverty-GDP per capita-health triangle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0573.
Full textIn the first chapter, a dynamic system of simultaneous equations is estimated using country-level panel data from developing countries to identify the dynamic causal structural relationships between Poverty, GDP per capita and Health. For this, innovative econometric methods for incomplete panel data are used to correct for endogeneity and the selectivity issues coming from missing data on poverty. In the second chapter, we estimate rather the cointegration relationships between the three factors, using country-level panel data from developing countries. We conduct a panel data cointegration in order to estimate long run relationships and causality tests. We estimate also a VECM model and we compute Impulse response functions. In the third chapter, we investigate socioeconomic and religious/ethnic local determinants of the current Syrian conflict. For this, we match monthly data from the Syrian Martyr panel database from March 2011 to April 2016 at community level with socioeconomic factors from the 2004 Census and with geolocalised luminosity from space. We also construct detailed ethnic/religious indicators. We use nighttime light intensity as a proxy for the population during the conflict and investigate the dynamics of the conflict with including past levels of the dependent variable
Atsin, Aimeric Laurent. "Incidences de la crise économique mondiale sur les pays en voie de développement : cas de la Côte d'Ivoire : analyse macroéconomique en équilibre générale calculable des canaux de transmissions de la crise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22202.
Full textLawin, Kotchikpa Gabriel, and Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin. "Droits de propriété foncière, aversion au risque et performance des petits producteurs agricoles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28226.
Full textCette thèse examine d’une part, l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur la performance des petits producteurs agricoles et d’autre part, le rôle de l’aversion au risque dans la diversification des cultures au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Elle est subdivisée en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre fait la revue critique des méthodes et résultats des études empiriques qui analysent l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur la performance des petits producteurs agricoles des pays en développement. Il montre que les résultats des études empiriques antérieures sont contrastés quant aux effets réels du droit de propriété. L’hétérogénéité des résultats est liée à la fois aux techniques d’évaluation utilisées et au contexte local de gestion du système foncier. Toutefois, les résultats convergent vers une endogénéité entre le droit de propriété et la performance des producteurs dans les contextes où la gestion coutumière du foncier est prédominante. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur l’adoption des innovations agro-environnementales. Il utilise la méthode d’appariement par score de propension pour sélectionner les observations ayant les mêmes caractéristiques observables pour tenir compte du biais de sélection sur les variables observables. Il se base ensuite sur le modèle d’effet de traitement endogène multinomial développé par Deb et Trivedi (2006) pour tenir compte de l’endogénéité entre le droit de propriété et l’adoption d’innovation agro-environnementale. Le chapitre utilise des données détaillées au niveau des parcelles collectées au Bénin sur un échantillon de 2 800 petits producteurs et 4 233 parcelles. Il montre que les petits producteurs adoptent plus intensément les innovations agro-environnementales sur les parcelles dont ils sont propriétaires en comparaison aux parcelles prêtées, louées ou en métayage. Le troisième chapitre utilise le modèle de sélection de Greene (2010) pour les fonctions stochastiques de frontière appliquée à une fonction de distance en output et en combinaison avec la méthode d’appariement pour analyser l’impact de la sécurité foncière sur l’efficacité technique des petits producteurs agricoles. Il utilise également la méthode non paramétrique DEA (méthode d’enveloppement des données) pour analyser l’effet de la sécurité foncière sur la productivité agricole et décomposer cet effet en écart d’efficacité technique et en écart technologique entre les propriétaires terriens et les non-propriétaires. En se basant sur les données d’enquête au Bénin, il montre que les non-propriétaires ont en moyenne un niveau d’efficacité technique plus élevé et sont plus productifs que les propriétaires terriens. Par contre, les propriétaires affichent un net avantage technologique. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur l’effet de l’aversion au risque sur la diversification des cultures chez les petits producteurs agricoles au Burkina Faso. Une expérience terrain sous forme de loterie a été conduite pour mesurer l’aversion au risque des producteurs. Trois indices de diversité spatiale adaptés de la littérature en économie de l’environnement ont été utilisés pour mesurer la diversification des cultures au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Les résultats montrent que l’aversion au risque a un effet négatif et significatif sur la diversification des cultures. Les producteurs averses au risque se concentrent plus sur la production des cultures traditionnelles moins risquées et à faible valeur marchande.
This thesis examines the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers and the role of risk aversion in crop diversification at the farm level. The dissertation is structured in four chapters. The first chapter provides a literature review of the methods and results of empirical studies that analyze the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers in developing countries. It shows that the results of previous empirical studies are mixed about the real effects of property rights. The heterogeneity of the results is related both to the evaluation techniques used and to the local context of the tenure system’s management. However, the results converge towards an endogeneity between the property rights and the performance of smallholder farmers in contexts where customary land management is predominant. The second chapter analyzes the impact of land tenure differences on the adoption of agri-environmental innovations. It uses the propensity score matching method to select observations with the same observable characteristics to account for selection bias stemming from observed variables. In addition, possible self-selection arising from unobserved variables is addressed using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model developed by Deb and Trivedi (2006). The chapter uses detailed cross-sectional plot-level dataset collected in Benin and covering a sample of 2,800 smallholder farmers and 4,233 plots. The results indicate that the intensity of the adoption of agri-environmental practices is consistently higher on owned plots than borrowed, rented or sharecropped plots. The third chapter uses the sample selection model introduced by Greene (2010) in stochastic frontier functions applied to a distance function in output and in combination with the matching method to analyze the impact of land security on technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Benin. It also uses the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to analyze the effect of land tenure on agricultural productivity and to decompose this effect into a technical efficiency gap and technological differential between landowners and non-owners. The results show that non-owners are on average more productive than landowners because of their greater technical efficiency, while landowners have a technological advantage. The fourth chapter examines the effect of risk aversion on crop diversification among smallholder farmers in Burkina Faso. A field experiment in a form of lottery was conducted to measure producers' risk aversion. To measure crop diversification, we use three indices of spatial diversity in crop species adapted from the ecological economics literature. The results show that risk aversion has a negative and significant effect on crop diversification. Risk-averse producers focus more on the production of traditional, less risky and low market value crops.
This thesis examines the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers and the role of risk aversion in crop diversification at the farm level. The dissertation is structured in four chapters. The first chapter provides a literature review of the methods and results of empirical studies that analyze the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers in developing countries. It shows that the results of previous empirical studies are mixed about the real effects of property rights. The heterogeneity of the results is related both to the evaluation techniques used and to the local context of the tenure system’s management. However, the results converge towards an endogeneity between the property rights and the performance of smallholder farmers in contexts where customary land management is predominant. The second chapter analyzes the impact of land tenure differences on the adoption of agri-environmental innovations. It uses the propensity score matching method to select observations with the same observable characteristics to account for selection bias stemming from observed variables. In addition, possible self-selection arising from unobserved variables is addressed using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model developed by Deb and Trivedi (2006). The chapter uses detailed cross-sectional plot-level dataset collected in Benin and covering a sample of 2,800 smallholder farmers and 4,233 plots. The results indicate that the intensity of the adoption of agri-environmental practices is consistently higher on owned plots than borrowed, rented or sharecropped plots. The third chapter uses the sample selection model introduced by Greene (2010) in stochastic frontier functions applied to a distance function in output and in combination with the matching method to analyze the impact of land security on technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Benin. It also uses the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to analyze the effect of land tenure on agricultural productivity and to decompose this effect into a technical efficiency gap and technological differential between landowners and non-owners. The results show that non-owners are on average more productive than landowners because of their greater technical efficiency, while landowners have a technological advantage. The fourth chapter examines the effect of risk aversion on crop diversification among smallholder farmers in Burkina Faso. A field experiment in a form of lottery was conducted to measure producers' risk aversion. To measure crop diversification, we use three indices of spatial diversity in crop species adapted from the ecological economics literature. The results show that risk aversion has a negative and significant effect on crop diversification. Risk-averse producers focus more on the production of traditional, less risky and low market value crops.
Nketcha, Nana Pierre Valere. "Essays on bank intermediation in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25381.
Full textThis dissertation consists of three empirical essays on issues of bank intermediation in developing countries. The first essays seeks to improve our understanding of why banks in Africa are hoarding large volume of liquid assets. Prevailing explanations of this phenomenon have focused mostly on the role of credit risk. Yet, modern models of financial intermediation show that a high exposure to liquidity risk may also prompt banks to hoard large amounts of (precautionary) liquid reserves. We argue that this risk is important in Africa; and using data over the 1994-2008 period, we provide evidence indicating that it contributes significantly to the hoarding of bank liquid assets. This evidence suggests that liquidity risk reduces the share of deposits that African banks can channel into credits, which therefore, can adversely affect the availability of bank credit. The second and the third essays focus on the issue of the determinants of the availability of bank credit, or the lack thereof, in developing countries. In the second essay, we (re-)consider the role of credit risk, or more generally, of credit market institutions. Specifically, we use new data and improved measures from Doing Business, to reexamine the issue of the relationships between creditor rights protection and credit information sharing on one hand, and bank credit on the other hand. The data covers a large sample of 143 countries and are taken in averages over the period 2006-2010. Our results indicate the robustness of earlier evidence that both stronger creditor rights protection and better credit information sharing are associated with greater availability of bank credit. We find that these effects are significant even when the sample is restricted to include either developing countries only or poor countries only. In the third essay we consider the role of liquidity risk and monetary policy. These two factors have not received much attention in previous empirical studies on the determinants of bank credit in developing countries. Using a panel dataset which covers 97 lowand middle-income countries over the 2004-2010 period, we show that liquidity risk and monetary policy are actually important determinants of the availability of bank credit in developing countries. We find important heterogeneity in the results: both liquidity risk and monetary policy have greater effects on bank credit in economies with better credit market conditions, but much smaller and even not statistically significant effects in economies with poor credit market conditions. This result is important because it suggests that, at least in some developing countries, those with a relatively low level of credit risk, reducing the exposure of banks to liquidity risk, and/or implementing a less restrictive monetary policy, are effective channels through which the availability of bank credit could be enhanced. For countries with a relatively high level of credit risk, such channels would be ineffective; in these countries, reducing credit risk is of first order importance to stimulate bank lending.
Kyui, Natalia. "L' analyse microéconométrique des besoins d'éducation et des retours en éducation." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010047.
Full textBouchard, Nathalie. "Les hommes gagnent-ils à soutenir l'égalité des sexes en milieu de travail ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24804/24804.pdf.
Full textFaton, Elfried. "Three essays in labor economics and the economics of networks." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36239.
Full textDeybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Full textNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Diarra, Lacina. "Essays on Structural Change, Agricultural and Economic Development." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69032.
Full textThis thesis investigates the relationship between land institutions and the agricultural labor transition to the non-agricultural sector. It also explores the effect of a large-scale labor movement out of the farming sector on sectoral efficiency. It consists of three chapters. The first chapter uses micro-level data from Uganda to identify the causal effect of land tenure security on the likelihood that a household switches from the agricultural to the nonagricultural sector as a source of livelihood. We first develop a parsimonious occupational choice model in which households face heterogeneous costs of switching from the agricultural to the non-agricultural sector. Using farmland as collateral for loans can help finance these costs provided the switcher has secured property rights over it. We use this theoretical model to derive the empirical binary-choice model to be estimated. We compare two models that mitigate endogeneity issues, including the biprobit and the special regressor (SR) model. We find that a one percent increase in the proportion of titled plots owned by a household increases the probability that its members engage in off-farm activities by 9.02%, for the biprobit model, and by 11.6% for the SR model. The second chapter uses data from three rounds of the Tanzania Living Standard Survey to analyze the causal effect of household land tenure security on children's primary school completion probabilities conditional on gender. School attendance being considered as a reallocation of child labor to a non-agricultural opportunity. The empirical strategy accounts for educational selectivity and relies on a biprobit model to obtain consistent estimates of this causal effect. I find that land tenure security positively and significantly affects children's primary school completion, with an effect strongly driven by girls. Land tenure security increases girls' primary school completion probabilities by roughly 3.68 − 6.3 percentage points but has an ambiguous effect on boys' probabilities. These results suggest that land tenure security v could be an effective policy lever to reduce the gender gap in education and increase school completion rate in rural areas. The third chapter investigates the relationship between off-farm work participation and technical efficiency among smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Incorporating the correlated random effects (CRE) approach to Greene's "true" stochastic frontier model, I account formally for potential endogeneity issues. The results suggest that participation in non-agricultural work increases technical efficiency by 13.32 percentage points. The average technical inefficiency is 0.2489, indicating that farmers produce below the optimal technical frontier, with a 24.89% deviation from the production frontier. These results imply that there is a potential for rural farmers to increase agricultural output even with the current level of available factors of production. Reallocating labor to its best possible use, combined with crop choices based on market signals, would increase overall agricultural production by 24.89 percentage points.
Kurt, Ozan Ekin. "Post-Keynesian models of income distribution and growth : applications to developing countries." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD068.
Full textThe aim of this PhD dissertation is to analyze the short-term impact offunctional income distribution on aggregate demand and its components in South Korea,Thailand, and China within a post-Keynesian framework. For this purpose, thedissertation proposes a theoretical model, and estimates its parameters for characterizingdemand regimes in these countries. Econometric analysis shows that domestic economiesof the countries are wage-led except for Thailand, in which some measures of incomedistribution point to a profit-led domestic demand regime, while total economies areprofit-led. The results indicate that pro-labor growth policies are not viable in the shortrun in these countries. The dissertation reviews the theories of income distribution andgrowth, offers a survey of the empirical literature on the post-Keynesian models ofincome distribution and growth, presents the theoretical model proposed, and undertakesan analysis of demand regimes in South Korea, Thailand, and China. Finally, thedissertation addresses the shortcomings of the model, summarizes its findings discussesthe implied policy conclusions
Ngouhouo, Ibrahim. "Les investissements directs étrangers en Afrique centrale : attractivité et effets économiques." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274376.
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