Academic literature on the topic 'Debt money'

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Journal articles on the topic "Debt money"

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Lawson, Tony. "Debt as Money." Cambridge Journal of Economics 42, no. 4 (2018): 1165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bey006.

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Gulati, Palak. "Debt :." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 4, no. 1 (2016): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v4i1.98.

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Most histories of money are histories of coins and tokens but, coins come and go with empires. Money has much deeper roots in the form of obligation that binds together even the simplest societies. As Brent Ranalli puts it, “It takes an anthropologist to write a truly universal economic history, and that is what David Graeber has accomplished with ‘Debt: The First 5,000 Years’. With its wide scope, Debt offers valuable perspective on contemporary issues. The problem of economic insecurity that makes basic income so urgent today is not a unique feature of modernity or capitalism (though modern
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Sgambati, Stefano. "The Significance of Money Beyond Ingham’s Sociology of Money." European Journal of Sociology 56, no. 2 (2015): 307–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975615000144.

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AbstractUnderstanding money requires that we first grasp what makes money so significant—so valuable—to us. The article thus examines the sociology outlined by Geoffrey Ingham and criticises its ontology of money as a measure of value underpinned by state authority. By contrast, it argues that money ought to be primarily intended as value in itself. Accordingly, money’s most specific attribute is none of its canonical functions but rather purchasing power: the power not to pay, or else the power to buy time. The latter is not the mere product of state (fiscal) agency, but is entangled from the
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Dr, Agus Pandoman. "Brainstorming; Brics Currencies Money Paradoxes: Gold Standardized Money System, Why it changed to a Sustainable Sovereign Debt Standardized Currency System - A Study of the History of the World Financial System." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 11 (2024): 8744–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14258024.

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The distribution of money was transformed into the concept of debt in various forms, including the use of money as an instrument of loans and gifts. The rules of money have completely changed and are heavily skewed towards the benefit of the rich and powerful. Has begun. The US dollar is no longer money, but a currency. The Britton Woods agreement, the gold-standard dollar is over... We Gave Our Word To You But We Don't Have To Keep It1 The dollar became Monopoly Money. After that, the biggest economic boom in history began. In 2009, when the economy ran aground, the central bankers of the wor
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Prastyaningtyas, Efa Wahyu. "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Debt Habits." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 5 (2022): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220530.

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Debt can be an attractive option for individuals who want more than the money they have. However, debt without a good calculation will also result in someone being in debt for a long time. Debt without education is a common thing in the village of Baleturi Nganjuk. There Were six credit institutions that have 270 customers with a large amount of money owed. This research was a qualitative research that aimed to describe what factors influence the residents of Baleturi village in debt. The instruments used were interviews, document review and observation. The sampling technique used was snow ba
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Garzón Espinosa, Eduardo. "The origin of money from the money-debt approach." Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought 6, no. 1 (2019): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/ijhe.64117.

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There are two fundamental approaches to the nature and origin of money that are incompatible with each other: money-commodity and money-debt. The first one has occupied a hegemonic position in the academy —and so outside it— throughout history. On the other hand, the money-debt approach was developed in response to the conventional view, although it currently occupies a marginal place in the academic sphere and is barely known beyond it. Despite its low popularity, the unorthodox outlook of money-debt is much more useful in order to understand the origin and nature of money; and represents a m
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Rahmatian, Andreas. "Money as a Legally Enforceable Debt." European Business Law Review 29, Issue 2 (2018): 205–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2018008.

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Money is usually regarded as a subject in the domain of economists, but it is really a fundamentally legal notion. In fact, it is a creation of the law. Money is a special object of property, and at the same time a form of debt, enforceable by law which ultimately confers on it the quality of money. The concept of dematerialised property assists in describing the concept of money accurately. The article discusses the different types of money, and the creation of money through central banks and through commercial banks by giving credit. It explores the possible legal foundation of this money cr
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Dietsch, Peter. "Money creation, debt, and justice." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 20, no. 2 (2021): 151–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x21999736.

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Theories of justice rely on a variety of criteria to determine what social arrangements should be considered just. For most theories, the distribution of financial resources matters. However, they take the existence of money as a given and tend to ignore the way in which the creation of money impacts distributive justice. Those with access to collateral are favoured in the creation of credit or debt, which represents the main form of money today. Appealing to the idea that access to credit confers freedom, and that inequalities in this freedom are morally arbitrary, this article shows how the
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Maslov, Dmytro. "Modern Money and National Debt." Path of Science 5, no. 2 (2019): 3011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.43-4.

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Freudenthal, Mirjam. "Money Debt Collection: A Comparison." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 4, no. 1 (1997): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x9700400104.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Debt money"

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Ranieri, Andrea <1991&gt. "STORY OF A CRISIS: MONEY, DEBT AND REAL ESTATE." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9577.

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Adair Turner considering debts, and mortgages in particular, said that the sudden and huge creation of debts is a problem if the money has spent to buy existing assets. He disapproves the theory about what banks do, in fact in our days they do not collect and borrow money. Turner said that banks create money and so purchasing power. And a lot of this money has spent to invest in real estate, for housing and commercial reasons. The lack of free land in the urban centres and the increasing supply of credit make “boom and bust” an inevitable result. Analyse this subject is interesting because t
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Brun, Frank Michael. "Credit Creation Banking: a licence to print money within the paradox of debt." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28571.

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The essence of the capitalist engine, as Geoffrey Ingham tells us in ‘Capitalism’ is the ability by banks to be able to create credit money on nothing but a promise to repay. This thesis investigates whether the two major financial crises of the last 100 years are symptomatic of the fact that money is just too important to be left to banks to create simply through the issuance of debt. The Great Depression, beginning after the stock market crash of 1929, and then the Great Financial Crisis of 2007/09, were the stimulants for two major debates on monetary reform. This study addresses these deba
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Carrier, Brent L. 1962. "Will the emergence of public debt capital in construction financing be "smart money?"." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64900.

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Schlegel, Jonas [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Illing. "Debt, leverage and money markets in times of crisis / Jonas Schlegel ; Betreuer: Gerhard Illing." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179075862/34.

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Musonda, Mary-Anne. "Other people's money: does external debt improve economic growth performance of Frontier market economies?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32334.

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Sources of long-term growth in an economy hinge on the productive potential of the country. Major contributing factors in the production of an economy include the population representing the labour force, advanced technological inputs, investment and capital accumulation. External debt can be viewed as a critical additional income stream to enhance the productive capacity of an economy, and to supplement internal investment in cases where internal investment is not sufficient to fund economic growth focused projects and activities. However, external debt also has devastating effects on economi
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Siverland, Susanne. "Where do you save most money on refactoring?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3001.

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A mature code-base of 1 300 000 LOC for a period of 20 months has been examined. This paper investigates if churn is a significant factor in finding refactoring candidates. In addition it looks at the variables Lines of Code (LOC), Technical Debt (TD), Duplicated lines and Complexity to find out if any of these indicators can inform a coder as to what to refactor. The result is that churn is the strongest variable out of the studied variables followed by LOC and TD.<br>En kodbas på 1 300 000 rader kod har undersökts under 20 månader. Denna uppsats undersöker om kodens användningsfrekvens är en
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Monteiro, Marta de Melo Dias. "The unavoidable link between credit expansion and money creation." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12872.

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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O propósito desta dissertação é clarificar a ligação entre criação de dinheiro e expansão de crédito, explicando como é realmente criada a moeda, e como a clara percepção desta ligação pode ajudar a encontrar soluções para a crise económica. Depois da Grande recessão de 2007/08 muitos esforços foram tomados a nível global mas muitos países ainda enfrentam preocupações relativas ao seu desenvolvimento económico. Estas medidas serão explicadas e os seus resultados analisados. Distinguindo os países que emitem a própria moeda dos outros, como os países da zona Euro, é poss
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Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev та О. О. Шевчун. "Сучасні грошові системи". Thesis, СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61001.

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студентська робота<br>У тезах студентської доповіді розглядається історія розвитку грошей та історія розвитку грошових систем.<br>В тезисах студенческого доклада рассматривается история развития денег и история развития денежных систем.<br>In the theses of the student's report, the history of the development of money and the history of the development of money systems is considered.<br>немає
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Sharp, Deborah Marie. "College Students’ Attitudes towards Credit Card Debt & Savings." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268156217.

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Nastansky, Andreas, Alexander Mehnert, and Hans Gerhard Strohe. "A vector error correction model for the relationship between public debt and inflation in Germany." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/5024/.

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In the paper, the interaction between public debt and inflation including mutual impulse response will be analysed. The European sovereign debt crisis brought once again the focus on the consequences of public debt in combination with an expansive monetary policy for the development of consumer prices. Public deficits can lead to inflation if the money supply is expansive. The high level of national debt, not only in the Euro-crisis countries, and the strong increase in total assets of the European Central Bank, as a result of the unconventional monetary policy, caused fears on inflating natio
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Books on the topic "Debt money"

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Limited, Mintel International Group, ed. European money transmission and debt. Mintel International Group Limited, 1998.

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Mooney, Annabelle, and Evi Sifaki, eds. The Language of Money and Debt. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57568-1.

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Gray, Jim. A guide to money advicein Scotland. Drumchapel Community Organisations Council, 1992.

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Hom, Tony. Master your money power. Rodale Press, 1994.

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Naylor, R. T. Hot money and the politics of debt. 2nd ed. Black Rose Books, 1994.

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Brady, John. Living in debt: A money advice report. National Money Advice Training Unit, 1989.

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Margaret, Reiter, ed. Solve your money troubles: Debt, credit & bankruptcy. Nolo, 2011.

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Graeber, David. Debt: The First 5,000 Years. Melville House, 2011.

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Zulu, Jack Jones. "Where does the money go?": Servicing debt versus servicing people : research report. Jubilee-Zambia/Debt Project, 2002.

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Reiff, Tana. Play money. Grass Roots Press, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Debt money"

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Yamaguchi, Kaoru, and Yokei Yamaguchi. "Debt Money System is Debt End!" In Public Money. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6564-5_6.

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Connelly, Stephen. "Money and debt." In Finance Law. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003457220-1.

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Sahadeo, Christine. "Debt Management." In Financial Literacy and Money Script. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77075-8_4.

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Bird, Graham. "Oil Prices and Debt." In Managing Global Money. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09588-9_11.

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Boardman, Marty. "Private Money: Debt Partners." In Fixing and Flipping Real Estate. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4645-9_22.

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Hopenhayn, Benjamin, and Marcelo Dinenzon. "Debt and World Money." In Economic Development and World Debt. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20044-3_15.

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Yamaguchi, Kaoru, and Yokei Yamaguchi. "Debt Money as a Means of Control." In Public Money. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6564-5_10.

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Yamaguchi, Kaoru, and Yokei Yamaguchi. "99% of Your Money is Someone’s Debt." In Public Money. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6564-5_3.

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Cardoso, José Luís. "The political context of 1820 and the urgent need to create a bank." In Money, Debt and Politics. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003355625-4.

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Cardoso, José Luís. "Concluding remarks." In Money, Debt and Politics. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003355625-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Debt money"

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Khidasheli, Mirza. "Looming Sovereign Debt Crisis – What’s Wrong with State-Regulated Economics." In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.4.

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On January 19, 2023, the United States hit its debt ceiling, leading to a debt-ceiling crisis. US sovereign debt, for decades, was considered a risk-free investment, but the 2023 US debt ceiling crisis shocked the financial world. The COVID-19 pandemic has hung a heavy burden on public finances. Quarantined economic activity heavily affected state budget revenues all over the world. Before the Covid-19 crisis, there was the 2008 financial crisis with its famous outcomes, when economic stimulus was provided including state budget programs financed by sovereign debts. It was still pandemic circu
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Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis, Maria Kyropoulou, and Hao Zhou. "Forgiving Debt in Financial Network Games." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/48.

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We consider financial networks, where nodes correspond to banks and directed labeled edges correspond to debt contracts between banks. Maximizing systemic liquidity, i.e., the total money flow, is a natural objective of any financial authority. In particular, the financial authority may offer bailout money to some bank(s) or forgive the debts of others in order to maximize liquidity, and we examine efficient ways to achieve this. We study the computational hardness of finding the optimal debt-removal and budget-constrained optimal bailout policy, respectively, and we investigate the approximat
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Topcu, Mustafa Kemal, Poyraz Gürson, Halil İbrahim Ülker, and Turan Erman Erkan. "EU Debt Crisis and Contagious Effect via Transmission Mechanisms: Possible Effects on Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00641.

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The common features of the crises, which are resulted from global crisis rooted from the US and emerged in Euro Zone sequentially, are the rate of public debt and budget deficit of GNP far from reflecting Maastricht criteria. Beginning in Greece in 2009, it has been seen in Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain in a recent time. Although money union is established, leaving financial policies to country’s own initiative resulted in unsolved problems. Seeking solutions with IMF led to some sustainability programs. However, expectations show that debts will not be overcome for a long period. Toward
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Adak, Naba Kumar. "MODERN MONEY THEORY, BY DEFINING MONEY AS STATE-ISSUED DEBT INSTRUMENT, FAILED TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SPENDING FOR SECURING FULL EMPLOYMENT; BUT SUCCEEDED IN BLURRING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF MONEY." In 54th International Academic Virtual Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2020.054.002.

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Burentegsh, Dorjjugder, and Péter Elek. "Macroeconomic policy empirical analysis using an unrestricted standard VAR Model." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.11.

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This paper is mainly about key fiscal policy indicators and their interrelations between each other. The model that is used in the analysis is the Vector Autoregressive Model. There are seven variables selected: GDP, Money Supply, Government Revenue, Government Expenditure, Export, Government Debt, and Global Copper Price. Besides VAR estimation, IRFs are computed to define how variables react to certain shocks. The key finding of the research is that both GDP and government revenue are sensitive to copper price changes and the resulting shock. Copper Price is an effective tool to predict thes
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Mano, Romeo, Armela Anamali, and Bitila Shosha. "Debt Financing during COVID-19 in Albania: Businesses by Activity." In 6th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2022 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2022.11.

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The first months of 2020 changed life dynamics, both individu­ally and globally. Concern about physical health was soon followed by con­cern about financial health. Companies, as the main contributors to society, faced a multitude of liabilities and costs, which they were not prepared for. The paralysis of economic activity inevitably led to a money supply deficit. This compelled governments, in cooperation with financial system agents, to alternate mechanisms that would hopefully curb the ‘domino’ effect but also inhibit a deep economic recession. The lack of liquidity to survive and operate
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Abdulkadhim Dadoosh, Ali. "ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MONETARY FINANCE AND THE PUBLIC BUDGET IN THE EURO AREA." In VII. International research Scientific Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47832/ist.con7-5.

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Monetary finance is a new policy from economic and political discussions concerning government spending. Until 2008, taxes (oil in oil-producing countries) and debt issuance were considered reasonable methods for understanding the balance of the general budget or financing deficits. Governments financed themselves through present taxation, traditional borrowing with repayment from future tax revenue, or financial surpluses resulting from oil price increases in global markets. However, after 2008, central banks resorted to unprecedented monetary finance policies, issuing large amounts of money
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Nyrhinen, Jussi, Anu Sirola, Lauri Frank, and Terhi-Anna Wilska. "An Ethical Perspective on Loot Box Purchasing - Examining Psychosocial Antecedents and the Association with Indebtedness." In 36th Bled eConference – Digital Economy and Society: The Balancing Act for Digital Innovation in Times of Instability. University of Maribor Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.6.2023.19.

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Loot boxes are popular random reward mechanisms in digital games, attracting players to invest real money to enhance their gaming experiences. Loot boxes share striking similarities to gambling and might contribute to one’s economic strain, but more research is needed on the underlying vulnerabilities and motivational traits in loot box purchasing. This paper examines associations with self-reported increase in loot box purchasing and debt problems during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. International survey data were collected in 2021, consisting of Finnish, Swedish, and British respo
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Mihaila, Nicoleta. "Tax havens. Theoretical concepts at international level." In Economic growth in the conditions of globalization. International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2022. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iii.2022.16.8.

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Tax havens are a recent concern of many countries; they reduce public revenues by encouraging tax evasion, avoiding legal regulations and losing financial flows. As a result, tax havens increase state debt, facilitate money laundering, fuel inequalities and exacerbate financial instability. In our paper we try to approach at a theoretical level the tax haven, more precisely, the definition of the concept itself and the main ways of supply (through tax optimization / tax evasion, transfer pricing, etc.), the issue of tax compliance (a cause of tax haven development is lack this compliance), as
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Karadjova, Vera, and Aleksandar Trajkov. "Basic Components and Indicators in Assessing Country Risk (Selected CEFTA Countries)." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.13.

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Country risk analysis has become extremely important in contem­porary conditions. This paper briefly discusses concepts, definitions, basic components, and some quantitative methods used to address various issues related to country risk in selected CEFTA countries. The paper also presents the indicative calculation of some of the elements and indicators for the selected countries, based on relevant available data, and in order to make a comparative analysis. Having in mind that country risk is a specific and complex macroeconomic risk, its determination and analysis is additionally complicated
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Reports on the topic "Debt money"

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Sheehan, Richard G. Is There a Stable Relationship Between Debt Growth and the Money Stock? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1985.013.

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Fee, Kyle D., and Brian Mikelbank. Providing Labor Market Context for Debt-Related Driver’s License Suspensions in Ohio. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20240228.

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More than 60 percent of Ohio’s driver’s license suspensions do not stem from bad driving; instead, they arise because the driver owes an unpaid debt. Debt-related suspensions (DRS) could prevent people from getting to work where they could make the money needed to repay the debt. In this report, we investigate whether DRS has implications for Ohio’s labor force.
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Felipe, Jesus, Scott Fullwiler, Gemma Estrada, Maria Hanna Jaber, Mary Ann Magadia, and Remrick Patagan. How “Monetization” Really Works—Examples from Nations’ Policy Responses to COVID-19. Asian Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200368-2.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has forced governments to provide stimulus packages amid falling tax revenues, prompting debate on “monetization” of government debt. Drawing on selected country experiences, this paper shows through actual central bank operations and accounting that “monetization,” commonly equated with “printing money,” is operationally impossible and that inflationary concerns are misplaced.
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Vestergaard, Jakob, and Daniela Gabor. Central Banks Caught Between Market Liquidity and Fiscal Disciplining: A Money View Perspective on Collateral Policy. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp170.

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Despite much attention to unconventional monetary policies after the financial crisis, the collateral policies of central banks are rarely discussed. And when they are, the haircuts applied to assets pledged to access central bank liquidity tend not to be analyzed. An exception to these trends is the recent work by Nyborg (2017), who argues that the collateral policies adopted by the European Central Bank (ECB) aggravated the sovereign debt crisis and put the survival of the euro at risk. Taking our point of departure in the money view literature (Mehrling 2011), we argue however that Nyborg’s
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White, William. Why The Monetary Policy Framework in Advanced Countries Needs Fundamental Reform. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp210.

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The objective pursued by most central banks in recent decades has been a low level of inflation. Since inflation was believed to respond to changes in unemployment, this implied a primary focus on labor markets and output gaps in the “real” economy when setting monetary policy. In contrast, “financial” sector developments were thought to be of no great importance. It is argued in this paper that monetary policy should be guided much more by financial sector developments (credit and debt) and much less by near term targets for inflation. This argument is first supported by an empirical review o
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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Alexander V. Graham, and Maha Sohail. Research Expertise and the Framework of Harms: Social Network Analysis, Phase One. GREO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2020.006.

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In 2019, the Gambling Commission announced a National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms. Underlying the strategy is the Framework of Harms, outlined in Measuring gambling-related harms: A framework for action. "The Framework" adopts a public health approach to address gambling-related harm in Great Britain across multiple levels of measurement. It comprises three primary factors and nine related subfactors. To advance the National Strategy, all componentsneed to be supported by a strong evidence base. This report examines existing research expertise relevant to the Framework amongacademics bas
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Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.

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At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax bur
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Ocampo-Gaviria, José Antonio, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, et al. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2023. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2023.

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Banco de la República is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2023. This is a very significant anniversary and one that provides an opportunity to highlight the contribution the Bank has made to the country’s development. Its track record as guarantor of monetary stability has established it as the one independent state institution that generates the greatest confidence among Colombians due to its transparency, management capabilities, and effective compliance with the central banking and cultural responsibilities entrusted to it by the Constitution and the Law. On a date as important as this,
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Financial Markets Report - Second Quarter 2023. Banco de la República, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rmf.eng2-trim.2023.

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Throughout the second quarter of the year, high inflation levels continued to ease, benefiting both the local public debt and that of counterparts in the region (Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Peru). Conversely, amid stronger-than-anticipated economic activity in developed economies and expectations of a more contractionary monetary policy path, public debt in these countries depreciated. Riskier assets were favored by an increase in risk appetite. Global inflationary pressures remain high, although showing a downward trend, while economic activity demonstrated greater resilience than expected. Ma
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value paymen
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