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Journal articles on the topic 'Debt, Public, 1914-'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nikolić, Srboljub, Milan Mihajlović, Igor Epler, and Nikola Milanović. "Economic consequences of the First World War." Trendovi u poslovanju 12, no. 2 (2024): 55–67. https://doi.org/10.5937/trendpos2402055n.

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The First World War (1914-1918) marked the beginning of the 20th century as one of the most destructive conflicts in human history. This paper analyzes the economic consequences of the war, focusing on the costs, both material and in terms of human losses, the major economic crisis, as well as the mortgage and agricultural crises. The central issue examined is the economic impact of the war on the world, with particular attention to its long-term effects. The hypothesis is that the war's consequences significantly shaped the economic and social landscape of the world throughout the 20th centur

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VERBYTSKA, POLINA. "PECULIARITIES OF WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ESTABLISHMENT IN GALICIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF BEREZHANY TEACHER'S SEMINARY." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 1 (2021): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.21.1.23.

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The study, based on archival sources and scientific publications, identifies a number of issues related to the history of the formation of women's educational institutions in Galicia in the early twentieth century. Coverage of the peculiarities of the formation and development of women's seminaries for teacher training in Ukraine as a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is considered on the example of the State Women's Teachers' Seminary in Berezhany. It has been found that the introduction of new educational institutions – men's and women's teache

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Dobrescu, Vasile. "Landmarks in the Evolution of the Main Types of Banking Operations of Albina in Sibiu 1872-1946. II." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Historia 3, no. 1 (2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsh-2021-0004.

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Abstract The 75 years history of Albina Bank reflects in its main characteristics that particularize it in the modern banking system the forms and crediting policies present in its statutes. The initial focus of the Albina Bank board was to activate a diverse palate of credit activities – in the first statute of the bank we can find no less than 15 types of loans. Few were actually accommodated, according to the possibilities of financing and also related to the social and economic background of the future debtors that came, the majority until 1918 from the rural areas. More so, the bank took

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4

Gordon, Brady, and MAGAZZINO COSIMO. "The Sustainability of Italian Public Debt and Deficit." International Advances in Economic Research 23 (April 10, 2021): 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-016-9623-7.

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In this paper, we analyse the sustainability of Italian public debt using a unique database, reconstructed by Forte (2011), which covers the years 1862–2013. The study focuses on empirical tests for the sustainability and solvency of Italian public finance. The results of unit root and stationarity tests show that public debt and deficit variables are non-stationary at levels, but stationary in first-differences form, or <em>I(1)</em>. However, some breaks in the series emerge, given internal and external crises (wars, oil shocks, regime changes, institutional reforms). Therefore, t

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McGaughey, Jane. "Blood-debts and Battlefields: Ulster Imperialism and Masculine Authority on the Western Front 1916–1918." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 20, no. 2 (2010): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044397ar.

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Men’s bodies were one of the more notable sites of conflict in Northern Ireland after the 1918 armistice. Long before the war was over, Ulstermen had become part of a public legacy of blood-sacrifice and the epic mythology of warrior manliness surrounding the 36th (Ulster) Division. The predominantly Protestant north-east of Ireland revelled in heroic language and romantic sentiment about their losses and the consequences of their sacrifice. For years after their most famous battle at the Somme on the 1st of July 1916, Unionists maintained a vibrant communal memory that pointedly excluded the

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DHALIWAL, DAN S., INDER K. KHURANA, and RAYNOLDE PEREIRA. "Firm Disclosure Policy and the Choice Between Private and Public Debt*." Contemporary Accounting Research 28, no. 1 (2010): 293–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01039.x.

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Brady, Gordon L., and Cosimo Magazzino. "Sustainability of Italian budgetary policies: a time series analysis (1862-2013)." European Journal of Government and Economics 6, no. 2 (2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2017.6.2.4326.

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In this paper, we analyze the sustainability of Italian public finances using a unique database covering the period 1862-2013. This paper focuses on empirical tests for the sustainability and solvency of fiscal policies. A necessary but not sufficient condition implies that the growth rate of public debt should in the limit be smaller than the asymptotic rate of interest. In addition, the debt-to-GDP ratio must eventually stabilize at a steady-state level. The results of unit root and stationarity tests show that the variables are non-stationary at levels, but stationary in first-differences f

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Kaske, Elisabeth. "Taxation, Trust, and Government Debt: State-Elite Relations in Sichuan, 1850–1911." Modern China 45, no. 3 (2018): 239–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700418796178.

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This article explores the shifting relationship between the state and the rural elites in Sichuan during the last decades of the Qing dynasty through the lens of taxation and public debt by using a creditor-debtor model as a theoretical framework. Sichuan’s unique rewarded land tax surcharge, called the “Contribution” and levied since 1864, established a relationship of symbolic and economic indebtedness of the imperial and local state to the taxpayer. Western-inspired reforms after 1898 directly attacked the symbolic and economic bonds established by the Contribution. The Railway Rent Share t

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Dorofeev, Mikhail L. "The Current Problem of the US Government Debt in the Context of Socioeconomic Inequality Regulation." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 54 (2021): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/54/16.

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Global debt has risen dangerously since the early 2000s, but most governments and central banks are more supportive of investors, because they keep printing money and buying back financial assets to provide markets and economy with liquidity. In this regard, we can see increasing concern not only about the growing debt burden of the world economy, but also about the impact of this problem on the dynamics of economic inequality. The aim of the work is to analyse and clarify the relationships between public debt and economic inequality in the USA for the period of 1910–2018. This study concludes

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Deja, Barbara Maria. "Renovation And Adaptation Of The Historic Olsztyn Purification House Bet Tahara Into A Public Utility Building." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 18, no. 3 (2015): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2015-0033.

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Abstract The historic Jewish Purification House Bet Tahara was erected in Olsztyn in 1913 on the basis of the debut design of Erich Mendelsohn, a world-famous architect born in Olsztyn. The most valuable element of the building is a self-supporting pyramid vault above a mourning hall. The paper presents the interesting structure of the building, its technical condition before renovation, as well as the scope of work involved in adapting it into a public utility building - MENDELSOHN HOUSE Intercultural Dialogue Centre. The undertaking was executed thanks to the commitment of the building’s lea

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Santarelli, Ignacio Martín. "El currículo médico, los alumnos y los docentes. ¿Cuál debe ser su papel?" Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba 79, no. 4 (2022): 408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v79.n4.36786.

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Un siglo después del informe Flexner en 1910 se publicó el libro titulado “Educating Physicians: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency”, que hizo un llamado a fortalecer la formación de la identidad profesional, integrar las ciencias básicas con el aprendizaje clínico e implementar la evaluación por competencias. La educación tradicional no es compatible con estas recomendaciones. A hacer se aprende haciendo, y la forma de lograrlo es “jugar el juego completo”.

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Gwaindepi, Abel, and Johan Fourie. "Public Sector Growth in the British Cape Colony: Evidence From New Data on Expenditure and Foreign Debt, 1830‐1910." South African Journal of Economics 88, no. 3 (2020): 341–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/saje.12257.

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Ferraz, Ricardo. "Testing the Sustainability of Fiscal Policy during the Portuguese First Republic Using Stationary and Cointegration Tests." Economies 11, no. 11 (2023): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies11110267.

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The Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926) was marked by significant instability at the most diverse levels. With a special focus on the financial dimension of this period, the objective of this paper is to test the sustainability of the Portuguese fiscal policy, also referred to as the sustainability of public finances itself. The methodology involves testing the stationarity of public debt and budget balance and also the cointegration between state revenue and expenditure. The results obtained shows that the state’s intertemporal budgetary constraint was violated during the First Republic reg

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Sulyak, Sergey G. "The Rusin theme in the works by Elizaveta Vodovozova." Rusin, no. 69 (2022): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/69/6.

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Elizaveta Nikolaevna Vodovozova (nee Tsevlovskaya, second marriage surname - Semevskaya; born August 5(17), 1844; died March 23, 1923), a graduate of Smolny Institute, was a Russian children's writer, memoirist, and a most prominent researcher and educator of her time. In the late 1860s, together with her husband Vasily Vodovozov, she went to Europe to learn the methods of family education and raising children in public institutions. Her journalistic debut “What Stops a Woman from Becoming Independent?” was a response to Nikolay Chernyshevsky's novel What Is To Be Done? The essay was published

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XUE, Qianlu, and Weilin FANG. "The Ideological Emancipation of Chinese Women and Its Idealistic Pursuit in the May 4th Movement." International Journal of Sino-Western Studies 21 (December 9, 2021): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.21.144.

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The May 4th Movement of 1919 is a significant period of ideological change in Chinese modern history, and in it is during this time that the ideological enlightenment of modern Chinese women made its debut. Led by modern intellectuals, they, from all angles, criticized the traditional social structure, traditional etiquette and feudal family system hindering the liberation and development of women, and further discussed the emancipation of women in terms of ideological education, economic independence, family status, freedom of marriage, ethics, social communication, as well as other relevant

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Kennedy, Gregory C. "Britain's Policy-Making Elite, the Naval Disarmament Puzzle, and Public Opinion, 1927–1932." Albion 26, no. 4 (1994): 623–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052249.

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Between 1927 and 1932, the policy-making elite of the British Government was presented with a difficult problem. Postwar attempts to explain the origins of the First World War had resulted in the belief that arms production and competition had largely been responsible for instigating the conflict. Such a view became accepted by the general public in Britain. Specifically, the pre-1914 naval competition between Germany and Great Britain was thought to be one of the key events that had contributed directly to the outbreak of the war. Such fears concerning naval armaments were touted by peace act

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Nogalski, Bogdan, Andrzej Kozłowski, and Iwona Zofia Czaplicka-Kozłowska. "Financial Security of the Public Sector Versus the Indebtedness of Local Self-Government." Internal Security 10, no. 1 (2018): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7522.

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The 19th and 20th century in the history of Poland was primarily a time of foreign domination by neighbouring countries, mainly Russia and Germany. Except for the inter-war period of 1918–1939 when there was an attempt to rebuild an independent country, Polish culture in its social and economic dimension underwent a vicious destruction for almost 2 centuries. For that reason, political changes initiated in Poland in 1989 resulted in the emergence of new hope for the revival of its sovereignty and its restoration as a sovereign and democratic country. After years of enslavement the regenerated

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18

Gilabert, Fernando. "Heidegger y la transformación de la fenomenología." Eikasía Revista de Filosofía, no. 63 (March 2, 2015): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57027/eikasia.63.784.

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Suele considerarse a Ser y tiempo, la obra magna de Heidegger, como una obra sin historia. Los recientes estudios y la publicación de las obras, lecciones y conferencias de Heidegger del periodo que va entre 1915, fecha en la que se publica la tesis de habilitación de Heidegger, y 1927, cuando se publica Ser y tiempo, han desmentido esta idea que el propio Heidegger mediante el silenció reforzó. Estas obras publicadas póstumamente en torno a esta primera década del siglo XXI exponen la génesis de las ideas que luego originarían Ser y tiempo y lo que debe el pensamiento de Heidegger a la influe

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19

Delgado Del Aguila, Jesús Miguel. "Percepción del terror peruano entre 1900 y 1910: abordajes periodístico, político y religioso para el análisis de Cuentos malévolos de Clemente Palma." Socialium 5, no. 1 (2021): 86–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.26490/uncp.sl.2021.5.1.739.

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Esta investigación tiene como objetivo la reconstrucción del concepto de terror en la primera década del siglo XX. La delimitación temporal se debe a que en ese lapso se publicó un compendio de relatos de tópico terrorífico, intitulado Cuentos malévolos (1904), del escritor peruano Clemente Palma. Para lograr la configuración semántica del término aludido, se recurre a la documentación de fuentes periodísticas de ese entorno (como El Comercio, La Prensa, Variedades, entre otros), para respaldar la percepción asumida del mismo. A través de la confrontación de estos discursos, es notoria la infl

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20

Kryvokon, Oleksandr, and Victor Kozoriz. "Prerequisites for tractorization in Ukraine in the early twentieth century." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 4, no. 1 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26210406.

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The aim of the article is to establish the scientific prerequisites for tractorization in Ukraine in the early twentieth century. Research methods: general-historical and special-historical methods. Main results: the article examines historical background and factors that contributed to the spread and use of the first tractors in Ukraine, the emergence of domestic tractor construction and widespread tractorization of agriculture in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialistic Republic in the 20s years of the twentieth century. The author uses the term “tractorization” which has not been used in scientific

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Jesús, Miguel Delgado Del Aguila. "Percepción del terror peruano entre 1900 y 1910: abordajes periodístico, político y religioso para el análisis de Cuentos malévolos de Clemente Palma." Socialium. Revista Científica de Ciencias Sociales 5, no. 1 (2021): 86–110. https://doi.org/10.26490/uncp.sl.2021.5.1.739.

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Esta investigación tiene como objetivo la reconstrucción del concepto de terror en la primera década del siglo XX. La delimitación temporal se debe a que en ese lapso se publicó un compendio de relatos de tópico terrorífico, intitulado <em>Cuentos malévolos </em>(1904), del escritor peruano Clemente Palma. Para lograr la configuración semántica del término aludido, se recurre a la documentación de fuentes periodísticas de ese entorno (como <em>El Comercio, La Prensa, Variedades</em>, entre

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22

Gjengset, Gunnar. "Citizens and Nomads." Journal of Northern Studies 4, no. 1 (2010): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/jns.v4i1.629.

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The Sami author Matti Aikio from Karasjok made his debut in 1904 in Copenhagen with Kong Akab [‘King Akab’]. He was one of the world’s earliest indigenous authors, and presented his first novel to the Norwegian public with I dyreskind [‘In Hide’] in 1906. The last of a total of six novels was Bygden på elvenesset [The Parish on the Riverbank], launched posthumously in 1929. In this article I present a post-colonial reading of this last novel of his. My hypothesis is that he wrote his first Norwegian novel anew, but this time social success amongst the Sami population is dependent upon the cond

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Minuta, Wondemu Denbu, Yohana Mashalla, and Gloria Thupayagale Tshweneagae Gloria. "Sexual Practices among Cobblestone Construction Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Challenge to the Prevention of HIV Infection2020." Global Journal of Health Science 14, no. 8 (2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v14n8p39.

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BACKGROUND: HIV infection remains a public health challenge. This study assessed sexual practices among casual workers at the Cobblestone construction, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.  METHODS: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study carried out among the labourers at the Cobblestone construction sites between October &ndash; December 2018. Multi-stage sampling was used to estimate the sample size. Demographic and sexual practice information were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine associations between variables; P

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Kenyeres, István. "The Budapest time machine." Arhivski vjesnik 66 (December 7, 2023): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36506/av.66.6.

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The paper presents the history of the development of the Budapest Time Machine (www.hungaricana.hu/en/budapest-time-machine), which started from the vision of the Venice Time Machine, despite the fact that it was never realised, but was the basis for the European Time Machine Initiative. The Budapest Time Machine was a visionary phenomenon from the moment of its debut, and it has maintained this position ever since: one of the flagships of the international Time Machine initiative from the very beginning. The development was launched by the Budapest City Archives in 2017. The background databa

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Van, der Pijl Kees. "The Centenary of the Russian Revolution and Permanent Counterrevolution." Beacon: Journal for Studying Ideologies and Mental Dimensions 4, no. 2 (2022): 020211771. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830915.

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I advance an unusual view on the confrontation of the Western capitalism and Soviet–Russian socialism. I suggest to see this confrontation through the prism of revolutionary and counterrevolutionary ideologies.   Today, almost one hundred years after the October Revolution 1917 in Russia, there are few reasons to celebrate the success of revolutionary ideology. Indeed, the Soviet Union, the socialist country built as a result of the Revolution, demised thirty years ago, while its economy was pillaged and devastated by the new Russian oligarchy. Simultaneously NATO advanced to the Ea

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Duffrayer, Karoline Moreira, Fabiana Lopes Joaquim, and Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal Camacho. "Orientações em saúde: estratégia de promoção à capacidade funcional nas úlceras venosas." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 7 (2018): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i7a231417p1901-1911-2018.

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RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar a efetividade das orientações em saúde no contexto domiciliar na capacidade funcional de idosos com úlceras venosas. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, do tipo estudo de múltiplos casos, realizado no Ambulatório de Reparo de Feridas e domicílios de pacientes. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de instrumento de avaliação da unidade de saúde, da Escala de KATZ-EIAVD, do Índice de TINETTI e de roteiro de orientações a serem prestadas aos sujeitos da pesquisa que receberam visita domiciliar. Resultados: os casos estudados apresentaram melhoras sobre a capacidade func

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27

Kostyev, F. I., M. V. Shostak, V. V. Babienko, E. I. Lukinyuk, and L. I. Krasilyuk. "CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN THE FEMALE POPULATION OF UKRAINE PART 1: DEMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 19, no. 6 (2021): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2021-19-6-607-615.

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The purpose of the study: To identify the prevalence of various forms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the population of Ukrainian women according to age. To determine the frequency of recurrent urinary tract infection in the female population, to determine the correlation of the form, duration and course of the disease, the frequency of relapses with the treatment and the nature of the medical care received. Material and methods. We designed, validated and implemented the web-based online questionnaire on prevalence, medical history and medical care of the urinary tract infections among 53

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Arias Gallegos, Walter L. "Revista de Psicología Volumen 13, Número 2, Julio-Diciembre 2023." Revista de Psicología 13, no. 2 (2024): 1–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.36901/psicologia.v13i2.1610.

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En el Perú existe poco más de 20 revistas de psicología, esta cifra ha ido variando con el tiempo. La primera revista psicológica que se publicó en el país fue la Revista de Psicología de la Sociedad Peruana de Psicología que se editó desde 1959 hasta 1961, y que abarcó solamente cuatro números. Por su puesto que antes de ello, se publicaron otras revistas que tocaron temas psicológicos como la Revista Peruana de Psiquiatría y Disciplinas Conexas que se publicó entre 1918 y 1924, así como la Revista de Neuro-psiquiatría que se publica hasta la fecha desde 1938; ambas publicaciones fueron funda

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Pramudya, Wisnu Haryo. "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, ROA, DER, SIZE FIRM TERHADAP TAX PLANNING." Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 8, no. 1 (2025): 3498–505. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v8i1.44006.

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Alviyani, K. (2016). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Karakter Eksekutif, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Leverage Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance) (Studi Pada Perusahaan Pertanian dan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2011-2014) Oleh. JOM Fekon, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.03.005 Ariska, M., Fahru, M., & Kusuma, J. W. (2020). Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2019. Jurnal Revenue : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.46306/rev.v1

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Bajić, Predrag. "THE PHENOMENON OF THE FOURTH PLACE IN SPORT THROUGH THE SOCIAL AND MEDIA PRISM: THE OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC GAMES." SPORTS, MEDIA AND BUSINESS 8, no. 1 (2022): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.58984/smb2201115b.

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The complexity of everyday life, which brings countless challenges, confrontations, obstacles and, of course, beautiful moments, certainly goes beyond the simplified picture that is visible in the public only on the basis of the final “product”. Sport is a segment of society in which the result is clearly visible, and on the basis of which those more or less successful are ranked, but there is a harsh limit beyond which the effort invested is incomparably less appreciated and the achieved result is not adequately valued in society and the media. That dividing line is usually placed before the

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Sobiecki, Roman. "Why does the progress of civilisation require social innovations?" Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie 44, no. 3 (2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4686.

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Social innovations are activities aiming at implementation of social objectives, including mainly the improvement of life of individuals and social groups, together with public policy and management objectives. The essay indicates and discusses the most important contemporary problems, solving of which requires social innovations. Social innovations precondition the progress of civilisation. The world needs not only new technologies, but also new solutions of social and institutional nature that would be conducive to achieving social goals. Social innovations are experimental social actions of

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Saunders, John. "Editorial." International Sports Studies 42, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-1.01.

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Covid 19 – living the experience As I sit at my desk at home in suburban Brisbane, following the dictates on self-isolation shared with so many around the world, I am forced to contemplate the limits of human prediction. I look out on a world which few could have predicted six months ago. My thoughts at that time were all about 2020 as a metaphor for perfect vision and a plea for it to herald a new period of clarity which would arm us in resolving the whole host of false divisions that surrounded us. False, because so many appear to be generated by the use of polarised labelling strategies whi

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Deloof, Marc, and Ine Paeleman. "International entrepreneurship without investor protection: Evidence from initial public offerings in Belgium before the First World War." Economic History Review, August 18, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13278.

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AbstractWe investigate the financing and performance of international entrepreneurship in an environment that was characterized by severe information problems and very weak investor protection. Despite these problems, new ventures could raise large amounts of equity and debt on the Belgian capital market between 1890 and 1914. Many of these firms were international new ventures (INVs) with their main operations abroad, often far away from Belgium. We find that INVs raised much more capital but were less likely to pay a dividend than domestic new ventures (DNVs). They were less likely to issue

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End, Nicolas, Marina Marinkov, and Fedor Miryugin. "Instruments of Debtstruction." IMF Working Papers 19, no. 226 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513514550.001.

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We construct a new, comprehensive instrument-level database of sovereign debt for 18 advanced and emerging countries over the period 1913–46. The database contains data on amounts outstanding for some 3,800 individual debt instruments as well as associated qualitative information, including instrument type, coupon rate, maturity, and currency of issue. This information can provide unique insights into various policies implemented in the interwar period, which was characterized by notoriously high debt levels. We document how interwar governments rolled over debts that were largely unsustainabl

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Ho, Chun‐Yu, and Dan Li. "Credibility building in the sovereign debt market: Evidence from prewar China." Economic History Review, September 26, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13283.

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AbstractThis paper qualitatively and quantitatively examines the development of the sovereign debt market in Prewar China under different governments. During the Beijing Era (1912–26), accompanied by the establishment of necessary financial institutions, the sovereign debt market emerged to meet fiscal needs. Surprisingly, the Nationalist government, in power from 1927, successfully cultivated a robust market characterized by its expanding size and liquidity. Setting itself apart from its predecessors, the government established credibility as a borrower in two key ways. Firstly, it demonstrat

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Hou, Fangfang, Jeffrey Ng, Xinpeng Xu, and Janus Jian Zhang. "Credit information sharing and firm innovation: Evidence from the establishment of public credit registries." Contemporary Accounting Research, February 4, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13016.

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AbstractLenders are reluctant to finance firms' innovation activities because such activities tend to be opaque, with a high likelihood of negative outcomes that could hamper loan repayment. We posit that public credit registries (PCRs), which play an important role in credit information sharing in many countries, can facilitate financing by reducing adverse selection and moral hazard and increasing bank competition. Using the staggered establishment of PCRs in different countries and an international firm–patent data set, we find that credit information sharing positively affects firm innovat

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Gomez-Gonzalez, Patricia, and Gabriel Mathy. "The world’s first global safe asset: British public debt, 1718-1913." Explorations in Economic History, March 2025, 101679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101679.

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Veeser, Cyrus. "Defaulting Debtors, American Public Opinion, and U.S. International Relations, 1900 to 1940." Modern American History, August 22, 2023, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2023.25.

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In the first half of the twentieth century, debt played an unexpectedly large role in shaping public views of American foreign relations. Debt—specifically, the public debt of other sovereign states—seems far removed from the everyday experience of Americans seeking credit from butchers and grocers or, in the global arena, decidedly dull in contrast to headlines about wars and assassinations. Yet if articles in thousands of local newspapers are an indicator, before World War I millions of Americans had been exposed to detailed coverage of the problematic indebtedness of the nearer nations of L

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Burret, Heiko T., Lars P. Feld, and Ekkehard A. Köhler. "Sustainability of Public Debt in Germany – Historical Considerations and Time Series Evidence." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 233, no. 3 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2013-0304.

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SummaryWe analyse German public finances against a theoretical background using a unique database, retrieved from multiple sources covering the period between 1850 and 2010.Multiple currency crises and force majeure offer anecdotal evidence contradicting the historical perception of Germany being the poster child of European public finance. Given these corresponding breaks in time series, the empirical analysis is conducted for the sub-periods 1872-1913 and 1950- 2010. In addition to anecdotal historical analysis, we conduct formal tests on fiscal sustainability, including tests on stationarit

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Gordon, Brady, and MAGAZZINO COSIMO. "Sustainability of Italian Budgetary Policies: A Time Series Analysis (1862-2013)." European Journal of Government and Economics 6, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4678472.

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In this paper, we analyze the sustainability of Italian public finances using a unique database covering the period 1862-2013. This paper focuses on empirical tests for the sustainability and solvency of fiscal policies. A necessary but not sufficient condition implies that the growth rate of public debt should in the limit be smaller than the asymptotic rate of interest. In addition, the debt-to-GDP ratio must eventually stabilize at a steady-state level. The results of unit root and stationarity tests show that the variables are non-stationary at levels, but stationary in first-differences f

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Hou, Fangfang, Muhabie Mekonnen Mengistu, Jeffrey Ng, and Janus Jian Zhang. "Credit information sharing and investment efficiency: Cross‐country evidence." Contemporary Accounting Research, September 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12972.

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AbstractCredit information sharing allows creditors to obtain borrowers' relevant credit information, and it can improve borrowers' investment outcomes that are funded by debt. Using reforms to European countries' public credit registries (PCRs) to capture mandated information sharing among creditors, we examine the impact of such sharing on firms' investment efficiency. We find that information sharing enhances firms' investment efficiency, which we measure by their investment‐q sensitivity. This finding is consistent with credit information sharing enabling creditors to better screen borrowe

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Jung, Boochun, Asad Kausar, Byungki Kim, You‐il (Chris) Park, and Jian Zhou. "Information Content of Credit Rating Affirmations." Contemporary Accounting Research, December 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12921.

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AbstractWe examine the economic determinants and informational effects of credit rating affirmations (i.e., the reiteration of past credit ratings) for a sample of US public firms from 1995 to 2020. We find that credit rating affirmations typically follow major corporate events and changes in firm fundamentals that increase information uncertainty about a firm's creditworthiness, suggesting that affirmations reduce uncertainty. We further document that rating affirmations provide value‐relevant information to equity and debt investors. Using a short‐window event study method, we show that equi

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Adams, R. J. C., and Vaida Nikšaitė. "Ethnic Fundraising in America and the Irish and Lithuanian Wars of Independence, 1918–1923." Historical Journal, May 12, 2021, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x21000352.

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Abstract The close of the First World War signalled a proliferation of newly established nation-states across Europe. However, the unilateral proclamations of these states’ independence did not guarantee their international recognition, nor did it guarantee their financial viability. This article examines the funding of two such states: the unrecognized Lithuanian (1919–23) and Irish (1919–21) republics. Both funded their wars of independence by selling ‘war bonds’ to their respective diasporas in the United States; the Lithuanians raising almost $1.9m from c. 28,000 subscribers and the Irish

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Cabel, Jesús. "“Lejos por siempre jamás”: dos cartas inéditas de César Vallejo." Boletín de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua, December 31, 2009, 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46744/bapl.200902.010.

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¿Cuántas cartas escribió César Vallejo a su familia? Las consignadas en el Epistolario General apenas si llegan a 12 y las encontradas cuando se publicó mi Correspondencia Completa (PUCP, 2002), 5, que sumándose a las dos inéditas de ahora, hacen en total 19 cartas. Diez de ellas, corresponden al periodo de 1912-1922 y las 9 restantes al lapso de 1923-1929. Sospecho de que debe existir un número mayor de cartas, dirigidas especialmente a sus hermanos, llámense Manuel o Víctor —con quienes mantuvo correspondencia más fluida—; pues no se conoce a la fecha ninguna carta recibida por sus padres, a

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Dave, De ruysscher. "At the End, the Creditors Win. Pre-Insolvency Proceedings in France, Belgium and the Netherlands (1807-c. 1910)." November 11, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2296547.

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Over the course of the nineteenth century, throughout continental Western Europe, the rules concerning insolvency were changed, yet not fundamentally. The Napoleonic Commercial code of 1807 continued to mark the contents of new legislation. Even after the military influence of France waned, the code was kept in liberated territories, or it was a model for national codifications and laws. The commercial code of 1807 imposed the dispossession of insolvent merchants and entrepreneurs and the public sale of their effects as default proceedings. New laws on the matter were targeted at different goa

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Murphy, Ffion, and Richard Nile. "Writing, Remembering and Embodiment: Australian Literary Responses to the First World War." M/C Journal 15, no. 4 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.526.

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This paper is part of a larger project exploring Australian literary responses to the Great War of 1914-1918. It draws on theories of embodiment, mourning, ritual and the recuperative potential of writing, together with a brief discussion of selected exemplars, to suggest that literary works of the period contain and lay bare a suite of creative, corporeal and social impulses, including resurrection, placation or stilling of ghosts, and formation of an empathic and duty-bound community. In Negotiating with the Dead, Margaret Atwood hypothesises that “all writing of the narrative kind, and perh

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Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Nuworza Kugbey, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Abdul Cadri, and Paa Yeboah Akonor. "Alcohol consumption among tertiary students in the Hohoe municipality, Ghana: analysis of prevalence, effects, and associated factors from a cross-sectional study." BMC Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03447-0.

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Abstract Background Alcohol consumption constitutes a major public health problem as it has negative consequences on the health, social, psychological, and economic outcomes of individuals. Tertiary education presents students with unique challenges and some students resort to the use of alcohol in dealing with their problems. This study, therefore, sought to determine alcohol use, its effects, and associated factors among tertiary students in the Hohoe Municipaility of Ghana. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 tertiary students in the Hohoe Municipali

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Papeta, Serhii. "PAINTING HERITAGE OF SERHII DOROSHENKO." Young Scientist 10, no. 86 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2020-10-86-65.

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A study of the work of an unknown to the general public painter middle XX century Serhii Doroshenko is currently at the initial stage. Thanks to the publication of the catalog and the holding of a personal exhibition, the process of putting part of his picturesque heritage into scientific circulation began. Today the life and professional path of the artist, as well as several dozen surviving works of the master are known and partially researched. The fact that the artist had to live under a fictitious name for most of his life makes it difficult to identify individual facts and documents. How

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Naelitz, B., N. Parekh, P. Bajic, B. Gill, S. Vij, and S. Lundy. "(449) Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vasectomy Patient Demographics." Journal of Sexual Medicine 20, Supplement_1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdad060.422.

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Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic impacted nearly all aspects of life for American families. Urologic care was also disrupted, including access to elective sterilization procedures. In the setting of these social and economic changes, it is unknown how the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic affected the population pursuing vasectomy. Objective We sought to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the age, paternity status, and fertility of men undergoing vasectomy. Methods We completed a retrospective cohort study of men undergoing vasectomy a single academic medical center across a

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Angela, Mitt. "education human capital and economic growth in Nigeria." August 13, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3982749.

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<strong>Gyeongsang University Turnitin Trash Files</strong> <strong>HUMAN CAPITAL NEXUS AND GROWTH OF NIGERIA ECONOMY</strong> <strong>CHAPTER ONE</strong> <strong>INTRODUCTION</strong> <strong>Background to the Study </strong> Government expenditure equally known as public spending simply refers to yearly expenditure by the public sector (government) in order to achieve some macroeconomic aims notably high literacy rate, skilled manpower, high standard of living, poverty alleviation, national productivity growth, and macro-economic stability. It is also expenditure by public authorities at va

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