Academic literature on the topic 'Debt relief – Developing countries'

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Journal articles on the topic "Debt relief – Developing countries"

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Freytag, Andreas, and Gernot Pehnelt. "Debt Relief and Governance Quality in Developing Countries." World Development 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.004.

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Arslanalp, Serkan, and Peter Blair Henry. "Policy Watch: Debt Relief." Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526166.

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At the Gleneagles summit in July 2005, the heads of state from the G-8 countries—the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia and the United Kingdom—called on the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the African Development Bank to cancel 100 percent of their debt claims on the world's poorest countries. The world's richest countries have agreed in principle to forgive roughly $55 billion dollars owed by the world's poorest nations. This article considers the wisdom of the proposal for debt forgiveness, from the standpoint of stimulating economic growth in
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Eaton, Jonathan. "Debt Relief and the International Enforcement of Loan Contracts." Journal of Economic Perspectives 4, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.4.1.43.

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It is now apparent that the governments of many developing countries will not repay their debts as initially contracted. Creditors and creditor governments must now adjust to the realization that full repayment is either infeasible or that enforcing full payment is undesirable from the point of view of creditor countries as a whole. The question now is what to do with these debts. The Baker and Brady plans have increased U.S. government involvement in the debt crisis and have allocated public money toward its resolution. The Kenen plan, discussed in this issue, proposes still more public invol
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Kocha, Chukwunenye N., Marshal Iwedi, and James Sarakiri. "The Dynamic Impact of Public External Debt on Capital Formation in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Pooled Mean Group Approach." Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Economics and Finance 3, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/26410265.2021.34.144.157.

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The increasing reliance on public external debt stocks in Africa and other developing countries has raised the question of debt sustainability, especially in the face of Covid-19, which has forced many counties (both developed and developing) into an unforeseen and unplanned recession. This study contributes to the literature on debt sustainability by examining the effect of public debt on capital formation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2000 to 2008 using the pooled mean group estimation approach. The debt variables considered are external debt stock, debt service on external debt, and inte
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Gamel, Kelsey, and Pham Hoang Van. "The short and long run effects of debt reduction." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 25, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabes-04-2018-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate benefits to debt reduction by using the natural experiment provided by the debt relief programs: the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative launched by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in 1996 and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative extension in 2005. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a time-shifted difference-in-differences strategy to evaluate the effects of this intervention. The date of each country’s decision to participate in the program is used as one treatment point while the date of the completion of th
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Bublyk, Yevhen, Svitlana Brus, and Oleksii Shpanel-Yukhta. "Prospects and obstacles to the restructuring of Ukraine’s external state obligations in the conditions of war." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2022, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2022.02.007.

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The article analyzes the structure of Ukraine’s external debt liabilities for the period from 2011 to 2021 and in the period since the beginning of the full-scale invasion. It is determined that the amount of state external liabilities, taking into account projected data, may exceed 70% of this country’s GDP, which will become the dominant form of both attracting financial resources to the state budget and threatening the state security. The authors provide an assessment of the difficulties of restructuring the external debt in terms of the specific weight of the creditor and the weight of sho
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Bublyk, Yevhen, Svitlana Brus, and Oleksii Shpanel-Yukhta. "Prospects and obstacles to the restructuring of Ukraine’s external state obligations in the conditions of war." Economy and forecasting 2022, no. 2 (October 10, 2022): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2022.02.005.

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The article analyzes the structure of Ukraine’s external debt liabilities for the period from 2011 to 2021 and in the period since the beginning of the full-scale invasion. It is determined that the amount of state external liabilities, taking into account projected data, may exceed 70% of this country’s GDP, which will become the dominant form of both attracting financial resources to the state budget and threatening the state security. The authors provide an assessment of the difficulties of restructuring the external debt in terms of the specific weight of the creditor and the weight of sho
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Tsvirko, Svetlana Eduardovna. "The state of global public debt and new approaches towards debt management." Теоретическая и прикладная экономика, no. 3 (March 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8647.2021.3.36610.

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This article is devoted to the state of public global public debt and new approaches towards its regulation in both developed and developing countries. The subject of this research is public debt in different groups of countries. Analysis of the situation with global public debt and the peculiarities of its regulation is necessary to learn positive foreign experience for its possible application in Russia. The following factors of significant increase of public debt are outlined: severe reduction of economic activity and decline in government revenue; increase of public spending, including rel
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Husain, Aasim Mairaj. "Forgiveness, Buybacks, and Exit Bonds: An Analysis of Alternate Debt Relief Strategies." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 4II (December 1, 1988): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i4iipp.819-828.

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The 1980s have seen the issue of Third World debt rise to prominence as one of the foremost concerns for economic policy-makers. The foreign indebtedness of many developing countries has risen to such high levels that the casual observer is forced to wonder if the debt will ever be paid back. Many scholars are now arguing that the debt obligations of some of the most heavily indebted countries (HICs)are so large that they act as a severe disincentive to investment. These disincentives, in turn, reduce growth rates in the HICs, thereby making future repayments even less likely. Many explanation
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Horn, Sebastian, Carmen M. Reinhart, and Christoph Trebesch. "Hidden Defaults." AEA Papers and Proceedings 112 (May 1, 2022): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20221002.

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China's lending boom to developing countries is morphing into defaults and debt distress. Given the secrecy surrounding China's loans, the associated defaults remain “hidden,” as missed payments and restructuring details are not disclosed. We construct an encompassing dataset of sovereign debt restructurings with Chinese lenders and find that these credit events are surprisingly frequent, exceeding the number of sovereign bond or Paris Club restructurings. Chinese lenders follow a resolution approach reminiscent of 1980s Western lenders; they seldom provide deep debt relief with face value red
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Debt relief – Developing countries"

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Abendanon, Lucille. "Debt relief for economics or debt relief for the people? : a critical analysis of the heavily indebted poor countries initiative." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53347.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIPC Initiative offers qualifying heavily indebted poor countries the opportunity to renege on their debt obligations in return for an emphatic commitment to poverty reduction and reform. This dissertation assesses the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative in light of the fact that one third of the world's population continues to live on an average of US$1 per day. In evaluating the HIPC Initiative one simple question is posed: taking into consideration the abject poverty experienced by over a billion people in the deve
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Elnasri, Amani Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of debt relief in low-income countries." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26779.

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The perceived lack of conclusive quantitative evidence on the macroeconomic effects of debt relief in low-income countries has generally blurred the image of debt relief efforts and left the issues of its effectiveness and efficiency open to debate and dispute. This thesis seeks to shed more light on the subject by providing some further empirical evidence. This objective is achieved by performing an empirical investigation of two effects of debt relief. First, the study examines the debt relief-new borrowing relationship in a multivariable regression framework. The results that emerge suggest
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Mobie, Titus Risimati. "The impact of privatization of water system towards the poor a challenge to pastoral care : with special reference to the rural communities of Bushbuckridge /." Thesis, Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11062008-170236/.

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Bruce, Colin (Colin Ashley). "Contractual unenforceability, external debt renegociation and the effective incidence of the burden of debt service." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72816.

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Udagawa, Mitsuhiro. "Debt relief in international society : international responses to the debt problem of the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435633.

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Bourget, Bernard. "Country risk analysis : a survey of external debt service capacity indicators." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65534.

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Bas, Tugba. "Capital structure and debt maturity choices of firms in developing countries." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1073/.

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The aim of the thesis is to examine the leverage and debt maturity levels and the determinants of capital structure and debt maturity of firms in developing countries. We use World Bank Enterprise Survey data covering 10,839 firms in 24 countries located in five regions. The survey provides information about balance sheet and income statements items allowing us to examine whether capital structure theory is portable to small firms in developing countries. We find that the leverage and debt maturity levels of small and large firms are different. Leverage and debt maturities are lower for small
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Karacimen, Elif. "Political economy of consumer debt in developing countries : evidence from Turkey." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15947/.

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This dissertation analyses the rise in consumer debt in developing countries over the last decade by drawing on the case of Turkey. It adopts a theoretical framework based on a political economy approach and examines the macroeconomic, institutional, political, and historical environment in which the rise in consumer debt has taken place. By locating the factors of indebtedness within an historically determined socioeconomic context the dissertation demonstrates the specific character of the rise in consumer credit in the age of financialisation. It is shown that consumer credit has grown mark
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Bua, G. "THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL POLICIES ON BORROWING AND DEBT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/259794.

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The first paper introduces a new dataset on the stock and structure of domestic debt in 36 Low-Income Countries over the period 1971-2011. We characterize the recent trends regarding LICs domestic public debt and explore the relevance of different arguments put forward on the benefits and costs of government borrowing in local public debt markets. The main stylized fact emerging from the data is the increase in domestic government debt since 1996. We also observe that poor countries have been able to increase the share of long-term instruments over time and that the maturity lengthening went t
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van, Vliet Lisette. "Debt-for-Nature Swaps : transnational environmental politics in a changing global political economy or NGOs, LDCs and IOUs." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128737.

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Debt-for-nature swaps are a new phenomenon in world politics. Initiated as a response to third world debt problems and the urgent need for environmental protection, debt-for-nature swaps represent a very interesting development in the areas of international finance, international negotiation and international roles for non-state actors. To date, at least nineteen swaps have taken place, and according to some observers, they fit a niche that will exist for some time to come.
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Books on the topic "Debt relief – Developing countries"

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Debs, Richard A. Finance for developing countries. New York: Group of Thirty, 1987.

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Tony, Addison, Hansen Henrik 1962-, Tarp Finn 1951-, and World Institute for Development Economics Research, eds. Debt relief for poor countries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

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C, Ross Doris, Harmsen Richard T, and International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept., eds. Official financing for developing countries. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2001.

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Debs, Richard A. Finance for developing countries: Alternative sources of finance, debt swaps. New York: Group of Thirty, 1987.

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Debs, Richard A. Finance for developing countries: Alternative sources of finance : debt swaps. New York (277 Park Ave., New York 10172): Group of Thirty, 1987.

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Cable, Vincent. Debt distress: A problem for low income developing countries. London: Economic Affairs Division, Commonwealth Secretariat, 1988.

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Rudiger, Dornbusch, Makin John H, and Zlowe David, eds. Alternative solutions to developing-country debt problems. Washington, D.C: American Enterprise for Public Policy Research, 1989.

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Stijn, Claessens, ed. Market-based debt reduction for developing countries: Principles and prospects. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1990.

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Roe, Alan. International finance strategies for developing countries. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1992.

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Braga, Carlos Alberto Primo, 1954-, Dömeland Dörte 1971-, and World Bank, eds. Debt relief and beyond: Lessons learned and challenges ahead. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Debt relief – Developing countries"

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Bird, Graham, and Alistair Milne. "Debt Relief for Low-Income Countries: Is it Effective and Efficient?" In International Finance and the Developing Economies, 273–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599840_15.

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Addison, Tony, Henrik Hansen, and Finn Tarp. "Introduction." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 3–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_1.

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Heltberg, Rasmus, Kenneth Simler, and Finn Tarp. "Public Spending and Poverty in Mozambique." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 209–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_10.

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Dabla-Norris, Era, John M. Matovu, and Paul R. Wade. "Debt Relief, Demand for Education and Poverty." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 241–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_11.

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Morrissey, Oliver. "Making Debt Relief Conditionality Pro-Poor." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 267–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_12.

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Nissanke, Machiko, and Benno Ferrarini. "Debt Dynamics and Contingency Financing: Theoretical Reappraisal of the HIPC Initiative." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 24–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_2.

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Birdsall, Nancy, Stijn Claessens, and Ishac Diwan. "Policy Selectivity Forgone: Debt and Donor Behaviour in Africa." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 59–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_3.

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Berthélemy, Jean-Claude. "HIPC Debt Relief and Policy Reform Incentives." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 90–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_4.

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Addison, Tony, and Aminur Rahman. "Resolving the HIPC Problem: Is Good Policy Enough?" In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 105–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_5.

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Pattillo, Catherine, Hélène Poirson, and Luca Ricci. "External Debt and Growth: Implications for HIPCs." In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 123–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Debt relief – Developing countries"

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Thania Atmoko Putri, Zahra. "Examining the Debt Servicing Capacity of Belt and Road Initiative’s Developing Countries." In 3rd International Conference on Management, Economics and Finance. ACAVENT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/3rd.icmef.2021.02.131.

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Bal, Oğuz. "The Developing Countries External Debt and Growth Issues and Example of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01645.

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Today; country economies are dealt with from a global perspective. International capital, and technological developing, had accelerated the flow of factors also. This case demonstrates the international economic interdependence. In industrialized countries after the Second World War, while exports of industrial products increased by busy; In 1970's years, the oil crisis shocks had been lived. In the 1980s, in the world debt problems emerged. In the 1990s, world economy, has become multi-polar world with together globalization, and in order to the crisis by IMF and World Bank were began effecti
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Özer, Ali, Aslı Cansın Doker, and Adem Türkmen. "Analysis of Capital Flight in Developing Countries: A Study on Turkey between 1980 and 2010." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00702.

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The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between Capital flight and some macroeconomic variables by using anual data between 1980 and 2010 in Turkey. Capital flight measured by World Bank (1985) method, was used as dependent variable and external debt, foreign direct investment, uncertainty, real GDP growth, exchange rates, trade balance and consumer price index were used as independent variables. Ordinary Least squares estimation method, Johansen-Jeselius cointegration test, Granger causality test and variance decomposition results produced by VEC model were used
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Ganiev, Junus, Tezcan Abasız, and Damira Baigonushova. "Foreign Capital Inflows and Economic Growth in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02615.

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The theoretical foundation for foreign capital-led growth hypothesis could be traced back to the neoclassical and endogenous growth theories, which see capital as the main source of growth. Foreign capital inflows are important because they close the savings-investment gap in developing countries. After independence, the Eurasian Economic Union countries, which were faced with the problem of inadequacy of domestic resources for economic development, became highly dependent on foreign sources and gave great importance to foreign aid and foreign debt, as well as to foreign investments. When view
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Bal, Harun, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman Esaa, and Esma Erdoğan. "The Foreign Debt and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02622.

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The growing levels of external debt in developing countries are increasingly a worldwide problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, where the expanding portfolio of foreign debts, debt servicing rates, and debt overhang cause alarm and global concern. The likelihood of relatively good outcomes of the interaction between external debt and economic growth is based on the government's attempts to maintain a sustainable debt-to-GDP ratio, a low budget deficit, and that the external debt is utilized primarily for capital investments. Under other conditions, the government would confron
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Zhumakunova, Tolkun, and Zhainagul Kydyralieva. "The Effects of External Debts on Economic Growth of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02019.

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In developing countries, insufficient internal sources cause the increase of need on external sources. These countries in order to maintain their economic growth apply for external debt to cover the gap of foreign currency and savings. After the collapse of Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan began to use external funds. It is very important to use these sources in accurate areas and efficiently. Most empirical studies indicate a negative correlation between foreign debt and economic growth, especially in those countries whose foreign debts are relatively high. This work examines the correlation between
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Erkan, Çisil, Erdinç Tutar, Filiz Tutar, and Mehmet Vahit Eren. "An Analysis of External Debts of Turkey (1980–2012)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00483.

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One of the most important goals of developing countries is to materialize sustainable economic growth and development. Foreign external debts play a key role in accelerating economic growth, investment and exports. Insufficient level of domestic capital accumulation generally forces developing countries to source finances by means of debts from foreign countries, banks and international organizations. External debt is also important resource for Turkey. In Turkish economy, external debt is taken generally in order to counter the saving deficit and foreign Exchange deficit and reach the high gr
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Akyol, Servet. "Financial Crisis and Fiscal Policy: An Assessment of the EU-Member Balkan States." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00951.

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The objective of this paper is to study the economic and social results of the post-crisis fiscal policies concerning the Balkan States that are members of the EU. The global crisis, which broke out in the US in 2008, had a deep effect on both developed and developing countries. Until today different policies have been put on the agenda in order to eliminate or alleviate the impacts of the crisis. In this context, bailout and stimulus packages were firstly implemented. Stimulus packages were replaced by austerity policies because of the increasing public debt and budget deficit after 2010. Fis
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N Schrage, Burkhard. "Natural Catastrophes and Sovereign Bond Prices." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3784.

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Aim/Purpose: This study investigates effects of natural catastrophes on the cost of sovereign debt in developing countries and discusses MNC financing strategies. Background: Over the last decades, natural disasters have increased in both number and severity. The combination of higher event frequency and intensity, coupled with fragile economic conditions in emerging market countries, may affect sovereign bond prices—particularly in developing countries—and consequently may have effects on the financing strategy of MNCs Methodology: Parametric and non-parametric analyses and event study method
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Diril, Funda. "Comparison of Fiscal Reforms in Some South and East European Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01014.

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The aim of this paper is to compare fiscal reforms of some of the transition economies in Balkans including The Republic of Macedonia. Since 1990’s former planned economies, which are in the process of economic transformation into market economy have carried out several reforms. During this economic transformation process both the effects and the results of these reforms vary according to the difference between the needs of structural change in each country. In this study, some of the selected transition economies in Balkans are analyzed: Some of the recent members of European Community in Bal
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Reports on the topic "Debt relief – Developing countries"

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Sachs, Jeffrey. Conditionality, Debt Relief, and the Developing Country Debt Crisis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2644.

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Dooley, Michael, Eduardo Fernandez-Arias, and Kenneth Kletzer. Recent Private Capital Inflows to Developing Countries: Is the Debt Crisis History? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4792.

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Edwards, Sebastian. Capital Flows, Foreign Direct Investment, and Debt-Equity Swaps in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3497.

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Blomstrom, Magnus, and Robert Lipsey. Foreign Firms and Export Performance in Developing Countries: Lessons from the Debt Crisis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3412.

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Dagli, Suzette, Paul Mariano, and Arjan Paulo Salvanera. Quantile Debt Fan Charts. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220242-2.

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This paper presents debt fan charts constructed using the quantile regression approach for nine developing member countries of ADB. Macroeconomic and fiscal determinants of debt are forecasted using quantile regression and the resulting projections are shown in the fan charts for India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Furthermore, the fan charts present the uncertainty in the path of debt, especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Prats Cabrera, Joan Oriol, and Jimena Chiara. Debt Management Institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Comparative Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003953.

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Public debt management is one of the most crucial functions of any government, but we know little about how debt management offices operate. Based on a survey of 24 Latin American and Caribbean countries, this document presents the first systematic effort to analyze how these offices are organized and how they perform crucial debt management functions: developing and executing the strategy for managing the States' portfolio of liabilities and new borrowing. The evidence indicates that, although institutional capacity to manage public debt has improved in the region, the experience is uneven am
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Martin, Matthew, Max Lawson, Nabil Abdo, David Waddock, and Jo Walker. Fighting Inequality in the time of COVID-19: The Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index 2020. Development Finance International, Oxfam, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6515.

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Abstract:
The coronavirus pandemic has swept across a world unprepared to fight it, because countries had failed to choose policies to fight inequality. Only one in six countries assessed for the CRI Index 2020 were spending enough on health, only a third of the global workforce had adequate social protection, and in more than 100 countries at least one in three workers had no labour protection such as sick pay. As a result, many have faced death and destitution, and inequality is increasing dramatically. This third edition of the CRI Index report recommends that all governments adopt strong anti-inequa
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8

McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 p
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9

Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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10

Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

Full text
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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