Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DECA'

Mestrado em Design<br>O trabalho que se segue tem como principal objectivo compreender qual a forma mais eficaz de representar eventos no tempo e que conteúdos devem ser apresentados numa plataforma de auxílio à preservação da memória institucional. Este estudo passa por conceber uma interface gráfica que detenha todas as características de um arquivo, para isso terá como foco os princípios de interacção e usabilidade, a arquitectura de informação e a Visualização de Informação. A sua metodologia passa pelo levantamento e análise de casos semelhantes, bem como pela realização de entrevistas, no sentido de realizar uma proposta de design gráfico e de interacção para a Plataforma Mnésis, passando pelos testes de usabilidade para identificar os pontos bons e menos bons do projecto. Na vertente teórica é feita uma recolha bibliográfica que engloba o design de interacção, a visualização de informação, a arquitectura de informação e a experiência do utilizador. Na vertente prática é descrito um processo evolutivo de duas propostas distintas: uma proposta livre, criada de raiz através dos requisitos funcionais estabelecidos perante as entrevistas efectuadas a alguns intervenientes do DeCA e uma proposta que respeita a identidade da Universidade de Aveiro, onde se manteve a mesma grelha e elementos representativos encontrados no site da universidade. Com esta investigação pretende-se alertar para a importância da preservação da memória institucional, conceber uma interface gráfica que apresente as actividades desenvolvidas no Departamento de Comunicação e Arte proporcionando uma maior consciencialização e, dessa forma, originar novos eventos a serem realizados.<br>The main objective of the following work is to understand what's the most effective way to represent events over time, and what content should be presented in a platform of support to the preservation of institutional memory. This study involves creating a graphical interface that holds all the characteristics of an archive, and so it will focus on interaction and usability principles, the information architecture and the information visualization. Its methodology is the collection and analysis of similar cases, as well as the realization of interviews, in an effort of conceiving a graphic design and interaction suggestion for the Mnésis platform, and usability tests to identify the positive and the not so positive aspects of the project. In the theoretical strand, takes place a bibliographic collection that encompasses the interaction design, the information visualization, the information architecture and the user experience. In the practical component its described an evolutional process of two separate proposals: a free proposal, created from scratch using the functional requirements established by the interviews with some DeCA partakers and another proposal concerning the Universidade de Aveiro identity, in which the screen and representative elements found on the university website are kept. This investigation is intended to draw attention to the importance of preserving the institutional memory, designing a graphical interface that presents the activities undertaken in the Department of Communication and Art providing greater awareness and thus originating new events to be held in the future.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 168 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-168). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carmo_ca_me_botib.pdf: 354246 bytes, checksum: 4c9e96974ccabd93669458a1fdf56b19 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Os anabolizantes esteróides têm sido amplamente utilizados por profissionais e atletas de elite para melhorar sua aparência e habilidades atléticas. Além disso, eles apresentam um importante papel quimioterapêutico no tratamento de vários tipos de distúrbios metabólicos, homeostáticos e sexuais, em ambos os sexos. Tendo em vista que muitas drogas esteróides têm apresentado diferentes resultados considerando efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genotóxico do hormônio nandrolona (deca-durabolin®) in vivo em células da medula óssea e do sangue periférico de camundongos, usando o teste do micronúcleo e o ensaio do cometa, respectivamente. Os animas receberam injeção intradérmica de 3 concentrações do hormônio esteróide (1.0, 2.5 e 5.0 mg/kg peso corporal). As células foram coletadas 24 h após o tratamento hormonal para o teste do micronúcleo (avaliação da clastogenicidade) e o teste do cometa (avaliação da genotoxicidade). O teste do micronúcleo evidenciou que as duas maiores doses testadas da nandrolona induziram aumentos estatisticamente significativos de células micronucleadas e o teste do cometa não evidenciou aumento significativo de danos no DNA nos linfócitos do sangue periférico. Sob estas condições experimentais, conclui-se que o hormônio esteróide nandrolona apresentou efeito clastogênico e/ou aneugênico e, por outro lado, não foram observados efeitos genotóxicos quando o mesmo foi administrado intradermicamente em camundongos<br>Anabolic androgenic steroids have been widely used by professional and elite athletes to improve their appearance and athletic abilities. Besides, they have an important place in the chemotherapeutic treatment of various types of metabolic, homeostatic, and sexual disorders in both sexes. Since many steroidal drugs have been found to be different results considering genotoxic and mutagenic effects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of nandrolone (deca-durabolin®) in vivo in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice, using micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The animals received intradermal injection of the 3 concentrations of the steroid (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight). The cells were collected 24 h after the hormone-treatment for the micronucleus (clastogenicity endpoint) and comet assays (genotoxicity endpoint). Micronucleus test showed that the two higher tested-doses of the nandrolone induced statistically significant increase of the micronucleated cells and comet assay no evidenced significant increase in the DNA damage of the lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Under our experimental conditions, the nandrolone steroid hormone showed clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects and, on the other hand, no genotoxic effects when administered intradermally to mice

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 389366.pdf: 1150613 bytes, checksum: ea325e5b31e53120158a6930d7f38555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-27<br>A presente tese investiga a constitui??o do ser humano, o Dasein, na forma de um dos seus existenciais: a deca?da. A partir de uma leitura de Ser e tempo, onde se destacam os existenciais compreens?o, sentimento de situa??o e cuidado, busca-se explicitar a deca?da atrav?s de dois eixos condutores: o cotidiano tematizado e o encobrimento do ser. O cotidiano tematizado assume a forma da cotidianidade que ? tratada em Ser e tempo. O encobrimento do ser ? destacado pela contribui??o de uma leitura da confer?ncia O que metaf?sica? feita em 1929, juntamente com a sua introdu??o (1949) e posf?cio (1943). Desta forma, o encobrimento do ser atinge um grau ampliado, al?m da dimens?o da anal?tica do Dasein. A partir desta compreens?o do encobrimento, torna-se poss?vel especificar o eixo condutor pela tem?tica do conhecimento, utilizando-se alguns constructos das teorias do conhecimento. A tese trabalha com os existenciais compreens?o e sentimento de situa??o e tamb?m na maneira como se insere o recurso metodol?gico de Heidegger sob a forma dos ind?cios-formais. A utiliza??o dos ind?ciosformais marca uma diferen?a entre Heidegger e a tradi??o e determina a possibilidade de manter a vida f?tica sob o foco de investiga??o. A tematiza??o do cotidiano percorre toda a an?lise, principalmente quando esta se remete ? pr?pria obra Ser e tempo. Assim, o elemento da tematiza??o do cotidiano se mostra como fator discriminador entre uma interpreta??o baseada na anal?tica existencial e uma interpreta??o encobridora baseada na metaf?sica. A tese analisa os existenciais e as principais condi??es do Dasein entre elas o ser-em e o ser-no-mundo, mostrando atrav?s deles o cotidiano tematizado e o encobrimento, que podem revelar um alcance na compreens?o do existencial deca?da. A tese demonstra que os elementos contidos na deca?da podem ser utilizados para realizar uma an?lise da tradi??o filos?fica, na medida em que esta se mostra encobridora do ser. A tradi??o filos?fica, tomada na forma de constructos da teoria do conhecimento, ? confrontada com o trabalho dos existenciais, principalmente, dos existenciais compreens?o e sentimento de situa??o. O trabalho de an?lise investiga a forma do ser-a? fugir diante do seu estar-arrojado ao mundo. Esta fuga, tematizada pela deca?da, determina um encobrimento do car?ter de ser deste ente. Este encobrimento pode ser mostrado atrav?s do modo de ser do conhecer. O modo de ser do conhecer ? um modo do ser-em, esta situa??o do conhecer ? obtida atrav?s de uma leitura da obra Proleg?menos para a hist?ria do conceito de tempo. Nesta obra, Heidegger afirma que o conhecer ? um modo de ser do ser-em. Este modo de ser do ser-em n?o ?, um modo de ser fundamental do ser-no-mundo. Este elemento do ser-em abre a possibilidade da pesquisa do conhecimento ser inserida dentro da leitura de Ser e tempo, na forma do existencial deca?da. Assim se alcan?a uma explicita??o da deca?da, mostrando o quanto este existencial ainda pode ser explorado

Orientador: Edson Luis Maistro<br>Banca: Mario Sergio Montovani<br>Banca: Luis Fernando Barbisan<br>Resumo: Os anabolizantes esteróides têm sido amplamente utilizados por profissionais e atletas de elite para melhorar sua aparência e habilidades atléticas. Além disso, eles apresentam um importante papel quimioterapêutico no tratamento de vários tipos de distúrbios metabólicos, homeostáticos e sexuais, em ambos os sexos. Tendo em vista que muitas drogas esteróides têm apresentado diferentes resultados considerando efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genotóxico do hormônio nandrolona (deca-durabolin®) in vivo em células da medula óssea e do sangue periférico de camundongos, usando o teste do micronúcleo e o ensaio do cometa, respectivamente. Os animas receberam injeção intradérmica de 3 concentrações do hormônio esteróide (1.0, 2.5 e 5.0 mg/kg peso corporal). As células foram coletadas 24 h após o tratamento hormonal para o teste do micronúcleo (avaliação da clastogenicidade) e o teste do cometa (avaliação da genotoxicidade). O teste do micronúcleo evidenciou que as duas maiores doses testadas da nandrolona induziram aumentos estatisticamente significativos de células micronucleadas e o teste do cometa não evidenciou aumento significativo de danos no DNA nos linfócitos do sangue periférico. Sob estas condições experimentais, conclui-se que o hormônio esteróide nandrolona apresentou efeito clastogênico e/ou aneugênico e, por outro lado, não foram observados efeitos genotóxicos quando o mesmo foi administrado intradermicamente em camundongos<br>Abstract: Anabolic androgenic steroids have been widely used by professional and elite athletes to improve their appearance and athletic abilities. Besides, they have an important place in the chemotherapeutic treatment of various types of metabolic, homeostatic, and sexual disorders in both sexes. Since many steroidal drugs have been found to be different results considering genotoxic and mutagenic effects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of nandrolone (deca-durabolin®) in vivo in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice, using micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The animals received intradermal injection of the 3 concentrations of the steroid (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight). The cells were collected 24 h after the hormone-treatment for the micronucleus (clastogenicity endpoint) and comet assays (genotoxicity endpoint). Micronucleus test showed that the two higher tested-doses of the nandrolone induced statistically significant increase of the micronucleated cells and comet assay no evidenced significant increase in the DNA damage of the lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Under our experimental conditions, the nandrolone steroid hormone showed clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects and, on the other hand, no genotoxic effects when administered intradermally to mice<br>Mestre

Nous proposons dans cette thèse un système d'information coopératif (SIC), DECA, qui élabore une solution aux problèmes d'interopérabilité sémantique des systèmes d'information. L'approche adopte une médiation sémantique réalisée autour d'une architecture à base d'agents qui coopèrent intelligemment pour la résolution dynamique et décentralisée de requêtes distribuées. La médiation sémantique repose sur le concept d'ontologie pour homogénéiser l'information échangée et partagée entre les SI hétérogènes. Chaque composant du SIC adhère à tout ou une partie de l'ontologie, dans le but d'un routage pertinent des requêtes exprimées dans les termes de l'ontologie. L'interprétation correcte d'une requête est guidée par l'utilisation de règles sémantiques couplées aux concepts afin d'enrichir leur sémantique et permettre la correspondance entre les termes des requêtes et leurs équivalents locaux. Une architecture à base d'agents met en œuvre la médiation sémantique à l'aide de quatre types d'agents : des agents de coopération et un agent ontologie pour la médiation sémantique, des agents wrapper pour l'accès aux sources de données et les agents interfaces entre l'utilisateur et le système global. Un agent a la capacité de déclencher par interaction des actions à distance dans d'autres agents. La stratégie de traitement de requêtes distribuées adoptée est basée sur une nouvelle méthode de réduction progressive de requête où la décomposition statique est abandonnée au profit d'une décomposition dynamique et décentralisée. Chaque site recevant une requête la traite soit complètement s'il dispose des données requises par la requête, soit partiellement. Dans un tel cas, la partie de la requête non traitée est déléguée à un autre site de la coopération, choisi en fonction de ce reste. Cette méthode met en œuvre la médiation sémantique pour interpréter correctement une requête et l'environnement multi-agent pour implémenter le processus de réduction.

Orientador: Miguel Juan Basic<br>Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T23:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bianchi_RobertoPuccia_M.pdf: 8836336 bytes, checksum: e3f32165080773892a155220717e1ef5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Esta dissertação trata do processo de modernização da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de São Paulo, tendo como foco a DECA eletrônica (declaração cadastral, os dados sobre a empresa). Esta DECA eletrônica está dentro do projeto PFE ¿ Posto Fiscal Eletrônico. Nesta dissertação, examina-se um caso real de mudança envolvendo o estudo da burocracia, da questão das mudanças organizacionais, da participação (ou não) dos envolvidos, os contribuintes e os funcionários. Foram feitas entrevistas com representantes dos contabilistas e dos funcionários, utilizaram-se jornais de classe e oficiais da Secretaria. Buscou-se mostrar o contexto em que essas mudanças se verificaram. A reinvenção do governo, a fundação do MARE, Ministério da Administração e Reforma do Estado, e uma panorâmica breve desde a revolução de 30 até os nossos dias. Esta analise mostra uma ligação no tempo histórico dessa mudança. E a influência do exterior, Estados Unidos, e do Governo Federal no programa do Governo Estadual e deste na Secretaria da Fazenda. Após a comparação com as bases teóricas estudadas, como burocracia, mudança, gerência participativa, administração pela qualidade total, constatou-se que se está diante de uma modernização de cima para baixo, utilizando-se, fortemente, a Tecnologia da Informação, e com fraca participação dos envolvidos. São apresentadas, nas conclusões, sugestões para as futuras mudanças nessa entidade burocrática<br>Abstract: The present dissertation concerns about the modernization process of Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo state revenue service), focusing electronic DECA (dossier statement, firm data). This electronic DECA is inserted inside project of the PFE ¿ Posto Fiscal Eletrônico). This study include the analysis of bureaucracy, questions about organization changes, partnership of the envolved people, taxpayers and servants. Interviews were conducted with accountants and servants representative entities. Category and official newspapers were also employed. The aim is to show the context in wich changes happened. There are relations about the reinvention of government, the foundation of MARE ¿ Ministerio da Administração e Reforma do Estado, and a approach study to a period beginning from 1930 revolution to present days. This analysis shows a connection in historical times of that change, and the foreign influence, mainly from the United Sates, and from Federal Government in the São Paulo state program and from this late in the Secretaria da Fazenda. After confrontations with theoretical basis, like bureaucracy, changes, shared management and total quality management was verified that modernization occurred from up to down throusht the hierarchy, and strongly based on Information Technology and few participation of envolved people. In conclusions are offered suggestions for future changes in this bureaucratic entity<br>Mestrado<br>Gestão da Qualidade Total<br>Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador : Prof. Dr. José Fernando Ibañez<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Defesa: Curitiba, 22/03/2016<br>Inclui referências : f. 46-61<br>Área de concentração<br>Resumo: Atualmente pesquisas estão sendo realizadas com o intuito de diminuir o tempo de consolidação óssea. O osso esponjoso é considerado enxerto ósseo padrão ouro devido seu poder osteoindutor e osteocondutor. O decanoato de nandrolona é um anabolizante análogo da testosterona utilizado para tratamento de fratura em mulheres com osteoporose. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de consolidação óssea em cães com uso do decanoato de nadrolona, osso esponjoso ou a associação dos dois em animais submetidos a cirurgia de avanço da tuberosidade tibial (TTA). Trinta e cinco joelhos com ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial e angulo plato tibial inferior a 27º, submetidos a cirurgia de avanço da tuberosidade tibial foram aleatoriamente separados em quatro grupos: C (controle), E (osso esponjoso), EA (osso esponjoso mais decanoato de nandrolona) e grupo CA (decanoato de nandrolona). A consolidação óssea foi confirmada por método visual (três observadores), sendo dois radiologistas e um ortopedista, que avaliaram radiografias seriadas dos membros operados com intervalos de 21 dias. As variáveis peso, idade, joelhos direito ou esquerdo e tempo de consolidação foram analisados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Utilizou-se o teste ANOVA para avaliar peso e idade, com as médias analisadas pelo teste de Tukey. Utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para avaliar as mediadas de joelhos direitos e esquerdo e tempo de consolidação óssea dos grupos estudados. Os grupos C e E não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas nos tempos de consolidação do defeito ósseo. Os tempos de consolidação dos defeitos ósseos dos grupos CA e EA foram menores que os dos grupos C e E. O grupo CA e EA não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas nos tempos de consolidação dos defeitos ósseos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o decanoato de nandrolona interferiu no processo de consolidação do defeito ósseo resultante da osteotomia para avanço da tuberosidade tibial em cães, reduzindo o tempo de consolidação; e que não houve interferência no tempo de consolidação pela presença de osso esponjoso no defeito da osteotomia associado ou não ao decanoato de nandrolona. Palavras-chave: Anabolizante. Cães. Enxerto. Ortopedia. Reparo ósseo.<br>Abstract: Recently new research are being conducted investigating ways to reduce bone healing time. Cancellous bone grafting is considered to be the gold standard method to speed healing due to its osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Nandrolone decanoate is an anabolic steroid and testosterone analog used for treating fractures in women with osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time taken for bone healing in dogs undergoing tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) surgery that were treated either with nandrolone decanoate or spongy use in animals. The animals were ramdomly divided into four groups: C (only TTA), E (cancellous bone graft), EA (cancellous bone graft and nandrolone decanoate) and CA group (only nandrolone decanoate). Bone healing was confirmed by visual inspection by three observers (two radiologists and an orthopedic surgeon), who evaluated serial radiographs at intervals of 21 days following surgery. The variables: weight, age, right or left stifles and healing time were analyzed using the Shapiro- Wilk test. The ANOVA test was used to evaluate weight and age, with the average analyzed by Tukey test. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to evaluate the medians obtained from the groups. All analysis set p <0.05. There was no difference in healing time between Groups C and E. Healing occurred more rapidly in animals from the CA and EA groups but there was no difference in time between these groups. Administration of nandrolone decanoate, reduces healing time but cancellous bone grafting in the osteotomy did not influence healing time. Keywords: Anabolic. Dog. Graft. Orthopedics. Bone repair.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA) holds a unique position within the Department of Defense (DoD) by being the only agency that runs a self- sustaining operation. As such, its operations run closely to that of the private sector, in particular the grocery industry. DeCA currently utilizes a standardized federal reporting format for its three principal statements, per Office of Management and Budget guidelines. The Statement of Cash Flows is the only statement of the three whose format is conducive to providing beneficial information to an external user (Congress, citizens, etc.). The Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Operations (and Changes in Net Position) formats, on the other hand, provide useful information to the Office of Management and Budget, but not to the external user. This thesis examines DeCA's financial statements, and discusses the shortcomings of the two statements' formats. It further proposes new formats which are more aligned with grocery industry formats, and conducts comparative analysis with two grocery firms and the grocery industry as a whole

La réduction des dimensions des transistors à effet de champ MOS a depuis quelques années ralenti à cause de l'émergence de facteurs parasites tels que la résistance d'accès. En effet, la miniaturisation du canal s'est accompagnée par une diminution de sa résistance tandis que celle des zones d'accès à la frontière avec le canal est restée constante ou a augmenté. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de mettre en place une méthodologie de caractérisation électrique prenant en compte cette composante parasite longtemps considérée négligeable dans le milieu industriel.Dans un premier chapitre, le fonctionnement de la technologie CMOS et la spécificité de son adaptation FD-SOI sont d'abord présentées. La deuxième moitié du chapitre est quant à elle consacrée à l'état de l'art de la caractérisation électrique et de leur position vis-à-vis de la résistance d'accès.Le second chapitre présente une nouvelle méthode d'extraction des composantes parasites résistives et capacitives à l'aide de transistors de longueurs proches. Les résultats obtenus sont ensuite comparés aux modèles existants. De ces derniers, un nouveau modèle plus physiquement pertinent est proposé en fin de chapitre.Le troisième chapitre expose une nouvelle méthode de caractérisation électrique basée sur la fonction Y qui permet une analyse du comportement d'un transistor sur l'ensemble de son régime de fonctionnement. Cette nouvelle méthode est ensuite combinée à celle développée dans le chapitre 2 pour assembler un protocole expérimentale permettant de corriger et d'analyser l'impact des résistances d'accès sur les courbes de courant et les paramètres électriques.Finalement, le dernier chapitre applique la méthodologie vue dans la chapitre précédent à l'étude du désappariement stochastique des transistors. Les résultats obtenus sont ensuite comparés aux méthodes en vigueur dans les domaines industriel et académique qui présentent chacune leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. La nouvelle méthode ainsi proposée tente de garder le meilleur de chacune de ces dernières<br>The reduction of the dimensions of field effect MOS transistors has slowed down during the last years due to the increasing importance of parasitic factors such as access resistance. As a matter of fact, channel miniaturisation was accompanied by a reduction of its intrinsic resistance while that of the access region at the frontier with the channnel stayed constant or increased. The goal of this thesis was to set a new electrical characterization method to take into account this parasitic component long considered negligible in by industrials.In the first chapter, CMOS technologies working and its FD-SOI adaptation specificities are presented. The second half of the chapter deals with the state of the art of electrical characterization and their hypothesis about access resistance.The second chapter present a new resistive and capacitive parasitic components extraction method using transistors of close channel length. The results are then compared to existing models from which, a new one more physically accurate is proposed.The third chapter expose a new electrical characterization method based on Y function allowing the analyze of transistor behavior on the whole working regime. This new method is then combined with the one developped in the previous chapter to build a new experimental protocol to correct and analyze the impact of access resistances on current curves and parameters.Finally, the last chapter apply this new methodology to the case of stochastic mismatch between transistors. The results are then compared to the methods used by industrials and academics, each of them having their own pros and cons. The new method proposed tries to keep the best of both previous one

Academic achievement has been the focal point in education for decades. In 2001, an Act of Congress was proposed to improve individual outcomes in education through evidenced based research using measurable goals, higher standards, and accountability. This federal legislation, known as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, mandates that all teachers be highly qualified by 2006 and that all students become proficient by the 2013/14 school year, specifically in the area of literacy. Consequently, kindergarten readiness has become an area of concern, thus placing preschool teachers under pressure to prepare children for school. The purpose of this study was to examine multiple factors that have been identified in the literature as impacting achievement in elementary and secondary education to ascertain their contribution toward literacy development in preschool children. Such factors included child (gender, race, home SES, attendance, behavior) and childcare site (teacher education, teacher experience, class size, site SES, class environment). Additionally, within-child protective factors were examined for their role in literacy development for children with and without challenging behaviors. To examine early literacy and behavior in preschool children, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was conducted with literacy skills (expressive language and phonemic awareness) assessed at four points in time though the Individual Development and Growth Indicators (IGDI). A significant relationship was found between expressive language skills and race, attendance, classroom environment and class size. Phonemic awareness was significantly related to gender, home SES, and teacher education. Within-child protective factors positively impacted phonemic awareness skills for children in the non-challenging behavior group only. An in-depth description of the findings and limitations are discussed within this document. Overall, this study suggests that many of the factors impacting achievement in elementary and secondary education also impact literacy development in preschool children. These findings support the use of early intervention and preventative services for this population as a means to promote kindergarten readiness and future achievement.

Metotreksat kao antagonista folne kiseline ima &scaron;iroku upotrebu za lečenje brojnih maligniteta, primenjen u visokim dozama i u&nbsp; kombinciji&nbsp; sa leukovorinom. Iako&nbsp; je&nbsp; terapija&nbsp; visokim&nbsp; dozama&nbsp; metotreksata drastično pobolj&scaron;ala&nbsp; prognozu pacijenata sa malignitetom, te&scaron;ki neželjeni efekti terapije predstavljaju stalan klinički problem. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su određivanje serumske koncentracije metotreksata i izračunavanje farmakokinetičkih&nbsp; parametara&nbsp; metotreksata kod dece obolele od malignih&nbsp; bolesti&nbsp; koja su na terapiji visokim dozama metotreksata (2&nbsp; g/m² i&nbsp; 5&nbsp; g/m² ); ispitivanje postojanja uticaja primenjene doze metotreksata, demografskih i kliničkih karakteristika ispitanika&nbsp; na koncentracije i farmakokinetičke parametare. Ispitivano je prisustvo i stepen kliničkih i laboratorijskih znakova toksičnosti metotreksata, kao i uticaj primenjene&nbsp; doze&nbsp; metotreksata&nbsp; i demografskih karakteristika ispitanika&nbsp; na pojavu i stepen toksičnosti . U okviru retrospektivno - prospektivne&nbsp; studije&nbsp; ukjučeno&nbsp; je&nbsp; četrdeset&nbsp; i dva pedijatrijska&nbsp; pacijenta&nbsp; uzrasta od&nbsp; 0,75 do 17,75 godina (medijana 5,75&nbsp; godina). Svi pacijenti&nbsp; su lečeni&nbsp; u&nbsp; Službi&nbsp; za&nbsp; hematologiju i&nbsp; onkologiju&nbsp; Instituta&nbsp; za&nbsp; zdravstvenu za&scaron;titu dece i omladine Vojvodine (Novi Sad, Srbija) u periodu od juna 2004. godine do juna 2012. godine. Trideset i osam ispitanika&nbsp; je lečeno pod dijagnozom akutne limfoblastne leukemije&nbsp; prema dva&nbsp; uzastopna&nbsp; protokola ALL IC - BFM 2002 i ALL IC - BFM 2009 Internacionalne&nbsp; BFM studijske&nbsp; grupe &bdquo;I - BFM - SG&ldquo;&nbsp; (International Berlin -Frankfurt - M&uuml;nster Study Group) za proučavanje i lečenje dečje non-B akutne limfoblastne leukemije. Četvoro je&nbsp; imalo&nbsp; dijagnozu non - Hodgkin limfoma&nbsp; i bili su uključen i u&nbsp; protokol NHL - BFM&nbsp; 95. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 113 ciklusa terapije metotreksatom (1&ndash; 4 ciklusa po pacijentu) sa 386 izmerenih serumskih koncentracija metotreksata. Raspon primenjenih doza metotreksata kretao se od 800 do 10.000 mg. Koncentracije metotreksata su merene 24, 36 i 42 sata nakon započinjanja infuzije metotreksata, a po potrebi i u dužim vremenskim intervalima. Za izračunavanje farmakokinetičkih parametara kori&scaron;ćen je dvokompartmanskih farmakokinetički&nbsp; model posle obustavljanja&nbsp; intravenske&nbsp; infuzije,&nbsp; gde&nbsp; postoje relacije&nbsp; za&nbsp; farmakokinetičke&nbsp; tačke. Podaci o kliničkim i laboratorijskim znacima toksičnosti metotreksata prikupljani su iz medicinske dokumentacije, a za stepenovanje toksičnosti kori&scaron;ćen je skor sistem - Common Terminology Criteria for&nbsp; Adverse&nbsp; Events (CTCAE), Version 4.0, U.S. Department&nbsp; of&nbsp; health&nbsp; and&nbsp; human services, National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute. U cilju utvrđivanju uticaja karakteristika ispitanika, primenjene doze i prisustva produžene eliminacije na posmatrane parametre, vr&scaron;eno je poređenje tri grupe&nbsp; pacijenata (doza 2 g/m² bez produžene eliminacije, 5 g/m² bez produžene liminacije i 5 g/m² sa produženom eliminacijom metotreksata). Za celokupnu grupu ispitanika,&nbsp; medijane&nbsp; koncentracije metotreksta&nbsp; bile&nbsp; su 25,82 &mu;mol/l u 24. satu, 0,68 &mu;mol/l u 36. satu i 0,24 &mu;mol/l u 42. satu merenja. Najizraženija interindividualna varijabilnost u koncentracijama metotreksata bila je u 42. satu merenja, dok je&nbsp; intraindividualna varijabilnost bila najizraženija u 36. satu merenja. Medijana&nbsp; klirensa&nbsp;&nbsp; metotreksata&nbsp;&nbsp; bila&nbsp; je 8,32&nbsp;&nbsp; l/h. Farmakokinetički parametri&nbsp; redom bili su:&nbsp; medijana&nbsp; volumena&nbsp; centralnog&nbsp; kompartmana V₁ 28,47&nbsp; l, medijane konstanti k₁₀ 0,206, k₁₂ 0,0245, k₂₁ 0,1114. Najizraženiji uticaj primenjene doze na koncentracije metotreksata pokazan je u 24.&nbsp; satu&nbsp; merenja, dok uticaj doze na klirens&nbsp; metotreksata nije&nbsp; pokazan. Prisustvo produžene eliminacije metotreksata dovodi do smanjenih vrednosti konstanta k₁₀ i k₂₁. Nije pokazana statistički značajna&nbsp; interakcija ispitivanih demografskih karakteristika (uzrast, telesna povr&scaron;ina i pol)&nbsp; i koncentracija metotreksata, kao ni klirensa metotreksata. Pokazana je značajna interakcija između koncentracija metotreksata i nivoa laktat dehidrogenaze, kao i klirensa metotreksata i nivoa kreatinina i laktat dehidrogenaze. Većina ispoljenih&nbsp; toksičnosti bila je umerenog stepena (&lt;3 stepena). Najzastupljeniji klinički znak toksičnosti bio je oralni mukozitis, koji je bio većeg stepena u grupi sa većom primenjenom dozom metotreksata&nbsp; (5g/m²). Najzastupljeniji&nbsp; laboratorijski toksični efekti&nbsp; metotreksata bili su leukopenija i anemija. Najteži stepeni laboratorijskih znakova toksičnosti (leukopenija, anemija, porast&nbsp; AST,&nbsp; ALT i GGT) nalazili su se u grupi sa većom dozom&nbsp; (5 g/m²) i&nbsp; sa produženom eliminacijom metotreksata. Osnov&nbsp; za&nbsp; kliničko&nbsp; vođenje&nbsp; pacijenata&nbsp; na&nbsp; terapiji visokim dozama metotreksata je terapijsko praćenje leka (therapeutic drug monitoring &ndash; TDM) zbog velikih&nbsp; interindividualnih i intraindividualnih&nbsp; varijabilnosti&nbsp; u&nbsp; farmakokinetici&nbsp; leka. Rutinsko praćenje koncentracija metotreksata važno je za identifikaciju pacijenata sa povećanim rizikom od razvoja toksičnosti ,&nbsp; te&nbsp; je TDM&nbsp; standardna&nbsp; praksa&nbsp; za smernice spasavanja leukovorinom, naročito za pacijente za koje se zna da imaju smanjen&nbsp;&nbsp; klirens metotreksata ili druge rizike povezane sa prolongiranim citotoksičnim koncentracijama (bubrežna ili jetrena o&scaron;tećenja, kolekcije tečnosti u &ldquo;trećem prostoru&rdquo;, gastrointestinalna opstrukcija). Veliki&nbsp; broj&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; kod pedijatrijskih pacijenata pokazao je vezu između sistemskog izlaganja metotreksatu i&nbsp; efikasnosti&nbsp; i&nbsp; toksiĉnosti&nbsp; metotreksata. Ipak, ne postoji dovoljno&nbsp; informacija o farmakokinetici metotreksata kod dece obolele od akutne limfoblastne leukemije. Takođe, ova istraživanja nisu do sada sprovođena kod dece koja su lečena u na&scaron;oj sredini.<br>Methotrexate&nbsp; is&nbsp; an&nbsp; antifolate&nbsp; drug&nbsp; widely&nbsp; used&nbsp; for&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; of&nbsp; various malignant&nbsp; tumours.&nbsp; It&nbsp; is&nbsp; used&nbsp; at&nbsp; high&nbsp; doses&nbsp; and&nbsp; in&nbsp; combination&nbsp; with leucovorin rescue.&nbsp; Although&nbsp; high - dose&nbsp; MTX&nbsp; therapy&nbsp; dramatically&nbsp; improves&nbsp; the&nbsp; prognosis&nbsp; of patients with malignancies, severe adverse events are constant clinical concern. The&nbsp; aims&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; stydy&nbsp; were&nbsp; to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; the&nbsp; serum&nbsp; concentration&nbsp; of&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp; and&nbsp; to&nbsp; calculate&nbsp; the&nbsp; pharmacokinetic&nbsp; parameters&nbsp; of&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp; in children&nbsp; suffering&nbsp; from&nbsp; malignant&nbsp; deseases&nbsp; who&nbsp; are&nbsp; treated&nbsp; with&nbsp; high&nbsp; doses&nbsp; of metotrexate&nbsp; (2&nbsp; g/m² i&nbsp; 5&nbsp; g/m² );&nbsp; furthermore,&nbsp; to&nbsp; investigate&nbsp; the&nbsp; effects&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; applied doses of methotrexate, and demographic and clinical characteristics of the examinees on&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; concentration&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; pharmacokinetic&nbsp;&nbsp; parameters&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; drug.&nbsp;&nbsp; The&nbsp;&nbsp; study investigated the&nbsp;&nbsp; presence&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; degree&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; clinical&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; laboratory&nbsp;&nbsp; signs&nbsp;&nbsp; of metotrexate&nbsp; toxicity,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; applied&nbsp; doses,&nbsp; and&nbsp; demographic characteristics of the examinees on the appearance and the degree of toxicity. The retrospective - prospective study included 42&nbsp; pediatric patients aged from 0.75&nbsp; to&nbsp; 17.75&nbsp; years&nbsp; (median&nbsp; 5.75&nbsp; years).&nbsp; All&nbsp; patients&nbsp; were&nbsp; threated&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; Children and Youth Health Care Institute of Vojvodina (Novi Sad, Serbia), Hemathology and Oncology&nbsp; Section,&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; period&nbsp; from&nbsp; June&nbsp; 20 04&nbsp; to&nbsp; June&nbsp; 2012.&nbsp; 38&nbsp; examinees diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated according to two subsequent protocols,&nbsp; ALL&nbsp; IC - BFM&nbsp; 2002&nbsp; and&nbsp; ALL&nbsp; IC - BFM&nbsp; 2009&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; International&nbsp; BFM study&nbsp; group &bdquo;I - BFM - SG&ldquo; (International Berlin - Frankfurt - M&uuml;nster&nbsp; Study&nbsp; Group)&nbsp; for management&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; childhood&nbsp;&nbsp; non - B&nbsp;&nbsp; acute&nbsp;&nbsp; lymphoblastic&nbsp;&nbsp; leukemia.&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp;&nbsp; examinees diagnosed&nbsp; as&nbsp; non - Hodgkin&nbsp; lymphoma&nbsp; were&nbsp; treated&nbsp; according&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; NHL - BFM&nbsp; 95 protocol. The study included 113 cycles of therapy with methotrexate (1-4 cycles per patient)&nbsp; with&nbsp; 3 86&nbsp; measured&nbsp; serum&nbsp; concentrations&nbsp; of&nbsp; methotrexate.&nbsp; The&nbsp; range&nbsp; of&nbsp; the applied doses was between 800 and 10,000 mg. The&nbsp; concentration&nbsp; of&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp; was&nbsp; measured&nbsp; 24,&nbsp; 36&nbsp; and&nbsp; 42&nbsp; hours&nbsp; after the initiation of the methotrexate infusion, as well as in longer time intervals when needed.&nbsp; To&nbsp; calculate&nbsp; the&nbsp; pharmacokinetic&nbsp; parameters,&nbsp; the&nbsp; study&nbsp; applied&nbsp; the&nbsp; two - compartment&nbsp; pharmacokinetic&nbsp; model&nbsp; after&nbsp; the&nbsp; termination&nbsp; of&nbsp; intravenous&nbsp; infusion, when&nbsp; relations&nbsp; for&nbsp; pharmacokinetic&nbsp; points&nbsp; existed.&nbsp; Data&nbsp; on&nbsp; clinical&nbsp; and&nbsp; laboratory signs of methotrexate toxicity were collected&nbsp; from medical documentation, and the Common&nbsp; Terminology&nbsp; Criteria&nbsp; for&nbsp; Adverse&nbsp; Events&nbsp; (CTCAE),&nbsp; Version&nbsp; 4.0,&nbsp; U.S. Department&nbsp; of&nbsp; health&nbsp; and&nbsp; human&nbsp; services,&nbsp; National&nbsp; Institute&nbsp; of&nbsp; Health,&nbsp; National Cancer&nbsp; Institute, was&nbsp; used&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; score&nbsp; system&nbsp; for&nbsp; toxicity&nbsp; ranking.&nbsp; In&nbsp; order&nbsp; to determine&nbsp; the&nbsp; effects&nbsp; of&nbsp; the examinees&rsquo;&nbsp; characteristics, applied&nbsp; doses&nbsp; and&nbsp; the presence&nbsp; of&nbsp; prolonged&nbsp; elimination on&nbsp; the&nbsp; parameters&nbsp; of&nbsp; interest,&nbsp; three&nbsp; groups&nbsp; of patients were&nbsp; compared (2 g/m² dose without prolonged elimination, 5 g/m² without prolonged elimination and 5 g/m² with prolonged elimination of methotrexate). In the&nbsp; entire&nbsp; group of&nbsp; examinees, the median&nbsp; concentration of methotrexate was&nbsp; 25.82 &mu;mol/l in the 24th hour, 0.68 &mu;mol/l in the 36th&nbsp; hour&nbsp; and 0.24 &mu;mol/l in the 42nd hour of&nbsp; observation. The largest inter - individual variability of methotrexate concentration&nbsp; was&nbsp; observed&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; 24th&nbsp; hour&nbsp; while&nbsp; the&nbsp; largest&nbsp; intra - individual variability&nbsp; was&nbsp; recorded&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; 36th&nbsp; hour&nbsp; of&nbsp; observation.&nbsp; The&nbsp; median&nbsp; clearance&nbsp; of methotrexate&nbsp; was&nbsp; 8.32l/h.&nbsp; Pharmacokinetic&nbsp; parameters&nbsp; were&nbsp; the&nbsp; following:&nbsp; median volume&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; central&nbsp; compartment V₁ 28.47&nbsp; l,&nbsp; median&nbsp; constants k₁₀ 0,206, k₁₂ 0,0245, k₂₁ 0,1114, respectively. The&nbsp;&nbsp; strongest&nbsp;&nbsp; influence&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; applied&nbsp;&nbsp; dose&nbsp;&nbsp; on&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; methotrexate concentration was recorded in the 24th hour of observation while no influence on the methotrexate&nbsp; clearance&nbsp; was&nbsp; found.&nbsp; The&nbsp; presence&nbsp; of&nbsp; prolonged&nbsp; elimination&nbsp; of methotrexate&nbsp;&nbsp; causes&nbsp;&nbsp; lower&nbsp; constants k₁₀ and&nbsp;&nbsp; k₂₁. There&nbsp;&nbsp; was&nbsp;&nbsp; no&nbsp;&nbsp; statistically significant&nbsp; interaction&nbsp; between&nbsp; the&nbsp; investigated&nbsp; demographic&nbsp; characteristics&nbsp; (age, body&nbsp; surface&nbsp; and&nbsp; gender)&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp; concentration,&nbsp; nor&nbsp; between&nbsp; the demographic&nbsp;&nbsp; characteristics&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp;&nbsp; clearance.&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;&nbsp; significant interaction was found between methotrexate concentration and lactat dehydrogenase level, as&nbsp;&nbsp; well&nbsp;&nbsp; as&nbsp;&nbsp; between&nbsp;&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp;&nbsp; clearance&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; creatinine&nbsp;&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; lactate dehydrogenase level, respectively. Most of the observed toxicities were of moderate degree (&lt; 3 degrees). Oral mucositis&nbsp; was&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; represented&nbsp; clinical&nbsp; sign&nbsp; of&nbsp; toxicity,&nbsp; and&nbsp; it&nbsp; was&nbsp; of&nbsp; higher degree&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; group&nbsp; where&nbsp; the&nbsp; applied&nbsp; dose&nbsp; of&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp; was&nbsp; higher&nbsp; (5&nbsp; g/m² ). Leucopenia&nbsp; and&nbsp; anemia&nbsp; were&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; represented&nbsp; laboratory&nbsp; toxic&nbsp; effects.&nbsp; The most severe laboratory signs of toxicity&nbsp; (leucopenia, anemia, increase in AST, ALT and&nbsp; GGT&nbsp; activity)&nbsp; were&nbsp; observed&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; group&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; higher&nbsp; dose&nbsp; (5&nbsp; g/m² )&nbsp; and prolonged methotrexate elimination. Due to high inter- and&nbsp;&nbsp; intra-individual&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; variability&nbsp; of&nbsp; the drug pharmacokinetics,&nbsp; the&nbsp; basis&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; clinical&nbsp; care&nbsp; of&nbsp; patients&nbsp; on&nbsp; high&nbsp; methotrexate dosage&nbsp; therapy&nbsp; is&nbsp; therapeutic&nbsp; drug&nbsp; monitoring &ndash; TDM.&nbsp; Routine&nbsp; monitoring&nbsp; of methotrexate serum concentration is important for the identification of patients with a high&nbsp; risk&nbsp; of&nbsp; toxicity,&nbsp; and&nbsp; thus&nbsp; TDM&nbsp; is&nbsp; used&nbsp; as&nbsp; a&nbsp; standard&nbsp; procedure&nbsp; which&nbsp; provides guidelines&nbsp; for&nbsp; leucovorin&nbsp; rescue,&nbsp; particularly&nbsp; for&nbsp; patients&nbsp; with&nbsp; a&nbsp; lower&nbsp; methotrexate clearance or other risks associated with prolonged cytotoxic concent rations (kidney or liver&nbsp; damage,&nbsp; body&nbsp; fluid&nbsp; accumulation&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; &ldquo;third&nbsp; space&rdquo;,&nbsp; gastrointestinal obstruction). Numerous studies involving pediatric patients have documented the link between&nbsp; a&nbsp; systemic&nbsp; methotrexate&nbsp; exposure&nbsp; on&nbsp; one&nbsp; hand,&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; efficiency&nbsp; and toxicity of&nbsp; ethotrexate on the other hand. However, there is no sufficient data on the methotrexate&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pharmacokinetics&nbsp;&nbsp; in&nbsp;&nbsp; children&nbsp;&nbsp; suffering&nbsp;&nbsp; from&nbsp;&nbsp; acute&nbsp;&nbsp; lymphoblastic leukemia.&nbsp;&nbsp; Moreover,&nbsp;&nbsp; this&nbsp;&nbsp; type&nbsp;&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; research,&nbsp;&nbsp; involving&nbsp;&nbsp; children&nbsp;&nbsp; treated&nbsp;&nbsp; in&nbsp;&nbsp; the geographical region of this study, have not been conducted.

Orientador: Decio Teixeira<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T20:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cerveny_GislaineC.O_M.pdf: 1812244 bytes, checksum: 9f52a332decfb563147959bee6edfa5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993<br>Resumo: o presente trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de verificar as eventuais alterações, no crescimento e desenvolvimento crânio-visceral, em filhotes ratos machos, oriundos de mães tratadas com Deca Durabolin em diferentes doses no início da gestação, e observar possíveis efeitos iatrogênicos nas mães. Foram utilizados 120 ratos machos (Rattus. norvegicus. albinus, Wistar), divididos em três grupos. de acordo com o tratamento administrado na mãe. Çrupo Controle: formado por 40 filhotes cujas mães receberam dose única de soro fisiológico Lm., assim que constatada a gravidez ( no 60 dia, após 5 dias de esfregaço vaginal com permanência na fase metaestro do ciclo estral). Grupo Dose Terapêutica: formado por 40 filhotes em cujas mães foi administrada dose única de Deca Durabolin Lm., na concentração de 0,71 mg/kg de peso corporal, logo após a constatação da gravidez, à semelhança do grupo anterior. Grupo Dose Excessiva: formado por 40.filhotes machos cujas mães receberam dose única de Deca Durabolin, também no 60 dia de gravidez, na concentração de 28,4 mglkg de peso corporal. As ninhadas foram padronizadas em número de 8. Os filhotes foram alimentados com leite materno, com ração balanceada padrão e água "ad libitum". Os animais foram redistribuídos em 4 sub-grupos de 10 e sacrificados respectivamente aos 10, 15, 45 e 90 dias de idade. Após a dissecção dos crânios, foram realizadas medidas do comprimento total, altura, largura, comprimento da base e comprimento da face. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância e aplicado o teste de T ukey para comparação das médias duas a duas. A análise dos dados evidenciou que o Deca Durabolin teve efeito no crescimento do crânio de filhotes sacrificados aos 10 dias de idade, quando administrado na rata no início da gestação. Aos 15 e 45 dias, a diferença em relação ao grupo controle pratkê1rnente não existiu, provavelmente mascarada pela secreção de testosterona que ocorre neste período. Aos 90 dias foi significativa a diferença dos grupos tratados em relação ao grupo controle o que sugere que o Deca Durabolin, em dose excessiva, teve efeito no fechamento prematuro epifisiário ósseo, quando comparado ao grupo dose terapêutica. Constatou-se o efeito abortivo do Deca Durabolin quando administrado na gestação pelo alto índice observado: 39% no grupo dose terapêutica e 53% no grupo dose excessiva<br>Abstract: The present work was performed aiming at checking eventual alterations during cranium-visceral grouth and development in male mice youngs born from females treated with Deca Durabolin in different doses during the beginning of pregnancy, as well as detecting possible iatrogenic effeCtS on females. 120 male mice were tested (Rattus, norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), divided into three groups, according to the treatmeot administered to the female. Control group: comprised of 40 youngs which mothers received only one dose of Lm. physiological serum as soon as pregnancy was evidenced (in the 6th day of pregnancy, after 5 days of vaginal smear with permanence of metestrus phase of the estrus cycle). Therapeutical dose group: comprised of 40 youngs which mothers it was administered only dose of Lm. Deca Durabolin in the concentration of 0,71 mg/kg of body weight, as soon as pregnancy was evidenced, in the likeness of the previous group. Overdose group: comprised of 40 male.youngs which mothers it was administered only one dose of Deca Durabolin also in the 6th day of pregnancy, in the concentration of28,4mglkg ofb'odyweight. The nides were standardized in number of8. The youngs were fed with mother's milk, standard balanced food and water "ad libitum". The animais were redistributed in 4 sub-groups of 10 and sacrified at the age of 10, 15,45 and 90 days, respectively. After dissection of the craniums, the totallength, height, width, basis length and face length were measured, beyond they were heavy individually. The results obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and the T ukey test was applied for. comparison of averages two by two. The data analysis proved the Deca Durabolin had effect on the cranium gr;outh of the 10 day old sacrified youngs when administered to the female mouse in the beginning of pregnancy. At the 15th and 45th day of life, the difference in comparison with the control group practically does not exist, probably hiden by the secretion of testosterone which occurs in that period. At the 90th day of life, the difference of the treated groups comparing to the control group was significant that suggests that the Deca Durabolin in overdose had effect on the premature closure of epiphysis when compared to the therapeutical group. Abortive effect of the Deca Durabolin was noted when administered during gestation due to the high levei presented: 39% in the therapeutical dose group and 53% in the overdose grou<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiologia e Biofisica do Sistema Estomatognatico<br>Mestre em Ciências

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2010<br>Inclui bibliografias<br>Introdução: Os esteróides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAA) são derivados sintéticos da testosterona, inicialmente utilizados com fins terapêuticos, contudo, seu uso indevido vem crescendo entre os adolescentes. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos dos anaboliz<br>Introduction: Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that were first used for therapeutic purposes; however, their misuse is growing among adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the anab

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T00:14:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Os estádios de desenvolvimento do télico e do petasma de Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) paulensis Pérez Farfante, 1967 foram utilizados para confirmar a ocorrência de mudas críticas associadas às descontinuidades já descritas em distribuições de crescimerto relativo entre comprimento da carapaça e dimensões de segmentos abdominais. As dimensões utilizadas foram o comprimento da carapaça (CC), comprimento do abdome (CA), comprimento do abdome por soma dos comprimentos dos segmentos abdominais (CAS), comprimento dos segmentos abdominais (LC) e altura dos segmentos abdominais (H). Os dados relativos a cada dimensão e de cada estádio de desenvolvimento da genitália externa foram plotados aos pares (CC x CA, CC x CAS, CC x LC1 a LC6, CC x H1 a H6) para inspeção gráfica e calculadas as constantes da equação alométrica (Y=aXb) pelo método dos mínimos quadrados. A muda crítica ocorre quando o télico passa do estádio B2 para o Cl. Examinou-se ainda a possibilidade de encontrar relações simultaneamente isométricas entre as relações LC x CAS, CC x CAS e CC x LC. Estas foram as que relacionaram o comprimento de 5° segmento abdominal (LC5) ao CC e CAS para as fêmeas e o comprimento do 3° segmento (LC3) para os machos com CC superior a 12,2mm. Isto permite recomendar que a escolha de reprodutores recaia em fêmeas com a proporção LC5/CC maior ou igual a 0,28 e nos machos com CC maior que 12,2mm entre aqueles que apresentaram a proporção LC3/CC maior ou igual a 0,34, sempre que se deseje selecionar animais com o comprimento de abdome de valor maior ou igual ao esperado de acordo com a isometria determinada pela relação CCxCAS.

Il presente studio consiste in una proposta di edizione critica provvisoria dei Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio di Niccolò Machiavelli. Si struttura in due sezioni principali: l’Introduzione, dove vengono esposte le ragioni dell’edizione e il testo dei Discorsi suddiviso in tre libri. Il necessario punto di partenza dell’Introduzione è costituito dalla presentazione dei testimoni superstiti sia integrali che frammentari (Cap. I), nonché dalla rassegna delle scelte editoriali compiute dai precedenti studiosi, tra cui si ricordano in particolare Mazzoni, Inglese, Rinaldi e Bausi (Cap. II). Il riesame delle varianti principali del Cap. III, oltre a basarsi su criteri neo-lachmanniani, tiene in considerazione anche i risultati della cosiddetta filologia dei testi a stampa. La suddivisione delle varianti per forme tipografiche, ispirata agli insegnamenti di Conor Fahy, consente di individuare una situazione testuale fluida, non esente da fenomeni perturbatori tali da alterare i rapporti intercorrenti tra i testimoni lungo il testo. Viene dunque proposta una nuova ricostruzione stemmatica valida per i tre testimoni integrali, la quale è seguita, al Cap. IV, dallo studio dei testimoni frammentari e del loro rapporto con la tradizione organica. La nuova proposta stemmatica invita dunque a riconsiderare il testimone di superficie dell’edizione critica provvisoria (Cap. V). Seguono alcuni capitoli dedicati a questioni di più ampio respiro. Nel Cap. VI vengono raccolti e analizzati alcuni dati volti a meglio inquadrare l’apparentemente inestricabile questione legata al testo liviano usato da Machiavelli, mentre il Cap. VII è dedicato al riesame di alcune problematiche relate alla composizione e prima diffusione del testo, con una particolare attenzione per la doppia redazione del proemio del primo libro. A conclusione dell’Introduzione, infine, vengono discussi i criteri di edizione. La seconda sezione è costituita dall’edizione provvisoria dei Discorsi. Il testo critico è corredato da una doppia fascia di apparato: nella prima si presenta la varia lectio, nella seconda si discutono questioni di varia natura, con una particolare attenzione per le varianti più rilevanti a livello ecdotico.<br>This study consists of a proposal for a provisional critical edition of Niccolò Machiavelli’s Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. It is structured in two main sections: the Introduction, where the reasons for the edition are stated, and the text of the Discorsi divided into three books. The necessary starting point of the Introduction is the presentation of the surviving witnesses, both complete and fragmentary (Chap. I), as well as the review of the editorial choices made by previous scholars, among which we mention in particular Mazzoni, Inglese, Rinaldi and Bausi (Chap. II). The review of the main variants in Chap. III is not only based on neo-Lachmannian criteria, but also takes into account the results of the so-called philology of printed texts. The subdivision of the variants by typographical formes, inspired by the teachings of Conor Fahy, makes it possible to identify a fluid textual situation, not free from perturbatory phenomena that alter the relationships between the witnesses throughout the text. A new stemmatic reconstruction is proposed for the three integral witnesses, which is followed, in Chapter IV, by a study of the fragmentary witnesses and their relationship with the organic tradition. The new stemmatic proposal invites us to reconsider the copy-text of the provisional critical edition (Chap. V). This is followed by a few chapters devoted to broader issues. Chapter VI collects and analyses some data aimed at better framing the apparently insoluble question of the Livian text used by Machiavelli, while Chapter VII is dedicated to the re-examination of some problems linked to the composition and first dissemination of the text, with particular attention to the double editing of the proem to the first book. Lastly, the Introduction concludes with a discussion of the criteria of edition. The second section consists of the provisional edition of the Discorsi. The critical text is accompanied by a double band of apparatus: in the first one the varia lectio is presented, in the second one issues of various nature are discussed, with a particular attention to the most relevant variants.

Fizička aktivnost u velikoj meri može pozitivno uticati na zdravstveni status i psihosocijalno stanje, pa je glavni cilj istraživanja bio usmeren na analizu fizičke aktivnosti pred&scaron;kolske dece. Teorijski deo rada obuhvata sve &scaron;to je bitno za razumevanje postavljene teme, dok je empirijski deo podeljen na četiri dela. U prvom delu su izloženi rezultati dobijeni anketom i dnevnikom aktivnosti koje su popunjavali roditelji, a analizirana je dečja aktivnost radnim danima i vikendom. Drugi deo se odnosi na obim kretne aktivnosti dece tokom boravka u vrtiću, gde je statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno kakav je obim kretne aktivnosti dečaka i devojčica i od čega zavisi. U okviru plana i programa koji se sprovodi u pred&scaron;kolskoj ustanovi, predviđeno je da se upražnjavaju usmerene aktivnosti s motoričkim sadržajem, &scaron;to je analizirano u trećem i četvrtom delu (trajanje, struktura i sadržaj aktivnosti, kao i motorička&nbsp; angažovanost dece na aktivnostima).<br>Physical activity can have a positive impact on the health status and psychosocial condition; therefore the main aim of this research was focused on the analysis of physical activities of preschool children. The theoretical part of the study includes all important matters essential for understanding the subject, while the empirical part is divided into four sections. The first section presents the results obtained from a questionnaire and a diary of activities completed by parents, and it analyzes the children&#39;s activity on weekdays and weekends. The second section relates to the extent of motor activity of children during their stay in the kindergarten. The statistical analysis in this section shows the scope of motor activity of boys and girls and what it depends on. According to the plan implemented in preschool institution, it is expected to have directed activities with motor content. This part is analyzed in the third and fourth section (duration, structure and content of activities as well as motorinvolvement of children in activities).

UVOD: Blastocistis hominis (Bh) je najrasprostranjeniji protist na na&scaron;oj planeti, ali pri tome najkontraverzniji. Infekcija Bh počinje ingestijom hrane ili tečnosti koja je kontaminirana cističnom formom Bh. Nakon gutanja, iz ciste se razvijaju u debelom crevu čoveka vakuolarne forme protista. Fekalno - oralni prenos je najče&scaron;ći put &scaron;irenja infekcije. Oboljenje koje Bh izaziva kod ljudi naziva se blastocistoza. Najče&scaron;će inficirani imaju gastrointestinalne tegobe, pre svega bol u trbuhu i proliv. Blastocistoza se danas povezuje sa dva klinička entiteta koji predstavljaju poremećaj rada creva, odnosno sindromom iritabilnog creva i hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva (HIBC). CILJ RADA I HIPOTEZE: Predmet istraživanja je da se utvrdi povezanost prisustva infekcije Blastocistis hominisom i postojanja zapaljenja sluzokože debelog creva (kolitisa) kod dece sa gastrointestinalnim tegobama, zatim da se utvrdi udeo dece sa posebnom formom kolitisa, hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva, među inficiranim Blastocistis hominisom, a da bi se omogućilo bolje razumevanje blastocistoze kod dece. Osnovne hipoteze u istraživanju su statistički značajno veća učestalost pojave kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece uzrasta od 1 meseca do 18 godina, hospitalizovane zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva koji su inficirani Blastocistis hominisom, kao i statistički značajno veća učestalost kolitisa u odnosu na hroničnu inflamatornu bolest creva u istom uzorku. MATERIJAL I METODE: Prospektivnim ispitivanjem su obuhvaćeni pedijatrijski bolesnici, hospitalizovani na Odeljenju za gastroenterologiju, hepatologiju i ishranu, Instituta za zdravstvenu za&scaron;titu dece i omladine Vojvodine, zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva, iz čije stolice je dokazan Blastocistis hominis. U toku ispitivanja primenjene su standardne metode uzimanja anamneza od bolesnika, fizički pregledi, odgovarajuće standardne laboratorijske analize krvi i stolice, ultrazvučni pregled abdomena, kolonoskopija i patohistolo&scaron;ki pregled biopsija debelog creva. Svi bolesnici su lečeni metronidazolom u trajanju 10 dana, prema važećim terapijskim protokolima. REZULTATI: Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 102 bolesnika, koji su an osnovu patohistolo&scaron;kog nalaza podeljeni u tri grupe: 1. Grupa (bolesnici koji nemaju kolitis, obuhvatila je 4 bolesnika (4.4%)), 2. Grupa &ndash; (bolesnici koji imaju nespecifični kolitis, obuhvatila je 56 bolesnika (56.55%)) i 3. Grupa &ndash;(bolesnici koji imaju hroničnu inflamatornu bolest, obuhvatila je 42 bolesnika (42.41%)). Među ispitanicima je bio podjednak broj dece mu&scaron;kog i ženskog pola, odnosno 51 dečak i 51 devojčica. Uzrast ispitanika koji imaju infekciju Blastocistisom hominisom se kretao u interval od 11 meseci do 17 godina i 7 meseci. Medijana je iznosila 12.54 godine, a prosečna starost 11.25 godine. Blastocistoza nema sezonski karakter (&chi;2=0.667; df=3; p=0,881). Značajno vi&scaron;e inficiranih Blastocistis hominisom živelo u kući, nego u stanu i posedovalo domaće životinje i/ili kućne ljubimce, ali ne postojanje odgovarajućih higijenskih uslova, kanalizacije i vodovoda nije prediktivni faktor za razvoj infekcije Blastocistis hominisom, kao ni pohađanje kolektiva ili život u ruralnom sredinama. Stariji uzrast deteta (p=0,020) i život u kući (p = 0,033) su prediktivni faktori za pojavu hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece sa kolitisom. Deca sa blastocistozom su imala antropometrijske parametre u granicama normale.Ispitanici najče&scaron;će bili primljeni u bolnicu pod djagnozom gastroenterokolitisa, zbog proliva i bola u trbuhu, a da prisustvo gastrointestinalnih tegoba i prisustvo op&scaron;tih znakova infekcije nisu jedan od sigurnih kliničkih značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom. Prisustvo patolo&scaron;kih primesa u stolici nije jedan od sigurnih klinički značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom.Na osnovu laboratorijskog, kliničkog i endoskopskog skora za aktivnost HIBC većina bolesnika je imala umerenu aktivnost.Inficirani sa Bh imaju najče&scaron;će C-reaktivni protein u okvirima refentnih vrednosti, izuzev ukoliko nemaju i HIBC. Povi&scaron;ena sedimentacija eritrocita je karakteristična za bolesnike sa HIBC. Oboleli od blastocistoze imaju najčesce imunoglobulin A, leukocite, neutrofile i eozinofile u krvi u referentnim granicama.Vrednosti feremije upućuju da je većina ispitanika bila anemična, a naročito deca koja su imala i infekciju sa Bh i HIBC. Kod bolesnika sa blastocistozom, postojanje pozitivnog testa na okultnu krv u stolici, treba da pobudi sumnju na udruženu HIBC. Ispitanici sa infekcijom Bh i sa HIBC su imali najče&scaron;će kvantitativno veći broj Bh u stolici. Mezenterajalni limfadenitis i splenomegalija su nespecifični ultrazvučni nalaz kod inficiranih sa Bh, iako su bili najče&scaron;će opisane patolo&scaron;ke promene na ultrazvuku abdomena. Zaključujemo da su ispitanici najče&scaron;će imali nespecifične endoskopske promene i patohistolo&scaron;ke promene u debelom crevu. Metronidazol je bezbedan i efikasan, u dozi 15-50 mg/kg/dan, u trajanju od 10 dana, u terapiji infekcije sa Bh kod dece. ZAKLJUČAK: Deca inficirana sa Bh imaju najče&scaron;će colitis od patolo&scaron;kih promena na debelom crevu, bez značajne razlike između nespecifičnog kolitisa i HIBC. Značajno manje inficiranih sa Bh ima uredan kolonoskopski nalaz.Utvrđivanja značaja Blastocistis hominisa u nastanku kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece, doprinosi prihvatanju Blastocistisa hominisa kao patogena i ukazuje na nephodnost njegovog lečenja.<br>INTRODUCTION: Blastocystis hominis (Bh) is the most outspread protist on our planet, but also the most controversial. Infection Bh starts by digestion of the eaten food or liquid which has been contained by a cyst form Bh. After swallowing, from the cyst they grow (progress) in the colon of the human, with a vacuolar form of a protest. Oral transmission is the most common way of spreading the infection. The disease caused by Bh on humans is called blastocystisis. In most cases the infected humans have gastrointestinal complaints, the most common are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Blastocystis is nowadays connected to two clinical disease, the irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). THE AIM AND HYPOTHESESS: The subject of research is to establish the connection between the presence of the infection Bh and the existence of mucosal inflammation of the colon in children with gastrointestinal complaints, as well as to establish the group of the children with a special form of colitis, inflammatory bowel disease and the ones infected by Bh, wich would insure better understanding of the blastocystosis in children. The basic hypothesis in the study were statistically significantly higher incidence of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children aged 1 month to 18 years, hospitalized for abdominal pain and/or diarrhea who are infected Bh, as well as significantly higher incidence of colitis compared in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in the same sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included pediatric patients with abdominal pain and/or diarrhea, and stool positive on Bh, that have been hospitalized on the Department for gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition, in the Institution for Health Care of Children and Youth in Vojvodina. The standard testing methods were used: anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory analysis of blood and stool, ultrasound examination of the abdomen, colonoscopy and histopathological examination of the biopsy of the colon. All patients have been treated with metronidazole for 10 days, according to the applicable protocols. RESULTS: The study included 102 patients, which are divided into three groups : 1. group (patients that have no colitis, included 4 patients (4.4%)), 2. group (patients with unspecified colitis, included 56 patients (56.55%)) and 3. group (patients with inflammatory bowel disease, included 42 patients (42.41%)). Among them, there was an equal number of children that were male and female, 51 boys and 51 girls. Age of respondents who have Bh infection ranged from 11 months to 17 years and 7 months. The median is 12.54 years, and the average age of 11.25 years. Blastocistosis no have seasonal character (&chi;2 = 0.667, df = 3, p = 0.881). Significantly more infected Blastocistis hominid lived in the house, but in an apartment owned and domestic animals and / or pets,yet the existence of appropriate hygiene, sanitation and water supply is not a predictive factor for the development of infection Bh, as well as attending the collective or life in rural areas . The older child&#39;s age (p = 0.020) and life at home (p = 0.033) were predictive factors for development of inflammatory bowel disease in children with colitis. Children with blastocistosis had anthropometric parameters within normal limits. Respondents most frequently been admitted to hospital under diagnosis gastroenteritis due to diarrhea and abdominal pain, and that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and general signs of infection are not a significant clinical signs of infection Bh. The presence of pathological findings in stool is not one of reliable signs of clinically infection Bh. Based on laboratory findings, clinical and endoscopic activity score for IBD most patients had moderate activity of desease. Children with Bh infection usually have normal C-reactive protein in terms of value, unless if have IBD. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is characteristic of patients with IBD. Children with blastocistosis usually have normal level of Immunoglobulin A, leukocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. Serum iron indicate that most subject were anemic, especially children who have had an infection with the Bh and IBD.Children with blastocistosis, the existence of a positive test for occult blood in the stool, should arouse suspicion of association IBD. Subject with IBD had mostly quantitatively greater number of Bh in the stool. Mesenterial lymphadenitis and splenomegaly are non-specific ultrasound findings in infected with Bh, although they were usually described pathological changes in abdominal ultrasound. This is to conclude that the subject usually had colitis and IBD changes in endoscopic and histopathological changes in the colon. Metronidazole has beem proved safe and effective, at 15-50 mg/ kg/day for 10 days in the treatment of infections in children with Bh. CONCLUSION: Children infected with Bh colitis usually have pathological changes in the large intestine, with no significant difference between the non-specific colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Significantly less infected with Bh has a normal colonoscopy findings. Confirmed the importance of Bh in the development of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children, increase public acceptance Blastocistisa hominis as pathogens and points to the necessity of treatment.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-19T12:01:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mônica Andrigo Moreira de Ulhoa Coelho.pdf: 2869552 bytes, checksum: e62b5c2bb3ae86f54aac6a298dd0f093 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T12:01:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mônica Andrigo Moreira de Ulhoa Coelho.pdf: 2869552 bytes, checksum: e62b5c2bb3ae86f54aac6a298dd0f093 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29<br>Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP<br>The subject of this master´s dissertation is related to early childhood and resilience in infants (four weeks to 18 months old) and toddlers (18 to 36 months old). The study aimed at translating into Portuguese and transculturally adapting the early childhood assessment for infants and toddlers named ―Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Infants and Toddlers‖ (DECA I/T), developed by Gregg Powell, Mary Mackrain and Paul LeBuffe, owned by The Devereux Foundation, edited and published by Kaplan Early Learning Corporation in 2007. DECA I/T assessment measures the social and emotional protective factors (attachment/relationship, initiative and self-regulation) to evaluate and indicate the strength of such factors in infants and toddlers. For the translation and transcultural adaptation of the assessment, the guidelines of Hambleton and Patsula (1998) and Souza and Rojjanasrirat (2010) were generally used. The procedure consisted of the following steps: (a) translation of the original instrument in English into Portuguese by two Brazilian, bilingual, independent translators, being one of them a sworn-translator, both of them familiarized with the Brazilian and American cultures, and without knowledge in Psychology; (b) comparison and consolidation of both translated versions by the researcher, who acted as a third translator, and review of the synthetized version; (c) back-translation of the consolidated version in Portuguese into English by another American, bilingual, independent translator, fluent in Portuguese, familiarized with the Brazilian and American cultures and not working in the Psychology area, followed by review and approval of the final version of the assessment in Portuguese by an Expert Committee; (d) application of the Portuguese final version in a pilot project. The translated DECA I was applied to and responded by 13 evaluators (six mothers, one grandmother, one father and five nursery caregivers of infants). A total of 12 infants were evaluated (one of them was evaluated by the father and the nursery caregiver). The translated DECA T was applied to and responded by 13 evaluators (six mothers, one grandmother, two room assistants, two educators e two teachers of toddlers). A total of 19 toddlers were evaluated (two room assistants evaluated two toddlers each, two educators evaluated three toddlers each, and two teachers evaluated three toddlers each). After application of the pilot project, the translation into Portuguese of DECA I/T was considered culturally adapted and apt for future validation<br>O tema da dissertação de mestrado é ligado à primeira infância e à resiliência em bebês (de quatro semanas a 18 meses de idade) e crianças (de 18 a 36 meses de idade). O objetivo do trabalho foi traduzir para o português e realizar a adaptação transcultural da escala de avaliação da primeira infância para bebês e crianças denominada Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Infants and Toddlers (DECA I/T), criada e desenvolvida por Gregg Powell, Mary Mackrain e Paul LeBuffe, detida pela The Devereux Foundation, editada e publicada por Kaplan Early Learning Corporation em 2007. A escala DECA I/T mede os fatores de proteção sociais e emocionais (apego/relacionamento, iniciativa e autorregulação) para avaliar e indicar a força desses fatores em bebês e crianças. Para realização da tradução e adaptação transcultural foram utilizadas, em linhas gerais, as diretrizes e orientações de Hambleton e Patsula (1998) e Souza e Rojjanasrirat (2010). O procedimento consistiu das seguintes etapas: (a) tradução do instrumento original em inglês para o português por duas tradutoras brasileiras independentes e bilíngues, sendo uma delas juramentada, ambas familiarizadas com a cultura brasileira e americana e sem conhecimento em psicologia; (b) comparação e unificação das duas versões traduzidas pela pesquisadora, que atuou como terceira tradutora, e revisão da versão unificada; (c) retrotradução da versão unificada para o inglês por outro tradutor independente bilíngue, estadunidense, fluente em português, familiarizado com a cultura brasileira e a americana e não atuante na área de psicologia, seguida de revisão e aprovação da versão final da escala em português por Comitê de Especialistas; (d) aplicação da versão final em português em um projeto piloto. A DECA I traduzida foi aplicada e respondida por 13 avaliadores (seis mães, uma avó, um pai e cinco berçaristas de bebês). No total foram avaliados 12 bebês, sendo um deles avaliado pelo pai e pela berçarista. A DECA T foi aplicada e respondida por 13 avaliadores (seis mães, uma avó, duas assistentes de sala, duas educadoras e duas professoras de crianças). No total foram avaliadas 19 crianças, pois duas assistentes de sala avaliaram duas crianças cada, duas educadoras avaliaram, cada uma, três crianças, e duas professoras avaliaram, cada uma, três crianças. Após a aplicação do projeto piloto, a tradução para o português da DECA I/T foi considerada culturalmente adaptada e apta para futura validação

Uvod:Apendicitis je oboljenje, koje se najče&scaron;će javlja u dečjem uzrastu. Poslednjih godina se laparoskopska apendektomija sprovodi sve če&scaron;će u ovom uzrastu, međutim ne postoji jasan konsenzus o optimalnom izboru anestetika za održavanje op&scaron;te anestezije u toku ove hirur&scaron;ke metode u dečjem uzrastu. Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi uticaj vrste anestezije i vrste hirur&scaron;ke procedure na odgovor organizma na hirur&scaron;ki stres tokom operacije crvuljka. Metodologija: Klinički prospektivno istraživanje je sprovedeno na Klinici za dečiju hirurgiju, na Institutu za zdravstvenu za&scaron;titu dece i omladine Vojvodine. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 120 dece, uzrasta od 7 do 17 godina, bez postojećih komorbiditeta, koji su operisani zbog zapaljenja crvuljka. U zavisnosti od vrste operativnog zahvata i vrste primenjene anestezije deca su podeljena u četiri grupe bolesnika. Kod sve četiri ispitivane grupe uzimana je venska i kapilarna krv, nekoliko minuta nakon uvoda u anesteziju, u momentu vađenja crvuljka iz trbuha i 12 časova nakon kraja hirur&scaron;ke intervencije. Laboratorijski su određeni markeri oksidativnog stresa (TBARS), metaboličkog odgovora na hirur&scaron;ki stres (laktat, glikemija), inflamatornog odgovora organizma (IL-6, leukociti), gasne analize, parametri oksigenacije i ventilacije, i hemodinamski parametri ispitanika. Rezultati:U istraživanju je dobijen rezultat da je zapaljenje crvuljka oboljenje koje se če&scaron;će javlja kod dečaka. Tokom apendektomije u dečjem uzrastu, sevofluran je bolje kontrolisao arterijsku tenziju, dok na srčanu frekvencu vrsta anestezije nije imala uticaja. Sevofluran je anestetik tokom čije primene je manji inflamatorni odgovor tokom laparoskospske apendektomije. Propofol deluje suprimirajuće na oksidativni stres, ali nije nađena statistička značajnost u odnosu na vrednosti dobijene analizom uticaja sevoflurana na parametre oksidativnog stresa. Zaključak: Laparoskopska apendektomija u odnosu na laparotomiju nije praćena većim stepenom hirur&scaron;kog stresa, a sevofluran je anestetik koji tokom anestezije za laparoskopsku apendektomiju u dečijem uzrastu daje bolju kontrolu kliničkog, metaboličkog i inflamatornog odgovora.<br>Introduction: Appendicitis is a disease which appears most commonly in children. In recent years appendectomy in children is performed by laparoscopy, but there is no consensus yet on the optimal choice of anesthetics during general anesthesia for this procedure. Aim: To determine the influence of type of anesthesia and type of surgical procedure for appendectomy, on surgical stress in children. Methodology: A prospective clinical trial in Clinic of pediatric surgery in Novi Sad, Vojvodina. The study included 120 children aged from 7 to 17 years, with no commorbidities, who underwent appendectomy. Children were divided in four groups based on the type of anesthesia and type of surgery they received. In all participants, venous and capillary blood was sampled for analyzis 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia, at the moment of appendix removal and 12 hours after the procedure. The laboratory analysis included markers of oxidative stress (TBARS), metabolic response to surgical stress (lactate, blood glucose), inflammatory response (IL-6, leucocites), bloodgas analyses, parameters of oxygentation and ventilation and haemodynamic parameters of the participants. Results: In the study appendicitis was more common in boys. During laparoscopic appendectomy sevoflurane controlled better the blood pressure, but not the heart rate. Sevoflurane maintained a better control of parameters of the inflammatory response. Propofol decreased the oxidative stress, but there was no statistical difference compared to the effects of sevoflurane on oxidative stress. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy shoved no difference in the level of surgical stress compared to laparotomy, and sevoflurane appeared as an anaesthetic which had a better control of the metabolic, clinical and inflammatory response.

Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se primenom eksperimentalne metode naučno utvrdi da li dodatni &scaron;estomesečni program figičkog vežbanja u redovnim uslovima rada pred&scaron;kolske ustanove može regultirati gnačajnim promenama u morfolo&scaron;kim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima kod dece pred&scaron;kolskog ugrasta prosečne starosti 6,21&plusmn;0,56 decimalnih godina. Obuhvaćeno je ukupno 211 dece od toga devojčica (n=103) i dečaka (n=108) koji su na početku istraživanja (01. septembar 2014. godine) bili polaznici pred&scaron;kolskih grupa u Pred&scaron;kolskoj ustanovi &quot;Čukarica&quot; u Beogradu. Prema kriterijumu primene &scaron;estomesečnog figičkog vežbanja ispitanici su bili podeljeni u tri homogene grupe i to: eksperimentalnu (E) koju je činilo 36 dečaka i 28 devojčica, prvu kontrolnu (K1) sastavljenu od 31 dečaka i 37 devojčica i drugu kontrolnu grupu (K2) sačinjenu od 41 dečaka i 38 devojčica. E grupa je imala dodatni koncept programa koji je bio gasnovan na sadržajima visoke složenosti, sproveden kao figičko vaspitanje, a usmeren na razvoj biotičkih motoričkih gnanja. K1 grupa je takoe imala dodatni ali diferenciran program, usmeren kao trenažne sekvence, ga dečake polistrukturalnoaciklične aktivnosti, a ga devojčice estetskokonvencione aktivnosti. Dok K2 grupa pored redovnih aktivnosti ig figičkog vaspitanja nije bila podvrgnuta nijednom obliku dodatnog figičkog vežbanja. Koristio se kvagi&ndash; eksperimentalni nacrta istraživanja, tačnije nacrt sa neekvivalentnim grupama i pretestposttestom. Ugorak morfolo&scaron;kih mernih instrumenata bio je sačinjen po redukovanom modelu (Viskić, 1972; Kurelić i sar., 1975) preuget ig istraživanja Bale (1980). Motorički&nbsp;merni instrumenti proiglage takoe ig redukovanog teoretskog modela (Kurelića i sar., 1975; Gredelja i sar., 1975) preuzetog iz istraživanja Bale i Popovića (2007). Rezultati istraživanja ukaguju da je program dodatnog figičkog vežbanja E grupe dao dobre regultate u redukciji potkožnog masnog tkiva i volumena i mase tela kod dece. Najbolje rezultate dao je u pogledu mehanizma za strukturiranje kretanja. Deca iz K1 grupe, takoe su redukovala potkožno masno tkivo i volumen i masu tela, ali u pogledu motoričkih sposobnosti nije bilo pomaka u mehanizmu za strukturiranje kretanja. Kod dece u K2 grupi do&scaron;lo je do povećanja potkožnog masnog tkiva, volumena i mase tela kao i pada pojedinih motoričkih sposobnosti. U sve tri grupe izolovana su dva hipotetska morfolo&scaron;ka faktora koje je bolje interpretirati kao jedan Faktor mekog tkiva, i dva motorička koji se mogu interpretirati kao Generalni motorički Paktor. Kvalitativne promene u strukturi oba ekstrahovana faktora uočene su samo u K1 grupi u motoričkom prostoru, &scaron;to je posledica diferenciranog programa figičkog vežbanja. Regultati su ukagali da redovan program figičkog vaspitanja u pred&scaron;kolskim ustanovama nije dovoljan za pripremnu pred&scaron;kolsku grupu, kao i da se dodatnim programiranim figičkim vežbanjem postižu bolji rezultati pogotovo ako je usmeren ka razvoju biotičkih motoričkih znanja.<br>The research was conducted with the aim of applying experimental methods scientifically determine whether an additional six-month program of physical exercise in normal conditions of preschool institution may result in significant changes in the morphological characteristics and motor abilities in preschool children with mean age 6.21 &plusmn; 0.56 decimal years. A total of 211 children from that of girls (n=103) and boys (n=108) who were in the moment of research (01. September 2014) participants were preschool groups in preschool institution &quot;Čukarica&quot; in Belgrade. According to the criteria of application of the six-month physical exercise participants were divided into three homogeneous groups: experimental (E) which consisted of 36 boys and 28 girls, the first control (K1) made up of 31 boys and 37 girls, and another control group (K2) as made of 41 boys and 38 girls. E group had additional program concept which was based on the contents of higher complexity, implemented as physical education, which is focused on the development of biotic motor skills. K1 group also had additional or differentiated program, focused as the training sequence, for boys extracurricular- acyclic activities, and for girls estheticconventional activities. While K2 group in addition to the regular activities of physical education was&nbsp;not subjected to any form of additional physical exercise. It was used a quasi-experimental research designs, namely The draft with unequivalent groups and pretest-posttest. Morphological sample of measuring instruments was made through a reduced model (Viskić, 1972; Kurelić et al., 1975), taken from the research (Bala 1980). The motor measuring instruments derived also from the reduced theoretical model (Kurelić et al., 1975; Gredelj et al., 1975), taken from the research (Bala, &amp; Popovic 2007). The research results indicate that the program is additional physical exercise group E gave good results in the reduction of subcutaneous fat volume and body mass in children. The best results in terms of mechanisms for structuring movements. Children from the K1 group, also reduce the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the volume and mass of the body, but in terms of motor skills were no developments in the mechanism for structuring movements. Children the K2 group there was an increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue volume and body mass as well as the decline of some motor skills. In all three groups were isolated two hypothetical morphological factors that is better interpreted as a Factor of soft tissue, and two motor that can be interpreted as General motor factor. Qualitative changes in the structure of the two extracted factors were observed only in the K1 group in the motor area, which is the result of a differentiated program of physical exercise. The results have shown that regular physical education curriculum in preschool institutions is insufficient for the preparatory preschool group, as well as to further programmed physical exercise leads to better results especially if it is directed at the development of biotic motor skills.

Istraživanje prikazano ovim radom imalo je za cilj da opi&scaron;e mentalno zdravljedece na hraniteljstvu ranog &scaron;kolskog uzrasta i da sagleda kakvu ulogu u aktuelnomstepenu njihovog psihosocijalnog funkcionisanja ima kvalitet brige koji im je pružen uhraniteljskoj porodici. Kvaliteta staranja o detetu je konceptualizovan iz okvira teorijeafektivne vezanosti kao posvećenost hranitelja detetu na sme&scaron;taju i podrazumeva nivoemocionalne investiranosti i motivisanosti hranitelja da sa detetom uspostavi emotivnoblizak, stabilan i trajan odnos.U uzorak istraživanja je uključeno 82 dece na sme&scaron;taju u hraniteljskimporodicama, uzrasta od 5 do 11 godina, koji su &scaron;tićenici Centra za socijalni rad GradaNovog Sada i vi&scaron;e op&scaron;tinskih centara na teritoriji Vojvodine (Novi Bečej, BačkaTopola, Mali Iđo&scaron; i Vrbas), bez ozbiljnijih smetnji u psihomotornom razvoju i koja uaktuelnoj hraniteljskoj porodici borave najmanje dva meseca. U uzorku je podjednakbroj dečaka i devojčica, pri čemu dominiraju deca koja su na sme&scaron;taju u standardnim(nesrodničkim) hraniteljskim porodicama (90.2 %), u odnosu na srodničke.Podaci o mentalnom zdravlju dece su prikupljani uz pomoć dve skale za procenudečije psihopatologije koje su popunjavale hraniteljice: Liste provere dečijeg pona&scaron;anjaza decu od 6-18 godina (Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18, CBCL/6-18,Achenbah &amp; Reskorla, 2001) i Liste za procenu dece u socijalnoj za&scaron;titi uzrasta od 4-11godina (Assessment Checklist for Children for ages 4-11, ACC, Tarren-Sweeney,2007). Podaci o mentalnom zdravlju su prikupljani i za kontrolni uzorak dece kojaodrastaju u biolo&scaron;kim porodicama, ujednačenom po broju, polnoj i uzrasnoj strukturi sauzorkom dece na hraniteljstvu, kao i u odnosu na pol roditelja koji pruža podatke(majke). Za operacionalizovanje i procenjivanje kvaliteta staranja o detetu od stranehranitelja je kori&scaron;ćen polustrukturirani intervju &ldquo;To je moje čedo&rdquo; (&ldquo;This Is My Baby&rdquo;interview&rdquo;, TIMB, Bates &amp; Dozier, 1998) koji se sastoji od standardizovanih pitanja uvezi hraniteljicinih osećanja prema detetu i njihovog međusobnog odnosa i daje uvid utri dimenzije: prihvatanja deteta na sme&scaron;taju kao svog (eng. acceptance), posvećenosti upodsticanju njegovog rasta i razvoja bez emotivne &ldquo;zadr&scaron;ke&rdquo; (eng. commitment) isvesnosti o uticaju uspostavljenog odnosa sa detetom na detetov emocionalni i socijalnirazvoj, aktuelno i u budućnosti (eng. awareness of influence).Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da deca na hraniteljstvu u poređenju sa svojimvr&scaron;njacima koji odrastaju u biolo&scaron;kim porodicama, ispoljavaju značajno vi&scaron;e problemamentalnog zdravlja, pri čemu prednjače problemi sa pažnjom, smetnje afektivnevezanosti u vidu nediskriminativnog, pseudozrelog i nesigurnog pona&scaron;anja u5interpersonalnim relacijama, eksternalizujući problemi (agresivno pona&scaron;anje, kr&scaron;enjepravila), abnormalni obrasci ishrane (čuvanje, skladi&scaron;tenje i krađa hrane) isamopovređivanje. Mentalno zdravlje dece je determinisano nepovoljnim razvojnimokolnostima koje prethode sme&scaron;taju ali i kvalitetom brige koja im je pružena uhraniteljskoj porodici, pa se kod dece o kojima brinu hraniteljice visokog nivoaprihvatanja i posvećenosti beleži manje emocionalnih problema, problema u pona&scaron;anju iodnosu sa drugima. Rezultati ukazuju i na moderirajuće efekte kvaliteta staranja, usmislu da je stepen prihvatanja i posvećenosti od strane hraniteljica posebno značajan zadecu koja su pre sme&scaron;taja u hraniteljsku porodicu imala visoko rizično iskustvo, činećiih znatno vulnerabilnijim u okolnostima niskog kvaliteta brige, kao &scaron;to i okolnostivisokog kvaliteta staranja u ovoj grupi dece ostvaruju najintenzivniji protektivni ikompenzatorni efekat.Rezultati su diskutovani u svetlu teorije afektivne vezanosti, u smislu potvrdekvaliteta staranja kao protektivnog činioca koji podstiče rezilijentnost dece i implikacijarelevantnih za praksu socijalnog rada u oblasti hraniteljstva.<br>The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to describe the mentalhealth of children in foster care at early school-age and to analyse the role that thequality of care they receive in foster family plays in the current level of theirpsychosocial functioning. The quality of child care has been conceptualized from theframework of the attachment theory as the commitment of foster carers to the fosterchildren and it implies a level of emotional investment and motivation of the fostercarers to establish an emotionally close, stable and permanent relationship with thechild.The research sample involved 82 foster children, aged 5 to 11, who are in thecare of the Centre for Social Work of the City of Novi Sad and several municipalcentres in the territory of Vojvodina (Novi Bečej, Bačka Topola, Mali Iđo&scaron; and Vrbas),who are without serious difficulties in psychomotor development and who have beenwith the current foster family for at least two months. The sample included the samenumber of boys and girls, and the majority were children in standard (non-kinship)foster families (90.2 %), as opposed to kinship foster families.Information about the mental health of the children was collected using twoscales for the assessment of psychopathology in children, which were filled out byfoster mothers: Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18, Achenbah &amp;Reskorla, 2001) and Assessment Checklist for Children for ages 4-11 (ACC, Tarren-Sweeney, 2007). Information about the mental health was also collected for the controlsample of children who live with biological families, identical in number, gender andage structure with the sample of children in foster care, as well as in relation to thegender of the parent providing the information (mother). In order to operationalize andassess the quality of child care, the research used the semi structured interview &ldquo;This IsMy Baby&rdquo; (TIMB, Bates &amp; Dozier, 1998) which contains standardized questions inrelation to the foster mother&rsquo;s feelings towards the child and their mutual relationshipand it also provides insight into three dimensions: acceptance of foster child as her own,commitment in encouraging their growth and development without emotional&ldquo;reservations&rdquo; and the awareness of influence of the established relationship with thechild on the child&#39;s emotional and social development, now and in the future.The results of the research indicate that the children in foster care, as comparedto their peers growing up with biological families, display significantly more mentalhealth problems, and the most frequent ones are attention problems, attachment relateddifficulties in the form of indiscriminate, pseudo mature and insecure interpersonal8behaviours, externalising problems, aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour, eatingproblems, food maintenance behaviour and self-injury. The mental health of thechildren is determined by the unfavourable development circumstances prior toplacement in foster care, but also by the quality of care that they receive in fosterfamily, and so the children in the care of foster mothers with a high level of acceptanceand commitment display fewer emotional, behavioural and interpersonal problems. Theresults also indicate the moderation effects of the quality of care, in the sense that thelevel of acceptance and commitment by the foster mothers is of particular significancefor the children who had high-risk experience before they were placed in foster family,which made them significantly more vulnerable in the circumstances of low-qualitycare, just like the circumstances of high-quality care with this group of childrenproduced a more intensive protective and compensatory effect.Results are discussed in the light of the attachment theory, in terms ofconfirmation of the quality of care as a protective factor which encourages the resilienceof children, as well as the implications relevant to the social work practice in the field offoster care.

Razvojna disleksija je specifičan deficit čitanja uprkos prosečnoj inteligenciji, &scaron;kolovanju i obrazovnom okruženju, a u odsustvu senzornih ili psihijatrijskih poremećaja. Disortografija predstavlja otežano učenje pravopisa maternjeg jezika u vreme kada su deca istog uzrasta, sposobnosti i obuke već savladala pravopisna pravila. Deficit fonolo&scaron;ke obrade obja&scaron;njava disleksiju i disortografiju kao posledicu individualnih smetnji u fonolo&scaron;kom procesiranju koja se ispoljava kao slabost u sposobnosti stvaranja veze između fonema i grafema. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su da se utvrdi nivo razvijenosti fonolo&scaron;ke svesnosti kod dece sa disleksijom i disortografijom, zatim u kojoj meri govorno jezički poremećaji utiču na ispoljavanje disleksije i disortografije, kao i da se utvrdi da li postoji razlika u ispoljavanju ovih smetnji u odnosu na pol dece. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 689 dece, od prvog do trećeg razreda osnovne &scaron;kole čiji je maternji jezik srpski. Deca su podeljena u grupe u odnosu na razred koji pohađaju. Za procenu fonolo&scaron;ke svesnosti primenjen je test FONT koji obuhvata osam tipova zadataka:spajanje slogova, slogovna segmentacija, identifikovanje početnog fonema, prepoznavanje rime, fonemska segmentacija, identifikovanje zavr&scaron;nog fonema, eliminacija fonema, fonemska supstitucija i spajanje slogova. Brzina, tačnost, fluentnost čitanja i razumevanje sadržaja pročitanog procenjena je testom čitanja The Gray Oral Reading Tests-GORT 5. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja urađena je kros-kulturalna adaptacija testa, prema vodiču za adaptaciju u odnosu na jezičke i kulturalne različitosti. Za procenu razvijenosti govora i poznavanje reči, apstraktne inteligencije, faktora distraktibilnosti i koncentracije, kao i procene vizuomotorne koordinacije, kori&scaron;ćeni su subtestovi Revisk-revidirane skale za merenje inteligencije. Skalom za procenu pravopisnog nivoa rukopisa procenjeno je prepoznavanje semantičkih oblika i njihovo kori&scaron;ćenje u kontekstu saop&scaron;tavanja misaonih sadržaja. Rezultati pokazuju da najveći broj dece, od prvog do trećeg razreda, ima razvijeno čitanje u kategoriji proseka. U drugom i trećem razredu 61 dete (13.7%) ispoljava disleksiju, a 82 (18,4%) dece disortografične smetnje. Deca sa disleksijom i disortografijom če&scaron;će imaju deficit fonolo&scaron;ke svesnosti u odnosu na decu tipičnog razvoja. Deca sa disleksijom i disortografijom ispoljavaju deficit svih elemenata koji čine fonolo&scaron;ku svesnost. Elementi fonolo&scaron;ke svesnosti kod dece mlađeg &scaron;kolskog uzrasta čiji je maternji jezik srpski, predstavljaju značajne prediktore za sticanje čitanja i pravopisa. Govorno jezički poremećaji zastupljeni su kod 137 dece (19.9%), od prvog do trećeg razreda. Kod dece sa govorno jezičkim poremećajima se če&scaron;će ispoljava disleksija i disortografija u odnosu na decu tipičnog razvoja. Najveći broj dece sa disleksijom i disortografijom ima podprosečne rezultate na subtestu Rečnik. Disleksija i disortografija, kao i deficit fonolo&scaron;ke svesnosti su če&scaron;će zastupljeni kod dečaka, ali ta razlika nije značajna. U odnosu na rezultate istraživanja napravljen je Protokol za detekciju, procenu i korekciju disleksije i disortografije.<br>Developmental dyslexia is a specific reading deficit occurring in spite of average intelligence, appropriate schooling and educational environment, in the absence of any sensory or psychiatric disorders. Dysorthography represents a child`s impaired acquisition of the orthography of his/her mother tongue at the age when children of equal abilities and schooling have already mastered orthographic rules. A deficit in phonological awareness explains both dyslexia and dysorthography as a consequence of individual difficulties in phonological processing displayed as impairment in creating associations between phonemes and graphemes. The aims of this research were to establish the level of development of phonological awareness in children with dyslexia and dysorthography, the extent to which speech disorders affect dyslexia and dysorthography, and if there is a difference in their frequency with regard to gender. The study included 689 children, attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade of primary school, whose mother tongue was Serbian. Children were divided into groups according to school grade. For the assessment of phonological awareness the FONT test was used which entails eight types of tasks: syllable blending, syllable segmentation, identifying the initial phoneme, recognizing rime, phoneme segmentation, identifying the ending phoneme, phoneme deletion, and phoneme substitution. Reading accuracy, fluency and comprehension were assessed by The Gray Oral Reading Tests &ndash; GORT 5. For the purposes of this study, a cross-cultural adaptation was performed, in accordance with the guidelines provided in the guide for adaptation regarding linguistic and cultural differences. Subtests of the REVISK &ndash; revised scale for the assessment of intelligence were used to assess the developmental level of speech and vocabulary, attention and distractibility, as well as visual-motor coordination. A scale for the assessment of the orthographic level of handwriting was used to recognize semantic forms and their application in the context of conveying thought content. The results show that the majority of children, attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade have an average reading ability. 61 children (13.7%) attending 2nd and 3rd grade have dyslexia, while 82 (18.4%) have difficulties with the orthography. These children more often have a phonological awareness deficit compared to typically developing children. Children with dyslexia and dysorthography display a deficit in all the elements of phonological awareness. The elements of phonological awareness have proven to be significant predictors of mastering reading and writing in children attending lower grades of primary school, whose mother tongue is Serbian. Speaking disorders were found to be present in 137 (19.9%) children attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. These children more often have dyslexia and dysorthography compared to typically developing children. The majority of children with dyslexia and dysorthography have below average results on the Vocabulary subtest. Dyslexia and dysorthography, as well as the phonological awareness deficit are more present in boys but the gender difference is not significant. In accordance with our results, a protocol was developed to detect, assess and correct dyslexia and dysorthography.

Cilj rada je da se utvrde potrebe dece i mladih bez roditeljskog staranja zaprimenom modela programa učenja socijalnih ve&scaron;tina u funkciji razvijanja njihove socijalnekompetentnosti i boljeg socijalnog funkcionisanja. Ovako definisan op&scaron;ti ciljoperacionalizovan je kroz određene teorijske i empirijske celine rada.U prvom poglavlju teorijskog dela izložen je koncept socijalne kompetentnosti krozopis razvoja ovog koncepta i prikaz integrativnog modela socijalne kompetentnosti kojipretpostavlja sagledavanje socijalne kompetentnosti na vi&scaron;e nivoa. Rukovođeni ovimmodelom, detaljnije smo prikazali determinante i korelate socijalne kompetentnosti koji seodnose, sa jedne strane, na različite pokazatelje socijalnog funkcionisanja, a sa druge, nasocijalne ve&scaron;tine. Po&scaron;to je model programa razvijanja socijalnih ve&scaron;tina potrebno prilagoditiciljnoj grupi korisnika, ali i kontekstu obuke, posebna teorijska celina odnosila se na bliži opisi definisanje pojma deca i mladi bez roditeljskog staranja. Polazeći od ekolo&scaron;kog pristupa, uovom poglavlju prikazana su teorijska i empirijska saznanja o uzrocima i faktorimaporodičnih odnosa koji utiču na razvoj i socijalno funkcionisanje dece i mladih, kao i oblicisocijalne za&scaron;tite dece i mladih bez roditeljskog staranja. U poslednjem teorijskom poglavlju,opisane su karakteristike institucionalne za&scaron;tite, odnosno kontekst u kojem žive i dalje serazvijaju deca i mladi bez roditeljskog staranja. Dat je prikaz dosada&scaron;njih istraživanja osocijalnim odnosima i funkcionisanju dece i mladih u institucijama. Na ovaj način, kroz triteorijska poglavlja, polazaći od integrativnog modela socijalne kompetentnosti sagledani surazličiti pokazatelji socijalne kompetentnosti, njihove determinante i korelati, te diskutovaniprotektivni i rizični faktori razvijanja socijalne kompetentnosti dece i mladih bez roditeljskogstaranja u institucionalnom kontekstu.U empirijskom delu rada prvo je sagledana socijalna kompetentnost dece i mladih bezroditeljskog staranja preko pokazatelja njihovog socijalnog funkcionisanja, a zatim sa aspektarazvijenosti socijalnih ve&scaron;tina. Na oba nivoa analize, posebno su sagledane razlike u odnosuna intelektualni i porodični status dece. Za procenu različitih pokazatelja socijalnogfunkcionisanja dece i mladih kori&scaron;ćene su: Skala oblika problematičnog pona&scaron;anja (Gresham,Elliott,1990), Skala snage i te&scaron;koće (Goodman, 1997) i Upitnik načina re&scaron;avanja konflikata(Rahim, 1983a). Za ispitivanje razvijenosti socijalnih ve&scaron;tina dece i mladih primenjene su Čeklista socijalnih ve&scaron;tina (Goldstein et al., 1998) i Skala socijalnih ve&scaron;tina (Gresham &amp;Elliott,1990). Ukupan uzorak činilo je 416 dece i mladih uzrasta od 12 do 18 godina, od togav210 bez roditeljskog staranja i 206 sa roditeljskim staranjem. Poduzorci u komparativnojgrupi dece i mladih sa roditeljskim staranjem bili su ujednačeni sa poduzorcima dece i mladihbez roditeljskog staranja u odnosu na intelektualni status, pol, uzrast, sredinu i &scaron;kolski uspeh.Rezultati prve faze istraživanja su pokazali da deca i mladi bez roditeljskog staranjaimaju slabije razvijene socijalne ve&scaron;tine i lo&scaron;ije socijalno funkcioni&scaron;u od dece i mladih saroditeljskim staranjem. Potvrđeno je da roditeljsko staranje ima značajniji uticaj na socijalnukompetentnost dece i mladih nego intelektualni status. Druga faza istraživanja se odnosila nautvrđivanje povezanosti pokazatelja socijalnog funkcionisanja i razvijenosti ispitivanihsocijalnih ve&scaron;tina u cilju koncipiranja modela programa razvijanja socijalne kompetentnostidece i mladih bez roditeljskog staranja. Pored toga, ispitana je i povezanost institucionalnihvarijabli, kao i karakteristike dece i mladih sa pokazateljima njihove socijalne kompetentnosti.Nalazi o visokoj povezanosti socijalnih ve&scaron;tina sa pokazateljima socijalnog funkcionisanja,kao i visoka povezanost određenih varijabli institucionalne za&scaron;tite i karakteristika dece imladih bez roditeljskog staranja sa njihovim socijalnim kompetencijama, potvdili su teorijskikoncept iz područja socijalne kompetentnosti.U delu pedago&scaron;kih implikacija dat je model programa učenja socijalnih ve&scaron;tina kojemogu doprineti razvijanju socijalne kompetentnosti i efikasnijem socijalnom funkcionisanjudece i mladih bez roditeljskog staranja, kao i preporuke vezane za institucionalni kontekstobuke. Takođe, ponuđeni model programa pruža mogućnost daljih istraživanja u ovoj oblastivezanih za evaluaciju efekata ovako koncipiranog programa i njegove realizacije u uslovimainstitucionalne za&scaron;tite, kao i pitanja same kompetentnosti i edukacije kadra za primenuprograma.<br>The aim of the work is finding out the needs of children and young peoplewithout parental care and the implication of a modular programme for learning social skillswith the function of development of their social competency and better social functioning.Defined in this way, the general aim has become operative through certain theoretical andempirical parts of the work.The first chapter of the theoretical part deals with the concept of social competencythrough the description of development of this concept and the view of Integrative model ofsocial competency which includes the insight of social competency in several levels. Guidedby this model, we presented the determinants and the correlates of social competency relatingto different signposts of social functioning on one side, and social skills on the other. Sincethe model of development programme of social skills needs to be adjusted to the target groupof users, and also to the context of the training, a specific theoretical part related to the closerdescription and definition of the term children and young people without parental care.Starting from the ecological point ,this chapter shows the theoretical and empirical knowledgeof the causes and the factors of family relations which have impact on developement andsocial functioning of children and young people without parental care. The last theoreticalchapter deals with the institutional protection, that is the context where children and youngpeople without parental care continue to live and develop .There has been given a review ofthe recent research on social relations and functioning of children and young people ininstitutions. In this way, through the three theoretical chapters, starting from the Integrativemodel of social competency, different indicators of social competency have been considered,their determinants and correlates, and there have been discussed the protective and riskyfactors of social competency development with children and young people without parentalcare in the institutional context.In the empirical part of the work first social competency of children and young peoplewithout parental care has been reviewed through the indicators of their social functioning andthen from the aspect of their social skills. Both levels of the analyses consider the differencesrelating the intellectual and family status of children. For the evaluation of different indicatorsof social functioning of children and young people we used: Scale of forms of problematicbehaviour (Gresham, Elliott,1990, Scale of strength and difficulty, (Goodman, 1997) and theQuestionnaire for ways of solving problems (Rahim, 1983). For the research of social skills ofviichildren and young people we have applied Check list of social skills (Goldstein &amp; Glick1987) and Scale of social skills (Gresham &amp; Elliott,1990). The total sample consisted of 416children and young people of the age 12 to 18 years, out of which 210 without parental careand 206 with parental care. The subsamples in the comparative group of children and youngpeople with parental care were identical to the subsamples of children and young peoplewithout parental care, considering the intellectual status, sex, age and school achievement.The results of the first phase of research showed that children and young peoplewithout parental care have less developed social skills and weaker social functioning thanchildren and young people with parental care. It has been confirmed that parental care has amore significant impact on social competency of children and young people than intellectualstatus. The second phase of research related to stating the connections between the indicatorsof social functioning and development of the studied social skills with the aim of making aconcept for a model programme of social competency development of children and youngpeople without parental care. It has also been studied the connection among institutionalvariables, as well as the characteristics of children and young people with indicators of theirsocial competency. The evidences of strong connections of social skills with indicators ofsocial functioning, as well as strong connection of certain variables of institutional care andcharacteristics of children and young people without parental care with their socialcompetency, have confirmed the theoretical concept from the area of social competency.In the part dealing with the pedagogical implications there has been given a model of aprogramme for learning social skills which can contribute to the development of socialcompetency and a more efficient social functioning of children and young people withoutparental care, as well as the references connected to the institutional context of the training.The presented model of the programme also offers a possibility of further research in thisarea, connected to the evaluation of effects of a programme concepted in such a way and itsrealisation in the conditions of institutional protection, as well as the issues of the verycompetency and education of people for implementing the programme.

Ce mémoire traite des Discours sur la Première Décade de Tite-Live de Nicolas Machiavel. Notre problématique est de savoir pourquoi Machiavel s'est intéressé à l'Histoire Romaine de Tite-Live, dans quelle optique il la lit, la commente et comment il en tire des leçons pour la vie politique de Florence. Dans un premier chapitre, nous présentons notre méthode qui s'inspire de l'école contextualiste de Cambridge. Nous replaçons ensuite Machiavel dans son époque à travers une brève biographie puis nous présentons l'Histoire Romaine de Tite-Live, ainsi que son auteur. Dans un second chapitre nous présentons les Discours sur la Première Décade de Tite-Live et le contexte de leur rédaction. Nous démontrons pourquoi cette œuvre de Machiavel est à la fois en continuité et en rupture avec leur époque (la Renaissance). Nous étudions les liens possibles entre l'antique Rome et Florence au XVIe siècle. Nous commentons ensuite certains chapitres des Discours à titre d'exemple. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous traitons des enjeux philosophiques des Discours: la vision de l'Histoire qui en ressort, le rôle des concepts de virtù et de fortuna et enfin, la possibilité d'actualiser l'approche de Machiavel, c'est-à-dire prendre en compte - ou non - les exemples de l'Histoire pour décider aujourd'hui des modes de l'agir politique.<br>This master thesis is about Niccolò Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy. Our main issue is to know why did Machiavelli interest in Livy's History of Rome, from which point of view did he read and comment on it, and the political lessons he taught Florence from it. In chapter one, we present our method inspired from the Cambridge contextualist school. Next, we put Machiavelli back in his time through a short biography; then we present Livy's History of Rome, and the author himself. In chapter two, we present the Discourses on Livy and the background in which Machiavellli wrote it. We demonstrate how this work follows on from the Renaissance litterature and at the same time breaks with it. Then we study the possible connections between the ancient Rome and the 16th century Florence. Afterwards, we comment some chapters of the Discourses, as an exemple. The last chapter deals with the philosophical issues in the Discourses: which view on History reveals through it, which part do play the concepts of virtù and fortuna and finally, the possibility of updating Machiavelli's approach, that is to say taking - or not - into account the historical exemples as a guide for today's political action.

Hirur&scaron;ka inetrvencija aktivira odgovor organizma na stres, pokreću se neuroendokrine promene u organizmu, &scaron;to rezultira neželjenom hemodinamskom nestabilno&scaron;ću, promenama metabolizma, endokrinog i imunog sistema. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi uticaj kaudalnog bloka na nivo perioperativnog stresa i njegova efikasnot u zbrinjavanju intra- i postoperativnog bola. Ovo prospektivno, randomizirano kliničko ispitivanje obuhvatalo je 80 dečaka, uzrasta 2-5godina, kojima su bile indikovane urolo&scaron;ke operacije. Jedna grupa (n = 38) je primila op&scaron;tu anesteziju, a druga (n = 38) op&scaron;tu anesteziju sa kaudalnim blokom. Mereni su intraoperativno hemodinamski parametri u 8 merenja, ukupna potro&scaron;nja svih datih lekova i intenzitet bola u 3 navrata postoperativno. Uzorci krvi uzeti su pre uvoda u anesteziju i nakon buđenja pacijenta, i ispitivan je nivo glukoze, kortizola, leukocita, leukocitarne formule, pH i laktata. Deca koja su primila kaudalni blok imala su, postoperativno, značajno niži nivo glukoze u serumu (p &lt;0,01), koncentracije kortizola (p &lt;0,01), leukocita i neutrofila (p &lt;0,01), laktata i acidoze, a takođe su imali i niže ocene bola u sve tri momenta merenja (p&lt;0,01). Intraoperativno utvrđena je veća hemodinamska stabilnost i manja potro&scaron;nja analgetika perioperativno. Takođe, u toj grupi nije bilo komplikacija. Kombinacija kaudalnog bloka sa op&scaron;tom anestezijom je bezbedna metoda, koja dovodi do manjeg stresa, veće hemodinamske stabilnosti, nižih ocena bola i manje potro&scaron;njelekova.<br>Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable haemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 80 patients scheduled for elective urological operations. One group (n = 38) received general anaesthesia and the other (n = 38) received general anaesthesia with a caudal block. Haemodynamic paramethers, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose, cortisol level, leukocytes, pH and lactate level were taken before anaesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Children who received a caudal block had, postoperativly, significantly lower serum glucose (p &lt; 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p &lt; 0.01), leukocytes (p&lt;0,01), lower lactate level and acidosis,also pain scores were lower at all 3 measurments (p&lt;0,01). Intraoperativly greater haemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption were noticed. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. The combination of caudal block with general anaesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater haemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication.

Residential deck and balcony failures are preventable if the decks and balconies are maintained and inspected regularly. Inspection of in-service decks or balconies is not common and often is unregulated or building codes do not appear to be widely enforced. With every failure, the need for a comprehensive inspection manual for residential wood decks and balconies becomes more apparent. Research was conducted on inspection techniques, common deck and balcony construction methods, maintenance issues, decay detection and the evolution of the building code regulations on decks and balconies. Eight decks were inspected to find the extent of structural inadequacies and non-conformance with building codes. Using the information gathered from the research and inspections, a Manual for the Inspection of Residential Wood Decks and Balconies was written for professional inspectors and building officials. The manual includes recommended methods to prepare for inspection to preparation of final reports. It contains an appendix with information on the "pick test" for detecting early decay, information on adequate deck attachment, and a sample report for a complete deck inspection.<br>Master of Science

Stopa prematuriteta konstantno raste, a sve vi&scaron;e prevremeno rođenih beba koje prežive neonatalni i perinatalni period zahteva adekvatno sistemsko i oftalmolo&scaron;ko praćenje i tretman. Prematuritet sam po sebi, predstavlja rizik za razvoj vida. Taj rizik dodatno povećava prisustvo prematurne retinopatije i refraktivnih mana. Skrining i tretman promena na retini u sklopu prematuriteta, kao i optička korekcija refraktivnih mana obezbeđuju uslove za razvoj vida. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi promene biometrijskih karakteristika oka prematurusa, sa i bez prematurne retinopatije, tokom &scaron;estogodi&scaron;njeg praćenja, utvrditi refraktivni status ove dve grupe dece sa &scaron;est godina, te povezati promene biometrijskih karakteristika oka sa refrakcijom. U ispitivanje je uključeno 192 prevremeno rođena deteta (384 oka). Vr&scaron;ena su tri pregleda, u uzrastu od 3 meseca, 12 meseci i 6 godina starosti. Nakon prvog pregleda ispitivani uzorak je, u zavisnosti od nalaza na očnom dnu, podeljen na bebe sa prematurnom retinopatijom i bebe bez ovog oboljenja, a kako bi se uporedile proučavane karakteristike. U sva tri navedena uzrasta je pregledano očno dno i merene su tri glavne biometrijske karakteristike koje utiču na refraktivni status: aksijalna dužina oka, dubina prednje očne komore i debljina očnog sočiva. Sa &scaron;est godina je određena refrakcija, uključujući zakrivljenost rožnjače odnosno kornealni astigmatizam, vidna o&scaron;trina bez korekcije refraktivne mane, a zatim i nakon korekcije. Ostali neophodni podaci su dobijeni iz medicinske dokumentacije. Pokazano je da prematurna retinopatija utiče na refraktivni status i vidni ishod sa &scaron;est godina, pre svega uticajem na zakrivljenost rožnjače, aksijalnu dužinu oka i dubinu prednje očne komore, dok su promene debljine očnog sočiva bez posebnog značaja. Vidne o&scaron;trine oba oka u pred&scaron;kolskom uzrastu prevremeno rođene dece sa prematurnom retinopatijom su statistički značajno manje kada se uporede sa vidnim o&scaron;trinama prevremeno rođene dece bez retinopatije, ali razlika u ovim dvema vrednostima gubi statističku značajnost nakon optičke korekcije. Učestalost astigmatizma u prematurnoj populaciji sa 6 godina je visoka, a od onih koji imaju astigmatizam u tom uzrastu, vi&scaron;e od dve trećine je imalo prematurnu retinopatiju. Ukupna učestalost miopije, hipermetropije i emetropije u prematurnoj populaciji sa 6 godina je 18,9%, 54,7% i 13,2%, a preostalih 13,2% su anizometropi. U vi&scaron;e od trećine dece, sa prematurnom retinopatijom u najranijem uzrastu, sa &scaron;est godina postoji gubitak vidne sposobnosti, koji je najče&scaron;će blag, no može biti i potpun.<br>The number of babies born prematurely is constantly growing, so more and more of them need appropriate systemic and ophthalmologic monitoring and treatament. Prematurity itself, represents a risk for the development of vision. This risk further reinforces the presence of retinopathy of prematurity and refractive errors. Screening and treatment of retinopathy, as well as optical correction of refractive errors provide adequate conditions for the development of vision. The aim of this study was to determine changes of biometric features of eyes of the prematurely born infants, with and without retinopathy of prematurity, during the six-year follow-up. We also want to determine the refractive status of these two groups of children in the six year, and to link changes of biometric features with their eye refraction. The study included 192 prematurely born children (384 eyes). The examinations were performed at 3 months, 12 months and 6 years and they included fundus examination and measurements of the ocular axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness. After dividing the subjects into two groups, based on the results of the fundus examination at 3 months, the results of the children with and without retinopathy were compared. At the age of six we also determine the refraction of eyes, including the curvature of the cornea and corneal astigmatism, visual acuity without correction of refractive error, and then after it. Other necessary data were obtained from medical documentation. It is shown that retinopathy of prematurity affects the refractive status and visual outcome at sixth year, primarily by the changes of curvature of the cornea, the axial length of the eye and the depth of the anterior chamber, while the change in the lens thickness has no significance. Visual acuity in both eyes in the preschool age preterm born children with retinopathy of prematurity are significantly less, when compared to visual acuity in preterm infants without retinopathy, but the difference in these two values lost statistical significance after optical correction. The rate of astigmatism in preterm population of six years is high, and of those who have astigmatism in this age group, more than two-thirds had retinopathy of prematurity. The overall incidence of myopia, hypermetropia and emetropia in the prematurely born, six years old children is 18.9%, 54.7% and 13.2%, and the remaining 13.2% have anisometropia. In more than a third of children with retinopathy of prematurity at an early age, with six years, there has been loss of visual acuity, which is usually mild, but it can be complete.

Hormon rasta ima ključnu ulogu u mnogim fiziolo&scaron;kim procesima, anabolički efekti, stimulisanje rasta dugih kostiju, regulacija transkripcije gena u ciljnim ćelijama su uglavnom posredovani preko mitogenog polipeptida, insulinu sličan faktor rasta tip 1 (insulin like growth factor 1-IGF-1). Hormon rasta indukuje proizvodnju IGF-1 u jetri, koji reaguje sa receptorima ciljnih organa indukujući rast, odnosno IGF-1 posreduje svim stimulativnim dejstvima hormona rasta na kost, hrskavicu, rast mi&scaron;ić a i na metabolizam masti i ugljenih hidrata. U proceni redovnosti, bezbednosti i efikasnosti terapije hormonom rasta koristi se merenje koncentracije IGF-1 u serumu. Istraživanje je urađeno kao retrospektivno-prospektivna studija, a obuhvatilo je 80 pacijenata na terapiji hormonom rasta koja se kontroli&scaron;u i leče na Odeljenju za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Instituta za zdravstvenu za&scaron;titu dece i omladine Vojvodine u Novom Sadu. Istraživani uzorak je obuhvatio 80 pacijenata, od kojih 35 dece sa nedostatkom hormona rasta, 24 dece rođene male za gestacionu dob i 21 devojčicu sa Tarnerovim sindromom. Svi ispitanici su praćeni od početka primene hormona rasta i tokom prve dve godine terapije hormonom rasta. U ovom istraživanju su praćeni auksolo&scaron;ki i laboratorijski parametri u cilju ispitivanja odgovora na terapiju hormonom rasta. Praćene su bazalne vrednosti IGF-1 i promene nivoa IGF-1 u serumu tokom terapije hormonom rasta i kori&scaron;ćene da bi se ispitao odgovor na terapiju hormonom rasta, praćenjem brzine rasta, promena skora standardnih devijacija - SSD za telesnu visinu i ko&scaron;tanog sazrevanja. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se utvrdi povezanost vrednosti insulinu sličnog faktora rasta tip 1, brzine rasta i ko&scaron;tanog sazrevanja tokom terapije hormonom rasta. Takođe je poređena brzina rasta dece sa deficitom hormona rasta, devojčica sa T arnerovim sindromom i dece rođene male za gestaciono doba na terapiji hormonom rasta. U istraživanom uzorku, dvogodi&scaron;njim praćenjem terapije hormonom rasta je postignut dobar odgovor na terapiju, među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta je 71,5% postiglo normalnu telesnu visinu (&plusmn;2 SSDTV) posle dve godine terapije hormonom rasta, 79,2% dece rođene male za gestacionu dob i 42,9% devojčica sa Tarnerovim sindromom. Značajna zastupljenost dece prepubertetskog uzrasta na početku terapije hormonom rasta, među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta 77,2%, među decom rođenom malom za gestacionu dob 79,1% i među devojčicama sa Tarnerovim sindromom 90,5% &scaron;to je značajno uticalo na uspe&scaron;nost terapije. Tokom terapije hormonom rasta je utvrđeno povećanje brzine rasta i SSD TV kod sve tri grupe ispitanika. U sve tri grupe ispitanika je tokom terapije hormonom rasta utvrđen porast nivoa IGF-1 seruma i SSDIGF-1 i ubrzanje ko&scaron;tanog sazrevanja tokom terapije hormonom rasta. Za prvih &scaron;est meseci terapije nema statistički značajnih razlika među grupama u brzini rasta (p&gt;0,05), dok je za period prve i druge godine terapije hormonom rasta utvrđeno da postoji statistički značajna razlika među grupama (p&lt;0,05), da je brzina rasta kod devojčica za Tarnerovim sindromom statistički značajno manja i od brzine rasta kod dece sa nedostatkom hormona rasta (p &lt;0,05), i od brzine rasta kod dece rođene male za gestacionu dob (p&lt;0,05). Među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta i dece rođene male za gestacionu dob nema statistički značajne razlike u brzini rasta (p&gt;0,5). U ovom istraživanju je praćenjem auskolo&scaron;kih i laboratrijskih parametara tokom dvogodi&scaron;nje primene hormona rasta, konstruisano vi&scaron;e matematičkih modela za predviđanje odgovora na terapiju hormona rasta koji su statistički veoma značajani sa visokim koeficijentom vi&scaron;estruke linearne korelacije. U ovom istraživanju nije dobijena statistički značajna korelacija izmedju nivoa promene IGF-1 i brzine rasta za ceo uzorak, kao ni za decu sa nedostatkom hormona rasta, decu rođenu malu za gestacionu dob i devojčice za Tarnerovim sindromom. Nije dobijena statistički značajna korelacija izmedju nivoa promene IGF-1 i ubrzanja ko&scaron;tanog sazrevanja za ceo uzorak i za tri grupe pacijenata.<br>Growth hormone plays a key role in many physiological processes. The anabolic effects, the stimulation of growth of the long bones and the regulation of gene transcription in the target cells are mediated mainly via mitogenic polypeptide and insulin-like growth factor type 1 (insulin like growth factor 1-IGF-1). Growth hormone induces the production of IGF-1 in the liver, which interacts with receptors of the target organs inducing growth, that is, IGF-1 mediates all the stimulating effects of growth hormone on bone, cartilage, muscle growth and the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. In assessing the regularity, safety and efficacy of growth hormone therapy, measuring the concentration of IGF-1 in serum is used. The survey was conducted as a retrospective-prospective study and involved 80 patients treated with growth hormone, monitored and treated at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, at the Institute for Health Protection of Children and Youth of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. Investigated sample included 80 patients, of whom 35 children have growth hormone deficiency, 24 children were born small for gestational age and 21 girls with Turner syndrome. All the patients were monitored from the beginning of the administration of growth hormone and during the first two years of growth hormone therapy. In this study, auxological and laboratory parameters were monitored for the purpose of examining the response to treatment of growth hormone. The basal values of IGF-1 and changes in IGF-1 levels in serum, along with monitoring the rate of growth velocity and recent changes in standard deviation - SSD for body height and bone maturation, were monitored during growth hormone therapy and used for the evaluation of the response to growth hormone therapy. The objectives of the study were to determine the correlation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 values, the growth velocity and maturation of bone during growth hormone therapy. Also, the growth velocity in children with growth hormone deficiency was compared with the growth velocity in girls with Turner syndrome and in children born small for gestational age while treated with growth hormone. Two-year monitoring of growth hormone therapy in the study sample has show n good response to therapy. 71.5% of children with growth hormone deficiency, 79.2% of children born small for gestational age, and 42.9% of girls with Turner syndrome achieved normal body height (&plusmn; 2 SSDTV) after two years of growth hormone therapy. There was a significant share of children at prepubertal age at the beginning of growth hormone therapy: 77.2% of children with growth hormone deficiency, 79.1% of children born small for gestational age and 90.5% of girls with Turner syndrome, which significantly influenced the success of the therapy. During the growth hormone therapy there was an increase of growth velocity and SSD TV in all three groups of children. An increase in levels of IGF-1 serum and SSDIGF-1 and acceleration of bone maturation were determined in all three groups of patients during growth hormone therapy. For the first six months of therapy there was no statistically significant difference between groups in growth velocity (p&gt; 0.05), while the period of the first and second year of growth hormone therapy showed a statistically significant difference between groups (p &lt;0.05). The growth velocity in girls with Turner syndrome was significantly lower than the growth velocity in children with growth hormone deficiency (p &lt;0.05) and in children born small for gestational age (p &lt;0.05). Between children with growth hormone deficiency and children born small for gestational age there was no statistically significant difference in growth velocity (p&gt; 0.5). By monitoring auxological and laboratory parameters during the two years of application of growth hormone, several highly statistically significant mathematical models for predicting the response to treatment of growth hormone were constructed in this study with a high coefficient of multiple linear correlation. In this study, there was no statistically significant correlation between the level of change in IGF-1 and growth velocity for the entire sample, as well as for children with growth hormone deficiency, children born small for gestational age and girls for Turner syndrome. There was no statistically significant correlation between the level of change in IGF-1 and acceleration of bone maturation for the entire sample and for the three groups of patients.

У раду се разматра проблем инклузије деце са тешкоћама у развоју уредовне основне школе, кроз сагледавање основних могућности и ограничења заовај процес у нашим основним школама. У теоријском делу рада бавили смо сетеоријским полазиштима истраживања, појмовним одређењима, терминологијом икласификацијом деце са тешкоћама у развоју и њиховим положајем у друштву. Датје приказ различитих модела образовања ове деце и правних докумената којиподржавају инклузију. Посебно је размотрен проблем инклузивног образовања иприказано је стање у нашој земљи у погледу образовања ове деце. Анализирани суосновни аспекти инклузивног образовања: ставовско-вредносне орјентације премаовој деци, улоге наставника и специфичности наставе, интеракције деце сатешкоћама у развоју и вршњака и партнерство школе и родитеља деце сатешкоћама у развоју. Дат је приказ сродних истраживања обављених у нашојземљи и окружењу. У другом делу рада приказано је истраживања које је за циљимало утвђивање могућности и ограничења укључивања деце са тешкоћама уразвоју у редовне основне школе на основу испитивања ставова, искустава имишљења учитеља, наставника, директора, стручних сарадника и родитеља осталедеце о овом процесу, имплицитних педагогија наставника и процена фактора којимогу да олакшају или отежају овај процес. Зависне варијабле истраживања судоведене у везу са реализацијом пилот-пројекта инклузивног образовања,образовним профилом, дужином радног стажа и образовним нивоом родитеља.Указано је на кључне могућности и ограничења за укључивање деце са тешкоћамау развоју у нашим школама. Резултати указују на то да је пилот-пројекатинклузивног образовања имао позитиван утицај на ставове наставника и родитељапрема овом процесу. Дате су препоруке за припрему школа и наставника као исмернице за даља истраживања у овој области. Главне практичне импликацијеистраживања односе се на иницијално образовање наставника и њихово даљестручно усавршавање у овој области.<br>U radu se razmatra problem inkluzije dece sa teškoćama u razvoju uredovne osnovne škole, kroz sagledavanje osnovnih mogućnosti i ograničenja zaovaj proces u našim osnovnim školama. U teorijskom delu rada bavili smo seteorijskim polazištima istraživanja, pojmovnim određenjima, terminologijom iklasifikacijom dece sa teškoćama u razvoju i njihovim položajem u društvu. Datje prikaz različitih modela obrazovanja ove dece i pravnih dokumenata kojipodržavaju inkluziju. Posebno je razmotren problem inkluzivnog obrazovanja iprikazano je stanje u našoj zemlji u pogledu obrazovanja ove dece. Analizirani suosnovni aspekti inkluzivnog obrazovanja: stavovsko-vrednosne orjentacije premaovoj deci, uloge nastavnika i specifičnosti nastave, interakcije dece sateškoćama u razvoju i vršnjaka i partnerstvo škole i roditelja dece sateškoćama u razvoju. Dat je prikaz srodnih istraživanja obavljenih u našojzemlji i okruženju. U drugom delu rada prikazano je istraživanja koje je za ciljimalo utvđivanje mogućnosti i ograničenja uključivanja dece sa teškoćama urazvoju u redovne osnovne škole na osnovu ispitivanja stavova, iskustava imišljenja učitelja, nastavnika, direktora, stručnih saradnika i roditelja ostaledece o ovom procesu, implicitnih pedagogija nastavnika i procena faktora kojimogu da olakšaju ili otežaju ovaj proces. Zavisne varijable istraživanja sudovedene u vezu sa realizacijom pilot-projekta inkluzivnog obrazovanja,obrazovnim profilom, dužinom radnog staža i obrazovnim nivoom roditelja.Ukazano je na ključne mogućnosti i ograničenja za uključivanje dece sa teškoćamau razvoju u našim školama. Rezultati ukazuju na to da je pilot-projekatinkluzivnog obrazovanja imao pozitivan uticaj na stavove nastavnika i roditeljaprema ovom procesu. Date su preporuke za pripremu škola i nastavnika kao ismernice za dalja istraživanja u ovoj oblasti. Glavne praktične implikacijeistraživanja odnose se na inicijalno obrazovanje nastavnika i njihovo daljestručno usavršavanje u ovoj oblasti.<br>This paper discusses the problem of inclusion of children with developmentaldifficulties in regular primary schools through obtaining an insight into basic possibilitiesand limitations of this process in our primary schools. In theoretical part of the paper, wedealt with theoretical starting points for the research, definition of concepts, terminologyand classification of children with developmental difficulties and their position in thesociety. We provided an overview of different models of education for these children andlegal documents supporting the inclusion. The problem of inclusive education was givenspecial consideration and the situation in our country regarding the education of thesechildren was presented. The basic aspects of inclusive education were analysed:attitudinal-value orientations towards these children, roles of teachers and peculiarities ofinstruction, interactions of children with developmental difficulties with their peers, andpartnership between school and parents of these children. We provided an overview ofsimilar research studies published in our country and the surroundings. In the second partof the paper, we presented the research whose goal was to establish the possibilities andlimitations of the inclusion of children with developmental difficulties in regular primaryschools based on studying the attitudes, experiences and opinions of teachers, principals,expert associates and parents of other children about this process, the implicit pedagogiesof teachers and assessment of factors that can facilitate or aggravate this process.Dependent variables in the research are linked with the implementation of the pilotprojectof inclusive education, educational profile, years of service, and educational levelof parents. It is pointed out to the key possibilities and limitations of the inclusion ofchildren with developmental difficulties in our schools. The results indicate that the pilotprojectof inclusive education had a positive influence on attitudes of teachers and parentstowards this process. Recommendations for preparation of schools and teachers areprovided, as well as the guidelines for further research in this area. The main practicalimplications of the research refer to the initial education of teachers and their furtherprofessional improvement in this field.

UVOD: Hronične inflamatorne bolesti se ispoljavaju kao Kronova bolest i ulcerozni kolitis. Njihova značajnost ogleda se u hronicitetu kao i u stepenu u kom ograničavaju rast i razvoj dece i omladine. Brojne su posledice ovih oboljenja: dugotrajno izostajanje sa nastave, ograničavanje životnih aktivnosti i pojava komplikacija koje neretko zahvataju i druge organske sisteme. Etiologija je i dalje nerazja&scaron;njenja navodeći kao značajan hronični inflamatorni proces u genetski uslovljenih pojedinaca a provociranih nekim infektivnim agensom. Početkom 21. veka genetska istraživanja su otkrila osnovu nasleđivanja hroničnih inflamatornih oboljenja povezanih sa NOD2 genom. Kako je u pitanju organskim sistem koji je ograničeno pristupačan kliničkom pregledu, osnovu dijagnostike čine radiolo&scaron;ke metode. Kako je potrebno sprečiti kontinuirano izlaganje &scaron;tetnom dejstvu rendgenskog zračenja istraživanja se usmeravaju ka UZ i magnetnoj rezonanca. Na&scaron;e istraživanje se baziralo na mogućnostima ovih dveju metoda u svakodnevnom radu za dijagnostiku i dalje praćenje hroničnih inflamatornih bolesti creva. CILJEVI: Utvrditi senzitivnost i specifičnost ultrazvučne dijagnostike i magnetne resonance kod upalnih oboljenja creva u dečjem i adolescentnom uzrastu. Definisati i uporediti prednosti i ograničenja ultrazvučne dijagnostike sa dijagnostikom magnetne rezonace kod upalnih obolenja creva u dečjem i adolescentnom uzrastu. MATERIJAL I METODE: U istraživanje je uključeno 62. dece i adolescenata u toku prvog ataka bolesti ili ponovljenim fazama bolesti ili tokom redovnog praćenja u remisiji. Obuhvaćeni uzrast je od 4. do 18. godina. Potom su razvrstani u grupe na osnovu vrste pregleda i prisustva zadebljanja crevnog zida na A i B (pregled UZ), gde je A grupa imala zabeleženo zadebljanje crevnog zida preko 3 mm, a kod dece u grupi B debljina crevnog zida je bila između 2,5-3 mm. Sa druge strane na osnovu pregleda magnetnom rezonancom podeljeni su u A1 i B1 grupe, takođe po kriterijumu zadebljanja crevnog zida većeg od 3 mm (A1), odnosno između 2,5-3 mm (B1). Istraživanje je sprovedeno na Institutu za zdravstvenu za&scaron;titutu dece i omladine Vojvodine i Institutu za radiologiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine. Prvi pregled načinjen je UZ a potom je načinjen pregled magnetnom rezonanacom. Podaci su obrađivani retrospektivno i prospektivno. Kriterijumi za uključivanje u studiju pored uzrasta bili su radiolo&scaron;ki: zadebljanje crevnog zida &gt;3mm, postojanje naru&scaron;ene arhitektonike crevnog zida, zadebljanje pojedinih crevnih segmenata-dužina segmenta, znaci fibroze, odsustvo peristaltike, izražena hiperemija na kolor Doppleru, transmuralni znaci upale, uvećani mezenterijalni limfni nodusi kao i kontrolni pregledi kod dece sa ranije ustanovljenom dijagnozom. Načinjena je endoskopija sa biopsijom radi postavljanja definitivne dijagnoze, potom se pristupilo statističkoj obradi dobijenih podataka. Izračunate su prosečne i standardne devijacije i frekvencije kao i pripadajući procenti. Određivane su maksimalne i minimalne vrednosti, medijane i interkvartalni raspon. Dobijeni podaci prikazani su u grafikonima i tabelama. Za parametrijske varijable upotrebljavan je Man &ndash; Vitni U test. Za kategoričke vrednosti upotrebljeni su &chi;2 i Fi&scaron;erov test. Nadalje su određivane senzitivnost, specifičnost kao i pozitivne i negativne prediktivne vrednosti. Veze između dva parametra uspostavljene su pomoću Pirsonove korelacione analize i linearnim regresionim modelom. Upotrebljen je program za obradu podataka SPSS 21 Statistics,a kao statistički značajne vrednosti uzete su vrednosti p&lt;0,05. REZULTATI: Nakon statističke obrade nije zabeležena signifikantnost u pogledu zastupljenosti hroničnih inflamatornih bolesti među polovima. Statistička značajnost pronađena je u pogledu uzrasta dece u akutnoj fazi kao i remisiji bolesti. Statistička značajnost je dobijena za posmatranu debljinu crevnog zida, hiperemiju creva, prisustvo fibroze u digestivnom traktu. Primećeno je da UZ bolje razgraničava decu sa akutnim oboljenjem po pitanju zahvaćenosti segmenata. Ostala posmatrana obeležja nisu nakon statističke obrade imala statistički značaju razliku kada se procenjuju ultrazvučno ili magnetnom rezonancom. ZAKLJUČAK: Inicijalne hipoteze ovog istraživanja su nakon obrade podataka i potvrđene. Određivanjem senzitivnosti i specifičnosti UZ i MR dobijene su sledeće vrednosti: senzitivnost UZ je 88,4% naspram 92,3% koliko ima pregled magnetnom rezonancom. U pogledu specifičnosti UZ ima 88% a magnetna rezonanca 91,6%. Verifikovano je da magnetna rezonanca bolje razvrstava decu u akutnoj fazi bolesti kao i decu u remisiji. Rezultati pozitivnih i negativnih verovatnoća odnosa ne predviđaju neuspeh nijednim od ova dva pregleda.<br>INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammatory diseases are manifested through two clinical entities: Crohn&#39;s disease and ulcerative colitis. Their significance lies in the chronicity and the degree to which they restrict the growth and development of children and youth. There are many consenquences that come with the very nature of the disease, in addition to long-term absence from school, limiting life activities and the occurrence of complications that often affect other organ systems. The etiology of the disease has long been in favor of the theory that a chronic inflammatory process in genetically conditioned individual is provoking an inflammation due to a certain infectious agent. However, a step closer was made regarding the etiology of the disease - when the genetic basis of inheritance studies have revealed chronic inflammatory bowel diseases were associated with NOD2 gene. It is particularly important to prevent continuous exposure to the harmful effects of X-rays. Therefore, numerous studies have been made towards the validation of complementarity, accuracy and diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging as noninvasive techniques. Our research was based on the capabilities of these two methods in their daily work for diagnosis and follow-up of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the aim was to define and compare the advantages and limitations between ultrasound diagnosis and magnetic resonance in inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 62 children and adolescents during the first attack of disease or recurrent stages of the disease, or during regular monitoring in remission. Patients included children of both sexes, aged 4-18. Then they were sorted into groups based on the type of the examination and the presence of a thickening of the intestinal wall into groups A and B - in these groups children were examined by ultrasound, A group had observed thickening of the intestinal wall &gt; 3 mm whereas children in group B had had thickening of the intestinal wall between 2,5-3 mm. Based on the review of MRI children were divided into groups A1 and B1, also according to the criterion of bowel wall thickening greater than 3mm (A1) and between 2,5-3mm (B1). The research was conducted at the Institute for Health Protection of Children and Youth and the Institute of Radiology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The first review was made by ultrasound, followed by the review of magnetic resonance. Data were analyzed retrospectively and prospectively. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: thickening of the intestinal wall greater than 3 mm, the existence of disturbed intestinal wall architectural structure, no clear distinction of layers, abnormal thickening of certain intestinal segments, signs of fibrosis, the absence of peristalsis, expressed hyperemia on color Doppler, transmural inflammation, increased mesenterial lymph nodes as well as check-ups for children with previously established diagnosis. Endosccopy with biopsy has made for the definitive diagnosis and then we approached statistical analysis of the data obtained. The data are presented in graphs and tables. For parametric variables we used Man - Whitney U test. For categorical values &chi;2 and Fisher&#39;s test were used. Further the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were determined. Relationship between these two parameters were established using Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression model. For data processing we used the program SPSS Statistics 21, statistically significant values were taken p values &lt;0.05. RESULTS: After statistical analysis there was no for the number of chronic inflammatory diseases between the sexes. Statistical significance was found in terms of age of the children during the acute phase as well as remission. Statistical significance was obtained for the observed thickness of the intestinal wall, intestinal hyperemia, the presence of fibrosis in the digestive tract. It was noted that US better demarcates children with acute disease in terms of involvement of segments. Other features are not observed as significant after the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: The initial hypothesis of this study, after data processing were confirmed. By determining the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound MRI results we came to the following results: sensitivity of ultrasound was 88,4% versus 92,3%, for magnetic resonance. In terms of specifics UZ has a 88% and 91,6% of magnetic resonance imaging. The classification of children in the acute phase of the disease as well as children in remission was better when MRI was used. The results of positive and negative predictions do not predict the probability of failure in neither of these methods.

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 136-139).<br>THE USE of biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi, plant material, and insects, is proposed as a viable design methodology that can include end-of-life material treatment and re-use as part of the design process. Decay, typically thought of as a destructive process with spatially and temporally unpredictable results can be potentially designed to high levels of spatial and temporal tunability, such that the product of decay can still be of value to the designer. In particular, could microbes, in combination with water, be guided to selectively disintegrate, and potentially also then be harnessed as agents of assembly, enabling design construction instead of destruction? What would the ecology of this system that includes the microbes, biocompatible substrate, and contextual environment, look like? How might it behave and how might this affect how architects design the built environment? The main goal of this thesis is to understand how water-induced decay of biocomposite-based artifacts might be designed such that the deterioration process has use-value for the designed artifact and how this decay might be harnessed as a formative agent instead of only as a deconstructive one. This understanding will be informed by the execution and analysis of a series of case study projects that include: Aguahoja: Artifacts and Hexes Aguahoja: Colonization Aguahoja: Pavilion For these projects, water-based composites of chitosan, cellulose, and pectin, will be additively printed into architectural-scale artifacts and panels which are used as the skin of a small pavilion. The use of the chitin-cellulose-pectin composite introduces a water-dependent biocompatible material system that can act as the base scaffold for biofilms and microbial colonies. A series of material characterization tests were done to understand the nuances of the different bio-composites. Working challenges for this system included warping and uncontrolled deflections due to changing relative humidity and the gradual and constant dehydration of the material. This hydration dependent activity also dictated flexibility rigidity, and colour. Water is used to initiate the disintegration of the panels as well as initiate the growth of microbial cultures on the panels. The projects described here are intended to serve as examples of how a designer might be able to incorporate biological agency into her process. It is not intended as a comprehensive guidebook, but rather as case studies of how one might use nascent biological tools in current design methodology and how that methodology might have to change in order to leverage biology in her process.<br>by Andrea Ling.<br>S.M.

Uvod: Kraniofacijalni sistem je svim svojim strukturama razvojno, funkcionalno i anatomski tesno vezan sa strukturama gornjih respiratornih puteva. Tako je svaki poremećaj u jednom od njih često praćen manjim ili većim poremećajem u drugom. Ovaj rad se bavi utvrđivanjem mogućnosti da se prepoznaju neki od orofacijalnih faktora kod dece koji bi mogli da uzrokuju ili povećaju ozbiljnost smetnji u disanju. Od posebnog je značaja činjenica da se većina autora bavi tretiranjem odrasle populacije, dok samo nastajanje poremećaja nije jasno obja&scaron;njeno. Zbog toga je ovaj rad zami&scaron;ljen kao doprinos saznanju o nekim od mnogih međusobno veoma kompleksno isprepletanih funkcionalnih i morfolo&scaron;kih poremećaja koji svi zajedno dovode do ovog potencijalno opasnog, a globalno prisutnog stanja. U ovom istraživanju posebna pažnja se obraća na uticaj poremećenih međuviličnih odnosa u sagitalnoj dimenziji (posteriorni odnos struktura donje vilice) kod dece koja nisu zavr&scaron;ila rast i kod koje se jo&scaron; uvek može terapijski delovati, kao i na sagitalnu uskost gornjih respiratornih puteva. Skeletno II klasa je poremećaj kraniofacijalnog razvoja koji se u dece leči, dok je kod odraslih sa zavr&scaron;enim rastom taj odnos vilica fiksiran. Ispravljanje morfolo&scaron;ke nepravilnosti kod dece koriguje se pravilnim usmeravanjem rasta, i normalizacijom poremećenih funkcija orofacijalne i nathioidne muskulature, &scaron;to se postiže primenom funkcionalnih ortodontskih aparata. Ciljevi i hipoteze: Op&scaron;ti cilj rada je da se doprinese saznanjima o dimenzijama struktura u periodu razvoja koje mogu u kasnijim životnim dobima da doprinesu nastanku smetnji u disanju i nekom od &scaron;irokog spektra poremećaja opisanih kao sindrom opstruktivnog prekida disanja u toku sna, kao i da se sagledaju mogućnosti ranog delovanja na njih. Metode: Ispitivanje je sprovedeno kao kombinacija studije preseka u svom prvom delu I kohortne studije u svom drugom delu, na Klinici za stomatologiju Vojvodine. Studijom je obuhvaćeno 98 ispitanika eksperimentalne grupe koji su ispunjavali kriterijume za uključivanje u studiju, odgovarajućeg uzrasta i kraniofacijalne morfologije (druga skeletna klasa i hiperdivergentan rast), kao i 70 (dve grupe po 35) ispitanika kontrolne grupe odgovarajućeg uzrasta kao reprezent op&scaron;te populacije. Kod svih ispitanika izvr&scaron;ena su standardna rendgenkefalometrijska merenja i utvrđene dimenzije gornjih respiratornih puteva, kao i struktura koje bi mogle da imaju uticaja na njih, jezika i mekog nepca. Dobijene vrednosti su upoređene statistički. Posle godinu dana ortodontskog lečenja malokluzije druge klase, pristupilo se ponovnom merenju istih struktura, upoređivanju sa kontrolnom grupom odgovarajućeg uzrasta, kao i utvrđivanju nastalih promena u odnosu na početni nalaz. Da bi se utvrdio stvarni opseg promena nastalih usled ortodontske terapije, upoređen je stepen promene i kod kontrolne grupe na početku i kraju opservacionog perioda. Rezultati: Utvrđene su sagitalne dimenzije gornjih respiratornih puteva kod ispitanika sa hiperdivergentnom malokluzijom klase II/1. Utvrđene dimenzije su značajno manje kod ispitanika sa klasom II/1 nego kod op&scaron;te populacije, na sva tri posmatrana nivoa, nivou nazofarinksa, nivou orofarinksa i nivou hipofarinksa. Ne postoji statistički značajna međuzavisnost između sagitalnih dimenzija gornjih respiratornih puteva i skeletnih odnosa u sagitalnoj dimenziji. Nakon ortodontskog lečenja funkcionalnim aparatima, kod ispitanika su se dimenzije gornjih disajnih puteva na sva tri posmatrana nivoa povećale. Zaključak: Nalazi potvrđuju da su gornji disajni putevi kod osoba sa hiperdivergentnom klasom II/1 uži nego kod ostatka populacije, kao i da uravnotežavanje njihovih morfofunkcionalnih odlika u toku rasta ortodontskim lečenjem dovodi i do skladnijeg razvoja faringealnih struktura koje izgrađuju gornje disajne puteve.<br>Introduction: Craniofacial system has all of its structures developmentally, functionally and anatomically closely related to the structures of the upper respiratory tract. Thus, any disturbancein any of them is often accompanied by a disorder in the other. This paper is identifying opportunities to recognize some of the orofacial factors in children that could cause or increase the severity of breathing difficulties. Of particular importance is the fact that most authors deal with treating the adult population, while the mere emergence of the developmental disorder is not clearly explained. Therefore, this paper is conceived as a contribution to the knowledge of some of the many mutually very complex, interwoven functional and morphological disorders that together lead to this potentially dangerous, a globally present situation. In this study, specialattention is paid to the influence of irregular intermaxillary relationship in the sagittal dimension (posterior position of lower jaw) in children who have not yet completed growth and in which there still can be a therapeutic act, as well as the sagittal narrowness of the upper respiratory tract. Correcting morphological irregularities in children is acheived by modifying and directing the growth and normalization of disturbed functions of orofacial musculature, by the application of functional orthodontic appliances. Objectives and hypotheses: The overall objective of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the structures and dimensions of the structures during the period of development, which may in later stages of life contribute to the occurrence of disturbances in breathing and a wide spectrum of disorders described as obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, as well as to examine the possibility of affecting them early. Methods: The study was conducted as a combination of cross-sectional study in the first part and cohort study in its second part. It was performed at the Clinic of Dentistry of Vojvodina. The study included 98 experimental group subjects who met the criteria for inclusion in the study, appropriate age and craniofacial morphology (second class and hyperdivergent skeletal growth), and 70 (two groups of 35) of controls, being of corresponding ages. Roentgenocephalometric features and the dimensions of the upper respiratory tract were assessed in all subjects, as well as structures that could influence them, tongue and soft palate. The values obtained were compared statistically. After a year of orthodontic treatment of class II malocclusion, re- measurement of the same structures was performed, as well as the comparison with a control group of corresponding age. Changes in relation to the initial findings were tracked. To determine the actual extent of the changes caused by orthodontic treatment, the degree of change was compared in the control group at the beginning and end of the observation period. Results: The sagittal dimensions of the upper respiratory tract are significantly smaller in patients with Class II/1 than in the general population in all three observed levels, the level of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the level of level of hypopharynx. There was no significant interdependence between the sagittal dimension of the upper respiratory tract and skeletal relationships in the sagittal dimension. After orthodontic treatment by the means of functional appliances, the dimensions of the upper airway in all three observed levels increased. Conclusion: The findings confirm that the upper airway in patients with hyperdivergent class II/1 malocclusion is narrower than in the rest of the population, as well as that balancing their morphofunctional facial features during growth by orthodontic treatment leads to the more harmonious development of the pharyngeal structures that make up the upper airways.

У дисертацији су приказани развој мултимодалногсистема за образовну игру Луграм и истраживањавезана за његову примену у области редовног испецијализованог основношколског образовања.Извршено је испитивање утицаја Луграма наповишење ефеката учења геометрије у редовнојразредној настави, испитивање да ли његовуприлагођену мултимодалну верзију могу да користеслабовида и слепа деца и да ли се она можекористити за њихову обуку за самосталну употребурачунарске аудио верзије Луграма.Утврђено је да Луграм има утицаја на пораст успехау учењу геометрије и да се прилагођена аудио-тактилна верзија може користити у сврху обукеслабовиде и слепе деце за самостално коришћењеаудио верзије игре.Резултати истраживања су показали оправданостприступа развоју Луграма као мултимодалногсистема за игру и усмерили његов даљи развој каасистивном мултимодалном систему који поседујеспособност говорне интеракције са корисником имогућност прилагођења различитим категоријамакорисника.<br>U disertaciji su prikazani razvoj multimodalnogsistema za obrazovnu igru Lugram i istraživanjavezana za njegovu primenu u oblasti redovnog ispecijalizovanog osnovnoškolskog obrazovanja.Izvršeno je ispitivanje uticaja Lugrama napovišenje efekata učenja geometrije u redovnojrazrednoj nastavi, ispitivanje da li njegovuprilagođenu multimodalnu verziju mogu da koristeslabovida i slepa deca i da li se ona možekoristiti za njihovu obuku za samostalnu upotreburačunarske audio verzije Lugrama.Utvrđeno je da Lugram ima uticaja na porast uspehau učenju geometrije i da se prilagođena audio-taktilna verzija može koristiti u svrhu obukeslabovide i slepe dece za samostalno korišćenjeaudio verzije igre.Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali opravdanostpristupa razvoju Lugrama kao multimodalnogsistema za igru i usmerili njegov dalji razvoj kaasistivnom multimodalnom sistemu koji posedujesposobnost govorne interakcije sa korisnikom imogućnost prilagođenja različitim kategorijamakorisnika.<br>The dissertation presents the development of the multimodal system for the educational game Lugram and the research related to its application in the regular and specialized primary education. The examination of the effect which Lugram has on the improvement in learning geometry in the primary education is done, as well as the testing weather its adapted multimodal version can be used for the training of partially sighted and blind children for the independent use of the computer audio version of Lugram. It is established that Lugram has an influence on the improvement in learning geometry and that adapted audio-tactile version can be used for the training purposes for partially sighted and blind children. Results of the research have justified the approach in the development of Lugram as a multimodal system for the game. Moreover, they focus further development toward assistive multimodal system which has ability of the voice interaction with the user and also ability of adaptation to the different kind of users.

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó para validar la viabilidad de crear una empresa dedicada a la decoración temática de habitaciones de dormitorio para parejas de la ciudad de Lima que desean evitar la infidelidad; es así como se crea DECO-LOVE una empresa que permitirá experimentar un momento romántico y fantasioso. A Continuación, se mencionará las partes más relevantes del trabajo de investigación: El Planeamiento Estratégico sirvió para tener una visión clara de las oportunidades que existe en el entorno. En el cual, se verificó que existe una tendencia alta de crecimiento sobre los temas sexuales. La investigación de mercado ayudó a conocer cuáles eran las necesidades del público objetivo. Y con ello se decidió perseverar en el proyecto, ya que en el mercado no existe una empresa que pueda satisfacer esa necesidad. En el plan económico y financiero se visualiza que el proyecto es rentable ya que el VPN es mayor a cero y cuenta con una TIR del 20 % para este proyecto y el 23 % para el inversionista. En base a lo mencionado en las partes relevantes, se puede hacer una idea de lo atractivo que sería el proyecto en el mercado, debido que no existe competencia alguna. Esta oportunidad, haría que la empresa sea uno de los pioneros en el sector. Finalmente, se recomienda la implementación del proyecto ya que los resultados obtenidos son favorables para su ejecución y para el inversionista.<br>This present research work was done to validate the viability of creating a company dedicated to the thematic bedroom decoration for couples in the city of Lima who want to avoid infidelity; that is how DECO-LOVE is created as a company that allows to experience a romantic and imaginative moment. Relevant parts of the research work will be mentioned as follows: The Strategic Planning served just to have a clear vision of the opportunities that exists in the surroundings. It was noticed that a high growth tendency exists related to sexual issues. The Market Research helped to know which the target audience’s necessities were and with that, it was decided to persist in the project because there is no company within the market that can satisfy such necessity. It can be seen that the project is profitable within the economic and financial plan because the VPN is greater than zero and has a 20% IRR (Internal Rate of Return) for this project and 23% for the investor. On the basis of the relevant parts, it can be thought how attractive the project would be in the market due to the non-existing competition. This opportunity would make the company lead the way in its area. Finally, it is recommended to implement the project because the obtained results are favorable for its execution and investor.<br>Trabajo de investigación

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración<br>Cada vez son más los profesionales solteros que al comenzar su vida laboral desean independizarse comprando su primer departamento de no más de 50 metros cuadrados. Junto con ello, desean decorarlo e implementarlo, sin embargo su presupuesto es muy bajo o nulo para realizarlo, teniendo que esperar meses e incluso años para lograr una decoración e implementación adecuada con el estilo deseado. Frente a este escenario, en donde la demanda por departamentos pequeños aumenta cada vez más, DECO-PRAT pone a disposición el servicio de decoración e implementación temática al momento de la compra del departamento, así desde que el comprador del departamento comience a vivir en su nuevo hogar, este contará con la decoración e implementación deseada. Cabe mencionar además que este tipo de personas carecen de conocimiento en el ámbito de la decoración, diseño e implementación de departamentos, sin embargo desean vivir en un lugar acogedor de acuerdo a sus gustos y lo más importante; desean vivir en un lugar con estilo. El año 2014 se comercializaron 25.149 unidades de departamentos en el gran Santiago, en donde el 57% correspondió a departamentos de este tipo y durante el año 2015 se comercializaron 34.625 unidades de departamentos en el gran Santiago, en donde el 60% correspondió a departamentos de menos de 50 metros cuadrados debido a que el segmento objetivo continúa buscando viviendas unipersonales. Así el comprador del departamento vislumbrará mediante el servicio ofrecido que es su mejor solución para decorar e implementar su primer departamento, ya que el método de pago es mediante un monto adicional al valor cuota del crédito hipotecario que se suma a este, significando un aumento marginal, siendo casi imperceptible. DECO-PRAT coordinará con las Inmobiliarias que venden departamentos nuevos el ofrecimiento del servicio por parte de sus Ejecutivas de Venta. Para ello facilitará el material necesario en las salas de venta, con los tipos de decoración e implementación a ofrecer, en donde se podrán ofrecer las temáticas estándar: “Futbol”, “Vintage”, “Rock” y ”Fantasía”, las cuales son ajustables a la medida según el tipo de departamento de 1 dormitorio. Operacionalmente una vez que el Comprador haya firmado a DECO-PRAT la conformidad por el servicio de decoración e implementación realizado y recibido su garantía, la Inmobiliaria cancelará el monto de dicho servicio a DECO-PRAT al momento que el banco facilitador del crédito hipotecario al comprador, cancele a la Inmobiliaria el monto del departamento menos el pie + el monto completo por el servicio de decoración e implementación. Este trámite lo realizará la Inmobiliaria, luego de descontar su comisión (Ver Esquema 1). Financieramente la evaluación se realizó en un periodo de 5 años, obteniendo VAN y TIR favorables, en donde se espera vender 80 servicios el primer año, esperando aumentar la cantidad en un 40% cada año. De esta forma el tercer año será posible generar 157 servicios equivalentes a $126.699.596.- y para el quinto año 307 equivalentes a $ 569.312.656.-. Así, estamos frente a una oportunidad rentable y realizable para el inversionista interesado en este negocio. En general la industria cuenta con empresas y decoradores, los cuales realizan servicios de decoración, implementación y asesorías en la creación de ambientes. Entre ellos se encuentran: Decoideal, Decoración y Cortinaje MA, DDO, Galería Catherine Ortiz, Carola Rojas, entre otros, los cuales son básicamente consultores o trabajadores autónomos que entregan el servicio de decoración. A diferencia de este escenario en la industria, DECO-PRAT buscará entregar una solución distinta, mediante temáticas, las cuales puedan implementarse en más de 1 departamento por torre, generando así la mayor cantidad de negocios con clientes que obtendrán las siguientes ventajas competitivas:  Un departamento decorado e implementado desde el momento que se entregan las llaves  El pago por el servicio se incluye en forma menor dentro del pago del dividendo  El cliente no debe interiorizarse en como se decora e implementa un departamento, ni debe cotizar por el servicio ni materiales  El servicio se realiza en menos de 2 semanas  Los materiales incluidos en la implementación cuentan con accesorios reales como por ejemplo; en el caso de una implementación “Rock” guitarras eléctricas reales El mercado objetivo corresponde a profesionales solter@s, desde los 22 años en adelante, los cuales buscan vivir en un ambiente con estilo y buena ubicación, incluyendo personas divorciadas que estén dispuestos a pagar un bajo monto adicional al valor cuota mensual de su crédito hipotecario. El equipo de la empresa contará con:  Un Gerente Comercial (Socio): El cual se encargará de generar acuerdos con las distintas inmobiliarias, puesta en marcha del ofrecimiento por parte de las Ejecutivas, capacitación a la Inmobiliaria, mantención del acuerdo y postventa.  Un Jefe de Operaciones: El cual estará encargado del taller y las instalaciones en los departamentos, coordinando las actividades diarias con los trabajadores.  Tres Trabajadores: Los cuales se encargarán de desarrollar los trabajos en los departamentos. Luego el equipo irá creciendo de acuerdos a las necesidades de la empresa, principalmente en el número de Trabajadores, contando con 4 Trabajadores el tercer año y con 5 el quinto año, logrando de esta manera un equipo de 7 personas.

The medium format photographs created in conjunction with my senior thesis exhibit, Everyday Decay, use texture, line, intimate framing, warm color palettes, and layering to explore an aspect of the everyday landscape that we interact with often but generally ignore. The choice of medium and subject of decay creates a sense of the past, aided by the warm tones that imply affinity and nostalgia.

AUTHORS: Beatrice Isaksson and Zanna Nyman TITLE: To share or not to share – Facebook’s impact on co-worker relationships. SWEDISH TITLE: Att dela eller icke dela – Facebooks påverkan på ko­ll­e­gors relationer LEVEL: BA Thesis in Media and Communication Science LANGUAGE: Swedish NUMBER OF PAGES: 64 PURPOSE: This study will aim to contribute to the improvement of knowledge in the field of media and communication science, related to how Facebook affects co-worker relationships in Swedish organisations. METHODOLOGY: This study will use surveys to measure the attitudes of employees who use Facebook in three different organisations and look at how this influences their working relationships. FINDINGS: The findings in this study support the idea that Facebook does have an effect on co-worker relationships. The research undertaken shows that Facebook causes increased levels of annoyance amongst employees. However, despite this; if used in a respectful manner, co-workers that have colleagues as Facebook friends can in fact strengthen their working relationship. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS: The variables in this study are self-reported. This means they are subject to the normal limitations of cross-sectional survey research. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: This study will help organisations to improve their understanding of the influence Facebook has on their employees. This research can be used as guidance on the proper use of Facebook, which should help to minimise the levels of annoyance amongst employees and strengthen their working relationships. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: No research on this issue has been undertaken in Sweden before and so this study aims to alert organisations and provide them with the appropriate knowledge of how communication over social media impacts the relationships between their employees. PROGRAM: The Program for Information and Communication studies. LOCATION: Linnaeus University, Växjö DATE OF SUBMISSION: 2016-06-10 ASSESSOR: Eva Lundberg KEYWORDS: Co-worker relationship ∙ Social media ∙ Facebook ∙ Organisational research

Twenty cantilever diaphragm tests were performed in the Structures and Materials Laboratory at Virginia Tech. The tests included both deep deck and cellular deck profiles with varying structural and side-lap connections. The tests were conducted with three different structural connections: screws, pins and welds and two different side-lap connections: screws and button punch. <p> The tests were conducted and both load and deflection of the diaphragms were recorded. The current International Code Council, ICC, evaluation procedure shows that there are two different methods for measuring diaphragm deflection. The first method was by measuring specific corner displacements and making corrections to remove any rigid body motion. The second method is by measuring the deflection of the diagonals of the diaphragm. In this study both measurements were taken to do a comparison of the results that were obtained. Both strength and stiffness values were calculated based on the Steel Deck Institute (SDI) Diaphragm Design Manual (2004) and modifications described by Luttrell (2005). The paper by Luttrell (2005) only recommends modifications for the calculation of diaphragm stiffness. The data obtained from the tests were compared to the SDI calculations to distinguish any noticeable trends. Modifications are recommended regarding diaphragm strength and further research is suggested to create a better stiffness prediction of diaphragms.<br>Master of Science