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Journal articles on the topic 'Debts, External United States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Raffer, Kunibert. "Risks of Lending and Liability of Lenders." Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 1 (March 2007): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00062.x.

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Risk and liability change the initially stipulated terms of contracts, overruling their otherwise binding nature. Risk encourages careful assessment of debtors' abilities to service debts. Errors and negligence in assessment, and even external shocks, make creditors suffer losses. Disregarding one's duty of care or professional standards, or engaging in tortious or illegal behavior makes actors liable to compensate for any resulting damage—a necessary systemic element of the framework markets need to function well. Neither mechanism was allowed to work properly in sovereign lending.This essay

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2

Makin, Anthony J. "Feasible Limits for External Deficits and Debt." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 1 (January 2005): 1850030. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1043.

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Large current account deficits and foreign debt levels remain a source of concern for international financial markets and policymakers. Yet, exactly what an “excessive” external deficit or liability position for an advanced economy is at any time has never been adequately defined. This article addresses the question by proposing new methods for assessing the proximity of current account deficits and the associated foreign debt to their upper bounds. It contends that productive investment fundamentally sets the feasible limit for current account deficits, whereas the capital to output ratio ult

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Berg, Gerald C. "The effects of the external debts of Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and the Philippines on the United States." Applied Economics 20, no. 7 (July 1988): 939–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036848800000018.

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4

Nurjanah, Rahma, and Candra Mustika. "The influence of imports, foreign exchange reserves, external debt, and interest rates on the currency exchange rates against the United States Dollar in Southeast Asia Countries." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i4.12706.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of imports, foreign exchange reserves, foreign debt, and interest rates on the currency exchange rates against the United States Dollar in Southeast Asia countries. The study results found that from 2010 to 2017, the currency exchange rates against the United States Dollar in Southeast Asian countries tended to weaken (depreciate). The highest growth in the exchange rate against the United States dollar was in Indonesia, while the lowest was in Singapore. Foreign exchange reserves negatively affect foreign debt, and imports positively affect countries' exc

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5

Moroz, Ivanna. "Peculiarities of public debt management policy in the United States of America: experience for Ukraine." ScienceRise, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002040.

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The object of research is the policy of public debt management of the United States of America and Ukraine. The problem solved is the low level of efficiency of the policy of public external and internal debt management of Ukraine in the context of financing economic growth. The main scientific results: based on the analysis of the policy of public debt management of the United States of America, it has been proved, that the public debt and the US budget deficit should be perceived not as a problem or threat to macroeconomic stability, but as a tool to stimulate economic growth. It

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6

Balyuk, Igor. "Global external debt during COVID-19 pandemic." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 9 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760016809-8.

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The article contains an analysis of the dynamics and structure of the external debt of various countries and groups of countries in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The authors conclude that at the beginning of 2021, the ratio of external debt to GDP almost reached the level that was noted on the eve of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009. A trigger for a new global crisis may be the exacerbation of problems in one or more segments of the economy of the European Union, Great Britain, the United States, or a number of large developing countries.

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7

Bobylev, S., and S. Solovyeva. "United Nations: Redefining Goals." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-30-39.

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One of the main UN Summit 2015 outcomes is the adoption of global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) built on achievements of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to guide the path of sustainable development in the world after 2015. World leaders gathered at the United Nations to take responsibility for the implementation of 17 Sustainable Development Goals – a truly universal and transformative global development agenda. The article analyzes main common features and distinctions of SDGs and MDGs. It addresses priorities for the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development and primary SDG targe

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8

Salinger, Rober Miller. "First-Order Determinants of Capital Structure among Listed Manufacturing Companies in the United States of America." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 4 (September 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4072.

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Capital structure plays a critical role which enables manufacturing firms address the dilemma of whether or not an optimal capital structure can be achieved. The total capital of a firm is composed of both debt and equity which makes up firm’s capital structure. The capital structure of manufacturing firms is made up of a combination of internal financing and external financing of the firm. Internal financing composed of equity, preference share capital and shareholder's funds and external financing composed of long term debt and short term debt of the firm. Internal financing using profits as

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9

Weinbaum, Marvin G. "Dependent Development and U.S. Economic Aid to Egypt." International Journal of Middle East Studies 18, no. 2 (May 1986): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800029755.

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Egypt was firmly ensconced by the early 1980s in the ranks of the Third World's more dependent, financially troubled economies. The country's total foreign debt, under $3 billion in 1973, had grown to 16 billion by 1979. In 1982–83, the external debt was estimated at $20 billion, with the servicing of medium and long-term obligations absorbing more than one-third of export earnings. The terms of trade were also moving against Egypt as its major exports lost value. A trade deficit, registered largely with EEC countries and the United States, stood at the equivalent of $4.7 billion in 1982–83.

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10

Nasution, Anwar. "Global Savings–Investment Imbalances: What Role for East Asia?" Asian Economic Papers 6, no. 2 (May 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2007.6.2.1.

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This paper examines the current path of global imbalances and the role of East Asia in addressing these issues. The roots of the problem are the exploding budget deficit and soaring current account deficit of the United States. The twin deficits are being financed by foreign savings including the placement of the massive foreign exchange reserves of East Asia in U.S. dollar–denominated debt, such as U.S. Treasury notes. Solving the imbalances will require corrections of internal and external imbalances by both the United States and its trading partners. How East Asia deploys its reserves could

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11

Carneiro, Gabriel Santos. "Poder e Autonomia: As Assimetrias do Sistema Financeiro e Monetário Internacional." ÎANDÉ : Ciências e Humanidades 2, no. 1 (July 21, 2018): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36942/iande.v2i1.49.

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Este artigo tem por objetivo explicitar a natureza assimétrica das relações financeiras e monetárias entre os Estados desde 1945 até o presente. Destaca-se que as decisões tomadas acerca das questão financeiras internacionais foram marcadas pelo unilateralismo dos Estados Unidos, de forma que o poder, tratado em termos de autonomia, se mostrou fator decisivo e explicativo das mudanças financeiras internacionais. Assim, o sistema financeiro internacional é caracterizado por uma discrepante autonomia norte-americana em relação aos demais países, de maneira que esse sistema é moldado fundamentalm

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12

Francis, Jere R., Inder K. Khurana, and Raynolde Pereira. "Disclosure Incentives and Effects on Cost of Capital around the World." Accounting Review 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 1125–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2005.80.4.1125.

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Prior research predicts that firms reliant on external financing are more likely to undertake a higher level of disclosure, and a higher disclosure level should, in turn, lead to a lower cost of external financing. This paper tests these predictions outside the United States where alternative legal and financial systems could mitigate the effectiveness of such disclosures and, comprehensively, examines both disclosure incentives and disclosure consequences on cost of capital for a common set of firms. Using a sample from 34 countries, we find that firms in industries with greater external fina

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13

Ari, Ibrahim, and Muammer Koc. "Sustainable Financing for Sustainable Development: Understanding the Interrelations between Public Investment and Sovereign Debt." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113901.

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This study investigates the causal relationship between public investment and sovereign debt (i.e., external and domestic public debt) with respect to the limits of public-debt sustainability for four countries with the highest GDP (i.e., the United States, China, Japan, Germany) during the period of 2000–2015. In summary, this study establishes quantitative evidence based on empirical findings to support the claim that sovereign debt is harmful to the financing of public infrastructure if it breaches certain thresholds, as proposed in this study, and according to the literature. By this appro

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Santarcángelo, Juan E., and Juan Manuel Padín. "Reshaping the Economic Structure in Argentina: The Role of External Debt during the Macri Administration (2015–2019)." Review of Radical Political Economics 53, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613420976429.

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Argentina’s right-wing shift in the 2015 presidential election concluded twelve years of center-left rule. The elected president, Mauricio Macri, claimed that the economy would experience normalization of existing imbalances and recover its strength in a “new political era.” However, the new administration quickly restored the dominance of neoliberal economic policies through a comprehensive set of initiatives, which centrally included the return to international financial debt and equity markets and submission to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) rules. This article analyzes Argentina’s

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15

Joyce, Philip G., and Aichiro Suryo Prabowo. "Government responses to the coronavirus in the United States: immediate remedial actions, rising debt levels and budgetary hangovers." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 5 (September 18, 2020): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0111.

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PurposeThis paper reviews the response of both the national and state governments in the United States to the coronavirus pandemic and discusses budgetary challenges that are likely to be faced by the country over the next several years.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses government sources, analysis by internal and external think tanks and contemporaneous media accounts to describe both the problem and the governmental responses.FindingsSince the first cases appeared in the US in early 2020, and particularly as the numbers started to expand substantially by March of that year, governmen

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16

Ma, Jiameng. "Determinants of Small Business Owner Loan." Journal of Finance Research 3, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v3i2.2174.

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Shareholders and debtholders have diverging objectives. Shareholders are residual claimants whereas debtholders are fxed claimants to frm’s assets. In leveraged frms, shareholders may increase the value of their claims at the expense of debtholders. The presence of shareholders being debtholders is a smart interest alignment, providing a solution to shareholder-debtholder conﬂicts. This paper focuses on small businesses, which play an important role in the United States economy but are generally neglected by academia. Utilizing National Survey of Small Business Finance (NSSBF) data, this paper

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17

Suter, Christian, and Hanspeter Stamm. "Coping with Global Debt Crises: Debt Settlements, 1820 to 1986." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 4 (October 1992): 645–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750001803x.

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The settlement of the external debt of insolvent sovereign borrowers has become one of the most important issues in relations between the north and south since the outbreak of the global debt crisis in the early 1980s. For the past eight years representatives of governments and international organizations, bankers, and scientists have suggested several proposals and plans to solve the present debt crisis. The most prominent schemes in this respect are the Baker Plan of 1985, which suggested massive new credits for the most highly indebted developing countries, and the recently adopted Brady Pl

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18

Sekacheva, A. B. "Crisis Phenomena in the European Union Economy at the Present Stage of its Development." World of new economy 15, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2021-15-1-91-99.

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The article reveals the main problems related to the EU economy’s state and the prospects for its further development. This topic is extremely important for Russia since the European Union is its leading foreign trade partner. The article states that the EU is the largest integration grouping globally in terms of its economic potential. Simultaneously, the lack of significant reserves of natural resources and dependence on their external supplies does not allow the EU to realize its economic opportunities fully. At the same time, the export-oriented model of the economies of its leading member

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19

Tovsultanova, Malika S., Rustam A. Tovsultanov, and Lilia N. Galimova. "Turkey’s political crisis of the 1970s and the military coup on September 12, 1980." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202093210.

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In the 1970s, Turkey was in a state of political turbulence. Weak coalition governments changed frequently and could not bring order to the country. The city streets turned into an arena of battles for various armed radical groups of nationalist, communist, Islamist and separatist persuasions. For 9 years from 1971 to 1980, 10 governments changed in Turkey. The political crisis was accompanied by an economic downturn, expressed in hyperinflation and an increase in external debt. Chaos and anarchy caused discontent among Turkish financial circles and generals with the situation in the country a

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20

Alonge, Funmilayo Bukola, and Clement Olatunji Olaoye. "The Effects of Public Debt Financing: A Multi-state Perspective." Archives of Business Research 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2022): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.109.12851.

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This paper investigates the relation between public debt financing and government expenditure. Using year and states fixed effect estimation, we find that the amount owed by federating states propels government spending. While external debts have a significant and positive association with public expenditure, domestic debts have positive effect, though not significantly different from zero, on government expenditure. The study recommends that policymakers in the public sector should widen external debts than domestic debts because its influence governments’ recurrent and capital expenditure.

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21

Moroke, Ntebogang Dinah. "A pairwise unit-root-test based approach to investigating convergence of household debts in South Africa and the United States." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 2 (2015): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i2_c1_p7.

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The purpose of this paper was to test convergence of household debts in the United States and South Africa taking a pairwise unit root tests based approaches into account. Substantial number of studies dealt with convergence of several macroeconomic variables but to my knowledge no study considered this subject with respect to household debts of the identified countries. Quarterly data on household debts consisting of 88 observations in the South Africa and United States spanning the period 1990 to 2013 was collected from the South African and St. Louis Federal Reserve Banks. Focused on the ab

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22

Haddou, Yacob, Rebecca Mancy, Jason Matthiopoulos, Sofie Spatharis, and Davide M. Dominoni. "Widespread extinction debts and colonization credits in United States breeding bird communities." Nature Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 3 (February 10, 2022): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01653-3.

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AbstractSpecies extinctions and colonizations in response to land cover change often occur with time lags rather than instantaneously, leading to extinction debts and colonization credits. These debts and credits can lead to erroneous predictions of future biodiversity. Recent attempts to measure debts and credits have been limited to small geographical areas and have not considered multiple land cover types, or the directionality of land cover change. Here we quantify the relative contribution of past and current landscapes on the current effective number of species of 2,880 US bird communiti

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BLAGUN, Ivan. "PRICE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BOND MARKETS." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(58) (2019): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.01.028.

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Introduction. The strengthening of globalization processes leads to a greater integration of the domestic financial market into the global financial market, especially bond market. Ukraine is under significant influence of world economic processes. In this context the impact that has on the state of the domestic market of Ukraine our financial market, as well as the actions of American financial regulators. On the background of the formation of excessive debt structure of the global financial market, including the US market, the financial market of Ukraine in recent time, there is also the nat

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Hashim, Norayati, and Mohd Fahmy Abdullah. "Technical Efficiency (TE) in Malaysia Electric and Electronic Manufacturing Industry: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) Approach." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(98).

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The Electric and Electronic (E&E) manufacturing industry is becoming more important for Malaysia economy that contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provide huge in job creation. Hence, real GDP grew at an average rate of 6.1% per year over 1970 to 2018 period, higher than the average growth of the advanced countries (OECD Economic Surveys: Malaysia 2019, 2019). Furthermore, Malaysia is a major player in the fast-expanding E&E market, of which major export destinations include Singapore, Hong Kong, the USA, PRC, Japan and Europe. In 2019, 37.8% of Malaysia total exports we

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Bindewald, Leander. "Inconsistent Definitions of Money and Currency in Financial Legislation as a Threat to Innovation and Sustainability." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020055.

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External shocks, like the climate catastrophe or the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as intrinsic fallacies like the securitization of bad debt leading up to the financial crisis in 2008, point to the need for updating our monetary and financial systems. Ensuring their adequacy and resilience is an important factor for sustainability at large. This paper examines the definitions of “money” and “currency” in financial legislation as a foundational factor in achieving systemic resilience by allowing or hampering monetary innovation and diversity. From the unencumbered vantage point that the practice

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Fishman, Joshua A. "Toward Multilingualism as an International Desideratum in Government, Business, and the Professions." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 6 (March 1985): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003019.

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The term “multilingualism,” or any of its partial synonyms and correlates (such as “bilingualism” or “bilingual education”), refers to so complex a field of phenomena that it should really be no surprise that it is defined or clarified in much the same way as are the constituent items of a projective test: more in accord with the latent internal dynamics of whatever “moves” the definer than in accord with the manifest external characteristics of the defined. Not only is this true if we move from culture to culture and seek to discover the dominant views about “multilingualism” in a variety of

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27

Zhiltsov, S. S. "West’s role in the development of Ukraine." Post-Soviet Issues 7, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2020-7-3-266-275.

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The collapse of the USSR pushed Ukraine for pursuing a policy aimed at expanding cooperation with Western countries. Ukraine placed great emphasis on economic cooperation with the EU and United States, as well as financial assistance from Western countries and international financial organizations, primarily the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Such interest in collaborating with the IMF was driven by the needs of the Ukrainian economy to solve current social and economic problems, maintain the political stability for the elites in power. The increased focus of the Ukrainian side on external

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Kirichenko, Elina. "Consolidated Debts of the U.S. non-financial sector: Post-pandemic Estimates." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 6 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760023472-6.

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The purpose of the article is to study the trends, problems and risks of consolidated domestic debts of the US non-financial sector at the present stage. The problems of budgets of different levels are considered: the federal budget, state budgets, the influence of the “pandemic” crisis on their income and expenses. In the framework of the analysis of the debts of the US non-financial sector the national (sovereign) debt of the United States, the aggregated debts of states and municipalities are singled out, and the heterogeneity of their financial situation is studied. The debt problems of th

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Лариса Ивановна, Волова. "THE PECULIARITY OF THE LEGAL NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL DEBT LAW." NORTH CAUCASUS LEGAL VESTNIK 1, no. 1 (March 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-1-100-106.

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In this article, the author examines important problematic issues of international debt law as an institution of international financial law: he determines the trends of development now and in the future of international legal norms, rules, standards. Leadership in the field under consideration. The article provides an assessment of acceptable ways to solve the debt problem at the universal level. The author suggests ways to more effectively restructure the external debts of states, taking into account their legislation and contractual practice. The evaluation of documents related to the manag

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Zhiltsov, S. S. "Coronavirus hits former-Soviet countries." Post-Soviet Issues 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2020-7-1-8-17.

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The year of 2020 started a new chapter in the development of former-Soviet countries. The coronavirus epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, has spread to affect all countries throughout the world, including the countries of the former Soviet Union. Its influence has already affected the economic and social development of the countries in the post-Soviet space. Closing borders, stopping tourism, and imposing severe restrictions on transport services were the first measures that contributed to reducing the incidence rates. At the same time, these measures affected bilateral and mul

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Batondo, Musumba, and Josine Uwilingiye. "Comovement across BRICS and the US Stock Markets: A Multitime Scale Wavelet Analysis." International Journal of Financial Studies 10, no. 2 (April 12, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10020027.

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During the past two decades, financial markets across the globe have experienced sporadic waves of crashes. Such waves raise concerns about the vulnerability of global financial markets and the transmission mechanisms of shocks beyond borders. The current study examines the co-movement of stock markets in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries and the United States of America (US). It unfolds their exposure to contagion effects during the major financial crises, which have flared up since 2000. Daily close price indices of selected stock markets were used in this endea

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Okhrimenko, Igor Viktorovich. "On the impact of socioeconomic policy upon national security (based on the example of Turkish currency and debt crisis of 2018)." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 3 (March 2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2020.3.32850.

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This article is dedicated to examination of the impact of social factors upon the state of national economic security, which is a vital segment within the overall system of national security. Insurance of national economic security implies activities aimed at elimination of factors that negatively affect the development and independence of the national economy. Such factors, of internal or external origin, are views as threats to national economic security. The subject of this research is internal threats that emerged as a result of unfavorable socioeconomic policy of the state. The author des

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Drezner, Daniel W. "Bad Debts: Assessing China's Financial Influence in Great Power Politics." International Security 34, no. 2 (October 2009): 7–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2009.34.2.7.

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Commentators and policymakers have articulated growing concerns about U.S. dependence on China and other authoritarian capitalist states as a source of credit to fund the United States' trade and budget deficits. What are the security implications of China's creditor status? If Beijing or another sovereign creditor were to flex its financial muscles, would Washington buckle? The answer can be drawn from the existing literature on economic statecraft. An appraisal of the ability of creditor states to convert their financial power into political power suggests that the power of credit has been m

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Lubetsky, Michael H. "Interest Relief on Income Tax Debts: Canada Versus the United States." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 68, no. 4 (January 2021): 931–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2020.68.4.lubetsky.

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Subsection 220(3.1) of the Income Tax Act authorizes the minister of national revenue to waive or cancel interest on income tax debts. This power is typically exercised in four circumstances: where interest has accumulated owing to circumstances beyond a taxpayer's control; where the interest has accumulated owing to error or delay by the Canada Revenue Agency; where the accumulated interest causes hardship; or in the context of a voluntary disclosure. South of the border, section 6404 of the Internal Revenue Code authorizes the secretary of the Treasury to "abate" interest on tax debts. As a

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Barrett, Tristam. "“Your debts are our problem”." Focaal 2020, no. 87 (June 1, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.012801.

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AbstractUnlike in other countries with debt-saddled populations, the issue of consumer debt has been weakly politicized in Azerbaijan. There have been no social movements of the kind that occurred around the financial crises in the United States, the European periphery, or even in Ukraine's post-revolution attempt at a “financial Maidan.” The lack of a public politics of debt left banks to act as predators, using a weak court system to intimidate people and obtain repayment of debts. Yet the constraints to the public sphere within which a contentious politics might unfold does not mean no such

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Vasiliev, V. S. "Federal debt pyramid and record budget deficits as a threat to national security of the USA." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 804–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2211-04.

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The article analyzes the transformation of the problem of federal debt and budget defi cits in the United States from a sphere that has a purely economic dimension to the most acute task of ensuring the US national security. It is emphasized that the main demarcation line that predetermined the distinction between the purely economic dimension of the problem of debts and defi cits and national economic security was the ratio of federal debt to GDP, equal to 119 %, recorded in the mid-1940s after the end of World War II. This indicator was considered a benchmark for the historical strength and

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Lester, V. Markham. "The Effect of Southern State Bond Repudiation and British Debt Collection Efforts on Anglo-American Relations, 1840–1940." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 2 (April 2013): 415–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.58.

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AbstractBritish officials' largely negative impression of the United States caused by America's intransigence in allowing renegotiation of Britain's First World War debts must be viewed against a backdrop of a longstanding debtor-creditor relationship between the two nations. Since the mid-nineteenth century, British creditors, largely through the efforts of the London-based Corporation of Foreign Bondholders, vigorously yet unsuccessfully attempted to collect large debts on repudiated American state bonds. This article provides greater understanding of this history and shows that the nineteen

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SYLLA, RICHARD. "The transition to a monetary union in the United States, 1787–1795." Financial History Review 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565006000060.

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A convertible US-dollar monetary union was the least controversial component of the US financial revolution of the early 1790s. Although the fiat paper currencies of the colonies before 1776 sometimes worked reasonably well, the founders had good reasons for the constitutional ban on their continuance by US states. The ban, a surrender of states' sovereignty over money, at the time proved to be relatively uncontroversial for two reasons. One is that the financial revolution lightened the fiscal burdens of states by assuming their debts and making them part of the national debt. The other is th

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Isaev, K. A. "Economic diplomacy of Russia towards Venezuela: From H. Chaves to N. Maduro." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 14, no. 2 (October 18, 2022): 173–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-2-173-208.

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The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela faces a deep political and economic crisis that is exacerbated by severe restrictive measures imposed against it by the United States and their allies. In these circumstances, the availability of external economic support becomes particularly important. In recent years, Russia has become one of the key donors for Venezuela with a wide range of economic diplomacy tools at its disposal. Drawing upon official data, as well as recent findings of Russian and foreign researchers, the present paper examines the evolution of Russian economic diplomacy towards Venez

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Miller, K. M. "Measurements of External Radiation in United States Dwellings." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1992): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081598.

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Miller, K. M. "Measurements of External Radiation in United States Dwellings." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1992): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/45.1-4.535.

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Ihsane Bouberima and Hamza Chaker. "The Buildup of Global Debt and the Emergence of a New Global Financial Crisis." مجلة إسرا الدولية للمالية الإسلامية 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijifarabic.v12i2.74.

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Many economic researchers and economic policy-makers are discussing an upcoming global financial crisis that will result in a long-term economic recession due to the accumulation of global debt that has reached record levels. However, the truth is that the crisis is still far from our economic reality because the debt crisis has been addressed in a number of countries since the crisis of the 1980s by the rescheduling and write-offs of debts, international cooperation, and other measures. Also, the United States is still able to manage its debts as long as the dollar is the global reserve curre

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Wang, Sophia I.-Ling. "Bank External Financing and Early Adoption of SFAS 133." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 21, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091518500157.

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This study examines whether and how US bank holding companies that early adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” experience changes in their external financing activities relative to banks that did not early adopt the standard. Consistent with predictions, the study shows that early adopters hold higher and experience greater changes in their leverage compared with nonearly adopters. In addition, early adopters experience greater shifts in weights of liabilities other than insured deposits in banks’ funding

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Killick, Evan. "The Debts that Bind Us: A Comparison of Amazonian Debt-Peonage and U.S. Mortgage Practices." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 344–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417511000089.

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Three years after the global financial crisis started academic and popular publications assessing its origins, consequences and wider implications are starting to emerge. The origins of the crisis are generally explained as stemming from the rapid increase in subprime mortgage lending in the United States and the credit default swaps banks and other financial institutions traded amongst themselves based on these loans. As homeowners found it increasingly difficult to make their repayments and housing prices in the United States started to drop, a downward spiral ensued. In this cycle ever-grow

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Ishikawa, Tomoko. "Extraterritorial Discovery in Aid of Execution and State Immunity: Case Comment on Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd., 573 U.S. ___ (2014)." Accounting, Economics and Law - A Convivium 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2014-0016.

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AbstractOn 16 June 2014, the Supreme Court of the United States rejected the petition for a writ of certiorari stemming from the dispute over the meaning of the pari passu clause in the Argentine sovereign bonds. This decision had a dramatic impact on Argentina’s sovereign debt restructurings (SDR) – indeed, it arguably led to Argentina’s second default in 13 years on 30 July 2014. On the same day that the petition for certiorari was rejected, the Supreme Court rendered a judgment on the issue of the relationship between discovery in aid of execution against the debtor state’s extraterritorial

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Rainero, Christian, Alessandro Migliavacca, and Sara Reano. "Overheads as a Performance Indicator in the Local Public Sector Organizations." International Journal of Business and Management 15, no. 8 (June 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p1.

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If we consider business forms from the point of view of satisfying needs, public companies are consumer companies that satisfy collective needs with the aim of redistributing income. They differ from production companies in that they do not have direct access to the market, so that the sources of financing derive from the taxes imposed by law, while the uses concern management costs, capital investments and debt repayments. Maintaining this interpretation, another category belonging to consumer companies is that of non-profit companies, which can be equated partially to public companies precis

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Jae Young, Lim. "How the Budget Process Works in the U.S. House Appropriations Committee and Its Implications for the Korean Government." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 32, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps32201.

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The recent recession and subsequent rescue efforts along with snowballing annual deficits and national debts in the United States have made it urgent for scholars to examine national budget processes across countries. The House Appropriations Committee is a key cog in the annual appropriations process in the United States and understanding how it behaves offers a clue for what to do with central government deficits. I offer a comprehensive review of scholarly contributions on the behavior of House Appropriation Committee since Fenno`s seminal works in 1962 and 1966. Then, I note potential less

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Khan, B. Zorina. "Married Women's Property Laws and Female Commercial Activity: Evidence from United States Patent Records, 1790–1895." Journal of Economic History 56, no. 2 (June 1996): 356–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070001648x.

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Nineteenth-century laws granted wives previously withheld rights to their own property and earnings as well as liability for debts and contracts. I use 4,198 women's patents to assess whether these laws encouraged greater female commercial activity. Patentees were motivated by potential profits and were responsive to market incentives. Women's patenting jumped significantly in states with legal reforms and was lowest in states without such laws. Much of the subsequent increase occurred in metropolitan centers where property rights were of greater concern. Thus, by reducing transactions costs a

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Holtfreter, Robert E., and Adrian Harrington. "Data breach trends in the United States." Journal of Financial Crime 22, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2013-0055.

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Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the trends of various types of data breaches and their compromised records in the USA using a new model recently developed by the authors. Design/methodology/approach – The 2,280 data breaches and over 512 million related compromised records tracked by the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse from 2005 through 2010 were analyzed and classified into four external, five internal and one non-traceable data breach categories, after which trends were determined for each. Findings – The findings indicate that although the trends for the annual number of

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Flissak, Kostyantyn, and Darya Glukhova. "THE POSITION OF THE FINANCIAL COMPONENT IN THE PARADIGM OF MODERN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-3-186-194.

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At the beginning of the 21st century, most subjects of international economic relations announced a course to liberalize the world economy both as a whole and as its individual components. At the same time, under the influence of geopolitical and geo-economic aspirations, state instruments of a protectionist nature were increasingly used. Global economic development has become a hostage to such processes. In such circumstances, the efficiency of individual business entities has begun to decline. Innovative tools were needed to prevent this. One of them was economic diplomacy, which has acquire

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