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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Debts, External – Soviet Union

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Academic literature on the topic 'Debts, External – Soviet Union'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Debts, External – Soviet Union"

1

Ritter, A. R. M. "The Cuban Economy in the 1990s: External Challenges and Policy Imperatives." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 32, no. 3 (1990): 117–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166090.

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Cuba has entered the decade of the 1990s in a state of profound existential crisis. The countries of Eastern Europe, whose economic and political institutions and ideologies were adopted by Cuba, albeit with some modifications, were abandoning those same institutions and ideologies. Cuba's place in the international system had become one of growing isolation: Cuba had become a curiosity from the 1960s rather than the wave of the future, as it once perceived itself. By mid-1990, it appeared almost certain that the generous subsidization of the Cuban economy by the Soviet Union was about to end.

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Dabrowski, Marek. "Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. (2) (2022): 95–121. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947.

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The paper contains a retrospective analysis of macroeconomic policy and reforms in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) from 1992 to 2021, after obtaining political and economic independence in 1991. Special attention is given to problems of macroeconomic stabilization and economic growth. As a result of structural distortions inherited from the Soviet economy and the slow pace of economic and institutional reforms, the FSU countries suffered from a long and deep output decline in the 1990s. Their post-transition growth recovery in the 2000s did not last long. Furthermore, they remai

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Jalal, Syed Umair. "Sectarianism, Geopolitics, and the Legacy of Mujahideen: Pakistan's Role in the Soviet-Afghan War." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 2 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.369456438.

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The study explores the significant consequences of sectarianism for Pakistan's domestic security, linking its origin to Zia's Islamization drive and U.S. strategic partnerships during the Soviet-Afghan War. Zia's government, supported by substantial foreign assistance, gave more importance to importing consumer goods than to essential industries, leading to poor economic management and a rapidly growing national debt. In this context, Pakistan played a crucial role in the Afghan conflict, driven by its geopolitical ambitions. It sought to establish itself as a stronghold of Islam and suppress

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Zhiltsov, S. S. "Coronavirus hits former-Soviet countries." Post-Soviet Issues 7, no. 1 (2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2020-7-1-8-17.

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The year of 2020 started a new chapter in the development of former-Soviet countries. The coronavirus epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, has spread to affect all countries throughout the world, including the countries of the former Soviet Union. Its influence has already affected the economic and social development of the countries in the post-Soviet space. Closing borders, stopping tourism, and imposing severe restrictions on transport services were the first measures that contributed to reducing the incidence rates. At the same time, these measures affected bilateral and mul

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Boiko, I. V. "Technological Restructuring of Economies of the Former Soviet Union: from “Destruction” to “Creation”." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 17, no. 2 (2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2023-02-24-33.

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Modern geo-economic and geopolitical processes create a need to rethink the integration interaction between the republics of the former USSR, now — sovereign countries. This is due not only to the rapidly increasing instability of the global financial system, the growth of trade and economic contradictions between countries, but also to the possibility of using the previous experience of inter-republican industrial-technological and intellectual cooperation to achieve the goals of economic development.Aim and tasks. The article’s main aim is to frame the technological and economic interaction

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Velchev, Andrey. "Role of Economic Sustainability in Strengthening National Security: Case of Post-Soviet Countries." International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 12, no. 2 (2025): 361–71. https://doi.org/10.14419/zf7kfx55.

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This study focused on analysing the relationship between economic resilience and national security in the context of post-Soviet countries and Bulgaria. The research employed a comprehensive strategy, incorporating the examination of economic, demographic, and quantitative factors, alongside a comparative analysis methodology. The study found that the economy plays a key role in national security, protecting against external economic and political threats such as sanctions and trade wars, as well as internal risks related to corruption and inefficiency. The study summarised the effects of the

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Romanchuk, E. S. "View at the Reform of the Economy of Uzbekistan through the Prism of the Republic’s Cooperation with International Development Institutions." Post-Soviet Issues 9, no. 1 (2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2022-9-1-44-57.

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The reforms carried out recently in the Republic of Uzbekistan have caused a wide discussion. For many, the speed with which the liberalization of the economy is carried out, as well as the scale of transformations, came as a surprise. Being one of the most closed economies in the post-Soviet space five years ago, Uzbekistan managed not only to catch up with the progressive countries of the former Soviet Union, but also to do so with relatively small social consequences. As shown in the article, the “Uzbek miracle” was caused by three factors. Firstly, the reforms were prepared in advance. Sec

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Klimiuk, Zbigniew. "Stosunki gospodarcze i handlowe ZSRR – Niemcy w latach 1918–1940 (część 1)." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 1 (2018): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3364.

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The author analyzes in his paper the economic and trade relations between Germanyand the Soviet Union in the period of 1918–1944. During this period trade relations withGermany constituted a continuation of relations between Tsarist Russia and Germany beforeWorld War I. The German-Soviet Economic Agreement of October 12, 1925, formed specialconditions for the mutual trade relations between the two countries. In addition to the normalexchange of goods, German exports to the Soviet Union were based from the very beginningon a system negotiated by the Soviet Trade Mission to Berlin under which th

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Klimiuk, Zbigniew. "Stosunki gospodarcze i handlowe ZSRR – Niemcy w latach 1918–1940 (część 2)." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 2 (2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.2999.

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The author analyzes in his paper the economic and trade relations between Germany and the Soviet Union in the period of 1918–1944. During this period trade relations with Germany constituted a continuation of relations between Tsarist Russia and Germany before World War I. The German-Soviet Economic Agreement of October 12, 1925, formed special conditions for the mutual trade relations between the two countries. In addition to the normal exchange of goods, German exports to the Soviet Union were based, from the very beginning, on a system negotiated by the Soviet Trade Mission in Berlin under

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Zou, Chengzhang. "INTERPRETING SINO-SOVIET RELATIONS IN SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY." Politology bulletin, no. 91 (2023): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2023.91.139-148.

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The interpretation of Sino-Soviet relations in Soviet historiography is a complex issue that reflects various stages in the history of the Soviet Union, portraying contradictions and transformations in the interaction between the two communist states. Exploring this topic allows us to unveil the evolution of relations, the impact of domestic and foreign policy factors on diplomatic ties, and the changing perceptions of China within the USSR. The article provides an overview of the history of relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Soviet Union. The main milestones in the

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Debts, External – Soviet Union"

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Zrudlo, Laurie. "Soviet foreign policy responsiveness to the external environment : Soviet-Indian relations 1968-1985." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66111.

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Oosterlinck, Kim. "Sovereign debts in trouble times." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211300.

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Covas, Svetlana. "External assistance for European integration : A qualitative case study analysis of the external assistance symbiosis with the National Strategy Plan and constraints in light with the EU – Moldova integration." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196148.

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This dissertation is a case study of Moldova regarding the influence of external assistance over the National Development Strategies 2020 and 2030 in face of the EU – Moldova Accession Agenda. The external assistance plays a key role for the country’s development but the allocation of the funds might not address the sustainable development goals set by the UN, and therefore the national strategic development plans need to be analysed on correlation. Donors tend to focus on a group of sectors leaving others lower in priority. One sector as such is the judiciary and governance. The European Comm

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DAVIDDI, Renzo. "The evolution of Soviet foreign trade :an attempt to assess Soviet dependence on foreign trade." Doctoral thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4895.

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Defence date: 17 June 1988<br>Examining board: Prof. Alberto Chilosi, University of Pisa ; Prof. Phil Hanson, CREES, University of Birmingham ; Prof. Wojciech Maciejewski, University of Warsaw ; Domenico Mario Nuti, E.U.I., Supervisor ; Prof. Jozef van Brabant, United Nations, New York<br>First made available online 19 June 2015

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Čáp, Jiří. "Sovětská hospodářská a vojenská pomoc Egyptu v 60. a 70. letech 20. století." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324968.

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This diploma thesis deals with relations between Soviet Union and Egypt in 1960's and 1970's, with focus on Soviet economic and military aid to this Arabian country. Soviet Union is perceived as a protector superpower, while Egypt is a client state, which receives generous financial and material aid. This work maps particular pe-riods of Soviet economic aid since early 1960's, when some great economic projects were gradually realized (Aswan Dam, Helwan metallurgic complex), the attention is also decicated to arms supplies and modernization of Egyptian army. The first break point influencing mu

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Stanley, Laura. "Mates and missiles: the Menzies Government and the Cuban Missile Crisis." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30231/.

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This thesis examines the Menzies Government's response to the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. This is the first historical investigation of the Crisis in the context of Australian-American relations. Its primary objective, therefore, is to fill a historiographical gap in Australia's Cold War history.

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Books on the topic "Debts, External – Soviet Union"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Deficits, Debt Management, and International Debt. Former Soviet Union debt rescheduling: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Deficits, Debt Management, and International Debt of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, May 1, 1992. U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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Odling-Smee, J. C. External borrowing in the Baltics, Russia, and other states of the Former Soviet Union: The transition to a market economy. International Monetary Fund, European II Dept., 1998.

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Sirotkin, V. G. Zarubezhnoe zoloto Rossii. Izd-vo "Olma-Press", 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Former Soviet Union: Information on U.S. bilateral program funding : report to Congressional committees. US GAO, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Former Soviet Union: U.S. bilateral program lacks effective coordination : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Former Soviet Union: U.S. bilateral program lacks effective coordination : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Former Soviet Union: U.S. bilateral program lacks effective coordination : report to Congressional requestors. The Office, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Former Soviet Union: U.S. rule of law assistance has had limited impact : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Former Soviet Union: U.S. rule of law assistance has had limited impact : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Former Soviet Union: U.S. rule of law assistance has had limited impact : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Debts, External – Soviet Union"

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Nakamura, Yasushi. "Soviet Monetary Policy and Government Debts." In Monetary Policy in the Soviet Union. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-49418-4_7.

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Allison, Roy. "External Affairs." In Finland’s Relations with the Soviet Union 1944–84. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17768-4_6.

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Burmester, Isabell. "EU and Russian Prescription: Setting Rules and Standards for Food Safety." In The European Union in International Affairs. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75488-3_4.

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Abstract This chapter delves into the prescription of food safety rules by the EU and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in Moldova and Armenia. While the EU’s influence through its market power and the Brussels effect is well-documented, the EAEU, led by Russia, has also emerged as a significant player in the region. The EAEU’s approach to food safety, however, contrasts starkly with the EU’s emphasis on ensuring safe production processes. Moldovan and Armenian actors perceived EU standards as superior, associating them with higher quality and safety for consumers, despite the higher complian

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Khudaykulov, Adham. "Mapping Institutional Resilience: Locating Regulatory and Growth Frameworks in Central Asia." In International Political Economy Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55341-7_6.

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AbstractThis chapter aims to investigate the nexus of state regulation and economic performance from an institutional resilience-building perspective. Specially, I examine the case of the post-Soviet transition economies of Central Asia since gaining independence in the early 1990s. This region’s economic landscape has undergone profound structural changes following the dissolution and implosion of the former Soviet Union. Following a brief economic recession in the early ‘90 s, caused by the rapid disruption to production and economic linkages within the former Soviet Union, the regional econ

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Schöppner, Fabian. "The European Union and External Governance Conflict Management in the Post-Soviet Space – The Examples of Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine." In Ambiguities of Europe’s Eastern Neighbourhood. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29856-2_9.

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Lowenfeld, Andreas F. "The International Monetary System and Regional Crises." In International Economic Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199226931.003.0020.

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Abstract In the early 1980s, Mexico, then Brazil, and then a number of other states, principally in Latin America, became unable to pay their external debts— and even interest on their debts—as they came due. In the early 1990s, as the states of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union turned away from communism, they found themselves without the resources needed to join the international economy and the international monetary system that had grown up largely without their participation. In the late 1990s, a series of countries in South-east Asia, each with a rather different economic and po

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Ito, Kenichi. "Continuity in the Pattern of Russo-Soviet External Behavior." In The Soviet Union in Transition. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429314933-9.

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Michalopoulos, Constantine. "Aid and Development in the 1990s." In Ending Global Poverty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850175.003.0002.

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Momentous political and economic events shook the established world order during the early 1990s and shaped the future course of aid and development. In 1991, the peaceful demise of the Soviet Union ushered a period of international cooperation on global issues. Reducing poverty became the central objective of global institutions. A new theme was emerging from these declarations: the developing countries had to take charge of their own destiny. They should be in the driver’s seat in shaping plans and programmes to reduce poverty. Aid should be used to address partner country objectives not to

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Riehle, Kevin. "Early Defectors, 1924–1930." In Soviet Defectors. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467230.003.0002.

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This chapter identifies sixteen intelligence and state security officers who defected from the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1930. Their revelations show that Soviet intelligence targets focused initially internally, but gradually turned outward as the Soviet government sought to identify external support to internal threats. Most of the defectors in the first group began their careers as enthusiastic Bolshevik adherents, while others cooperated out a sense of personal survival. Regardless of their backgrounds, each of the officers in this group lost their faith in the system, and even more so, lo

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Groys, Boris. "Soviet Art before and after the Thaw." In Postwar Revisited. Duke University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478060437-004.

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After the death of Stalin and during the so-called period of Thaw, Soviet art was split into official and unofficial art. This division opened up the possibility not only to practice—albeit unofficially—a Western type of modernism inside the Soviet Union but also to look at the Soviet Union from a quasi-external position, the position of “internal emigration.” Thus, a new and original artistic phenomenon emerged through artistic analysis of the functioning of the visual language of Soviet ideological propaganda and of everyday Soviet culture. This external look from the inside produced, in the

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Conference papers on the topic "Debts, External – Soviet Union"

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Zhumakunova, Tolkun, and Zhainagul Kydyralieva. "The Effects of External Debts on Economic Growth of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02019.

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In developing countries, insufficient internal sources cause the increase of need on external sources. These countries in order to maintain their economic growth apply for external debt to cover the gap of foreign currency and savings. After the collapse of Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan began to use external funds. It is very important to use these sources in accurate areas and efficiently. Most empirical studies indicate a negative correlation between foreign debt and economic growth, especially in those countries whose foreign debts are relatively high. This work examines the correlation between

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Sarı, Yaşar. "Kyrgyzstan’s Relations with International Financial Organizations: Curse or Curve?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00358.

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Kyrgyzstan since the collapse of Soviet Union went to the transition path and while it is argued that it succeeded at some points, levels or degree. It is certainly that major obstacles to the successful transition are not overcome. First of all it was necessary to get out of Russian dominated economy since it was itself declining. Kyrgyzstan was the first former Soviet republics left Russian ruble zone and accepted its own currency, som in 1993. Moreover, it is also the first former Soviet republics entered to World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1998. Second, finding new trade partners an

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Ganiev, Junus, and Damira Baigonushova. "External Debt Sustainability in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02383.

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After the global financial crisis, there have been serious increases in state debt of most countries. In addition, the debts for economic development are constantly increasing in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. As a result, the sustainability problem of government debt arises. In some countries, such as Kyrgyzstan, a significant portion of government debt is taken from a single country. This situation increases the risk even more. The aim of the study is to analyze the sustainability of state debts comparatively in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. To this end, the current s

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Abdykadyrova, Ediliia. "The Impact of the "Big Powers" to the Integration Processes in Central Asia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01755.

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It has been over 20 years since the Soviet Union collapsed. Despite that the post-Soviet countries were not able to build strong economic structure, which would be competitive in the international arena. They failed to implement the economic integration among themselves using communication that they had during the Soviet Union time. There have been various attempts to change the situation, but efforts were not successful due to various obstacles. Among these obstacles take place the influence of America, Russia and China, which are considered as great powers and which are pay great attention t

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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. "EU Enlargement to the Balkans: Membership Perspective to the Balkan Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01163.

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After the dispersion of the Soviet Union, the European Union embarked upon an intense relationship with the Central and Eastern European Countries. The transition into capital market and democratization of these countries had been supported by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of 1989 before the collapse of the Soviet Union System. The European Agreements were signed between the EU and Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia on December 16th, 1991. 10 Central and Eastern Europe Countries became the members of the EU on May 1st, 2004. With the accession of Bulgaria and Romania into

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Lungu, Elvira. "The evolution of the public financial resources system in the Republic of Moldova." In Simpozion Ştiinţific al Tinerilor Cercetători, Ediţia a 21-a. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/sstc.v2.06.

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The article presents the evolution of the system of public financial resources in the Republic of Moldova in recent years, examining the current statistical data. The evolution of the public financial resources system in the Republic of Moldova has been influenced by both internal and external factors, including political and economic changes, international relations development, and European integration processes. During the 90s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the fiscal system was reformed, and efforts were made to reduce tax evasion and improve tax revenue collection. In recent yea

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Eperjesi, Zoltán. "Azerbaijan in the Turkic world." In Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship 2024. Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/eee24078e.

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Regional, international cooperation among the Turkic nations started rather late compared to other international organisations on cultural and ethnic grounds, the main reason being that Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia and Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus were republics of the Soviet Union until 1991, when they gained independence. The five Member States of the Organisation of Turkic States (OTS) had a population of almost 160 million at the beginning of 2024, covering an area of 4.196 million km2, stretching from China to the Balkans. Hungary has had observe

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Voskoboynikov, Fred, and Waldemar Karwowski. "The contribution of Gregory Bedny's systemic-structural activity theory to the science of activity." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003004.

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In this paper we will make an attempt to present a brief overview of General, Applied and Systemic-Structural Activity Theories. The focus mostly will be on the creation and development of the Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT). We will consider some basic concepts of activity theory and will outline some difficulties that Western scientists experiense in interpretation and application of the theory. General activity theory (AT) was developed in the former Soviet Union. Three prominent scientists Rubinstein, Leont’iev and Vygotsky are responsible for the creation of the theory. For a l

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Reports on the topic "Debts, External – Soviet Union"

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Idenburg, Peter, Per Stalacke, Klaus Schuch, et al. Report by External Evaluators on the Programme of the International Association for the Promotion of Co-operation with Scientists from the new Independent States of the former Soviet Union (INTAS) in the period 1993-2003 to the INTAS General Assembly. INTAS, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2004.207.

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